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ANNALS 


OF THE 


SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 


VOLUME X- 


ANNALS 


OF THE 


SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 


WO). 
VOLUME X. < : oN 
nice 


PRINTED FOR THE 
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 
By West, Newman & Co., LoNDON 


1911-1914 


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TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. 


The Right Hon. Jon Xavier Merriman, M.L.A. 

THomas Muir, C.M.G., LL.D., M.A., F.R.S., F.R.S.E., Superintendent-General 
of Education. 

JoHn Winuiam Jaccrer, M.L.A., F.R.Stat.s. 


SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN 
MUSEUM. 


Louis ArBert Périncury, D.Sc., F.Z.S., F.E.S., Director. 

Wiuw1am Freperick Purcen, B.A., Ph.D., Keeper of Land Invertebrates, except 
Insects. 

ArrHur Wiuu1am Rogers, D.Sc., F.G.S., Keeper of the Geological and Minera- 
logical Collections. 

E. P. Puinures, M.A., F.L.S., Assistant in Charge of the Herbarium. 

K. H. Barnarp, M.A., Assistant in Charge of Fish and Marine Invertebrate 
Collections. 

S. H. Hauauton, B.A., I'.G.S., Assistant in Charge of Geological Collections. 


LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 


K. H. Barnarp. PAGE 
Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa :— 
1, Additions to the Marine Isopoda. Plates XVII.-XXII. .......... 197 
2. Description of a New Species of Phreatoicus (Isopoda) from South 
Africa. Plates XX1TD: and XOxVie. ric epee erat rnater 86 6 is'cre.s 6.3 231 
3. Additions to the Marine Isopoda, with Notes on some previously 
incompletely known species. Plates XXVII.-XXXVIII. ....... oe. 3298 
A AY New Speciesiof Nebatia. Plate exon xa peereeniiiciecicie cs ci. © - 443 
M. Burr. 
On Some South African Dermaptera (Earwigs) in the South African 
Wiha )el0 te een MOnOd un tacan TOO aOaeaodob 100000 Boooodd 50 UD OUIOE 1 


W. L. Disranr. 
On Some South African Rhynchota in the South African Museum...... 39 


E. ELLIncsen. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa, based on the Collections of the 
SOUL PAirICaM MUS eUM ee ates) oteletereroestonelecrstoteietalete dovodoOsOOUODOUS 75 


Cy 


. J. KIEFFER. 


South African Chironomide (Diptera) ............. 30006 S00DNeoOOONDD 259 


E. Meyrick. 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. TIT. ........20.........-..00- 53 
Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera .............eeeeee 243 


L. PERINGUEY. 
Descriptions of Four New Species of South African Hemerobiide (Order 


ISSUER NED) CG Gg ancootesccoocc0gaDs OooDodCD ODOC UnDOUDODODDOOS 31 
Notes on South African Mutillide (Hymenoptera), with Descriptions of 
New, or little Known Speclesmerereeiiererieieliereiieieitels| > ele =1+ 1) leleetsitets 323 


Ei. PETERSEN. 


Ephemeride from South Africa ............... evoteleie)croieleletolelstetneterers 55 Lie 


pe 


. RAFFRAY. 


Description of a New Species of Pselaphide (Coleoptera) from South Africa 193 
Description of a New Genus and Species of Termitobious Pselaphide 
(Coleoptera) Menerstexscrteretlerete clciratole «foie s16)/s)s10 6) «1 + « yeyetereraneenertcreteite 463 


G. Ricarpo. 


List of South African Tabanide# (Diptera) in the South African Museum, 
with) Descriptionsiol News Species! ......).11-. + «« =» elenerteieeterioete 447 


Index of New Family and Generic Names. vil 


T. R. R. Stessine. PAGE 
South African Crustacea. Part VI. The Sympoda. Plates I-XVI. .. 129 


G. ULMER. 
SouthpAtricameDrichoptera, was se ass see ce ccs os clelce cre cteiesietereterstetersters 189 


W. WARREN. 


Descriptions of Some New Geometride and Pyralidide from South Africa 19 
Descriptions of New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the South 
Aimican Museum. Plates Xb. and Xb. cry jectacivecielsieerereteienelenate 467 


J. WATERSTON. 


On Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. Plates XXV. and 
PRONAVUTES sic sic.c, «cigs sisal penlave, nieiaye ioie-senslS oc esr aim © enegasets ela toreaey ete ah oberon R oes 271 


INDEX OF NEW FAMILY AND GENERIC NAMES 
INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME. 


Acorostoma, n. g., Tineidgw (Lepidoptera), Meyr. ...............eseese0e 255 
Adiastylis, n. g., Diastylidee (Sympoda), Stebb. .......... cc cece cece eeceess 148 
Agrammodes, n. g., Geometride (Lepidoptera), Warr. ..........0.ee eens 27 
Anchicolurus, n. g., Colurostylide (Sympoda), Stebb. .............. 0565 176 
Antisolabis, n. g., Labidurida (Dermaptera), Burr. ..............000000s- 5 
Bothayumes Phymatidse)(Rhynchots) Wists. eiier-l-lettelteeicle) eels) lereraia ate 44 
Brachydiastylis, n. g., Diastylidee (Sympoda), Stebb. ............... cece ee 176 
Campsiceras, n. g., Geometride (Lepidoptera), Warr. ...........eee eee 482 
Chlorophytis, n. g., Tineide (Lepidoptera), Meyr. ............ cece ence eens 71 
Dynoides, n. g., Sphxromide (Isopoda), Brnrd. 2... .5......0.00e-eee- wees 407 
Ekdiastylis, n. g., Ekdiastylide, n. f. (Sympoda), Stebb. ...........-2--06- 155 
Hngidotea, n\.e., Idoteide (Isopoda); Brnrds 7.0... ne. 2 ote eee we eicis ele 203 
Huahaness ns e., Lingidide) (RhynchotaDists os 1) eeicneriere ciao 42 
Euonychodes, n. g., Noctuids (Lepidoptera), Warr. ........+.-+ eee ee eens 480 
Hxanthura, n. g., Anthuride (Isopoda), Brnrd. ........-...cceeeeee ee eeee 336a 
Gasterotropis, n. g., Pselaphide (Coleoptera), Raffr. .......... 0-2 +e ee eee 463 
Giebeludey nat, Mallophacary Wiatersta etter vies sels cuieltcieciels oeleleicieelole 290 
Hemilampropide, n. f. (Sympoda), Stebb. .......... 2... eee ween cece eee 143 
Idarcturus, n. g., Astacillide (Isopoda), Brnrd. .......... 6. esses eee eens 430 
Illa, n. g., Geometride (Lepidoptera), Warr............0ss seen cece eee ceeee 487 
Kuphomunna, n. g., Munnide (Isopoda), Brnrd. ........-.. 2 eee eee ee eee 438 
Lipogonia, n. g., Geometridz (Lepidoptera), Warr. ......- ORO Tmi acc. | es 


QI) 


vill Index of New Family and Generic Names. 


PAGE 
Liposchema, n. g., Geometridw (Lepidoptera), Warr... ............eeeeeee- 494 
Lissodes, n.g., Geometridm;(lepidoptera), Warr. .: ce cee ee00 see sie vee 497 
Loxopora, n.'g-, Geometridae (lepidoptera) Warr. «..........2.-+...0+ 220 492 
Machlotricha, n. g., Gelechiade (Lepidoptera), Meyr................0e0e08- 61 
Macrotinactis, n. g., Pterophoride (Lepidoptera), Meyr. .............-+-+- 5d 
Makrokylindrus, n. g., Diastylide (Sympoda), Stebb. .. .. .......s.ee8- 150 
Mesanthura, n.¢.; Anthuridei(isopoda)\Brnrdia.....s5-- 00.2 ses-o6-e at 343a 
Neoarcturus, ms s-,Astacillidger(Isopoda))Brnvdieeesmecmces = l2ne soe «+o ciee 213 
Neovarus; n. g:, Redinide (Rhynchota), Dist. .... 0.205... ...ccecnvecncces 45 
Oannesinae., Cored 21 (hy nchota) heb istemmerteetrer rier itieiiie sieiesrele sie 7 re 39 
Parisocladus, n. g., Spheromide (Isopoda), Brnrd...............-.eceesees 398 
Perusiopsis, n. g., Geometride (Lepidoptera), Warr. ................0.206: 493 
Picrospora, n.(¢., Lineids (uepidoptera); Meyr se sicererccce ees. +6 5:6 69 
Platytyphlops, n. g., Lampropide (Sympoda), Stebb. ............00eeeeee 159 
Plexippica, n. g., Hyponomeutide (Lepidoptera), Meyr. ...............06- 67 
Pontogeloides, n. g., Hurydicide (Isopoda), Brnrd...................00000- 355a 
Procampylaspide, nt. (Sympoda),iSiebbu siacemeireeii eerie sie 5 41 167 
Prosomphax, n. g., Geometride (Lepidoptera), Warr. ..............--0ee- 20 
Rhodesia; n.(¢:, bygwide (Rhynchota), Dist> sees cities el- ccie + - 41 
Rhodotarache, n. g., Noctuide (Lepidoptera), Warr. .................+505- 478 
Spheramene, n. g., Spheromide (Isopoda), Brnrd. ................0e eens 405 
Stenoptilotis, n. g., Geometride (Lepidoptera), Warr. ...........-.e02000- 498 
Stenotyphlops, n. g., Lampropide (Sympoda), Stebb. .................0.. 162 
Sympodomma, n. g., Sympodommatide, n. f. (Sympoda), Stebb. .......... 138 
Thyestarcha, n. g., Hyponomeutide (Lepidoptera), Meyr. ................ 64 
Thymosopha, n. g., Gelechiade (Lepidoptera), Meyr...............-.eeeee. 244 


DATE OF TISSUE “OP THE PARTS. 


Part 1, June 15th, 1911. 

Part 2, November 23rd, 1911. 
Part 3, May 23rd, 1912. 

Part 4, December 12th, 1912. 
Part 5, December 12th, 1912. 
Part 6, May 30th, 1913. 

Part 7, February 19th, 1914. 
Part 8, May 7th, 1914. 

Part 9, July 10th, 1914. 

Part 10, May 30th, 1914. 
Part 11, September 24th, 1914. 
Part 12, August 14th, 1914. 


is) OR Biwi: 


PLATE 


I. Bathycuma natalensis, n. sp. 
Il. Sympodomma africanus, n. g. et sp. 


ut! Bodotria montagui, n. sp. 
Bodotria australis, n. sp. 


IV. Hemilamprops pellucidus, Zimmer. 


V. Adiastylis acanthodes, n. g. et sp. 
WAL aaa sacili 
Makrokylindrus fragilis, n. g. et sp. 


VIII. Leptostylis macruroides, n. sp. 


IX. Leucon kalluropus, n. sp. 


XI 1 Platytyphlops peringueyi, n. g. et sp. 
XII. Stenotyphlops spinulosus, n. g. et sp. 
XIII. Schizotrema calmani, n. sp. 
XIV. Procampylaspis tridentatus, n. sp. 
XV. Campylaspis ovalis, n. sp. 


XVI. Campylaspis peneglaber, n. sp. 


Gnathia africanus, n. sp. 


Tanais spongicola, n. sp. 
XVII. 
Engidotea lobatus (Miers), n. g. 


Synidotea setifer, n. sp. 
XVIII... Antareturus kladophoros, Stebb. 
| Neoarcturus oudops, n. g. et sp. 


Arcturopsis hirsutus, n. sp. 
Neoarcturus oudops, n. g. et sp. 


List of Plates. 


( Stenetrium crassimanus, n. sp. 
Janira capensis, n. sp. 

( Jeropsis curvicornis (Nicolet). 

{ Ianiropsis palpalis, n. sp. 

( Munnopsurus mimus, n. sp. 


XXII. Zonophryxus quinquedens, n. sp. 
XXIV. | Phreatoicus capensis, n. sp. 


Lipeurus acutifrons, Rudow. 
Nirmus macrocephalus, n. sp. 
Nirmus hiaticule, D. 
-yy _.) Nirmus opacus, Kell. d& Chap. 
so. Giebelia hexakon, n. sp. 
Giebelia mirabilis, Kell. 
Mackayia heteracanthus, Waterst. 
Mackayia dimorpha, Waterst. 


Giebelia hexakon, n. sp. 

Giebelia mirabilis, Kell. 
| Mackayia heteracanthus, Waterst. 
_ Mackayia dimorpha, Waterst. 


| Apseudes avicularia, n. sp. 
XXVIL- Apseudes deltoides, n. sp. 
Tanais annectens, n. sp. 

Cyathura estuarius, n. sp. 


—_— 


Exanthura macrura, n. g. et sp. 


XXvuL.4 Anthelura remipes, n. sp. 
Apanthura africana, n. sp. 
Apanthura dubia, n. sp. 


Mesanthura catenula (Stimpson), n. g. 
Leptanthura faurei, n. sp. 
Paranthura punctata (Stimpson). 


XXIX. 


| Cirolana undulata, n. sp. 
7 Cirolana vicina, n. sp. 
XXX. : 
| Pontogeloides latipes, n. g. et sp. 
Corallana africana, n. sp. 


Lanocira capensis, n. sp. 

Aga monophthalma, Johnston. 
/Aiga monilis, n. sp. 

Rocinela granulosa, n. sp. 


XXXI. 


PLATE 


XXXII. 


XXXIV. 


XXXV. 


XXXVI. 


XXXVII. 


XXXVIII. 


XXXIX. 


List of Plates. xl 


| Aiga urotoma, nN. sp. 


| 
| 
| 
: 
: 


—— 


—_— 


Exospheroma brevitelson, n. sp. 
Exospheroma varicolor, n. sp. 
Exospheroma kraussi, Tatters. 
Exospheroma porrectum, n. sp. 
Exospheroma planum, n. sp. 
Parisocladus stimpsoni (Heller), n. g. 
Parisocladus perforatus (7. Hdw.). 
Cilicea latreillei, Leach. 


Spheramene polytylotos, n. g. et sp. 
Isocladus tristensis (Leach). 
Cymodoce valida (Stebbing) . 
Cymodoce comans, n. sp. 

Cymodoce acanthiger, n. sp. 
Cymodoce africana, n. sp. 


Cymodoce falcata, n. sp. 
Cymodoce unguiculata, n. sp. 
Cymodoce umbonata, n. sp. 
Paracilicea mossambicus, nN. sp. 
Dynamenella dioxus, n. sp. 
Dynoides serratisinus, n. g. et sp. 


Dynamenella scabricula (Heller). 
Dynamenella kraussi, n. sp. 
Dynamenella macrocephala (Krauss). 
Dynamenella ovalis, n. sp. 
Dynamenella australis, Richardson. 


Dynamenella bicolor, n. sp. 
Cymodocella sublevis, n. sp. 
Cymodocella pustulata, n. sp. 
Paridotea reticulata, n. sp. 
Paridotea ungulata (Pallas). 
Paridotea fucicola, n. sp. 


Paridotea rubra, n. sp. 

Idarcturus platysoma, n. g. et sp. 

Iais pubescens (Dana). 

Rocinela orientalis, Sch. d& Mein. 

Gnathia africanus, Brnrd. 

Cirolana venusticauda, Stebb. var. simplex, n. 


Jera serrata, n. sp. 
Janira exstans, n. sp. 


Kuphomunna rostrata, n. g. et sp. 


Nebalia capensis, n. sp. 


X1l 


XLI. 


Inst of Plates. 


Euxoa sordida, n. sp. 

Kuxoa contingens, n. sp. 
Khizotype palliata, n. sp. 
Centrarthra fulvinotata, n. sp. 
Centrarthra argentea, n. sp. 
Centrarthra albiapicata, n. sp. 
Centrarthra brunnea, n. sp. 
Centrarthra pallescens, n. sp. 
Centrarthra fulvitincta, n. sp. 
Centrarthra ossicolor, n. sp. 
Centrarthra cretacea, n. sp. 
Thalatha varicolor, n. sp. 
Iambia brunnea, n. sp. 
Euonychodes albivenata, n. g. et sp. 
Plecopterodes deprivata, n. sp. 
Kutelia fulvigrisea, n. sp. 
Rhodotarache roseofusca, n. g. et sp. 
Acrapex tristrigata, n. sp. 
Naarda ovaliplaga, n. sp. 
Ozarba regia, n. sp. 

Ozarba illimitata, n. sp. 
Penisa albigrisea, n. sp. 
Chusaris venata, n. sp. 


Catascia approximans, n. sp. 
Catascia renitens, n. sp. 
Idiotephra simplex, n. sp. 
Petrodava atrisignata, n. sp. 

Illa nefanda, n. g. et sp. 

Procypha lactesignata, n. sp. 
Loxopora dentilineata, n. g. et sp. 
Tephrina confertaria, n. sp. 
Liposchema bifasciata, n. g. et sp. 
Perusiopsis veninotata, n. g. et sp. 
Myrioblephara decisa, n. sp. 
Perizoma eviscerata, n. sp. 
Sterrha fulvilinea, n. sp. 
Zamarada metallicata, n. sp. 
Constantia pallidicarnea, n. sp. 
Constantia grisescens, n. sp. 
Platytes auriplumbea, n. sp. 
Ematheudes quinquepunctella, n. sp. 
Bostra carnicolor, n. sp. 

Bostra flavicostalis, n. sp. 
Homeosoma angulilinea, n. sp. 
Brephia incongruella, n. sp. 
Heterographis albipunctella, n. sp. 
Pyralis dentibasalis, n. sp. 
Ancylosis inangulella, n. sp. 
Gorgopis plurimaculata, n. sp. 
Gorgopis albiplumis, n. sp. 
Gorgopis olivaceonotata, n. sp. 
Gorgopis intervallata, n. sp. 


INDEX OF GENERA. 


N.B.-—Pages 325 to 358 having been unfortunately duplicated, the second 
appearance of these thirty-four pages (only) is indicated by an ‘‘a”’ after each 


page number. 


A. 

PAGE 
AMcorostoma, Meyt. 2.21. sais « « 255 
INCU DOXAUELIMDS Tis. lyeieisiecreieieyslsteneis 471 
Adenophlebia, Fat. ............ 180 
AG erty, AWE es osnosocsacouanace 454 | 
INGIBSTYIISS IStEOU. Wom. scm cles a os 148 
AGO MB LGCQCID ins sielsin cieiste aistelerencievel 361 
INO CISTISS OELLD: ccs cc sycye ele cieketsiersic sels 55 
Agrammodes, Warr. ........-- 27, 496 
INNS, (Chie gu sence 00660 o00u00n 25 
INainitaey OUT oooeaneocd OO8e 71, 255 
An ChicOluruss StC0D. «sci 0 6 176 
Aneistrona, Westw. .........00. 315 
IATIGVLOSISpeELUcuretelciels\stsie oie exerci roa Gv 
Antarcturus, zur Strass. ........ 212 
Anthelura, Norm. d: Stebb. ...... 338a 
IAntiSOla@bISsB Uni. <i slec~ oc soe e 5 
Apachyuss Senvtlles nsiccs--.-o0ss 2 
Apanthuray Stevo. circ siete vec « 340a 
IAPSCUCES PIFCACH serie store «)cic1s|e/elerare 327a 
IAP LCLOR YMA ele CEN ete ots! ele \erolerelsrelere 351 
ApptenyerdanVies tile mcretastle -ialers)s 14 
IATGHUTOPSIS Pe AOCIU mmelcletoicieccie steele 207 
INYORIQU JOM, coagoooDeoDOOOUe 206 
ATS YTOPlOCes VED eae s)sie1e e/iele ele 243 
Atalophlebia, Hat. ..........-- 179 
Augasma, EHern-Scels ac... - +0 68 
eas WAGES Gocco coosagen ad 27, 496 

B. 

Barymutilla, Andr. .......... 325, 350 
Bathycuma, Hansen ............ 135 
Bodotria, Goodstt o.).6 s6 eres 140 
Borkhausenias Libs rerccierclosierciets 247 
Bormansia, Verhoeff............. 2 
BOS ETA IU Tra cet tolelotelel tokerereterals 29, 503 
ono, J, aoenueodooodn0o008 44 
Brachmia, Hub. cca. -011- oeleeene 245 


PAGE 
Brachydiastylis, Stebb. .......... 176 
Brephia piHeuven aaeemece eerie 501 

C. 
Cadiceray Wacgiamaceiecmeciae cet 453 
Campsicerass anne cine se cies 482 
Camptocladius, v. d. Wulp..... 261 
i CampylaspissySQ7sa uae <clele reer 171 
Carposinay Herr-Sclin cies. ceisee 55 
Catascias dei wecescie erect 491 
Centrarthra, Hmpsn.......+..... 471 
Centroptilumy, Wat.) 1)-reieeaeiele 182 
Ceratocuma, Calman............ 142 
Ceromitian Zeus wees seein cise 72, 256 
Cheinidiumiere ee eee ceiocier 86, 104 
Chelaniaspiaiseapmeiiescerctr eres 246 
Chelidurella, Verhoef. .......... 13 
Chelifersc staan oce oeciee een 78, 90 
Chimarrhas Guntaecseeie eee 189 
ChironomussiWeig.y a. acme eee.: 263 
Chlorerythra, Warne... eles 495 
Chlorophytis, Meyr. ............ 71 
Chioropsycleyrrra-ereri tte 191 
Chrysopsy eigmeriecieciecrtecletrste 454 
Chthoniusyeenteocs naar oiocieere 88, 120 
Chusarisy Wilks asversteiesieiclelsciererer 482 
(Onli JOYA. Sooocabooun ldouC 396 
Cingliss Guensaaences sees 21 
Cirolanay THeachie erie ielerereereerise 351a 
CloéonWSamiatsnccco cet sone 184 
CoesyrasWeyiin vataccc-tele el aencre 64, 247 
Coleophora Hz nae oerte cee: 68 
Colpocephalum, Nitzsch........ 315 
Constantia, Rageerceeecce ee: 504 
CorvallanaaDondaaneereri cence D Ook 
Corizoneura, Rond. %.......... 449 
Cosmopleryx; Hib. cence ce 63 
Ctenisolabis, Verhoef. .......... 4 
Ctenocephalus, Kolen. .......... 274 


XIV 
PAGE 
Cyathura, Norm. & Stebb. so60 Soe 
Cymodoces each se ee aia 386 
Cymodocellaveh fencer 421 
1D): 
Masylabris; #adoz. sacrl-rscelctees 329 
Dasylabroides, Andr.......-. 325, 326 
Wepressaria, 1a20> 2 ciyee foie “o> 249 
IDMEINMNET Gb -couccguoccdocc0d 147 
Dicrana Buti veciee cieiisiseceesiele 2 
Dicrofendipes, Kvejfz qe. 1-1-1 +) <1 262 
Dinopsyllus, Jord. & Roths. 274 
Docophorus, Nvtzsclia | cletctesci-)-1- 280 
Dynamenella, Hansen .......... 410 
Dymoides ys 17nd ae yerlajere sa clei 407 
IDWo, Jeo, aooconacobason -. 492 
K. 
IDO ATE, J8is SocondeotoKDeace 185 
Echidnophaga, Westw........... 273 
Echinosoma, Serville .......... 3) 
Hilkcdiasty lis SteUO rrclale)ojelterolsjarore 155 
Hilassoneutiay eidtaes sete: aereieiee 177 
Hlaunon, eB Uinaectetiecie crete even 16 
HMimatheudes, Zeller -tciette oteeieeree 500 
Diemowlhgs JEM Gooaeaduoaon cans 484 
Engidotea, Brnrd........000..6. 203 
ite pris E110. lefeleretelsereicrorelel i 22 
IOWA, I> cocoscoodoaoooKc 193 
Hpichorista, Meyr. 2.68 .. 06. o 243 
Epiphractis, Meyr. .......... 66, 252 
Hpithectis; Mey. cic. icles +s 244 
Hsphalmenus; (Bunn... 0 se «ei - 
TA MANES. PD) USCs aero cleere ee cterietets 
IHW COSINA EL ILD oles ololelelslerelevoiotsletelat= 57 
Dinca, WGP sosooconobaccaGc 497 
Euonychodes, Warr............. 480 
IDjuIM IE, JOU as Coo GaUdo0d00C 350a 
Eurymetopus, Taschenb. ........ 299 
IDE, JEW aococasasbObUGUGKC 479 
Ion Jekhs GoogonsbdoobaDoGbG 468 
lOpehoiiowbds, JEVAV RG nacgoooopnaT 336a 
Exosphseroma, Stebb. .......... 374 
ie 
OIG, ads se.eiGcate a tole caf otene elewsitote 86, 104 
Forcipomyia, Megerle .......... 268 
OTAGULAS) 7110s tetere< ieloeletecieretets 16 
G. 
CEIAAOUOWS obo aaacosdodocadccd 87, 114 
CmaTS oncoocodemnapod0 uaos 86, 105 
Gasterotropis, Rajr.....-2.....5 463 


Index of Genera. 


PAGE 
welechia, Hib. ......-.- Sie COL 
Creel, QI, so0conboo060000C 291 
CuiieiGole,, WY, cocoocceeno0KcKe 313 
Ci pons, CAs aooanod0c050 00 505 
Gnathiasecacimertcieieicte ete 201, 333a 
Gnorimoschema, Busck. .....+-- 61 
Gonilocotes; Bins, sa. o- elelcle ore 289 
GonlodessyNiizscliscecc -1sleiererele 290 
(Copa, JFWOs codocoacgaeaccuc 506 
Gymnogramma, Zell. .........-. 66 
Gyropus se N2izsclimrsiterlielclci- = eraels 313 

18k, 
Hematopota, Meig. ............ 459 
lalate, AUK gacc000d0b000000 72 
Hemilamprops, Zimm. ........6. 144 
Heterographis, Rag. ............ 502 
| *Elexapeniay WW7alsSi ec. «elects eielel> 179 
Eines eA dams eee be 455 
EVolotrichiusy Bunnie eccentric 47 
Homeosoma, Cut. celeritete 502 
| Hybophthirius, Enderl. ........ 278 
Elvdropsychelcrcmierricrenectecrerrsisters 191 
| Ely dropsychodes! vy-rmicrisitterter 191 
| Hyponomeuta, Latr....-...... 66, 251 
Hypsimetopus, Sayce .......... 232 
Jakyepirent, Veins Sooogncaacoced 16 

i 
| Weis. BD Orall. | seeaeeioiccsre cioiece aialere 435 
Wamibias WiUisnctererterccie sie eeusiea 470 
WENA I Ns casaodpodbooG7 221 
Nd arctUris.» Dinter eielsieiels clerelneis 430 
Ld eobisrumiyere melee cies eleilere 88, 117 
Wdioteplwasy WVannamstnecrerter ecclerste 490 
dota, abs freteleala. oc.s ra teve aeotsete 203 
Ds, Warr icc creas: sis sha aieroeeierere 487 
lito. Nal, G2 JGitis saoobocb DOK 372 
Nsocladus;wigensy: «em. cclteciereiee 384 
lis) Ws OonnodHooacenc 65, 251 
Tsolophaseempsns .sicie sleielcdcleyeretels 28 

| J. 
| FLA TLCACH  sacaiavevatersve ataeversveete) sie 433 
JHYOpSis, KOehls eevee teres 224 
Vania, Weache cence 219, 436 

K. 
| Kuphomunna, Brnrd. .......... 438 


Index of 


L. 
PAGE 
WADIA CACUs eis. oie ss cic ecisie see occ 7 
MWADIGUNAPISEACR s.0ccccccscece 4 
Lemobothrium, Nitzsch. ........ 316 
MANOCIVA, ELANSEN .. 0. 5..0c0cc0 359 
Jheptanthura, Sars. ............ 345a 
JLGHICNGIG, 55 soopooRUOoaDeO bese 191 
THepuostylisy SATS. .........0+.s 152 
WREUCOMMPKMOY EN ols oie os cle see vss 156 
Linognathus, Enderl. .......... 275 
Tnipeurusy Netzsch. ........000565 306 
TiiPOLOMIAMV ANT. 2.66.00 .0-00- 24 
Inposchemar Warr. ......0....- 494 
TG SSOMESMBHOMIN os 2c oss 5 cece 497 
WIEHOSTEPEPELUD. 2. esos ccc ce 23 
THOXOPOTa WATT. 20. 602s.---0 492 
LVR copacoppopooosuoodE 42 
M. 
Machlotricha, Mfeyr. ..--.......-. 61 
Mackayia, Waterst. ....-..--... 292 
Macrotinactis, Meyr............. 55 
Makrokylindrus, Stebb. ........ 150 
IMCCIMGAM GILT sje eters so) -s-ois'e ores: 39 
Megacraspedus, Zell. .......... 60 
IMGIASINI AME DOUG. ies coi « ose ns 06 252 
Menopony Niizsch.....6...+-..<. 313 
NMesantMUnaw DUNG. .ecie cs «sess 343a 
Mesochelidura, Verhoeff. ........ 9 
Wie throcaeli atten erenciole rs cieie eis'e.cis 6 6 355 
Munnopsurus, Richardson ...... 225 
Wilwimll, JGUHOS SooosOee node none 336 
Myrioblephara, Warr. ........ 25, 488 
Myrmilla, Wesm. 326, 332 
MiyrmiOGhermeSiice..a.- +. + -> +s. 8d 
N. 
Naarday VWiURireiaeileclers s.< 3 <0 ies 3s 481 
NAICS YAHOO so cosn ba00 SUOOCb Oe 4 
Nebaliay cacmemmreeter.. 2 4... « 443 
Nemoptera; latrines... +... -- 36 
INCOaArCcturus) bimini cies + ol 213 
INeorarus; 27s taaeeineicinc.s 26 << 45 
INerocila,, eachweemereeerrries) . «- 371 
Nirmus, Nitzsch ome es... 283 
O. 
Oannesy Dist: 1st 39 
Ochyriay Hill.” eee. 22 
Ocystolay Mey... sree «= 247 
Odites;|\Walsi.. sacceeeceonee: 62, 250 
Odontomutilla, Andr. .......... 346 
Olpium. i sec5 5 wears ceuerattorerler 87, 116 
Ozarba, Walle 2. arraetreices > 477 


Genera. XV 
1D 
PAGE 
Paleaspilates, Warr. .......... 484 
Pal pares Rabe. aetacietercietstictans 31 
Paltodoran Meir series 59 
Pangonia,, Tati: s.crerriacttcler 447 
Paracilicssa., Stepbnecysctscrseisiotterrs 397 
Raraclumios Kaefias certo srt 249 
Paranthura, Bate & Westw. 347a 
ParidoteaSteuvs. scree eeeier 424 
Parisocladus, Brides 2s <i sles 398 
Pelopia; Meigs 5 sevsescrereseutrers 268 
Penisa, Watitiias asceeecm meer 477 
Reridela Wann scneee ccs 26 
Periz oma, webs pecker telterseree 485 
Berusiopsiss Varina sete tetel here 493 
Petrodaran Willow eerie criertoceicte 490 
Philobotha; Meynatcr taco roe 248 
Phreatoicoides, Sayce ..........- 232 
Phreatoicopsis, Sp. @ Hall...... 232 
Phreatoicus, Chilton ........ 56 231 
Phthorimwa, Meyr. ...........- 245 
Picrania, Bunisaecceometero 0 2 
Picrospoya, Mega crrtteieereelelers 69 
Piratess Sent evarcndere celeritete 48 
Platyptilia, Hiib. See 54 
Platy tes; Guenter crpotrcetel tals 499 
| Platytyphlops, Stebb. 9 ~</-ij-11)- «1 159 
| Plecopterodes, Hmpsn. .........- 481 
Pleuroprion, zur Strass. ........ 216 
Plexippicay Mer iar ctettetsters nell re 67 
Polymuilareys, Hat) Vy.ceeele)eleleye 178 
Polymorphaniscusi errr 191 
Rolyplaxj Hidenlercctlciks rtortnele 274 
Pontogeloides, Brnrd. . 355a 
Prasimocyimn a. Waniseltetreyerdrensttate 21 
Procampylaspis, Bonn. ... 167 
IBAA MGs oobonoG0G0 06 495 
Prosomphax,) VWainemecccisci cect 20 
Protomacronemmae:.isispierstecreiervers 191 
) Pseudochiridiumsy-ryeteepre terete 86 
Pseudurgis, Wepre wee terlerceier 70, 254 
Pulex,, Finis 2 tae coerce 273 
By ralish enya trctetclertelkerertetrers 502 
R. 
Rhinomyza, Wied. ............ 451 
Rhizotype, Hmpsn. ..... OCB 469 
Rhodesian Dists acimjemiectesicisiers cee 41 
Rhodotarache, Warr. ........0. 478 
Rocincl as medclie cameron acces 368 
S. 
SanazariucaeD7stameeeieeeeeio ce 43 
Sapheneutis, Meyr. ............ 70 
Schizotrema, Calman .......... 165 
Scythris, Hiib. ..... Roorkee A 63, 246 
SEAR Ne, JEN, Soscsuonsouens 68 


XV1 Index of 
PAGE 
Serromiyia, WMegerle ov..:..4-e0° 268 | 
SHAME WGI es co ooagdabucuns ode 92h! 
Spheramene, Brnrd............. 405 
Sphingolabis, Bormans.......... 8 
Stemesninm, velasine aerertcleie te iets 217 
Stenomutilla, And7. ........ 3, BB 
Stenoptilotis; Warn ..0..-2- se) 298 
Stenotyphlops, Stebb. .......... 162 
Sinsreadoryy Jala sono oSdocunoooscos 483 
Sympodomma, Stebb. .......... 138 
SAUER, JEW o 5560000 G00Kgg0K0dG0 484 
Synidotea, Hargen 205 
Th 
Walia, JGMile scoscspcaoooba cc 455 
Tanais, And. d M. Edw. .... 198, 33la 
Me pharm a EL iiOseyaletal ol etotoh el stelsi ovate 489 
Mephrinopsisy, Warts eck ieee 489 
MMO ERO Caos houec 467 
Mhyestarchay Mey. 11s els sin tats 64 
Thymosopha, Meyr. 2.64. 244 | 


(ener. 


th, eSNG Bi TERI | eerste ace caves Se 


Mortrix elias os nan deer 
Mri sen OGOSw ae teheres. Sretels o.2's 2 lee 
TrichoptilusWViailss tt. s+ sence 
(Ln ConythUWS we aitamersiee cele ae ieee 
nim alitisse Leryn wee eile ae aetelete 


Wictoria. WWiannmeaemien on eee 


KMylorycta Meiers +. 
MVLOSATIS, Weir. witeetetkereteate + +. 


Zamarada, Woon) esse ee ates 
Zonophryxus, Richardson ...... 


PAGE 
69 
56 

191 
53. 
181 
58 


ig 


250 


ANNALS 


SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. 
(Vou. X.) 


1.—On some South African Dermaptera (Harwigs) in the South 
African Museum, Cape Town.—By Maucoum Burr, D.8c., 
IR /ASSs JUGIDES Ey ddldmery date ash 


Dr. Lours PErinauey, of the South African Museum, Cape Town, 
has kindly communicated to me a small box of earwigs from South 
Africa. The collection contains twenty-two species, of which seven 
are new. If we exclude three from Rhodesia, there remain seven 
new out of nineteen from South Africa alone. This is a very high 
proportion, and should be an incentive to further collecting in a 
district which has not yet been worked for Dermaptera. And out of 
the nineteen known species, two were sent to Europe by Mr. 
Péringuey some years ago, and described by de Bormans, which 
have not been taken since, and, logically speaking, belong to the 
same collection. 

It is noteworthy that of the new species one is referred to 
Apterygida, Westw., which, as now reduced, contains only its type, 
the common Mid-Huropean A. albipennis, Meg. One is referred to 
Chelidurella and two others to Mesochelidura, at least until this 
group is rearranged, and both these are essentially Palearctic 
genera. 

A new genus is required for the two new Brachylabine, a curious — 
and interesting group, represented by isolated species throughout 
the tropical world. 

Of the two described by de Bormans, one is also referred to 
Mesochelidura, but the other to Hsphalmenus, a genus which is 

ik 


2 Annals of the South African Museum. 


otherwise only represented in South America from Patagonia to 
Keuador. 

It is exceedingly probable that if earwigs are systematically 
collected in South Africa a number of further new species will be 
discovered, and I shall be most grateful to any naturalists, especially 
those who live in or near mountainous districts, who will save and 
send me any earwigs that they come across. They will be 
encouraged by the probability of discovering species new to science. 


Famity APACHYID-E. 
Gren. APACHYUS, Serville. 


1. A. MuRRAYI, Dohrn, var. REICHARDI, Karsch. 
Apachya murrayt, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit., xxiv., p. 44 (1863). 
Apachya reichardi, Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeit., xxx., p. 85 (1886). 
Beira: 1 g, P. A. Sheppard, 1905. 
This species is widely distributed throughout Central Africa. 


Faminry PYGIDICRANIDZ-. 


Gen. DICRANA, Burr. 
i Sp. mW: 


Cape Colony: Port St. John, 1 ¢. 
This is a short-winged form, probably new, but I am unable to 
describe it without the male. 


Gren. PICRANIA, Burr. 

1. P. uirurata, Stal. 

Forficesila liturata, Stal, Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forh., xii., p. 347 (1855). 

Natal: Eshowe, 1887, 1 ¢?. 

Cape Colony: Touw’s River, W. J. Purcell, 1 larva. 

This species is rare in collections and museums; it is restricted 
to South Africa, as the one in the Paris Museum recorded by me 
under this name from Diego Suarez is probably distinct. 


Famity KARSCHIELLIDE. 
Gen. BORMANSIA, Verhoeff. 


1. B. MEeRipronauis, Burr. 
Bormansia meridionalis, Burr, apud Distant, Insecta Trans- 
vaalensia, Appendix. Orth., part v., p. 97, fig. 13 (1904). 


On some South African Dermaptera (Harwigs). 3 


Southern Rhodesia: Insiza, 1 3. 


Hitherto only known from the type, from Zoutpansberg, now in 
the British Museum. 


Famity LABIDURID. 
Sus-Famiry ECHINOSOMATINA. 


Grn. ECHINOSOMA, Serville. 
1. E. WAHLBERGI, Dohrn. 


Echinosoma wahlbergi, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit., xxiv., p. 64 (1863). 
Natali Durban, Ie. 


Cape Colony : Cape Town, 2 larvee, L. Péringuey, 1887. 
A species widely distributed throughout Africa. 


Sup-Faminty ESPHALMENIN. 


Gren. ESPHALMENUS, Burr. 


Fic. 1.—(a) E. péringueyi; (b) forceps ¢ ; (c) forceps, side view ; 
(d) tarsus, side view. 


. E. pERINGUEYI, Borm. (Fig. 1, a-d). 
Gondlabis peringueyi, Bormans, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2), xx. 
p. 461 (1900). 


| Annals of the South African Museum. 


Cape Colony : Cape Town, 2 Nieuwoudtville, 2 ¢; Caledon, 1 3, 
June, 1887, L. Péringuey ; Dunbrody, 1 3. 


Hitherto only known from de Bormans’ type and syntypes, from 
Caledon, Cape Colony. 


Sus-Famity LABIDURINZE. 


Gen. LABIDURA, Leach. 
1. L. riparia, Pall. 
Forficula riparia, Pallas, Reise russ., ii., Anhang., p. 727 (1773). 
Recorded from numerous places in Cape Colony, Orange River 
Colony, Transvaal, and Rhodesia. 
A cosmopolitan species. 


Gren. NALA, Zacher. 
1. N. uiviprees, Duf. 
Forficula lividipes, Dufour, Ann. Sci. Nat., xiii, p. 340 
(1828). 

Echinosoma obscurum \ Kirby, Ins. Transvaalensia, Orth., p. 12 
Labidura indistincta § (1900). 

Bechuanaland: Vryburg, 2 3,5 9, Jones, 1904. 

Found throughout the Old World. South African specimens of 


this species were described by Kirby under the names of Hchinosoma 
obscurum and Labidura wndistincta. 


Susp-Faminy BRACHYLABINE-E. 


Gen. CTENISOLABIS, Verhoeff. 

1. C. tocoErnsis, Verhoeff. 

C. togoensis, Verhoeff, 8S. B. ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, No. 1, p. 14 

(1901). 

Cape Colony: Dunbrody, 3 ?, 1 larva. 

These specimens are undoubtedly referable to Ctenisolabis, and 
I refer them provisionally to the only known African species, C. 
togoensis. But these small, rare, apterous earwigs are probably 
restricted in distribution, and it is very likely that these specimens 
from Cape Colony are distinct from Verhoeff’s species from Togo. 
But it is impossible to draw good specific distinctions from Verhoeff’s 
description alone, and a careful comparison of authentic specimens 
is necessary in order to establish the identity or distinction. 


On some South African Dermaptera (Earwigs). 3) 


ANTISOLABIS, n. g. 


Oculi parvi, anteriores; elytra omnino desunt ; mesonotum haud 
carinatum ; antenne segmentis sat longis, haud globularibus. 

Entirely apterous; eyes small, normal; mesonotum not keeled ; 
antenn with segments relatively long, cylindrical, not globular. 

This genus stands in the same relation to. Nannisolabis that 
Isolabis stands to Leptisolabis ; it agrees in the non-keeled meso- 
notum, but differs in the relatively long and cylindrical antennal 
segments. 

Type: A. myrmecoides, Burr. 


ANTISOLABIS MYRMECOIDES, Sp. 0. 
Fig. 2, a-c. 
Parva, atra; antenne segmentis 15, cylindricis ; pronotum trans- 


versum, postice paullo ampliatum; thorax linea media rufa 
ornatus; caput nitidum; abdomen innitidum. 


Fig. 2.—(a) A. myrmecoides ¢ ; (b) antenna; (c) head 
and thorax. 


Long. corporis: g¢,5°9 mm.; ¢, 6-6°5 mm. 
Long. forcipis: ¢,5mm.; 2,5 mm. 


Small, black, with a fine pale pubescence. 

Antenne black, with 15 segments, all relatively long, cylindrical, 
not globular, fourth nearly as long as the third, which is about as 
long as the first, the fifth equal to the third. 


6 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Head tumid, not pubescent, smooth, shining black; sutures 
obsolete ; eyes small, anterior. 

Pronotum sub-rectangular, a little broader than long, and gently 
widened posteriorly, the posterior angles rounded; black, with a 
median thin rufous line. 

Mesonotum not keeled, rectangular, as also the— 

Metanotum, which is feebly concave, with the median rufous line 
continued from the pronotum. 

Legs black, the joints and tarsi yellowish; femora rather thick ; 
tarsi slender and long, first and third segments equal, the second 
longer than broad, 

Abdomen sub-parallel in the ¢, gently dilated in the g, dull 
black. 

Forceps cylindrical, thick at the base and rapidly attenuate, gently 
curved, more strongly in the g than in the ?, sub-contiguous in 
the g, contiguous in the ¢. 

Cape Colony: Caledon, 2 3,6 9. 

This black little species has a superficial resemblance to an ant. 
The dull black body, with median rufous line on the thoracic plates, 
and the smooth shining jet-black head, make it easily recognisable. 


-ANTISOLABIS SULCATIPES, sp. n. 
Fig. 3, a-d. 

Statura majore ; colore fusco-brunneo ; corpus subleve, minutis- 
sime punctulatum ; pronotum longius quam latius, postice amphatum ; 
pedes longi; tibize utrinque sulcate; tarsi segmento tertio quam 
primum breviori, quam secundum vix breviori. 


Long. corporis: 2, 12 mm. 
Long. forcipis: 9, 2mm. 


Size relatively large, general colour dull, dark brown, body nearly 
smooth, very finely punctulate. 

Antenne with 15 segments, cylindrical and relatively long, fourth 
longer than broad; the apical segments passing to ovate; brown, 
the apical three or four whitish. 

Head smooth; sutures obsolete; eyes normal. 

Pronotum longer than broad, gently widened posteriorly, the 
posterior angles rounded, sides strongly reflexed. 

Mesonotum smooth, not keeled. 

Metanotum similar, concave posteriorly. 

Legs long and slender, the tibiae compressed, with a narrow longi- 


On some South African Dermaptera (Harwiqs). a 


tudinal shallow furrow or suleus down each side; tarsi long and 
slender, the third segment about one-third and shorter than the first, 
the second more than half as long as the third. 


Fic. 3.—(a) A. suleatipes ¢ ; (b) leg; (c) antenna; (d) head and thorax. 


Abdomen smooth, brown. 

Forceps typical, but rather long and slender. 

Cape Colony: Cape Town, 1 2. 

This is so well marked a species that I describe it on a single 
female, as in this group there is but little difference between the 
sexes. 

It is well characterised, among other things, by the furrow on the 
tibize. 

Faminry LABIIDZ. 


Gen. LABIA, Leach. 
1. L. minor, Linn. 


Forficula minor, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. x., 1., p. 423 (1758). 


8 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Cape Colony: Stellenbosch, 3 3, 5 9, November, 1887, L. 
Péringuey. 
A native of the Palearctic Region. This species is found in Africa 
from Somaliland to the Congo and Cape Colony; it is now firmly 
established in North America. 


2. Li. MARGINALIS, Thunb. 
. Forficula marginalis, Thunberg, Acta Soc. Upsal, ix., p. 52 (1827). 
Transvaal: Pietersburg, Shilouvane, 1 ? . 
Delagoa Bay: 1 9, L. De Coster, 1889. 
Widely distributed throughout Africa. 


Gren. SPHINGOLABIS, Bormans. 
1. S. VILLICA, sp. n. 
Hig. 4, a—b. 


Statura sat forti; caput et pronotum fulvo-rufa; elytra aleeque 
nigre, abdomen nigrum, pedes flavi; pygidium acuminatum ; for- 
cipis bracchia g valida, elongata ac depressa, ante apicem dente 
forti armata. 

Long. corporis: g, 7-5 mm. 
Long. forcipis: 3g, 2°5 mm. 

Size medium. 

Antenne with 13 segments, pyriform or sub-conical, the third 
quite short, the fourth and fifth each quite as long as, or longer than, 
the third, dark brown. 

Head brick-red, rather broad, tumid posteriorly, and somewhat 
excavate posteriorly ; eyes small, black. 

Pronotum orange-yellow, as broad as long, anterior margin gently 
convex, sides straight, posterior margin rounded, flat. 

Elytra and wings ample, black, finely punctulate, with a dense 
close pubescence. 

Legs yellow, the femora black at the base ; tarsi slender, first and 
third segments equally long and slender ; femora rather thick. 

Abdomen parallel-sided, passing from black at the base to deep 
red near the apex, covered with long reddish bristles. 

Last dorsal segment transverse, rectangular, with a feeble depres- 
sion in the middle of the posterior margin, and a faint tumid elevation 
on each side of it. 

Forceps with the branches in the ¢ remote at the base, stout and 
rather broad, elongate, and nearly straight, depressed and sulculate 


On some South African Dermaptera (EHarwigs). sy] 


above from base to apex; on the inner margin in the apical third 
there is a strong sharp tooth; the points are hooked; the whole 
foreeps are deep red in colour and covered with long pale 
bristles. 


Cape Colony: Dunbrody, August 5, 1901, 1 3. 


Fic, 4.—(a) S. villica ¢ type; (b) tarsus. 


The coloration and form of the pygidium and forceps of this 
species render it easily recognisable. After a good deal of hesitation 
I place it in the genus Sphingolabis, Borm., revived for its type 
S. furcifer, Borm., S hawaiensis, Borm., only; these are really 
nothing more or less than rather large and relatively robust 
Chetospanias, and closely related to Labia. 


Famity FORFICULID. 


Sup-Famity CHELIDURIN. 


Gen. MESOCHELIDUBRA, Verhoef. 
1. M. péRINGuEYI, Burr (Fig. 5, a—0). 


Chelidura péringueyi, Burr, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), x1., p. 275 
(1902). 


10 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Cape Colony: Stellenbosch, 4 3, 5 @, 3 larve; Cape Town, 
3 3,4 9; Table Mountain, 1 ¢, var. forcipata ; Houw Hoek, 
Leg 

Only known from Cape Colony. 


Fic. 5.—(a) M. péringueyi ¢ form cyclolabia ; (b) forceps 
$ form macrolabia. 


2. M. PROMONTORII, sp. n. 
Fig. 6, a—b, 
Statura gracili; pygidium ¢ truncatum, integrum; forcipis 
bracchia g basi remota, gracilia, sensim arcuata. 


Long. corporis: ¢,9mm.; ?,8 mm. 
Long. forcipis: ¢,4mm.; ?, 2 mm. 


Size median, build slender, general colour yellowish brown. 

Antenne red-brown, paler at the base and darker at the apex, 
with 12 segments, fourth a little shorter than the third, all very 
slightly thickened at the apex. 

Head smooth, dull red, tumid ; sutures obsolete. 

Pronotum rectangular, transverse, all sides straight, depressed. 

Elytra rudimentary, meeting at the suture, but exposing a short 
portion of the mesonotum and all the metanotum. 

Legs yellowish, slender, first tarsal segment slightly longer than 
the third. 

Abdomen very feebly widened posteriorly in the g, and gently 
narrowed there in the ? , deep red-brown. 


On some South African Dermaptera (Earwigqs). 11 


Last dorsal segment transverse in the g, the posterior margin 
raised into a low, rugulose ridge, beyond which the surface slopes 
down to the pygidium; in the 2 simple, narrow. 

Penultimate ventral segment 3g broadly rounded. 

Pygidium g an obtuse tubercle, with face vertical and lower 


Ve 
NW, 


Fic. 6.—(a) M. promontorii ¢ type; (b) forceps ¢. 


margin produced into a narrow flat transverse lobe, with converging 
sides and truncate apically ; in ? minute. 

Forceps with the branches in the g slender, remote at the base, 
gently arcuate, feebly dilated near the base, with an almost obsolete 
tooth near the apex; in the ¢ simple, straight and sub-contiguous. 

Cape Colony: Caledon, ¢ ?, L. Péringuey, 1905. 

This species has a close superficial resemblance to the European 
Apterygida albipennis, which goes even down to the forceps, but the 
pygidium is not quite the same, and the rudimentary elytra at once 
distinguish it. 

3. M. KAFFIR, sp. n. 
Fig. 7, a—b. 

Elytris valde rudimentariis, ad suturam non attingentibus ; 

pygidium g @ emarginatum, lobis acutis; forcipis bracchia ¢g 


remota, gracilia. 
Long. corporis: g¢, 8:5 mm. 
Long. foreipis: ¢, 3°5 mm. 


12 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Build slender; general colour yellowish and reddish brown. 

Antenne dark brown, with 12 segments, all cylindrical, the fourth 
a little shorter than the third. 

Head ferruginous, smooth ; sutures obsolete. 

Pronotum yellowish brown, rectangular, transverse, depressed. 

Elytra present merely as small lateral flaps, exposing the greater 
part of the mesonotum and all the metanotum, which are of the 
same colour as the pronotum. 

Legs dirty yellow; tarsi slender, first and third segments about 
equally long. 


Fie. 7.—(a) M. kaffir ¢ ; (b) forceps ¢. 


Abdomen yellowish ferruginous, passing to deep red-brown 
apically, and gradually dilated towards the apex. 

Last dorsal segment transverse, with an irregular median depres- 
sion and tumid, obtuse tubercle on each side. 

Penultimate ventral segment broadly rounded. 

Pygidium depressed, broad, like a slightly upturned plate, with a 
broad triangular emargination and triangular lobe on each side. 

Forceps with the branches remote, slender, cylindrical, gently 
arcuate, with a strong, triangular laminate tooth on the inner 
margin at the extreme base. 

Cape Colony: Dunbrody, 1 3, January 14, 1903. 

This species is well characteristic by the emarginate pygidium,. 


On some South African Dermaptera (Harwigs). 13 


with triangular lobes ; it has a superficial resemblance to Apterygida, 
A. colonia, and M. promontorii. The elytra are reduced to mere 
lateral flaps (as in Huborellia stéli and EH. moesta), and. on this 
account a new genus will be required for its reception. 

The ? is unknown. 


Gren. CHELIDURELLA, Verhoeff 
1. C, PURCELLI, sp. n. 
Fig. 8, a—-b. 
Statura minore ; corpus ad basin abdominis sub-dilatatum, apicem 


versus sensim angustatum ; forcipis bracchia 3 basi remota, gracilia, 
sensim arcuata, ad basin margine interno laminato. 


Fic. 8.—(a) C. purcelli ¢ type; (b) forceps ¢ 


Long. corporis: ¢, 7°5 mm. 
Long. forcipis: ¢, 775 mm. 


General colour yellow-brown. 

Antenne with 11 segments, yellowish brown, cylindrical, the 
fourth a little shorter and little thicker than the third. 

Head red-brown, smooth, tumid ; sutures obsolete. 

Pronotum broad, trapezoidal, broadened posteriorly, sub-rect- 
angular, all sides straight, depressed. 

Elytra rudimentary, much shorter than broad, completely covering 
the mesonotum but exposing the concave mesonotum, yellowish 
brown. 


14 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Legs yellowish, slender; tarsi short, the first segment hardly as 
long as the third. 

Abdomen deep red-brown, widest at the base, gradually narrowing 
towards the apex, punctulate. 

Last dorsal segment transverse, rectangular, punctulate, with a 
median sulcus, and with a feeble crested tubercle on each side. 

Penultimate ventral segment broadly rounded. 

Pygidium short and broad, truncate posteriorly. 

Forceps with the branches remote, cylindrical, feebly arcuate, the 
inner margin produced with a laminate triangular tooth near the 
base. 

Cape Colony: Oudtshoorn, 1 g, W. F. Purcell. 

This is rather a remarkable species. It must be provisionally 
placed in Chelidurella, but it has no real resemblance to C. acantho- 
pygia, the type of that genus. The whole body is spindle-shaped, 
being gently broadened from the pronotum to the first or second 
abdominal segment, where the maximum width is attained, and then 
gradually narrowed to the apex. 


Sus-Faminry FORFICULINZE. 


Gren. APTERYGIDA, Westwood. 
1. A. COLONIA, sp. n. 
Fig. 9, a-c. 
A. albipennis vicina; differt pracipe pygidio g quadrato, forci- 
pisque bracchiis basi dente forti armatis. 


Long. corporis: ¢,8-10°5 mm. 
Long. forcipis: g , 3-4 mm. 


Size rather small, general colour reddish testaceous. 

Antenne testaceous, with 12-13 segments, the third rather short, 
fourth a little longer, and the rest gradually longer, all cylindrical. 

Head smooth and tumid; sutures obsolete, dark red-brown. 

Pronotum quadrate, a trifle longer than broad and slightly widened 
posteriorly ; prozona and metazona not separated, and testaceous. 

Elytra testaceous, smooth, truncate apically, the axillary angle 
feeble, exposing a portion of the mesonotum. 

Wings abortive. 

Legs testaceous or pale yellow; first tarsal segment about as long 
as second and third united, second with prominent lobes, third 
slender. 


On some South African Dermaptera (Harwigs). 15 


Abdomen not hairy, sub-parallel, deep ferruginous red, darker 
apically than basally, the lateral pliciform tubercles black and 
prominent. 

Last dorsal segment g quadrate, ample, smooth, with no median 
sulcus, but a deep triangular depression in the middle near the 
posterior margin, which is slightly incrassate and sinuous, being 
gently produced to form a short rounded lobe on each side of the 
middle line. 

Penultimate ventral segment g ample, very obtusely rounded. 

Pygidium g a square, depressed plate. 


Fic. 9.—(a) A. colonise ¢g type; ) forceps; (c) tarsus. 


Forceps with the branches g slender, remote at the base, 
rather elongate, slightly diverging at the base itself, then very gently 
arcuate, the tips black and feebly incurved ; on the inner margin at 
the base there is a prominent, dilated, and depressed triangular 
tooth. 

South Africa: 4 g, Cape Town, August, 1887. 

This species closely resembles the European A. albipennis, but 
the pronotum is longer and narrower, the pygidium more nearly 
square, and the strong basal tooth of the forceps is very distinctive. 


16 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gren. ELAUNON, Burr. 
1. Ii. ERYTHROCEPHALUS, Oliv. 
Forficula erythrocephala, Oliver, Ene. méth., vi., p. 468 (1791). 
Beira: 1 g, P. O. Sheppard, 1905. 
Amatongaland: 1 ¢, January, 1889. 
Delagoa Bay: 4 3,3 ?, June, 1889, J. de Costa. 
Cape Colony: Port St. John, 2 g,1 2. 
Distributed throughout the Ethiopian Region. 


Gren. FORFICULA, L, 
1. F. SENEGALENSIS, Serv. 
Forficula senegalensis, Serville, Orth., p. 39 (1839). 
Griqualand: 1 g, var. forcipata, 1873. 
Ovampoland: 1 g, 1890-1891, Erikson. 
Southern Rhodesia: 1 ?, Salisbury; 1 ?, Umtali. 
Cape Colony: 1 ?, Kowie River, Port Alfred; 1 ¢, Port St. 
John; 1 ?, Kentani, Dr. Kolbe. 
Distributed throughout the Ethiopian Region. 


Sus-Famity OPISTHOCOSMIINZA. 


Gren. HYPURGUS, Burr. 


1. H. micueui, Burr. 

Opisthocosmia micheli, Burr, Tr. ent. Soc., London, p. 307 (1904). 

Southern Rhodesia: Umtali, 1 g. 

I cannot separate this specimen from H. michelz from Abyssinia, 
although it differs slightly in its brighter and more yellowish colour, 
especially of the elytra, which are somewhat longer, as the wings 
are perfectly developed. Probably it will eventually be discovered 
in intermediate localities. 


AG 

FG RUSTGIDIS. op oounnooodbouoKO Genco 

LGA TOR 6500 000000 005000800000 00 

ININAswaiwy.} onoconcpeabe sooo aooood 

TU ORTYIY op ooupooosededooDeococ 
B. 

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C. 

GIGKGMTTRANG coo coundoe co soOO00 A050 

CHETIDURINZE i erciaeraensine ols cielcisle el 

colonie (Apterygida) .............-. 

(OTN Gotom6 4 Ono ope o command 
IDE 

VOGAL Sia SOR DORE O Om eD Cea ean 
E. 

W id MELORTOU/ [Lt arog HORIC OCG IPCC ORE 

HIGHINOSOMATING eieeicieenicreie) lei er 

SA LAUNOTN, alesate wie adenene kenehene ora sieneiane’s 

erythrocephalus (Elaunon) ........ 

HW SPHALMENINZR) “mieesreeeieieeisic sie eee 

IEG OTAGO. “Gococ000 conD oD aD Od 
1G 

JROTC Gonnooepoencas Go o+0ebdbod 

MOREICULID AT © ac cis. ciyctecimenratene ieee 

I OREICULINIE) 0 sccc.e obaciiiensie caer 
H. 

JEDI ooncnacdesb0000050000000 
K. 

kaffir (Mesochelidura) ............ 

IKGARSCHIBTLUD Aa) ericieisetersies sie erecta. 


(17) 


INDEX. 
L. 
PAGE 
Bi | OIG sre, caisoe clei g ets eieke aielere stele ese 
| ILE oo oagobobouocuD GNU DORCCS 
P| GUO Sane nbuooresoo on ooo DGO OC 
LAST PIGABID URGD Aalreyeuer Melokobetsteretor eters iaisireto rere 
LGABIDURIN Asolo Veretret sete ickenolatel: 
liturata\(Bicrania)) soos sejss es) 
lhividipes! (Nala) errsereerenne ert ercusr ea 
2 
A M. 
marginalis) (Labia) cc. 2. «+(e 
meridionalis (Bormansia) .......... 
WIGINAVAMNUG. Go cacaasnaencnoocKad 
113) | micheli (Hypurgus) <7. 0... - 
Gy || iain (LAO) soéecoosonccnso0ednd 
14) murrayi((Apachyus))- 3.2... 
4 | myrmecoides (Antisolabis) ........ 
ING 
INGMBneobaarmoqnoaomudsnane cooods 
2 
1 
peringueyi (Esphalmenus) ........ 
| peringueyi (Mesochelidura) ........ 
3 | Pucrania 20... wes cevesececene snes 
3 | promontorii (Mesochelidura) ...... 
16 purcelli (Chelidurella) ............ 
1q | PyGmDicraNIpH .................. 
3 
3 R. 
|) riparian (Malbrdural)) iy eters clei 
S. 
16 | senegalensis (Forficula) ............ 
Gy || VOMRTOUGMUS ocoobooeacnucnocD0gbe 
14 | sulcatipes (Antisolabis; ............ 
Ts 
togoensis (Ctenisolabis) ............ 
16 V. 
villica (Sphingolabis) .............. 
il W. 
2 | wahlbergi (Echinosoma) .......... 


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(19 ) 


2.—Descriptions of some New Geometride and Pyralidide from 
South Africaa—By W. Warren, M.A., F.E.S, 


I nave lately had submitted to me for identification a few 
Lepidoptera from the South African Museum. Though compara- 
tively few in number themselves, I found among them a surprisingly 
large proportion of (as far as I can ascertain) new and hitherto 
undescribed forms. At the request of Dr. L. Péringuey, to whom I 
am indebted for the opportunity of examining the specimens, I have 
written the following descriptions for publication in the Annals of 
the South African Museum. 


Faminry GEOMETRIDAL. 
Sup-Famiry GEOMETRIN 2. 


Gren. VICTORIA, Warr. 


1. VICTORIA MIRABILIS, spec. nov. 


Forewing: Deep green covered with white vermiculations ; costal 
streak fuscous with darker dusting, and black dashes before the 
commencement of each line; veins very finely white; first line at 4, 
indicated by black dots on median vein, on vein 1, and on inner 
margin, placed in the middle of a white conical blotch reaching 
from subcostal vein to inner margin; outer line narrowly white, 
oblique inwards parallel to termen, from 3 of costa to near middle of 
inner margin; marked by minute black dots on the veins, followed 
by a dull pinkish somewhat hourglass-shaped blotch from vein 6 to 
inner margin, constricted between veins 3 and 4 and much smaller 
above than below; a subquadrate white apical blotch; marginal 
lunules black, slightly white-edged; those between 4 and 6 thick 
and black, that between 3 and 4 wholly white; fringe fuscous ; 
cellspot pear-shaped, pink, blotched with red-brown at its lower end. 


20 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Hindwing: Green with long white strigule along inner and outer 
margins, whitish green towards base and along costa; cellspot 
brown ; outer line marked by black vein-dots, followed by a bright 
pink, round spot between veins 2 and 3; terminal lunules and fringe 
as in forewings. 

Underside whitish green; the white strigule, lines, and blotches. 
of upperside showing through; cellspots blackish ; costa of forewing 
ochreous dotted with fuscous ; the terminal lunules all darker and 
clearer ; fringe fuscous grey. 

Head, antenne, palpi, and forelegs fuscous varied with rufous ;. 
thorax and dorsum fawn-grey; the dorsum mixed with reddish, 
and with pairs of black sublateral spots; venter and pectus white. 

Expanse of wings, 45 mm. 

1 $ from Durban, Natal. 

The @ is larger, 50 mm., the pink blotch of forewing white, and 
all the other white areas larger ; the hindwing altogether paler. 


PROSOMPHAX, gen. noy. 


Forewing: Triangular; costa straight, slightly shouldered at 
extreme base, and curved before apex, which is prominent; termen 
oblique and straight; anal angle rounded; frenulum slight. 

Hindwing: With apex and termen rounded; anal angle well 
marked. 

Palpi upeurved, very short; tongue slight ; antennz of ¢ bipecti- 
nated to 2; hind tibiz with terminal spurs only. 

Neuration : Forewing, cell half as long as wing; vein 2 from 3, 
3 close before 4;. 5 from shortly below upper end of discocellular ; 
6, 10, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 9 rising close to apex; 11 anastomosing with 
12; hindwing with costal approximated to subcostal near base, but. 
not touching ; veins 6, 7 short-stalked. 

Type: Prosomphaz callista, Warr. 


2. PROSOMPHAX CALLISTA, spec. nov. 


Forewing: Bright deep green covered with minute white dots and 
striole ; costal edge in apical half pinkish grey; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing: Silky greenish white ; the fringe deeper green. 

Underside of both wings uniform smooth green; the inner 
marginal half of forewing whitish green. 

Face ochreous dotted with green, pinkish above; fore tibiz and 
tarsi reddish in front; vertex and thorax deep green; abdomen 
anally and laterally whitish; the dorsum in basal half green; 


Descriptions of some New Geometridae and Pyralidide. 21 


venter, pectus, and femora deep green; antennal shaft white the 
pectinations ferruginous. 
Expanse of wings, 30 mm. 


1 § Cape Town (Rondebosch). 


Gren. PRASINOCYMA, Warr. 


3. PRASINOCYMA DORSIPUNCTATA, spec. nov. 

Forewing: Semihyaline grey-green, covered with dense pale 
strigulations; costal edge very finely pale; cellspot red-brown ; 
fringe green. 

Hindwing: With the cellspot triangular, large. 

Underside pale dull green, without strigulations; cellspot of 
hindwing large. Face olive-green, possibly faded; venter, thorax, 
and dorsum green, the last with a white dot on each of the three 
middle segments ; shaft of antennz and a line between their bases 
white; venter, pectus, and legs whitish; forelegs reddish in 
front. 

Expanse of wings, 32 mm. 

1 g from Pinetown, Natal. 

Close to Thalassodes vermiculata, Guen., which, however, has no 
cellspots. 


Susp-Faminy STERRHIN Ai. 
Gen. CINGLIS, Guen. 


4, CINGLIS ACENTRA spec. nov. 


Forewing: White, sparsely dusted with black scales; the shading 
pale olive-brown; the costal area above cell to median line, the 
median nervule and its branches, and vein 1, a slight shade before 
inner line, and the bands on each side of the subterminal line, all 
olive, the presubmarginal space darkest ; lines blackish, thick ; the 
inner line angled in cell, then inwardly oblique and waved, inwardly 
edged with white; outer line lunulate-dentate, incurved on each fold, 
followed by a fine white line; median line regularly lunulate-dentate, 
parallel to outer line, the space between them white, crossed by the 
brown veins; subterminal line white, lunulate-dentate, the teeth 
pointing inwards, also incurved on both folds; a row of black 
terminal lunules, finely edged with white ; fringe (worn) whitish ; 
cellspot large, black. 


22 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Hindwing: Similar, without inner line; the large black cellspot 
beyond the median line. 

Underside duller. 

Face dark brown; palpi dark brown above, white beneath ; 
vertex white; thorax and dorsum pale olive-brown; hinder edge of 
each segment of dorsum belted with white. 

Expanse of wings, 20 mm, 

1 gf from Clanwilliam, South Africa. 

The hind legs of the ¢ are without spurs, but not aborted. 


Sus-Famiry HYDRIOMENIN 4A. 


Gen. ENTEPHRIA, Hib. 


5. ENTEPHRIA AFRICANA, spec, noy. 


Forewing: White densely speckled with blackish grey; the basal 
patch, and the bands limiting the central fascia composed of waved 
blackish lines; basal patch and outer band of four lines; the inner 
band of two; space between third and fourth of basal patch, between 
second and fourth of outer band, and between the lines of inner 
band filled up with fulvous brown; the inside edges of the two 
bands unite at vein 2, the included pale grey space containing the 
black cellspot ; submarginal line whitish, regularly lunulate-dentate, 
the lunules filled up with brownish ; the pale bands on each side of 
central fascia traversed by two or three obscure blackish lines; a 
terminal black crenulate line ; fringe pale grey with a darker middle 
line. 

Hindwing: Dull grey with a paler grey outer and terminal band ; 
terminal line black, crenulate; fringe pale grey. 

Underside grey speckled with darker, somewhat glossy ; the 
markings of the upperside indicated only. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark grey mixed with paler. 

Expanse of wings, 40 mm. 

1 ¢ from Cape Town, April, 1878. 


Gren. OCHYRIA, Hib. 


6. OCHYRIA TENELLA, spec. nov. 
Forewing: Delicate pale green, slightly grey tinged; the small 
rounded basal patch, the inner band of central fascia, and the outer 
above vein 4 purplish fuscous; the inner edge below middle, and 


Descriptions of some New Geometridae and Pyralidide. 23 


the outer in the angle between 6 and 4 black; subterminal line 
yellowish white, lunulate dentate, the lunules from costa to vein 7, 
from 6 to 4, and between 1 and 2 filled up with lilac pink, and 
faintly followed by patches of the same colour and blackish ; a lilac 
spot on inner margin before central fascia; pairs of black spots at 
ends of veins; fringe white, with purple grey chequering beyond veins. 

Hindwing: Whitish, faintly grey tinged, with inner and outer 
waved grey lines; fringe white beyond terminal black dots. 

Underside pale grey, with the lines shown chiefly on costa ; hind- 
wing pale. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen green freckled with blackish ; 
the hinder edge of dorsal segments marked by black scales; legs 
externally blackish. 

Expanse of wings, 25 mm. 

1 $ from Cape Colony. 


Sus-Famiry EUCESTIIN A. 


Gren. LITHOSTEGEH, Hib. 


7. LITHOSTEGE DECORATA, Spec. Noy. 


Forewing : White, crossed by 3 pale brown bands; the first before 
middle, bent outwards in cell, edged with black at the outward 
angle; the other two subterminal and terminal; the former with 
the inner edge sinuous, and the outer lunulate, the latter narrower, 
intersected by white veins; the antemedian band is followed on 
costa and the subterminal preceded by a black spot, from each 
of which a much interrupted sinuous line runs across wing; fringe 
brown mottled with white between the veins. 

Hindwing: White overclouded with greyish ochreous, the extreme 
termen and fringe whitish ; a somewhat interrupted dark terminal 
line, 

Underside of both wings dull grey; the forewing with the com- 
mencement on costa of white submarginal and outer lines; the 
hindwing with the termen only paler. 

Head and collar blackish; thorax and abdomen pure white ’ 
antennz brown. 

Expanse of wings, 25 mm, 

1 3 from Smithfield, Orange Free State (Kannemeyer). 

This species will stand in a separate section from typical 
Lithostege, from which it differs in having the antennez of the 
3 pectinated, 


24 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Sus-Famitry BISTONIN AA. 
LIPOGONTIA, gen. nov. 


Forewing: Elongate; the costa straight, convex only just before 
apex; termen and inner margin forming a single curve from apex 
to base; no fovea. 

Hindwing: Elongate; apex and termen well rounded. 

Antenne of 3 plumose; palpi quite short and drooping; tongue 
absent; frons slightly protuberant; frenulum present; fore tibia 
with a strong claw at extremity on the outer side; hind tibia with 
two quite short terminal spurs. 

Neuration: Forewing, cell longer than half of wing; discocellular 
slightly inbent; first median nervule at 2, second at $; radials 
normal ; subcostal vein strongly bent down at end; veins 7, 8, 9 
stalked from the bend; 10 and 11 coincident throughout ; hindwing, 
costal and subcostal approximated for quite half of cell; veins 
3 and 7 from well before angles of cell. 

Type: Lipogonia rufivena, spec. nov. 

Distinguished from Omphalucha, Warr., by the absence of fovea, 
and from Aphilopota and Haggardia by the narrower wings ; from 
all three by the claw of fore tibia. 


. LIPOGONIA RUFIVENA, spec, Nov. 


Forewing: White, thickly and coarsely speckled and striated with 
fuscous ; costal edge yellowish, with short and numerous black 
dots; the veins rust colour; inner line squarely bent in cell, from 
costa at 4, oblique below middle to + of inner margin, marked 
mainly by black spots on the costa and veins; outer line black, 
thick, regularly lunulate-dentate, curved from ~ of costa to middle 
of inner margin, immediately followed by a narrow pure white 
space; submarginal line just beyond, dark between veins, but 
obscure and interrupted; a row of fine black terminal dashes ; 
fringe mottled fuscous and white; cellspot black. 

Hindwing: Paler, the speckling ae and grey; a dentate lunulate 
outer curved line edged with whitish. 

Underside paler, the speckling finer, mixed with ollosishe 
outer line in both wings. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, thickly speckled with dark ; 
the frons browner. 

Expanse of wings, 34 mm. 

1 g from Smithfield, Orange Free State, South Africa, 1909 
(Kannemeyer). 


Descriptions of some New Geometride and Pyralidide. 25 


Susp-Famiry ASCOTIN At. 
Gen. ALCIS, Curt. 


9. ALCIS AFRICANA, spec. nov. 


Forewing: Ochreous washed with pinkish brown and _ thickly 
striated with dark brown; the shading dark brown; the lines 
black ; inner line thick, outwardly toothed on the veins, vertical 
to submedian fold, there bent and incurved basewards ; preceded 
by a dark brown shade; outer line from costa at 2 to middle of 
inner margin, obliquely curved outwards to vein 5, then inwards 
to submedian fold, then concave inwards; a brown median line 
more or less parallel to outer line, containing within its angle a 
brown black-edged cell ring; submarginal line lunulate dentate, 
the space between it and the outer line dark brown, diffused to 
termen between veins 5 and 6, and below 4 with slight paler spaces 
at inner margin; a black terminal festoon ; fringe pale brown, varied 
with darker brown. 

Hindwing: With blackish inner and median lines; the inner 
touching the black cellspot; the median followed by a thick brown 
shade; subterminal line preceded by a thick black shade; termen 
strongly dentate, with black festoon. 

Underside uniform greyish ochreous, thickly striated with fuscous, 
as far as the diffuse thick black submarginal band; the terminal 
area paler ochreous, especially on vein 4 of forewing, above and 
below which the band is diffused to termen ; both wings with black 
cellspots and terminal row of spots. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown mixed with darker brown. 

Expanse of wings, 38 mm. 

1 ? from South Africa. 


Gen. MYRIOBLEPHARA, Warr. 


10. MyRIOBLEPHARA SUBLIMBATA, Spec. noy. 


Forewing : Whitish washed with pale olive brown and speckled 
with black; the veins yellowish; the centre of the two folds, the 
inner margin, and the subterminal line white; inner line at 4, bent 
in middle, marked by rather large black spots on median and sub- 
median veins ; outer line blurred, lunulate dentate, from # of costa 
sinuate to % of inner margin ; a black ocelloid spot at end of cell ; 
submarginal line irregularly dentate, preceded by a thick black 


shade interrupted between veins 3 and 4 by a white spot; terminal 


26 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


area darker; a row of distinct black terminal dots; fringe grey 
mottled with dark. 

Hindwing: Paler, without the olive-brown suffusion, and speckled 
with blackish only along inner and outer margins; a black ring at 
end of cell before a very obscurely marked lunulate dentate outer 
line; a black presubmarginal shade; terminal black spots and 
fringe as in forewings. 

Underside of forewing olive-grey, of hindwing white, black 
speckled; both wings with large black cellspot, black-dotted 
outer line, and thick black prasubmarginal shade, interrupted 
between veins 3 and 4; a row of black terminal dots. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey speckled with black; the anal 
tuft whiter; face and palpi externally brown. 

Expanse of wings, 34 mm. 

1 g from Cape Dio, Hout Bay (Sclater). 


Sus-Faminry SEMIOTHISIN A. 
Gen. PERIDELA, Warr. 


11. PERIDELA INZQUILINEA, spec. noy. 


Forewing: Pale ochreous, the shading fuscous brown, with fine 
darker striations ; lines black; the inner bent or curved below costa, 
preceded by a space of pure ground colour; median line vertical to 
vein 3, then inwardly oblique to inner margin near inner line; space 
between it and inner line pale brown, with black-brown suffusion 
on submedian fold; outer line oblique outwards to vein 6, then 
inwards, and again excurved above inner margin, thicker and 
blacker at each extremity, where it is also preceded by brown 
striz ; separated from the presubmarginal brown shade by a space 
of pure ground colour; subterminal line ochreous, the terminal area 
beyond it pale fuscous, obliquely limited above vein 6, where it leaves 
the apex itself pale; fringe worn. 

Hindwing: Pale ochreous, with scattered dark striations, forming 
faint outer and submarginal bands with paler bands in between. 

Underside pale ochreous with fuscous dusting; the dark markings 
of upperside partially showing through. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, spotted and varied with 
pale brown. 

Expanse of wings, 28 mm. 

1 g from Namaqualand, South Africa (Worden). 

Close to P. curvifascia, Warr., Nov. Zool., iv., p. 110, from Mpeta. 


Descriptions of some New Geometride and Pyralidide. 27 


Sus-Famiry PROSOPOLOPHIN A. 


AGRAMMODEHS, gen. nov. 

Forewing: Elongate triangular; apex prominent; hind margin 
oblique; hardly curved; hindwing with apex and anal angle 
rounded ; termen slightly indented beyond cell. 

Palpi porrect, loosely and roughly haired, the segments in- 
distinct; tongue present ; forehead smoothly rounded; antenne of 
? simple. 

Neuration: Forewing, cell more than half as long as wing; disco- 
cellular vertical, incurved in lower half; vein 2 at 2, 3 shortly 
before 4; radials normal; 7, 8, 9 stalked from the bend in sub- 
costal; 10, 11 stalked; 10 anastomosing moderately with 8, 9, 
which separate shortly before costa; hindwing with costal and 
subcostal approximated for fully half of cell so closely as to appear 
to anastomose ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; no radial. 

Type: A. leucograpta, spec. nov. 


12. AGRAMMODES LEUCOGRAPTA, Spec. Noy. 


Forewing : Olive-brown ; costa at base narrowing to middle white; 
a white streak along outer half of cell continued shortly towards 
apex beyond it; a long streak from base of submedian fold to below 
vein 3, meeting an oblique streak from apex; the olive ground 
darker along the streaks; fringe olive-grey. 

Hindwing: Whitish grey, darker along termen. 

Underside paler, the white streaks of forewing showing through. 

Face and thorax olive; abdomen olive-grey; palpi, pectus, and 
forelegs fulvous. 

Expanse of wings, 28 mm. 

1 ¢ from Montague Baths, Cape Colony, November, 1902. 


Gren. AXIODES, Warr. 


13. AXIODES RUFIGRISEA, Spec. nov. 


Forewing: Dull grey, dusted with darker; the veins fulvous; 
inner and outer lines pale; the inner acutely angled in cell, then 
oblique inwards to + of inner margin, and dentate on subcostal vein 
and submedian fold; outer line lunulate dentate, from # of costa 
to + of inner margin, strongly indented on submedian fold; space 
between the lines suffused with brownish fuscous ; outer line fol- 
lowed by a dark shade; black terminal lunules between the veins 


28 Annals of the South African Museum. 


which end in strong teeth; an oblique black dash from subapical 
lunule to vein 6, the apex itself pale grey; fringe dark grey with 
base white between the veins. 

Hindwing: Dull fulvous grey, crossed by a paler sinuous 
outer line; fringe whitish, thickly mottled with fuscous beyond 
veins. 

Underside grey, darker in forewing; costal half of each wing 
paler than inner half, and speckled with dark. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark and light grey intermixed ; 
dorsum darker with pale segmental belts. 

Expanse of wings, 32 mm. 

1 3 from Cape Town, 1901. 


Famity PYRALIDIDA. 
Sus-Faminy HKPIPASCHIAN AS. 


Gren. ISOLOPHA, Hmps. 


14, IsoOLOPHA ALBICRISTATA, Spec. Nov. 

Forewing: Grey, dusted and tinged with dark grey; veins below 
costa finely blackish; the veins beyond cell thickly black, inter- 
rupted by a broad slightly paler band, incurved below middle, 
following a darker shade similarly curved; base of submedian 
interval black, finely underlined with white along vein 1, limited 
by an oblique white band from median vein to submedian fold, 
where it ends in a raised tuft of white scales edged with black, 
connected by white scaling with a second similar tuft lying below 
the base of vein 1; intervals before termen marked with black 
specks ; fringe blackish fuscous. 

Hindwing: Dull white, with a blackish grey broad terminal border, 
preceded by a curved dark somewhat dentate outer line. 

Underside with the dark markings shown. 

Head and thorax fuscous grey; abdomen dirty whitish speckled 
with pale and dark grey; dorsum paler, especially at base, rather 
glossy,; small tufts on metathorax black. 

Expanse of wings, 36 mm. 

1 3, without locality label, from South Africa. 

Referred provisionally to Jsolopha, Hmps., as being the only 
genus in the Hpipaschiane with porrect palpi. 


Descriptions of some New Geometridae and Pyralidide. 29 


Sus-Faminry PYRALIDIN A. 
Gen. BOSTRA, WIk. 


15. BostRA CONSPICUALIS, spec. nov. 


Forewing: Dull greyish pink in median area; the basal and ter- 
minal areas chocolate-brown; the former with a diffuse crenulate 
curved margin at +; the latter with the inner edge sinuous, but 
without distinct lines ; costal edge of median area yellow with short 
black striz, underlined by a fulvous streak, which becomes costal 
in terminal third; cellspot chocolate; fringe chocolate with a dark 
line towards tips. 

Hindwing: Fulvous orange, becoming deeper fulvous along 
termen ; the fringe chocolate. 

Underside vinous red, paling basewards and mixed with yellow 
in hindwing; fringe pinkish grey. 

Head and thorax greyish pink tinged with red; dorsum glossy, 
reddish grey; palpi deep chocolate; also the legs and pectus and 
underside of abdomen, the last mixed with fulvous. 

Expanse of wings, 36 mm. 

1 $ from Cape Town. 

Nearest to B. rufimarginalis, Hmps. 


( 30 ) 


INDEX. 


A. 
PAGE 
acentray (Cin gis ee emitre tee rerir 21 
phoareenats (UANGIS) oo occoncec euanvcac 25 
africana (Emtephria) .............. 22 
AGTAMMOGES «ti )« [sts = setoeshe Horets. seus tel 27 
albicristata (Isolopha) ............ 28 
PAL CUS erate cvcereleuctercreiove: chore iso evehansts 25 
IAS COMING Reeus fers eicketrie aecione eels evel cheloys 25 
MOOT AR Gola 4 1D OOO OBO DOU bao Gat 27 
13), 

BISTONENAS Wiereis cteretcietere cle el ehevel ele ieccliare 24 
IBOSULOumete teers oe eeieke ateienerersl: 29 
C. 
callista (Prosomphax) ............ 20 
GUNG TUS tate tas exe tae = ate speach stots puter el 21 
conspicualis (Bostra) .............. 29 
D; 
decorata( Lithostege) .............. 23 
dorsipunctata (Prasinocyma) ...... 21 
E. 

ENECPNTIA, sicPetetss a ssereinussele el siei sisi sie 22 
IPIPAS CHEANAR Ile syererclejele ete wi otoues olelieretere 28 
VU CESTIIN At Pearse ciecntersior cierieriekette 23 
G. 

GEOMETRIDE) wisnce se oe teem 19 
GEOMETRINE) (eije/5s er w ois sie custortes s ug) 
1BE. 

FLV DRIOMENINZ « Gieieieleyeteitie clereterain oie 22 
ile 
ineequilinea (Peridela) ............ 26 
IQUGNU Gocco co od couo0ToKHe.OO 28 


L. 

leucograpta (Agrammodes) ........ 

TVUPOG ONT ear sras hersteisjeus sc lvts «si etep sak 

METER OS LEG CF crtet eR Tein cel ete she aiteciehe 
M. 

mirabilis) (Victoria) f1.. ase... «22 - 

WMA Nes sb anooscscnoanu0ds 
O. 

Ochiyitetemas cereetrtne errr eres rere 
IPE 

EP OrielGy Merststrea oie ats ss telocaseters stare 

JEROME, aeo6 Gob Od 000 5000¢ 

IPRESCUUNUGHD oo oc camebe OU OTD OGD OC 

IPROSOPOLOPHINTE Nes. acre eie creer 

| AR WIRVATEED) IMDS 210 Wises iar aya. hie, sue seoPee emer 

IVR ATEVININAB ose sioys,cyei0 aye lore elele onerous 
R. 

‘ufigrisea (Axiodes) <2... elec 

rufivena (Lipogonia) .............. 
S. 

SENIOTHISIN ele eet tiiieioiete er 

STERRAINA acntouaieciie ee eee a) occ = 

sublimbata (Myrioblephara) ........ 
4h 

tenellar(Ochyria)) eeemiiitrter-vler-ie terete 
V. 

UAL 0 a Lt ERS AG CORSA RR ICR Oa 


25 


22 


2 
> 2 Y 


- a , oa - 
cat ee So ae 


— 7 


: 
= 2 : 
- i ¢-. : : 
: - : 


4 ae 7 
: = i x a ‘ : 7 ne : 
7 . ; : - ; at 
s i, mo : op 
— ee 

7 =) @ | 7 en ah oe Plas - 

: 7 vue 1B aos = 7 
- - asa ; ; - 4 7 a a > 

CS Ba 7 7 a) = 5 7 A + oF <8 iniogt SNOPL 1. ¢ ae ve 
i Let _ rine ne, | a 7 oll atee Sic Ea f ‘ ww 


’ 
= 7 oan 
G 


am q e 


. . ‘ a _ oe oe - 
J 


; eae ¢ = “See 
- ai «on "iad oad : i » 
a 
- — 7 aay ® a _ 
* @ : a _ i a 7 7) 
f - = - ro A ; - "=% a 
’ A _ i 0 
a ae mi A 7 ~ 
t i] 7 : : 7 _ a ra 
7 . aoe " re vw ' 7 
4° , - >. A . we 7 
_ a a yy ie 7 
ie an er 7 7 : ie 
a 2 a a 7 7 7 - 
: - 7a - 4] : - 7 5 
an _e 6 “a _ f invest — ! a Nie Ome é 2 
a es . Lae a 7 
ae ae * | 2) 
i ' mY a 
_ . _ ; - ss ; 
2 7 : 4 
_ a) , =e 0 7 ii a a _ ; ) ey ' a é 
ra i +s — in” = 
ce 2 yO Oe. eee Se 
oe: . , ie oe 
7 a - oa - f : a ED » be fe _ - 
: 7 ou ¥ i . 
; ie ng . 7 : od af i ¢.5 a 7 7 “a iv 7 ls 
- pen Sea, A, oo) hee wi ca an “rae 
+ = i alee - 
—_ e 4G s ; 7: on roe - 7 


nd 7 = del) : : 7 7 z (a 


(31 ) 


3.—Descriptions of Four New Species of South African Hemerobiide 
(Order Neuroptera).—By L. Périneury, D.Se., F.E.S., Director. 


Sus-Fammy MYRMELEONIDKS. 


Gren. PALPARKS, Ramb. 
PALPARES MULUS, N. sp. 
Text-fig, 1. 


3 @. Antennx black, slightly shorter than the thorax. Head 
bright yellow with a black central macule on the vertex; a thick 
bunch of black hairs at the base of the antenne ; face without black 
patch ; palpi fuscous in the anterior part; thorax one-third longer 
than broad, clothed all over with long flavescent greyish hairs, 
yellow with three broad parallel black bands on the upper side ; 
under side black; wings dilated at about or a little beyond the 
middle, but slightly sharper at tip in the g, with the hind, sub- 
apical margin only very slightly sinuate, hyaline but with a flavous 
tinge, and the nervures and nervules yellow where not splashed 
with fuscous black, pterostigma yellow, costal margin and also sub- 
costal with very regular, sub-quadrate fuscous spots; at about the 
median part runs another row of similar tessellation, which, begin- 
ning at the base, does not, however, reach beyond two-thirds of the 
length of the wing; the lower half of the wing is sprinkled with 
numerous, somewhat irregular fuscous dots, more seriated along the 
hind margin from the base to the apex where there is also a short 
horizontal band consisting of four or five agglomerated macules ; in 
the hind-wings is a regular series of spots in the costal margin only, 
and an agglomeration of five or six such macules after the ptero- 
stigma, three large fuscous patches on the disk, a sub-quadrate one 
at about the middle of the disk, an irregular, horizontal one between 
the middle and the apex surmounted by a smaller, sub-oblong above 

3 


Annals of the South African Museum, 


Fic. 1.—PALPARES MMULUS. 


sap sa ane IES 
Rena : tora 
as tera < AE. 


Fic. 2,—Paupares sparsus, Mech. 


Four New Species of South African Hemerobiide. 33 


it and abutting on the sub-costal; along the hind margin there runs 
a regular, well-defined row of macules, and there is a juxta-apical, 
short, fuscous band, similar to that of the fore-wings; the body is 
deeply infuscate, but there is a more or less distinct, sub-flavescent, 
dorsal median band reaching from the base to a third of the length 
in the ¢, but entire in the 9°. 

Length of body 42-43 mm. ; clasps 6 mm, ; of fore-wings expanded, 
3 104 mm., ? 115 mm.; hind-wings, ¢ 106 mm., ? 116 mm. 

Hab. Natal (Maritzburg), L. Péringuey ; Zululand, A. W. Jones. 

This species is very closely allied to P. sparsus, 3 , MacLachlan, 
who has, however, connected with the male of this species the female 
of P. emulus. My examples of P. sparsus, g and @, are from the 
same locality as the g described by the above-mentioned author, and 
agree with an example named by him in the British Museum. 


PALPARES SOBRINUS, 0. sp. 
Text-fig. 3. 


?. Closely allied to P. emulus ; the colouration of the body is 
the same, except that the half of the face is deeply infuscate ; that 


7 ees o. ae . Ba: OE 


See Pennaneere lene 


Sy 
Ki = Yoni faet 


Fic. 3.—PaLpParESsoBRINUS. 


of the wings is of the same pattern, that is to say, they are 
sprinkled with small black spots, but in the hind-wing there are no 
large discoidal reticulated spots. In the fore-wing the sub-costal 
and radial nervures are not conspicuously yellow as in P. sparsus, 
g and @; the macules are evenly spread and of even size, except 


34 Annals of the South African Museum. 


along the radial nervure, where they are vertical and longer than 
the others along the median part as far as or near to the ptero- 
stigma ; in the hind-wings, below and alongside this radial nervure, 
there is, disposed in the same position as in the fore-wings, a series 
of small transverse macules a little wider than the others, and the 
outer of which, set not far from the pterostigma, is semi-arcuate ; 
the other spots, which are somewhat closely set, do not form any dis- 
tinct patch or band, not even at apex, and they are slightly larger 
than those on the fore-wings. 

Length of body 39 mm.; of fore-wings expanded 100 mm.; of 
hind-wings 93 mm. 

The antenn are missing in the only example (?) represented in 
our Collection. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Dunbrody), Rey. J. O’ Neil. 

This species is more than a local race of P. sparsus, but it belongs 
to the same type, although more broadly differentiated from it than, 
for instance, Palpares caffer from P. speciosus. 

So far as now known, P. sobrinus inhabits the coastal districts of 
the Eastern Province of the Cape Colony; P. emulus occurs in 
Natal and Zululand, and is replaced in Southern Rhodesia and along 
the Zambesi River by P. sparsus. 


PALPARES ONEILI, Sp. 0. 
Text-fig. 4. 


?. Very light buff with the under side of the antenne slightly 
flavescent; antennz shorter than the thorax; labrum slightly 
flavescent, head concolorous, vertex very highly raised in the 
anterior part, sloping thence to the base; palps concolorous; apex 
of mandibles black; prothorax twice as long as broad, very densely 
hairy, lanuginose laterally and posteriorly, the lanuginose hairs 
being white ; the long hairs on the pro- and meso-notum are black ; 
in the centre of the dorsal part runs a black line, very narrow on the 
pronotum but wider on the mesonotum and narrower on the meta- 
notum; on each side is a broad band divided into three on the 
mesonotum ; the abdomen is blackish brown and concolorous, but 
probably lighter in life; legs flavescent, femora and tibie villose and 
with black bristles, tarsi sub-flavescent ; spurs curving at apex, as 
long as the first and half of the second taken together ; wings long, 
narrow, sharply acuminate at apex, hind border of the fore-wing 
broadly emarginate from the base to two-fifths of the length where 
the end of the emargination is lobate and rounded ; in the posterior 


Four New Species of South Afrocan Hemerobiide. 30 


wings, the emargination although very conspicuous is not lobate at 
the end; both are hyaline with fuscous markings, the sub-costal and 
radial nervures are flavescent, and the pterostigma is very indistinct; 
in the fore-wings the costal interval is sprinkled with black and 
white seriate patches along the margin from about half the length to 
the apex, and the hind margin is tessellated in the same fashion from 
the apex to the post-median lobe, but the macules are large and 
very distinct ; in the centre of the disk there extends a narrow black 
band on both sides of the cubital vein from the base to past the 
median part, and parallel to this narrow band, but situated above it, 


Fic. 4.—PALPARES ONEILI. 


is another, which begins at about the middle and reaches the apex; 
and above the terminal part of the emargination of the posterior 
margin there is a short line; the hind-wings have each three trans- 
verse, sinuate, fuscous-brown patches connected above the hind 
margin by a broad band, sending seriate transverse rami, reaching 
the margin itself; the third or post-median patch is almost con- 
nected with the costal vein, being vaguely interrupted, however, below 
the radial area, and the upper margin from the pterostigma to the 
apex is finely tessellated as in the fore-wing. 

Easily recognised from any other South African species of 
Palpares by the peculiar emargination of the hind border of the 
wings, but I do not think that this character is sufficiently important 
to justify the creation of a new genus, 


36 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Length of body (¢) 47 mm.; of fore-wings expanded 138 mm. ; 
of hind-wings 128 mm. 


Hab. Cape Colony (Oudtshoorn), Rev. J. O’ Neil. 


Susp-Famiry NEMOPTERIDES. 


Gen. NEMOPTERA, Latvr. 


NeMoPTERA (HRETMOPTERA) KARROOA, 0. sp. 

@. Flavous, variegated with light buff on the neck and thorax ; 
abdomen buff but with a light flavous median band on the dorsal 
part; ventral part pinkish, and having a lateral narrow yellow band. 
Antenne equal in length to two-thirds of the wing, yellow, but 
slightly infuscate in the anterior third; part of the head yellow, only 


Fic. 5.—NEMOPTERA KARROOA. 


the apex of the epistome and palps slightly infuscate ; vertex and 
neck with three light buff bands; neck distinct, vertex quadrituber- 
culate ; prothorax twice as long as broad, pronotum narrower at 
apex than the vertex of the head, plainly elongate and having a 
lateral and anterior row of bristles, mesonotum nearly as broad as 


Four New Species of South African Hemerobiide. 37 


long, sutures deep, interspaces slightly convex, the median, some- 
what broad buff band is hardly visible past the middle, and the 
lateral ones are sub-dorsal; these bands are no longer distinct on 
the metanotum ; the under side is concolorous, flavous like the legs, 
which have the ultimate tarsal joints slightly infuscate; wings 
hyaline with a very distinct flavous tinge; reticulation also flaves- 
cent, especially the sub-costal and radial veins which are con- 
spicuously yellow, very bristly, and reaches the pterostigma, which is 
distinct ; the wings are two anda half times as long as broad, not 
acuminate, but not rounded either at apex, with the posterior margin 
plainly sinuate at a short distance from the apex ; hind-wings very 
long, very slender, nearly twice as long as the fore-wings, but 
curving strongly downwards at about two-thirds of the length, 
where each broadens, becomes plainly quadri-costate, and tapers 
suddenly near the tip, the enlarged part is more bristly than the 
anterior, and the constricted part is clothed with a long, black villo- 
sity; the whole wing with the exception of the constricted apical 
part is flavescent. 

Length 15 mm. ; expansion of fore-wings 53 mm. ; length of hind- 
wing from base to curve 41 mm. ; with the curve included 51 mm. 

This species cannot be mistaken for any other South African 
one. It is probable that in the g the fore-wings are a little more 
acuminate. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Laingsburg), R. M. Lightfoot. 


a iy 7 
‘nn ee 
_ a 7, ; ; - 
: A —_ ig Al c. Loni 
e iz far ee ay ‘4 c7 _ Biel ie inte Ale Lr 
* the ie ae nied Fb 
; >’ eer a a > 
od) ae ent é a) : ) : 7 Bs 
, D weaie SP ® t 2) on 
a e : ; 4 6 B, 3 wl +} : 7 
¥ Z . DY OL } hdl _ 


" Riz 7 ies Whee ms 

ee Py. a o 7 
Pa : ye 4. 

ir — 


.f 1 a 
a Ore ak 


= ve owe wen Whee y at) 
UV a, ee 


. hs eee 


WAL heey sie bindat 


a ee 


Ree et >) 
yl oo Oa vee 7 


- ihe sve 


= 


ii 


ee 


i yet Sift) 
~~ te vive wits 
‘re 


; 
Sr 
Ss ; ie ae bo y Sa 
+A vi 
aa e 
. 2. oe J = 
; Boe an 
4, A ; o 
: 1 °7 i - — ; : 
— . ] r ra Lee > a 
; = ah) an J 
, : Pte 

nah soc 

‘ 7 - 

' ea 

>) 
+ 
1 
’ 
- ; 
.- ' 7 
ey : 
n - PS : ei 
af : 
: § 
o 1 ba oe The a 
a tT = - 
aaa a a | =f i= 
. oy, APP ~ pala 
| 2! eligi sa 
: > afl anal | °° yoked) > Jape 
} : : a 
bah: es io Wing i Gee P+! |. ONS. 
= a 


” 


1 
a 
- 


(39 ) 


4.—On some South African Rhynchota in the South African 
Museum.—By W. L. Distant. 


AmoneG the very interesting species described in this paper is the 
third Phymatid recorded from that region and two new Tingids. 
The latter are now becoming fairly well known, though numerous 
species must still be awaiting discovery. The Phymatid, as I have 
previously remarked, are still practically unknown, so far as the 
Ethiopian region is concerned. 


PENTATOMID. 


Genus MECIDEA. 


Mecidea, Dall, List Hem. i. p. 139 (1851). 
Type, M. indica, Dall. 


MECIDEA LINEARIS. 
Mecidea linearis, Dall, List Hem. i. p. 139 (1851). 
Hab. §. Africa; Prieska (Brit. and 8S. Afr. Muss.). 
Dallas was unable to give a locality for his type; we have now 
received it from the Cape Colony. 


Faminty COREIDA. 


OANNHKS, gen. nov. 


Head considerably longer than broad, shorter than pronotum, the 
lateral lobes broadly prominent, the central lobe acutely projecting 
in front, behind which are two short porrect spines, and beneath near 
bases of antenne three spines, the central one longest; eyes almost 
midway between base and apex, of moderate size and placed on 
lateral margins; ocelli between the eyes; antennze inserted at the 
apices of the lateral lobes, first joint somewhat strongly incrassated, 
about as long as head, setose on each lateral margin, second a little 
stouter than third and about half its length, fourth short and 


40 Annals of the South African Museum. 


globose; rostrum reaching the intermediate cox, first and second 
joints short and stout, second not reaching base of head, third 
longest, its apex and the apical joint received in a central sternal 
sulcation; pronotum wider at base than long, the lateral margins 
finely spinous, the lateral angles strongly spinous, anterior margin 
truncate, basal margin a little concave ; scutellum about as broad at 
base as long, its apex acuminate; corium about as long as head and 
pronotum together, the lateral margins subparallel; membrane cen- 
trally about as long as corium and with distinct basal cells, reaching 
apex of abdomen in 3, but not in 9; abdomen strongly ampliated 
in ?, less so in 3; legs slender; abdomen beneath not visible in 
the carded specimens from which this diagnosis is made. 

I am uncertain as to which division of the Coreide, according to 
Stal’s arrangement, this genus should be included. It has consider- 
able affinity with the Atractaria, but the veins are not emitted from 
the base of the membrane, where they are distinctly cellular in 
structure. 


OANNES SPINOSUS, sp. Nn. 

Head and antennz testaceous, the latter with the apical joint 
black, behind eyes two central longitudinal black lines; pronotum 
with the anterior lobe testa- 
ceous, and with a central 
pale longitudinal carination 
margined on each side with 
black, posterior lobe dull 
greyish and finely darkly 
punctate; scutellum testa- 
ceous with basal black spots; 
corium dull greyish, the 
apical marginal area dis- 
tinctly more palely punctate, 
the punctures coarser on the 
costal area; the dilated 
abdominal margins reddish 

OANNES SPINOSUS, 2. testaceous with transverse 

pale ochraceous spots ; mem- 

brane dull greyish, some of the veins testaceous; body beneath 

reddish testaceous; legs dull greyish, more or less annulated with 
brownish ; structural characters as in generic diagnosis. 

Long. 64 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony: Cape Town, 


Some South African Rhynchota in South African Musewm. 41 


Faminy LYGA®ID-A. 
RHODESIA, gen. nov. 


Broadly oblong; head concealed by anterior produced margin of 
pronotum, obliquely directed downward, central lobe prominent and 
widened anteriorly ; eyes at base, ocelli near eyes; antenne four- 
jointed, first joint shortest but passing apex of head, remaining 
joints almost subequal in length; pronotum broad, considerably 
shorter than breadth between pronotal angles, prominently cen- 
trally, longitudinally ridged, the anterior area convex and anteriorly 
produced, thus concealing the head, lateral margins thickly upwardly 
recurved and broadly rounded at basal angles; scutellum large and 
broad, moderately raised and inflated, the apex broad and obtusely 
narrowed; corium about as long as pronotum and scutellum to- 
gether, the lateral margin a little roundly ampliate and distinctly 
reflexed, the apical margin sinuate ; membrane large, considerably 
longer than corium; rostrum reaching the second abdominal 
segment, first joint reaching the anterior cox; legs of moderate 
length and thickness. 

The concealed head beneath the anteriorly produced pronotum 
is the characteristic of the genus, which may be placed near 
Aulacopeltus, Stal. 


RHODESIA DURBANIT, Sp. 0. 


Sanguineous; two sub- 
quadrate spots to prono- 
tum divided by the central 
ridge, basal area of scutel- 
lum, a spot near base and 
another at apex of corium, 
membrane, disk of sternum, 
lateral margins and apex of 
abdomen beneath, antenne, 
rostrum, and legs black ; 
scutellum with the basal 
black area somewhat reticu- 
lately impressed; other 
characters as in generic 
diagnosis. 

Long. 164 mm. 


Hab. Natal; Durban. 


RHODESIA DURBANT, 


42 Annals of the South African Museum. 


LyGmus PERINGUEYI, Sp. Nn. 


Dull pitchy black; head above dull testaceous, an apical fascia 
and space behind eyes black; pronotum with the anterior margin 
and two transverse spots on disk ochraceous; apical area of 
scutellum, and base and apical margin 
of corium ochraceous; membrane black 
with an obscure greyish spot at basal 
angle and a large transverse whitish 
spot before middle ; body beneath more 
or less ochraceous; a_ longitudinal 
fascia on each side of head, transverse 
sternal fasciz, a central metasternal 
spot, antennee, and legs black ; abdomen 
beneath with the middle of third seg- 
ment, broad anterior margins to fourth 
and fifth segments, the whole of the 
sixth segment, coxe, and femora be- 
neath castaneous ; antenne black, first 
joint stoutest, distinctly passing apex 
of head, second a little longer than 
either third or fourth, which are sub- 
equal; pronotum and scutellum with 
a distinct central longitudinal carination; posterior pronotal angles 
obtusely subangulate; rostrum reaching the second abdominal 
segment. 

Long. 22 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony; Port St. John’s. 


LyG#US PERINGUEYI. 


Faminy TINGIDID&-. 


EKUAHANKHS, gen. nov. 


Broadly ovate ; head covered by the pronotal hood ; antennz with 
the first joint short and incrassate, second a little shorter and less 
inerassate than first, third very long and slender, fourth short, 
thickened, pyriform ; head spinously produced between the bases 
of the antenne; pronotum with a raised, compressed subangulate 
pronotal hood which is truncated anteriorly, areolate, and covers 
the head above, the lateral pronotal margins reflexed, dilated, 
convexly rounded and areolate, the disk tricarinate, posteriorly 
strongly globosely raised and areolate; elytra broad, moderately 
narrowed at base and more strongly so towards apex, discoidal 


Some South African Rhynchota in South African Museum. 43 


area short, about half the length of the elytra, subcostal area 
narrowed at base and broader on apical area, costal area wide, 
hyaline, largely transversely areolate; legs somewhat long and 
slender, femora moderately thickened, shorter than the tibie. 

This genus belonging to the Diy. Tingidaria, by the pronotal hood 
covering the head and the reflexed rounded pronotal margins 
approaches, but is not at all closely allied to the Indian genera 
Dulinius, Dist., and allies. 


KUAHANES INFLATUS, Sp. 0. 


Antenne black ; pronotum with the disk fuscous, the raised hood, 
the inflated lateral 
areas and the globose 
posterior area dull 
greyish with the mar- 
gins of the areolets 
fuscous or piceous ; 
elytra, excluding the 
costal area, greyish 
brown, the margins 
of the areolets much 
darker, the costal 
area hyaline, the 
margins of the areo- 
lets piceous ; femora z i 
piceous, tibiz ochra- ) i 
ceous with their 
apices piceous, tarsi 
piceous ; structural KUAHANES INFLATUS. 
characters as in generic diagnosis. 

Long. 3} mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony ; Grahamstown. 


Genus SANAZARIUS. 
Sanazarius, Dist., Trs. 8. Afr. Phil. Soe., xiv., p. 431 (1904). 
Type S. cuneatus, Dist. 
SANAZARIUS PRODUCTUS, sp. n. 


Head and pronotum pitchy brown ; elytra with the discoidal, sub- 
costal, and sutural areas brownish ochraceous, thickly whitely 


44 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


pubescent, costal area greyish with transverse fuscous lines, a 
distinct spot a little before middle; body beneath pitchy brown, 
legs fuscous brown, tarsi apically blackish ; head with two long 
converging spines each 
placed just behind base 
of antennse, which have 
the first and second joints 
short, second shorter and 
less incrassated than 
first, third very long, 
at finely spinulose, fourth 
short, thick, pyriform ; 
pronotum with a raised 
subangulate hood with 
somewhat large areolets, 
disk tricarinate, its lateral 
angles broadly,  trans- 


SANAZARIUS INFLATUS. 


versely, somewhat obliquely produced. 

Long. 3 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony; Grahamstown. 

Allied to S. cuneatus, Dist., from which it differs by the more 
produced and obtusely angulate pronotal hood, the broader and less 
angular pronotal lateral areas, &e. 


Famity PHYMATID-. 


BOTHA, gen. nov. 


Head long, about two-thirds the length of pronotum, the margins 
subparallel, eyes inserted near middle, ocelli a little behind middle 
of postocular area, post- and ante-ocular areas about equal in length, 
centrally longitudinally sulcate from apex to a little behind middle ; 
antennz robust, apical joint longest, slightly longer than the 
preceding joints together, second and third joints shortest, sub- 
globose and subequal; pronotum shorter than breadth between 
pronotal angles which are broadly produced, their apices truncate 
and posteriorly subangulate, anterior half of lateral margins 
crenulate, two central longitudinal ridges on disk, and a central 
longitudinal impressed line, posterior angular margins undulate ; 
scutellum about as long as pronotum, longer than broad, the 
margins distinctly ridged, the apex subangulate or angularly 


Some South African Rhynchota in South African Museum. 46 


rounded ; corium a little shorter than head and pronotum together, 
the veins very prominent; membrane slightly passing abdominal 
apex; abdomen more or less angularly dilated on each side ; 
rostrum extending to about middle of prosternum, first joint 
considerably longest and stoutest; anterior coxe long but dis- 
tinctly shorter than femora. 

Type B. msignis, Dist. 

Allied to the Oriental genus Amblythyreus, but differs in having 
the second and third joints of the antenne very short, subequal and 
globose; first joint of rostrum longest, much longer than second, &c. 


BorTHaA INSIGNIS, Sp. Nov. 


Brownish ochraceous; scutellum, dilated abdomen above, body 
beneath and legs pale ochraceous; apex 
of abdomen above, castaneous; antennsze 
with the first and fourth joints distinctly 
granulose, the apical thicker and slightly 
curved at apex; head and pronotum | 
finely granulose; scutellum very finely 
rugulose, the extreme lateral margins 
finely crenulate; coxe strongly granu- 
late; central disk of abdomen beneath 
moderately testaceous; other structural 
characters as in generic diagnosis. 

Long. 11 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony; Mossel Bay. 


BorHa INSIGNIS. 


Famity REDUVIIDZE. 
NEOVARUS, gen. nov. 


Elongate ; moderately depressed; head almost as long as pro- 
notum, eyes placed a little nearer base than apex and extending 
transversely quite across the lateral areas of the head; ocelli large 
and prominent, situate between the eyes; antennze with the first 
joint slightly passing apex of head, second longest; pronotum 
transversely constructed before middle, the anterior lobe convex 
and sculptured but without a central longitudinal suleation or 
fissure, its anterior angles obtusely prominent, the posterior lobe 
with the lateral angles moderately subacutely produced, posterior 
lateral margins sinuate; scutellum slightly gibbous, transverse, 
a distinctly raised spine on each lateral margin and a more or 


46 Annals of the South African Museum. 


less suberect spine at apex; corium and membrane subequal in 
length in ?, membrane a little the longer in g, the membrane 
distinctly not reaching the abdominal apex in @ ; rostrum with 
the first joint slightly shorter than the second; legs moderate, 
anterior femora not spinous beneath, anterior tibize with an apical 
spongy fovea for about one-fourth the length from apex; posternum 
centrally longitudinally sulcate, allied to Varus, Stal, but differing 
in the distinct structure of the scutellum and the non-spinous 
anterior femora. 

The S. African species Reduvius varius, Walk., is included in this 
genus. 


NEOVARUS FLAVOMARGINATUS, sp. n. 


Ochraceous ; head with a curved line on anteocular area, a small 
spot above and behind insertions of antenna, a larger spot between 
eyes, and the disk of postocular area black ; pronotum with suffusions 
to anterior lobe, two broad elon- 
gate fasciz and a short submar- 
ginal line to posterior lobe black ; 
scutellum (excluding a_ short 
central line) black; apical half 
of clavus and adjoining inter- 
space to corium and the mem- 
brane black; body beneath black; 
lateral margins of sternum and 
abdomen, four discal spots to 
prosternum, a spot on each an- 
terior coxa, a subbasal central 
spot to abdomen and the legs 
ochraceous; anterior and _ inter- 

NEOVARUS FLAVOMARGINATUS. mediate femora and tibiz biannu- 
lated with black, posterior femora 
black annulated with ochraceous at base and near apex, posterior 
tibia annulated with black near base, rostrum black, more or less 
ochraceous beneath and at the margins of the joints; antenne with 
the first joint blackish, the second ochraceous, remainder muti- 
lated; pronotum finely punctate and wrinkled; rostrum with the 
second joint slightly longer than the first; abdomen above black, 
the connexivum ochraceous; structural characters as in generic 
diagnosis. 
Long. 18-20 mm. 
Hab. Cape Colony; Vryburg. 


Some South African Rhynchota in South African Museum. 47 


NEOVARUS LUTEIPENNIS, sp. 0. 


g. Black; lateral areas of tegmina from base to beyond{middle, 
ochraceous ; membrane piceous ; antennz piceous, pilose, first joint 
passing apex of head, 
second longest; head cen- 
trally longitudinally  sul- 
cate from in front of eyes 
to near apex; ocelli large aw) 
and somewhat ochraceous ; \\ 4 
scutellum with a_ short 
spine on each lateral mar- 
gin and a longer and 
slightly upwardly curved 
spine at apex; lateral mar- 
gins of connexivum more or 
less pilose; membrane not 
quite reaching abdominal 
apex ; rostrum piceous, first 
joint slightly shorter than 
the second ; prosternum NEOVARUS LUTEIPENNIS, 
distinctly longitudinally 
centrally sulcate; base of anal segment beneath ochraceous. 

Long., f, 22 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony; Hanover. 


Genus HOLOTRICHIUS. 


Holotrichius, Burm., Handb. Ent. ii. p. 247 (1835). 
Type, H. tenebrosus, Burm. 


HoLoTRICHIUS SEGMENTARIUS, Sp. n. 

@. Body, first joint of antennze and legs greyishly pilose, and 
above more or less longly fuscously setose, head longer than 
pronotum, a distinct tubercle on post-ocular area near base, lateral 
margins of ante-ocular area distinctly setose; eyes moderately 
small, longer than broad; rostrum pitchy brown, the basal joint 
greyishly pilose and shortly setose ; antenne with the first joint 
longer than the ante-ocular area of the head and distinctly longer 
than the third joint, longly setose, second and third joints pale 
brownish, their apices piceous ; pronotum with the basal margin— 
including the lateral angles—about twice as broad as the anterior 

z 


48 Annals of the South African Museum. 


margin, the anterior angles obtusely angularly produced, a pro- 
minent rounded tubercle on 
each lateral margin behind the 
anterior lobe, the posterior 
lateral angles prominent and 
suberect, their apices somewhat 
conical ; scutellum with a long 
apical, erect, slender, pitchy- 
brown spine; abdomen ovate, 
longer than greatest width, 
basal segment with a narrow 
basal transverse elevation with 
a small tubercle at each ex- 
tremity, lateral margins dilately 
reflexed, apical segment sub- 
concavely attenuated on each 
side, the segmental margins 
piceously determinated. 

Long. 20 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony; Dun- 


HoLorricHtus SEGMEN?ARIUS. 


brody. 

A large species somewhat allied to H. farinator, Reut., but 
differing by the tubercles to the lateral pronotal margins, the 
totally different shape of the posterior pronotal lobe, shorter third 
joint of antenne, longer head, ke. 


Genus PIRATES. 
Pirates, Serv., Ann. Se. Nat. xxiii. p. 215 (1831). 
Pirates, Burm. (part), Handb. ii. pp. 222 and 239 (1835). 
Type, P. hybridus, Scop. 


PIRATES MONTIVAGUS, Sp. Nn. 


Entirely black; head opaque black, about as long as the anterior 
lobe of the pronotum, a short central longitudinal incision in front 
of the ocelli which are prominent and shining ochraceous in hue ; 
antennz fuscously pilose, the basal joint almost smooth, shorter 
than head, second and third joints subequal in length, each a little 
shorter than pronotum; rostrum with the first joint a little shorter 
than the second; pronotum glossy, shining black, anterior lobe 
longer and narrower than the posterior lobe, coarsely longitudinally 
grooved, the anterior angles strongly nodulose, the lateral margins 


Some South African Rhynchota in South African Museum. 49 


moderately rounded, flattened and narrowing towards the anterior 
angles, posterior lobe more or less rugosely impressed, its lateral 
angles non-prominent and rounded; scutellum with the lateral 
margins ridged, the apex somewhat nodulose ; corium and membrane 
slightly shining black, but duller in hue than the pronotum, apical 
margin of the membrane faintly fuscous; sternum more or less 
fuscously pilose; anterior femora strongly grooved beneath ; 
posterior tibiz longly setose, anterior and intermediate tibix 
with a spongy furrow not reaching middle, anterior femora 
minutely tuberculously spinose beneath. 

Long. 28 mm. 

Hab. S. Rhodesia; Matoppo Hills. 

The largest Ethiopian species of the genus with which I am 
acquainted. 


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: Ts -_ 
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nt y 
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INDEX 
(to Part II., Vol. X., Papers 3 and 4). 


HEMEROBIIDA. 

PAGE PAGE 
romiulusa(Ralpares)iee nsec. + <cecses2eeee SIP | GRAGPARES') veascca-nccseseenseeeeceeeece 31 
karrooa (Nemoptera) ................4. 36 || sobrinus’ (Palpares)|. 02. .seeeseeseceen 33 
Oineili (Palpares)).....<00.6...000.566.00 33 | sparsus (Palpares) ..............000000 33 
INEEMOP DURAN sto teeoessetieaseisececscnceeeesee 36 | 

RHYNCHOTA. 

1B YON 3 1. Goc.godoconenandacnbqnadecoqadensegenor 44 | montivagus (Pirates) ..............0..- 48 
durbani (Rhodesia) ..............5...0+ 41 |) NEOVARIUS! cc nse.ceeccesemenecsnnceeseneees 45 
IRIUAUAIN IS Pasesiacisciaseissisienasteccesiseseceoe 42 | OANNES ...... jue e dowels Saltese eee 39 
flavomarginatus (Neovarius) ......... 46 | peringueyi (Lygsus) ...............--- 42 
HOHOMRICHUS oerersesiessese-Ssieci «aces AT: || PIRATES) so225 jcccoes. eeceer ease eccedee set 48 
inflatus (Huahanes).............00...06+ 43 | productus (Sanazarius) ............... 43 
iinakstFedauts) (8X0) 6%), GongeoseadopaeoSuoSEeeoe AG” RHODESIAS fevacaseee escent saceeneseesentene 41 
Mimeaini Si (MECTGER) eossccesccons snes n seers 39) |, SANAZARTUS Secscroseseeeeeecereceseresces 43 
luteipennis (Neovarius) ...........0++5 45 | segmentarius (Holotrichus) ......... 47 
NAY. GHAI Sieaeciemeeee tsetse idee: ccis seisseinewinsees 42> spinosus (Oanmes)eercescessesereses 39 
Min CID EAs scteerccmeccens: qerstiescecssooreces 39 


(53) 


5.—New South African Micro-Lepidoptera.—By E. Meyrick, 
Bev. Ene. 


IIL* 


By the kindness of Dr. L. Péringuey I have received for examina- 
tion a further collection of specimens from various sources ; the types 
of the new species are in the South African Museum. 


PTEROPHORIDA. 


Gren. TRICHOPTILUS, Wals. 
TRICHOPTILUS CRYPHIAS, D. sp. 


S$ ?. 13-14 mm. Head and thorax brown irrorated with 
blackish and whitish, posterior margin of thorax white. Abdomen 
brown mixed with whitish and striated with blackish. Forewings 
cleft to middle, segments linear; reddish-fuscous suffusedly irro- 
rated throughout with blackish; first segment with slender whitish 
bars at 2 and $ of its length, former indicated also on second seg- 
ment: cilia dark fuscous, on costa with white patches on bars, both 
margins of first segment with some black and white scales towards 
apex, upper margin of second segment with some black scales 
towards apex preceded by some white scales and followed by a 
white apical patch, dorsum with a white patch on bar of second seg- 
ment. Hindwings dark fuscous, slightly reddish-tinged; cilia dark 
fuscous, dorsum with a small black scaletooth at 2 and two or three 
black scales at apex. 

TRANSVAAL, Barberton, in May (H. Edwards); two specimens, 
not in good condition. 


* The two previous contributions are to be found in Vol. V. of the Annals, 


54 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gen. PLATYPTILIA, Hibn. 


PLATYPTILIA PATRIARCHA, DN. Sp. 


3. 16mm. Head and thorax pale fuscous sprinkled with dark 
fuscous, forehead without tuft. Palpi 14, whitish irrorated with 
dark fuscous. Antenne whitish lined with dark fuscous. Abdomen 
fuscous, becoming whitish-ochreous towards base, segmental 
margins whitish dotted with dark fuscous, anal tuft whitish- 
ochreous. Forewings cleft to before 2, segments moderately broad, 
apex pointed, termen oblique, of first segment straight, of second 
slightly sinuate ; light. brownish-ochreous irregularly sprinkled with 
dark fuscous and whitish ; costal edge dark fuscous except a whitish 
patch beyond cleft, slightly thickened above cleft; a cloudy dark 
fuscous dot in disc at 4, and two transversely placed at angles of 
cleft ; a transverse whitish line on first segment near before termen, 
preceded and followed by rather dark fuscous suffusion, and a 
similar less marked line on second segment : cilia ochreous-whitish, 
at lower angle of first segment with a black dot and fuscous bar, 
and another black basal dot above this, at apex of second segment 
with a black basal dot, on dorsum with small black scale-projections 
beyond middle of wing and beyond cleft. Hindwings dark grey ; 
cilia grey, above apex tinged with whitish, on basal half of dorsum 
with several small scattered dark fuscous scales. 

ZuLuLAND, Mfongosi, in April (W. E. Jones); one specimen. 
An early form of the genus 


Grn. PTEROPHORUS, Geof. 
PTEROPHORUS SORDIDATUS, DN. Sp. 


3. 19 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish, face fuscous- 
tinged. Palpi hardly over 1, whitish. Antennal ciliations 4. 
Abdomen ochreous-whitish, longitudinally streaked with brownish. 
Forewings cleft to %, segments moderate, acute ; ochreous-whitish, 
mostly suffused with very pale brownish-ochreous except on second 
segment, which is suffused with white, darkest on anterior portion 
of first segment; extreme costal edge dark fuscous from near base 
to ®: cilia greyish-ochreous, whitish towards base, on costa of first 
segment white except a dark fuscous patch from its middle to near 
apex, on anterior margin of second segment rather dark fuscous, on 
dorsum with large patch of fuscous suffusion before cleft and two 
smaller ones posteriorly. Hindwings with segments narrow, acute ; 
grey ; cilia greyish-ochreous. 

OrANGE FREE State, Smithfield (D. R. Kannemeyer) ; one 
specimen. 


Or 
Or 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 


MACROTINACTIS, n. g. 


Forehead with slightly projecting scales; ocelli obsolete. Labia 
palpi moderately long, straight, ascending, with appressed scales, 
terminal joint nearly as long as second, hardly pointed. Forewings 
bifid, cleft from near middle; 2 almost connate with 4, 3 and 4 
stalked, 5 and 6 very short, 7 from below angle, 9 and 10 absent, 
11 approximated to 8 at base. Hindwings trifid, third segment 
with tuft of black scales in dorsal cilia; 3 absent, 5 and 6 obsolete, 
7 to apex, 

Type stenodactyla Fletch. (Oxyptilus stenodactylus Fletch., Entom., 
1911, 282). An example from Mfongosi, Zululand, in May (Jones) 
appears to agree sufficiently with the original description, except 
that the termen of second segment of forewings is concave, its 
apex falcate, as in Hampson’s figure of Titanoptilus, to which 
genus there is undoubted relationship ; the two genera constitute a 
special line of development from Platyptilia, quite unconnected 
with Oxyptilus. 

Gen. AGDISTIS, Htibn. 
AGDISTIS INFUMATA, DN. sp. 


3. 23-24 mm. Head whitish mixed with fuscous, face obtusely 
prominent, Palpi white sprinkled with pale grey. Thorax whitish 
sprinkled with fuscous. Abdomen fuscous mixed with whitish. 
Forewings with apex tolerably pointed, termen slightly rounded, 
rather strongly oblique; light greyish-ochreous, slightly sprinkled 
with whitish, with scattered black scales; triangular area purplish- 
grey irrorated with blackish, contrasting strongly with light ground 
colour, with a small hlackish spot at its inverted apex, an elongate 
one beneath its lower margin beyond middle, and a small one be- 
tween this and first: cilia whitish-ochreous, with dark fuscous spots 
at apex and tornus, and two on costa. Hindwings grey, irrorated 
with dark fuscous towards lower part of termen; cilia whitish- 
fuscous, with fuscous median shade. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in May (W. E. Jones); three specimens. 


CARPOSINIDAL. 


Gren. CARPOSINA, Herr.-Sch. 


CARPOSINA SITURGA, Ni. Sp. 


?. 19mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale whitish-ochreous. 
Palpi 4, ochreous-whitish, partially sprinkled with dark fuscous. 


56 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Forewings elongate, rather narrow, posteriorly dilated, costa gently 
arched, apex obtuse, termen almost straight, oblique; whitish- 
ochreous, slightly and irregularly sprinkled with fine fuscous and 
dark fuscous irroration tending to form dots on margins; an 
inwardly oblique mark of dark fuscous irroration on extremity of 
submedian fold: cilia whitish-ochreous, finely sprinkled with fuscous. 
Hindwings grey-whitish, slightly greyer towards apex; cilia whitish. 
ORANGE FREE Stare, Smithfield (Kannemeyer) ; one specimen. 


TORTRICIDAL. 


Gren. TORTREG int 
TORTRIX CRISPATA, 0. Sp. 


g. 19-21 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, shoulders 
more ochreous-tinged. Palpi 3, ochreous-whitish irrorated with 
dark fuscous. Antenne subdentate, ciliations 14. Abdomen 
ochreous-whitish. Forewings moderate, slightly dilated posteriorly, 
costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly slightly arched, without 
fold, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, slightly oblique ; whitish- 
ochreous suffusedly strigulated or reticulated with yellow-ochreous ; 
costa suffused with ferruginous-brownish, with scattered strigule of 
blackish irroration; dorsal edge with some blackish scales; an 
irregular grey spot sprinkled with blackish towards costa at 4, indi- 
cating angle of basal patch; central fascia oblique, rather narrow 
towards costa, dilated downwards, ferruginous-ochreous partially 
suffused with grey and sprinkled with blackish ; costal spot repre- 
sented by two blackish-grey strigulee united at extremity, whence a 
line of small grey strigule runs to tornus, apical area beyond this 
with scattered blackish-grey strigule: cilia ochreous-whitish. 
Hindwings and cilia ochreous-whitish. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in November (W. E. Jones) ; two specimens. 
Allied to capensana, and might be overlooked as this species, 
though differently marked; distinct by longer ciliations of antennx 
(in capensana not over 1), and palpi also rather longer. 


TORTRIX MENSARIA, 0. Sp. 


g. 19 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax yellow-ochreous. An- 
tennal ciliations 1. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate, costa 
gently arched, without fold, apex round-pointed, termen somewhat 
sinuate, rather strongly oblique; ochreous-yellow, costal edge 


kK 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 57 
tinged with whitish-grey ; whole surface irregularly strewn with 
small bluish-leaden-metallic spots: cilia whitish-ochreous, base 
ochreous-yellow. Hindwings dark grey; cilia whitish-ochreous, 
with grey subbasal shade. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in November (W. E. Jones); one specimen. 


KUCOSMIDAi 


Gren. EUCOSMA, Hibn. 
EUCOSMA SICCESCENS, N. sp. 


g. 20mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi whitish, somewhat 
sprinkled with dark fuscous. Thorax whitish, patagia sprinkled with 
brownish. Abdomen whitish sprinkled with grey. Forewings 
elongate, somewhat narrow, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa 
slightly arched, without fold, apex obtuse, termen hardly rounded, 
rather oblique; pale brownish, irregularly sprinkled and strigulated 
with dark fuscous; costa with obscure whitish strigule alternating 
with dark fuscous irroration ; posterior third of wing with suffused 
irregular partially confluent silvery-whitish striz, one immediately 
before termen more distinct and preceded in ocellus by three elongate 
black dots: cilia white irrorated with dark fuscous. Hind-wings with 3 
and 4 stalked ; rather dark grey; cilia whitish irrorated with fuscous. 

BusHMANLAND, Jackals Water (R. M. Lightfoot) ; one specimen. 


EUCOSMA GALACTITIS, nN. Sp. 


3 @. 17-18 mm. Head white. Palpi white, second joint with 
long rough projecting scales, with a grey band. Antenne in g 
simple. Thorax grey mixed with dark fuscous and whitish. Fore- 
wings elongate, posteriorly somewhat dilated, costa in 3 gently, in 
? moderately arched, in g without fold, apex obtuse, termen 
sinuate in middle, somewhat oblique; fuscous mixed with brown and 
dark fuscous ; costal edge dark fuscous with pairs of whitish strigule, 
whence arise oblique dark leaden strigzee not reaching half across 
wing; an irregular subquadrate white blotch occupying median 
third of dorsum and reaching more than half across wing, including 
two or three greyish dots or marks, dorsal edge between this and 
base irregularly marked with whitish ; an irregular white tornal blotch 
representing ocellus, containing two black dots near middie of 
posterior edge and apex, and surmounted by a small irregular 
blackish spot: cilia leaden-fuscous mixed with dark fuscous, with 


58 Annals of the South African Museum. 


white tornal patch. Hindwings with 3 and 4 stalked; in g grey- 
whitish, becoming pale grey towards apex, in ? light grey; cilia 
whitish with grey subbasal line, round apex grey. 

TRANSVAAL, Barberton, in April (H. Edwards), and Johannesburg, 
in January (one g in my own collection); Zunutanp, Mfongosi, in 
May (W. E. Jones); three specimens. At first sight very like 
E. leucopetra, but larger, and the male of that species has a costal 
fold, besides differences of detail. 


CHLIDANOTIDA. 


Gren. TRYMALITIS, Meyr. 


TRYMALITIS SCALIFERA, Nn. Sp. 


g- 18mm. Head ferruginous, with a white band behind antenne, 
lower part of face whitish. Palpi white, second joint ferruginous 
above. Antenne grey. Thorax white, spotted with light brownish. 
Abdomen pale ochreous, apex white. Forewings rather elongate- 
triangular, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate, 
rather oblique ; snow-white ; a small dark fuscous spot on costa near 
base, and several dark fuscous strigule between this and a roundish 
brown spot resting on costa before middle, thence to apical spot the 
costa is narrowly dark brown cut by oblique white strigule ; a rather 
broad streak of fuscous suffusion partially tinged with ferruginous and 
transversely strigulated with silvery-whitish extending along dorsum 
from base to tornus ; arather thick irregular dark brown streak much 
strigulated transversely with silvery-whitish and somewhat mixed 
with pale leaden-grey extending from costa before apical mark to 
dorsal streak at >; an elongate-triangular ferruginous-orange mark 
on costa before apex, edged above with white at apex, and beneath 
by a curved white line, below which is a round yellow apical spot ; a 
series of four small leaden-grey spots before termen, each preceded 
by a fine black transverse-linear mark: cilia white, at apex ferru- 
ginous, tips ferruginous on upper part of termen. Hindwings light 
grey, apex narrowly whitish; cilia white, with two blackish basal 
dots at and above apex, and a fine greyish basal line, round apex with 
a ferruginous postmedian line becoming fuscous on upper part of 
termen. 

ZuLuLAND, Mfongosi, in November (W. E. Jones) ; one specimen. 
Approaches’ the Australian optima, but can be immediately dis- 
tinguished by the markings on posterior half of costa. 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 59 
GHLECHIADA. 


Gren. PALTODORA, Meyr. 


PALTODORA MAGNANIMA, N. sp. 

3 ?. 27-28 mm. Head whitish, in 9 irrorated with dark 
fuscous. Palpi white, second joint suffusedly irrorated with fuscous 
or dark fuscous except apical edge, tuft long. Antenne in gf dark 
grey, in @ whitish. Thorax whitish suffusedly irrorated with 
fuscous or dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, very 
narrow, costa gently arched, apex acute, termen sinuate, extremely 
oblique ; pale brownish-ochreous mixed with whitish and more or less 
irrorated with dark fuscous, veins sometimes partially streaked with 
whitish ; cloudy dark fuscous dots beneath costa near base and at 4; 
two cloudy dark fuscous dots on fold obliquely beyond these, con- 
nected by a fine dark fuscous streak with plical stigma, this streak 
edged above with white ; stigmata dark fuscous, plical much before 
first discal, first discal elongate, second dot-like : cilia pale brownish- 
ochreous, in g largely suffused with fuscous, on termen with 
interrupted dark fuscous antemedian line. Hindwings grey ; cilia 
light fuscous. 

OrancE Free State, Smithfield (D. R. Kannemeyer); two 
specimens. 

PALTODORA PENTACENTRA, 0. Sp. 


na 


g. 20 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-white, shoulders dark 
fuscous. Palpi brownish-ochreous irrorated with dark fuscous, tuft 
long, terminal joint and apical edge of second white. Abdomen 
ochreous-whitish. Forewings narrowly elongate-lanceolate, apex 
produced, acute; whitish-ochreous; costa slightly sprinkled with 
brownish specks ; conspicuous black dots beneath costa at 4 and §; 
stigmata black, plical obliquely before first discal: cilia whitish- 
ochreous. Hindwings ochreous-whitish ; cilia whitish-ochreous. 
ZuivuLaNd, Mfongosi, in November (W. E. Jones) ; one specimen. 


PALTODORA HELICAULA, 0. sp. 


9. 14mm. Head and thorax whitish, patagia with a line of 
dark fuscous irroration. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewings 
elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen sinuate, 
extremely oblique; white, tinged with brownish and irrorated with 
blackish except on costa and veins, which form undefined white 
streaks: cilia rosy-whitish irrorated with blackish. Hindwings light 
grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous tinged with grey. 


60 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Care Contony, Kimberley, in December (Bro. J. H. Power); one 
specimen. Bred from a larva in a case closely resembling a snail- 
shell (Helix), formed of grey silk covered with excrement and refuse, 
being a tube coiled in a spiral cone of three whorls, increasing 
from apex to mouth, height 6 mm., diameter of bottom whorl 10 mm. ; 
food not recorded. This is a very singular habit, deserving further 
study. 


PALTODORA HIBERNA, 0. Sp. 


3 @?. 13-14mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders somewhat 
sprinkled with grey. Palpi white, terminal joint blackish except 
apex. Abdomen grey-whitish. Forewings lanceolate, apex produced, 
acute ; white, sprinkled in g with dark fuscous, in ? with grey ; 
undefined spots of dark fuscous irroration on fold at + of wing, and 
towards costa at 2; stigmata dark fuscous, plical very obliquely 
before first discal, both these in one specimen little marked, second 
discal followed by an undefined streak of dark fuscous suffusion 
extended towards apex: cilia whitish, round apex sprinkled with 
grey or dark fuscous towards base. Hindwings pale grey or 
whitish-grey ; cilia ochreous-whitish. 

ZuuuLAND, Mfongosi, in April and May (W. EH. Jones); three 
specimens. 


Gren. MEGACRASPEDUS, Zell. 
MEGACRASPEDUS INCOLA, n. sp. 


?. 25 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish, shoulders 
sprinkled with brownish and black. (Palpi broken.) Forewings 
elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen very 
obliquely rounded; pale ochreous partially tinged with whitish, 
and sprinkled irregularly with brownish; two small spots of black 
irroration on costa towards base, and beneath costa in middle, and 
four on costa posteriorly ; a dot of blackish irroration near base in 
middle, one in disc at 4, one on fold beyond this, and three repre- 
senting stigmata, plical rather obliquely before first discal; some 
scattered black scales towards costa posteriorly: cilia whitish- 
ochreous, at base on termen with several scattered blackish scales. 
Hindwings whitish-grey; cilia whitish-ochreous, with a faint 
greyish shade. 

Care Cotony, Kimberley, in December (Bro. J. H. Powell); one 
specimen. Bred from a large ovate woody gall (34 mm. x 23 mm.) 
on twig of an unnamed shrub. In superficial appearance and in 
the gall-making habit this species strongly recalls Oecocecis guyo- 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 61 


nella, but does not possess the peculiar neuration of that genus ; 
however the relationship is doubtless real and close. 


GEN. GNORIMOSCHEMA, Busck. 
GNORIMOSCHEMA INFIRMA, N. sp. 


3 ?. 10-14 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish, sometimes 
with a few fuscous specks. Palpi white, second joint irrorated with 
fuscous except apex, terminal joint sometimes with slight basal and 
subapical rings of dark fuscous irroration. Abdomen ochreous- 
whitish. Forewings lanceolate, acute; ochreous-whitish or pale 
whitish-ochreous, sprinkled with grey and dark fuscous specks ; 
stigmata moderately large, blackish, plical rather before first discal, 
second discal below middle: cilia ochreous-whitish, towards base 
with afew dark fuscous specks. Hindwings very pale grey; cilia 
pale whitish-ochreous. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in May (W. E. Jones); BusHmanuanp, 
Henkries (R. M. Lightfoot); six specimens. Also Transvaat, Bar- 
berton, in December and January (Janse). 


Gren. GELECHIA, Hiibn. 
GELECHIA TRIPLACOPIS, 0. sp. 


3. 16mm. Head and thorax fuscous mixed with dark fuscous 
and ochreous-whitish. Palpi fuscous irrorated with blackish, apex 
of joints whitish, terminal joint as long as second. Abdomen grey, 
anal tuft ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa 
gently arched, apex pointed, termen very obliquely rounded, 6 some- 
times out of 7 near base; fuscous irrorated with dark fuscous and 
somewhat mixed with ochreous-whitish; a small dark fuscous spot 
beneath costa near base, followed by a spot of ochreous- whitish 
suffusion; stigmata rather large, blackish, edged posteriorly by 
spots of ochreous-whitish suffusion and anteriorly more or less with 
brown, plical much before first discal ; a spot of ochreous-whitish 
suffusion on costa at +: cilia fuscous, suffused with whitish at base 
round apex, and spotted with dark fuscous irroration towards base 
on termen. Hindwings over 1, termen hardly sinuate, 6 and 7 
stalked; grey; cilia light grey. 

CapE Cotony, Tulbagh (R. M. Lightfoot); two specimens. 


MACHLOTRICHA, n. g. 


Head smooth; tongue developed. Antenne +, basal joint 
elongate, without pecten, Labial palpi very long, porrected, second 


62 Annals of the South African Museum, 


joint very long, straight, densely rough-scaled above and with very 
long rough projecting scales beneath, terminal joint directed 
obliquely sideways, shorter than second, slender, acute. Maxillary 
palpi minute, filiform, appressed to tongue. Posterior tibiz smooth- 
scaled. Forewings with 2 and 3 stalked from angle, 7 and 8 stalked, 
7 to apex, 11 from middle. Hindwings 1, trapezoidal, termen 
slightly sinuate beneath apex, cilia 1; 4 absent, 5 somewhat approxi- 
mated to 3, 6 and 7 stalked. 
A development of Trichotaphe. 


MACHLOTRICHA CHCA, N. sp. 


?. 14mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark grey finely sprinkled 
with whitish, terminal joint of palpi whitish. Abdomen grey. 
Forewings elongate, costa anteriorly moderately, posteriorly slightly 
arched, apex obtuse, termen straight, oblique; grey irrorated with 
blackish, finely sprinkled with whitish; a patch of darker suffusion 
in disc before middle, and the whitish irroration appears to form a 
transverse shade at *, angulated outwards in middle and inwards 
above this, but no defined markings: cilia dark fuscous sprinkled 
with whitish. Hindwings grey ; cilia light greyish. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in May (W. E. Jones); one specimen. 


XYLORYCTIDA, 


Gren. ODITES, Wals. 


ODITES CROCOTA, n. sp. 

3g. 21mm. Head and thorax whitish-yellowish. Palpi yellow- 
whitish, basal half of second joint tinged with ochreous. Abdomen 
ochreous-whitish. orewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently 
arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, oblique; whitish- 
yellowish ; second discal stigma blackish: cilia whitish-yellowish. 
Hindwings and cilia whitish, 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in October (W. E. Jones); one specimen. 
Might readily be overlooked for Cryptolechia straminella. 


ODITES INSONS, Nn. sp. 

@. 18 mm. Wholly ochreous-whitish. (Palpi broken.) Fore- 
wings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen 
slightly rounded, oblique. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in April (W. E. Jones) ; one specimen, 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 63 
COSMOPTERYGIDA. 


Gen. COSMOPTERYX, Hin. 
COSMOPTERYX LIENIGIELLA Zell, 


ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in November (W. E. Jones); one specimen, 
which, though not in good condition, appears to agree fully in all 
respects with the ordinary European form; I have no doubt of its 
specific identity. The foodplant, Phragmites communis, the common 
reed, is cosmopolitan in distribution. 


SCYTHRIDA. 


Grn. SCYTHRIS, Hiibn. 


SCYTHRIS ROSEOLA, 0, sp. 


3 @. 1619 mm. Headand thorax grey suffused with ochreous- 
whitish, faintly rosy-tinged. Palpi rosy-whitish, suffused with 
fuscous anteriorly. Antennal ciliations in g¢ 1. Abdomen whitish- 
grey, in 3g more whitish posteriorly, in @ suffused with 
- whitish-ochreous, anal tuft of g whitish-ochreous, ventral surface 
ochreous-whitish. Forewings clongate-lanceolate; rather dark 
fuscous; a rosy-whitish median longitudinal streak from base to 
near termen; a streak of rosy-whitish suffusion along costa from 
4 to apex: cilia fuscous, on costa whitish. Hindwings with 4 and 5 
stalked; rather dark grey; cilia fuscous. 

ZuLuLAND, Mfongosi, in March and April (W. E. Jones) ; 
MATABELELAND, Bulawayo (H. C. Pead); four specimens. 


ScyYTHRIS MELANODORA, 0. Sp, 


g. 16-17 mm. Head and thorax pale whitish-brown. Palpi 
whitish, second joint greyish-ochreous anteriorly, mixed with 
blackish towards apex. Antennal ciliations §. Abdomen whitish- 
ochreous. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, apex 
pointed, termen faintly sinuate, very oblique ; pale whitish-brownish ; 
a small black spot beneath fold at + of wing, a black dot just above 
dorsum obliquely before this ; a more or less developed black dot or 
group of scales on fold rather beyond this, representing plical 
stigma ; second diseal stigma black, at 2 of wing, and a blackish dot 
or group of scales on tornus rather beyond this: cilia whitish- 


64 Annals of the South African Museum. 


brownish. Hindwings with 4 and 5 stalked; grey, paler towards 
base ; cilia whitish-brownish. 

OrANGE FREE State, Smithfield (D. R. Kannemeyer); Trans- 
vaAL, Barberton, in March (H. Edwards); two specimens. 


SCYTHRIS FACULENTA, Nn. sp. 


S$. 10mm. Head, palpi, and thorax grey. Forewings elongate- 
lanceolate, acute; dark fuscous with bases of scales whitish, 
appearing grey: cilia fuscous. Hindwings with 4 and 5d stalked; 
grey ; cilia fuscous. 

OrANGE FREE State, Smithfield (D. R. Kannemeyer); one 
specimen. 


GiCOPHORID AL. 


Gen. CdUSYRA, Meyr. 
Ca@syYRA RUTILA, N. sp. 


3. 12-14 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax orange- 
ochreous, terminal joint of palpi half second, antennal ciliations 
of g 1. Abdomen pale ochreous. Forewings elongate, rather 
narrow, costa moderately arched, apex tolerably pointed, termen 
extremely obliquely rounded; ochreous-orange, sometimes slightly 
sprinkled with brownish posteriorly : cilia concolorous. Hindwings 
whitish-ochreous ; cilia ochreous-yellowish. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in October and November (W. E. Jones) ; 
four specimens. 


HYPONOMEUTIDA 


THYESTARCHA, n. g. 


Head smooth; ocelli absent; tongue developed. Antenne +, 
in g simple, basal joint elongate, without pecten. Labial palpi 
long, recurved, second joint with appressed scales, somewhat rough 
towards apex beneath, terminal joint shorter than second, slender, 
acute. Maxillary palpi very short, filiform, appressed to tongue. 
Anterior tibize and basal joints of tarsi thickened with rough scales, 
posterior tibize with long hairs. Forewings with 2 from 3, 3 from 
before angle, 4 from angle, 5 approximated, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to 
costa, 11 from somewhat before middle. Hindwings under 1, 
ovate-lanceolate, cilia 14; 3 and 4 connate, 5-7 nearly parallel. 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 65 


Intermediate between Hednophora and Isocrita, both of which 
genera, together with Diocosma, Honympha, Erotis, and Epiphractis, 
I think must be regarded as belonging to this family, the last genus 
giving the connection with Gymnogramma. The Cicophoride may 
perhaps originate from this group. 


THYESTARCHA EDAX, 0. sp. 


$ 2. 13-14 mm. Head whitish-yellowish, back of crown 
spotted with red. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint tinged with 
crimson towards apex. Thorax whitish-yellow spotted with red. 
Abdomen pale whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, costa 
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen very obliquely 
rounded ; pale ochreous-yellowish, reticulated with orange-red, with 
a few scattered blackish scales; orange-red streaks, in ¢ suffused 
with dark purplish, in ¢ marked with series of small bright dark 
leaden-metallic spots surrounded with black irroration, as under, 
viz., one from before middle of dorsum to beyond middle of costa, 
sending a branch from disc to costa before middle, from its costal 
extremity crossing wing again to termen above tornus, where it 
meets a streak running all round termen and posterior portion of 
costa: cilia deep yellow suffused with crimson-reddish. Hindwings 
pale whitish-ochreous; cilia pale ochreous tinged with reddish. 

Ruopesia, Livingstone (R. Power). Two specimens, Cape Colony, 
O’Kiep, bred from the dried body of the large boring beetle Apate 
terebrans ; also TRANSVAAL, Pretoria and Barberton, in February and 
March (Janse Edwards). The particulars recorded of the larva seem 
to imply some highly interesting and peculiar form of parasitism, and 
it is much to be hoped that further investigations may be made. 


Gen. ISOCRITA, Meyr. 


ISOCRITA PSALACTIS, N. sp. 


?. 13mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen ochreous-whitish. 
Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, 
termen extremely obliquely rounded; ochreous-whitish; markings 
fuscous with a few black scales; spots on costa at + and dorsum 
at 2, connected by a streak; a triangular blotch on costa beyond 
middle, its apex with two faint brownish prolongations in dise, 
accompanied by some raised black scales; a spot of light fuscous 
suffusion on tornus; a narrow oblique streak near before apex : 
cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-ochreous. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in November (W. E. Jones); two specimens. - 


66 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gren. EPIPHRACTIS, Meyr. 
EPIPHRACTIS AULICA, n. sp. 


?. 18mm. Head and palpi purplish-rosy sprinkled with whitish 
points, face whitish, terminal joint of palpi half second. Thorax 
light ochreous-yeilow. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, costa 
moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen almost straight, oblique ; 
ferruginous suffused with purplish-rosy ; an elongate light ochreous- 
yellow patch extending along dorsum from base to beyond middle 
and reaching to fold, terminated posteriorly by an oblique deep 
purple mark: cilia ferruginous suffused with purplish-rosy. Hind- 
wings grey, somewhat darker posteriorly ; cilia grey. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in November (W. EH. Jones); one specimen. 


Gren. GYMNOGRAMMA, Zell. 


GYMNOGRAMMA CYANEA, Nl. Sp. 


$?. 19-20 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, abdomen, and 
legs blue-blackish. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex 
rounded-obtuse, termen rounded, rather oblique; blue-blackish : 
cilia concolorous. Hindwings and cilia very deep blue, fading to 
dark fuscous. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in October and November (W. EH. Jones), 
four specimens; NAavtau, Pinetown (G. F. Leigh), one in my own col- 


lection. 
Gen. HYPONOMEUTA, Latv. 
HyYPONOMEUTA NIGRICOLA, Nn. sp. 


$ @. 17-18 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax dark leaden- 
grey, tongue yellow. Abdomen blackish. Forewings elongate, rather 
narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather 
oblique; dark glossy leaden-grey; about sixteen black dots as 
follows, viz., two near base (subcostal and median), three in a 
subdorsal series, three obliquely beyond these above fold, three 
beneath costa (third little beyond middle), one in dise at 3 (some- 
times a second beyond this), and two or three transversely placed 
towards apex : cilia leaden-grey. Hindwings blackish; an elongate 
transparent patch beneath cell at base; cilia blackish. 

TRANSVAAL, Barberton (H. Edwards); ZunLunanp, Mfongosi 
(W. E. Jones), in March and April; four specimens. Very like 
fumigata, but smaller, and dots differently placed and less numerous, 
basal hyaline patch of hindwings larger. 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 67 


Gren. XYROSARIS, Meyr. 


XYROSARIS SECRETA, 0. sp. 


?. 15 mm, Head white. Palpi and thorax white irrorated 
with grey and dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Forewings elongate, 
narrow, Widest before middle, thence attenuated, costa moderately 
arched, apex pointed, termen faintly sinuate, extremely oblique ; 
whitish-grey, partially tinged with brownish, and finely sprinkled 
with black points; several minute black dots anteriorly ; undefined 
opposite spots of black irroration on costa and dorsum at 2, and a 
less distinct spot on costa at 2; a black dot or group of scales in 
dise at #; a minute black dot near apex, and one on costa obliquely 
before this: cilia whitish-grey, on costa sprinkled with blackish. 
Hindwings grey, thinly scaled towards base but without clear 
hyaline space; cilia grey. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in April (W. HE. Jones); one specimen. 
Very like maligna, but without the conspicuous hyaline spaces 
in hindwings. 


oO 
>: 


PLEXIPPICA, n. 


Head loosely haired ; tongue absent. Antenne /, in ¢ serrate, 
minutely ciliated, basal joint moderately elongate, with strong 
pecten of scales. Labial palpi moderately long, porrected, second 
joint clothed with dense rough projecting scales above, terminal 
joint short, obtuse. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Posterior tibix 
clothed with hairs above. Forewings with 2 from #, 3 from angle, 
7 absent, 8-10 rather near together, 11 from before middle. Hind- 
2-5 parallel, 5 and 6 
parallel. 


Wings under 1, elongate-lanceolate, cilia 2 ; 
rather approximated towards base, 6 and 7 


PLEXIPPICA VERBERATA, 0D. Sp. 


$. 16 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous mixed with white. 
Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa almost 
straight, apex pointed, termen hardly rounded, extremely oblique ; 
fuscous, irregularly mixed with white, veins darker fuscous; a 
moderately broad white median longitudinal streak from + to 2, 
divided below its middle by a line of dark fuscous scales not 
reaching anterior extremity: cilia whitish-fuscous, at base with 
some dark fuscous scales. Hindwings whitish-grey: cilia pale 
whitish-ochreous. 

BusHMANLAND, Jackals Water (R. M. Lightfoot); one specimen. 

6 


63 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gen. SCYTHROPIA, Hiibn. 


SCYTHROPIA CROCOSTACTA, nN. sp. 


g. 14-15 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax white. Abdomen pale 
grey. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex 
obtuse-pointed, termen hardly rounded, very oblique; white ; mark- 
ings pale ochreous-yellow ; three small round spots in a longitudinal 
series in disc from 1 to 2; a small spot towards dorsum at 4}; an 
outwardly oblique streak from beyond middle of dorsum, not reaching 
half across wing; a small spot on dorsum before tornus: cilia white. 
Hindwings grey ; cilia white, base greyish-tinged. 

CarE Cotony, Tulbagh (R. M. Lightfoot); two specimens. 


KLACHIS TID AR: 


Gren. AUGASMA, Herr.-Sch. 
AUGASMA (?) NIDIFICA, n. sp. 


$. 13mm. Antenne +, simple, basal joint moderately elongate, 
with pecten. Forewings lanceolate, 2 from angle, 3-5 absent, 7 and 
8 out of 6,9 absent, 11 from middle; whitish-ochreous: cilia con- 
colorous. Hindwings 3, lanceolate, cilia 3; transverse vein absent 
between 2 and 5, 3 and 4 absent, 5 approximated to upper angle, 
6 and 7 stalked; whitish-ochreous; cilia concolorous. 

TransvaaL, Krugersdorp, in December (Bro. J. H. Power); one 
specimen. Bred from an ovate woody gall (19 mm. x 11 mm.) on 
twig of an unnamed shrub. This species is probably not a true 
Augasma, but the mouth-parts are damaged, and further material 
would be requisite to establish a new genus. 


COLEOPHORIDA:. 


Gry. COLEOPHORA, Hiibn. 


CoLEOPHORA EREMODES, i. sp. 


$. 14 mm. Head white. Antenne white, faintly ringed with 
pale fuseous. Palpi light fuscous mixed with white, terminal joint 
short. Thorax white, partially tinged with fuscous. Abdomen 
whitish-grey. Forewings very narrow, elongate-lanceolate ; light 
fuscous irregularly mixed with white, tending to form fine white 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 69 


lines on veins: cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings whitish-ochreous 
tinged with grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous. 
BusHMANLAND, Jackals Water (R. M. Lightfoot); one specimen. 


TIN EID At. 


Gen. TINEA, Linn. 
TINEA SUSPICIOSA, N. Sp. 


g. 23-25mm. Head ochreous-orange. Palpi ochreous-yellow 
or orange, second joint externally dark fuscous. Antenne dark 
fuscous, in g pubescent-ciliated (2), in 2 spotted with yellowish. 
Thorax yellow-ochreous, anteriorly orange-tinged. Abdomen rather 
dark grey, anal tuft ochreous-yellowish. Forewings elongate, narrow, 
costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen slightly rounded, very 
oblique; all veins separate; yellow-ochreous, slightly tinged with 
grey or brownish, costal edge clear ochreous-orange, towards base 
dark fuscous: cilia yellow-ochreous. Hindwings with all veins 
separate; rather dark grey; cilia pale ochreous-yellowish tinged 
with grey. 

ZunuLanD, Mfongosi, in March and April (W. E. Jones); four 
specimens. 


PICROSPORA, n. g. 


Head rough-haired; tongue very short or obsolete. Antenne 3, 
in g shortly ciliated, basal joint moderate, stout. Labial palpi 
moderately long, subascending, second joint with dense tuft of long 
rough projecting scales beneath, terminal joint shorter, slender, 
tolerably pointed. Maxillary palpi short, filiform, porrected. Pos- 
terior tibiz loosely haired. Forewings with 2 from angle, 7 to 
termen, 11 from before middle. Hindwings 1, elongate-ovate, cilia 
4-3; veins all separate, 5 and 6 sometimes rather approximated at 
base. 
Type P. area. 


PICROSPORA ARA, 0. Sp. 


g. 12-13mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi grey, 
terminal joint white. Abdomen whitish sprinkied with light grey. 
Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen 
almost straight, oblique; pale whitish-ochreous, with some fine 
scattered fuscous points; minute undefined groups of two or three 
black points each on fold at + and middle of wing, in dise before 


70 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


middle, and beneath costa beyond middle; a very irregular trans- 
verse subterminal series of scattered black points: cilia pale 
whitish-ochreous. Hindwings whitish-grey; cilia whitish. 

ZuLuLAND, Mfongosi, in March and April (W. E. Jones); two 
specimens. 


’ 


PICROSPORA ANASTROTA, Nh. Sp. 


3g. 13-16 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders suffusedly 
irrorated with dark fuscous. Palpi white, second joint dark fuscous 
except towards apex, tuft brownish except apical portion. Abdomen 
grey. Forewings elongate, moderate, rather dilated posteriorly, 
costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, rather 
oblique; white more or less sprinkled with black and ochreous 
points, tending to form strigule; markings formed of black and 
ferruginous-ochreous irroration in varying proportions; a spot on 
fold at +, and sometimes a smaller one between this and costa; a 
transverse fascia from dorsum beyond middle, becoming obsolete 
towards costa; a slender irregular fascia from 2 of costa to tornus, 
receiving at # a similar fascia from £ of costa parallel to termen ; 
some strigule of black irroration on posterior part of costa, and 
some black irroration along termen: cilia white, somewhat sprinkled 
with black points. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish, with indistinct 
grey line. 

ZuLuLAND, Mfongosi, in October and November (W. E. Jones) ; 
four specimens. 

Gren. SAPHENEUTIS, Meyr. 
SAPHENEUTIS GRANOSA, N. sp. 


g. 12 mm. Head yellow-whitish. Antennal ciliations 1. 
Palpi very short. Thorax ochreous-whitish sprinkled with brownish. 
Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa 
moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; 
whitish-ochreous irrorated with brown: cilia concolorous. Hind- 
wings pale greyis» ; cilia whitish-ochreous. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in October (W. E. Jones); one specimen. 


Gen. PSEUDURGIS, Meyr. 
PSEUDURGIS SCUTIFERA, 0. sp. 


3&2. 18-22 mm. Llead, palpi, and thorax brownish more or 
less sprinkled with white and blackish. Antennal pectinations in 
3 7. Abdomen fuscous, segmental margins dark fuscous. Fore- 
wings elongate, posteriorly rather dilated, costa gently arched, apex 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 71 


rounded-obtuse, termen obliquely rounded; brownish sometimes 
irrorated with dark fuscous, with scattered black scales and strigule ; 
several irregular bands of white irroration, edged with white strizx, 
viz., one occupying basal area, one before middle, two narrow ones 
beyond middle parallel and partly connected, and a narrow one just 
before termen much enlarged and trifurcate on costa, connected 
above tornus with preceding, and sending two or three short bars to 
termen ; the dark median band between these is more or less marked 
with black in disc, and the subtriangular discal area preceding sub- 
terminal band is more or less suffused with black, sometimes with 
longitudinal streaks of ground colour: cilia brownish mixed with 
white, with rows of dark fuscous points. Hindwings rather dark 
grey; cilia whitish, with two grey shades. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in October and November (W. E. Jones), 
ten specimens; also Naran, Pinetown (G. F. Leigh), two specimens 
in my collection. 


Gren AMYDRIA, Clem. 
AMYDRIA FRAUDULENTA, Na. sp. 


3. 20-21 mm. Head dark fuscous, with some pale hairs. 
Palpi dark fuscous, second joint with numerous spreading bristles 
beneath and externally, apex of joints whitish. Antenne fuscous. 
Thorax dark fuscous, with some pale scales. Abdomen pale greyish- 
ochreous sprinkled with fuscous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, 
costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather 
strongly oblique; bronzy-brown, more or less irrorated with dark 
fuscous ; a suffused round dark fuscous spot in dise at 2; several 
small suffused dark fuscous spots on posterior half of costa: cilia 
pale brownish irrorated with dark fuscous. Hindwings fuscous ; 
cilia light greyish-ochreous, 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in September and October (W. E. Jones) ; 
three specimens. 


CHLOROPHYTIS, n. g. 


Head loosely rough-haired; tongue short. Antenne 4, in $ 
ciliated. Labial palpi moderate, porrected, second joint densely 
scaled, with rough projecting scales beneath towards apex, terminal 
joint moderate, slender, hardly pointed. Maxillary palpi very short, 
filiform, porrected. Posterior tibiz with appressed scales. Forewing 
with 2 from near angle, 7 to termen, 11 from before middle; surface 
with small tufts of raised scales. Hindwings 1, rather elongate- 
ovate, cilia 2; 2-7 all separate. 


0 


72 Annals of the South African Museum. 


CHLOROPHYTIS SECURA, 0. sp. 


3. 15 mm. Head and thorax yellow-whitish. Antenne grey. 
Palpi dark grey, terminal joint and apex of second yellow-whitish. 
Abdomen pale grey. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, 
apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, oblique ; pale whitish-yellowish 
or cream colour: cilia concolorous. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish- 
grey. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in May (W. E. Jones); one specimen. 


Gen. HAPSIFERA, Zell. 
HAPSIFERA GLAREOSA, D. sp. 


$ ?. 18-19 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish- 
ochreous mixed with blackish. Thorax whitish-ochreous partially 
tinged with brownish, shoulders with a spot of blackish irroration. 
Abdomen grey mixed with whitish. Forewings elongate, rather 
narrow, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely 
rounded; 9 absent; whitish-ochreous or pale brownish-ochreous, 
sometimes somewhat strigulated with pale ferruginous-ochreous; a 
series of small spots of blackish irroration along costa; stigmata — 
blackish, plical somewhat obliquely beyond first discal; a blackish 
dot beneath costa beyond middle, one in disc towards apex, one on 
dorsum towards tornus, and one at tornus: cilia whitish-ochreous, 
somewhat sprinkled with blackish. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish- 
ochreous tinged with fuscous. 

SouTHERN RuopestA, Insiza (G. French); Bulawayo (H.C. Pead); 
three specimens. 


ADELIDA. 


Gren. CEROMITIA, Zell. 
CEROMITIA MELANOSTROTA, N. sp. 


g. 23-25 mm. Head white, forehead with a fuscous bar, face 
suffused on sides with fuscous. Labial palpi short, whitish, with 
short projecting hair-scales beneath. Maxillary palpilong. Antenne 
grey, becoming whitish towards apex. Thorax fuscous mixed with 
white. Abdomen grey, anal tuft ochreous-whitish. Forewings 
elongate, rather narrow, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa moderately 
arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded; veins all 
separate ; grey, more or less irrorated with white; all veins marked 
with rows of minute irregular groups or dots of black scales ; a more 


New South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 73 


or less indicated slender irregular black streak along lower margin of 
cell; an irregular transverse black discal mark or line of scales on 
end of cell; irregular small black dots along posterior part of costa 
and termen: cilia whitish-grey. Hindwings with all veins separate ; 
grey, paler and thinly haired anteriorly ; cilia whitish-grey. 

Care CoLony, Capetown, in August (R. M. Lightfoot); two 
specimens. 


CEROMITIA SOMPHODES, 0. sp. 


g. 20-22 mm. Head light brownish-ochreous, back of crown 
whitish, face centrally whitish. Labial palpi short, white, maxillary 
rather longer. Antenne whitish, tinged with fuscous towards base. 
Thorax pale brownish mixed with whitish. Abdomen whitish-grey, 
anal tuft ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, 
posteriorly slightly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, 
termen very obliquely rounded; all veins separate; pale fuscous, 
mixed with whitish, irregularly strewn with black scales between 
veins; a round blackish dot on lower angle of cell; some rather 
large blackish dots on posterior half of costa and termen: cilia pale 
fuscous mixed with whitish. Hindwings pale whitish-fuscous, 
thinly haired; cilia concolorous. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in March and April (W. E. Jones); four 
specimens. 


aie) 


INDEX. 
A PAGI PAGE 
AGIISTIS F A.roghiwcseuwee sh erase ees 55 | magnanima (Paltodora) ............... a9 
AMD RTA racseoe see oe sans dc tos serene seaees Wl) MEGAGRASPEDUS .-.Jecrese=oee-.5a-eune 60 
anastrota (Picrospora) .......22...+6 70 | melanodora (Scythris)............-..+.. 63 
INST GASNTAL “Smaaccsnsleracianenatsesiene assume 68 | melanostrota (Ceromitia) ............ 72 
amligan (i piphractis) .../...cc,s<-c+e0-s0-= 66") mensaria (Tortrix) ......:.sssscnn--- 56 
aur ee | EUCLOSPOLA)) sancesesceracesnactaeee 69 
C nigricola (Hyponomeuta) ............ 66 
ereca (Machlotricha) ...........0...+5 62 | nidifica (Augasma) .............0000 68 
CARPOSINAUE -canceeenec tees seeornae scenes 55 
CEROMIMIAWEE  o.2s-csscsseees seeeeeorae 72 O 
CHLOROPHYTIS ....cc... cecececcccceeccees Fit stl| in ODUGES St sece <class scissile seine veeee detest 62 
(O(ao{ sian aananepddacscbromeraccoecdessocsonds 64 
COnROPHORANGhacncescdoree-teotaov eters 68 P 
CHISpAiay (MONIT) se ewea sees e ees ease 56) ||| HPAGMODORMscer es eecossn esas. sot ceseeee rere 59 
crocostacta (Scythropia) ............... 68 | patriarcha (Platyptilia) ............... 54 
OiToOrt (COVES) sacssncoodsoccoeabaspcac 62 | pentacentra (Paltodora) ...... ........ 59 
cryphias (Trichoptilus) ............... Doi) HeICROSPOR AMBP Ment ase). ce ece te ncisaceert 69 
cyanea (Gymnogramma) ...........- 66; |) #Pivamve mins cease ster oc ccceee caress ase-= 54 
PIMRMP PICA vesicle sieicsscesscnesecseeteeeeses 67 
1D psalactis(Esocrita), ....-2.¢-<ccee «ess 65 
edaxi(((Mhiyestareha)\<.-....0.s-cesreass*6 G5 MESHUDURGICMacciene ses scscesecaceeeee 70 
PIPEIRACTIS eae aseteseceere rs sees eee 66 MELEROPHORUSteseecasctrsccleleeeseseecereerr 54 
eremodes (Coleophora) ............+4 68 
BYU COSMAS os oceievetaaiscaraapasstlsentastents 57 R 
MOSEO) An \SCYUNTIS)) ...<.ee-ascenesee seme 63 
; FP } sanetillen((Clas}chyad2)) Wapnesmossenssaase ssccapose 64 
feeculenta (Scythris) .................. 64 
fraudulenta (Amydria) ............... 71 S 
G SAPHENEUTIS eeeseeeesseeesesseeeeeees 5 
galactitis (Bucosma) sevens BU siemens! ...- 22s 2 eee 
GELECHIA ...... ste eeeeeetee see eeeeeeeeenes 61 See DTA es ee 68 
glareosa (Hapsifera) .........sseees (2 scutifera (Pseudurgis) ............... 70 
GNoRIMOSCHEMA ApEn ee ce Cl secreta (Xyrosaris) ..........0.-0....00 67 
granosa (Sapheneutis)...............0+6 10 | secura (Chlorophytis) ...........00000++ 72 
GYMNOGRAMMA’ ........00.0ccecsenencmesicis- BOM ma verancera (Eucosma) ... ..... see 57 
H siturga, (CarpOsina)) ssssssssose scenes 55 
reer wy | Somphodes (Ceromitia) ...........+++- 73 
helicarile (Palvodora) ames ats (59 | Ota eteonne ae 2 
hiberna (Paltodora) ............+0000+... 60 stenodachy a (Meee Be 
ELvP ONOMBUDAQs sncctaesconteecenccesn ears BOulte eer amen aN: cans oacer NR ba 
I Av 
incola (Megacraspedus) .......0....6+: 60 Aen goo See ceeeisaceaaeesiea see Pe 
infirma (Gnorimoschema) ee 61 ieee) sapnenoscdod eeseceesiercrescreizce ; 
infumata (Agdistis) ............20.02-.. 55 | iplacopis (Gelechia) .........+.....+.. 2; 
insons (Odites) ......s.ssseeesceeeeees. G2 | PORTRIE .sn-.c.scsnerienesneareeserestene 5 
TSOOHTER, oe ee ee 65 | PRICHOPTILUS ......seeeeeeeeeeeeee seen 53 
MMPNOWIMRUBIS) Goo pcanadoodeseoo0G0deseH6000r 58 
L 
lienigiella (Cosmopteryx) ............ 63 a 
verberata (Plexippica) ........-....2+0+ 67 
M 
IMACHTOTRICHAU a .ccseccercrese sereeeeeee: 61 X 
MACROTINACTIS ..... savacecn asses sersecees DD) |) SNYROSARISiecaeeceorvar aces scone costes nee 67 


ys 
~I 
Or 

— 


6.—The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa based on the Collections of 
the South African Museum, Cape Town.—By Epv. ELuinesEn, 
Krager6, Norway. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ar the commencement of the present century the knowledge of 
the Pseudoscorpions of Tropical and Southern Africa was not very 
extensive, Chelifer octentoctus Balzan, Chelifer Simoni Balzan, 
Chelifer tenwimanus Balzan, and Garypus senegalensis Balzan being 
then almost the only species known from that part of the world. 
During the last ten years, however, the position has quite altered. 
It will be seen from the Bibliography that C. J. With, Alb. Tull- 
gren, and the author of this publication have, during that period, 
contributed especially to the knowledge of the Central and South 
African species of this interesting group of animals. Naturally a 
great number of the species from a territory so little explored as 
this has been in this respect would be expected to prove new to 
science, and a glance at the list below will give ample evidence that 
such has proved to be the case. 

In the vast area of Africa, bordered on the north by the Desert of 
Sahara, the following species of Pseudoscorpions (including those 
first mentioned in this publication) have been found, the species of 
Chelifer being enumerated in the divisions hitherto generally used :— 


ATEMNUS. 
Chelifer Braunsi Tullgren. Chelifer Letourneuxt EK. Simon. 

af Conradti Tullgren. Bs O'Swaldi Tullgren. 

» equester With. »  Palmquisti Tullgren. 

»,  equestroides Kllingsen. »  pusillus Ellingsen. 

» eae Ellingsen. 45 rotundus With. 

»  gwmneensis Kllingsen. »  Sjdstedti Tullgren. 

» mdivisus Tullgren. ,,  subindicus Ellingsen. 
., insubidus Tullgren. 95 Voeltzkowi Ellingsen. 


76 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


LAMPROCHERNES. 
Chelifer camerunensis Tullgren, Chelifer lamellatus Tullgren. 
i cocophilus EK, Simon. ie octentoctus Balzan. 
as comorensis Ellingsen, - togoensis Ellingsen. 
» jerox Tullgren. 
TRACHYCHERNKES. 
Chelifer armatus Tomésyary. Chelifer glabratus Ellingsen. 
‘a boncicus Karsch. »  perpusillus Ellingsen. 
»,  cinucoides Fabr. var. »  vrubidus Eliingsen. 
basiléensis Ellingsen. »  subfoliosus Ellingsen. 


+ concinnus Tullgren. 


CHELIFER s:s. 


Chelifer angulatus Ellingsen. Chelifer paradoxus nov. sp. 
»  angustatus Tullgren. »  sculpturatus Lewis. 
»  Bayoni Ellingsen. 5  segregatus Tullgren. 
58 Biittnerr Ellingsen. Simoni Balzan. 
»  cancroides Linné. »,  socotrensis With. 
» exiguus Tullgren. » Strand Kllingsen. 
»  facetus Tullgren. »  subruber K. Simon. 
»  garypordes Ellingsen. »  tenwimanus Balzan. 
x Kewi Ellingsen. - termitophilus Tullgren. 
5,  minusculoides nov. sp. »  torulosus Tullgren. 
B minusculus nov. sp. . tumuliferus Tullgren. 
Fs mucronatus Tullgren. ss Walliskewi nov. sp. 


Myrmochernes africanus Tullgren. Garypus senegalensis Balzan. 
Pseudochiridium TrégardhiTull- Garypinus capensis nov. sp. 


gren. 3 obscurus Tullgren. 
Cheiridiwm ferum E. Simon. Olpium arabicum EK. Simon. 
a museorum Leach. » deserticola EK. Simon. 
~ subtropicum Tullgren. »  ntens Tullgren. 
Feaella mirabilis Ellingsen. »  pusillum Ellingsen. 
a mucronata Tullgren. »  Schultzec Tullgren. 
Garypus capensis nov. sp. ,,  subgrande Tullgren. 
»  impressus Tullgren. 5 vermis K. Simon, 
»  tmsularis Tullgren. Ideobisium Godfreyt nov. sp. 
e minutus Tullgren. ns quaarispinosum Tull- 


»  Purcelli nov. sp. gren. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. i, 


Chthonius clathratus Tullgren. Chthonius serratidentatus nov. 
eA contractus Tullgren. sp. 
r Godfreyt nov. sp - stnuatus Tullgren. 
+ mordax Tullgren. ip tetrachelatus Preyss- 
5, natalensis Tullgren. ler 


Recent researches by C. J. With and other zoologists have proved 
that the genus Chelzfer will certainly in the future have to be 
divided into several new genera, based on the different shape of the 
sexual apparatus of the males, and With has already formed several 
groups from this point of view: the bdbzrmanicus group, the 
cinucoides group, the subruber group, and the cancroides group. 
I shall therefore try to bring the species of Chelifer, enumerated 
above, into these different groups, as far as it is possible at present ; 
in some cases this cannot yet with certainty be done. I place 
beside the groups the names which may ultimately perhaps be used 
as generic titles. The name Withius has been proposed by 
H. Wallis Kew,* the other names have been used before as generic 
or subgeneric names, but based on other characters. 


BIRMANICUS-TYPE (Atemnus), 
Chelifer Braunsi Tullgren (prob- Chelifer O’Swaldi Tullgren. 


ably, only @ known). Ps Palmquisti Tullgren, 
»  Conradti Tullgren. ,  pusillus Ellingsen (prob 
x equester With. ably, only ? known). 
»  equestroides Hllingsen. yotundus With. 
» eae Ellingsen. »  Sjéstedti Tullgren. 
»  ferox Tullgren. »  subindicus Ellingsen 
an guineensis Ellingsen. (probably, only @ 
»  tmndivisus Tullgren. known). 
» msubidus Tullgren. ,  togoensis Ellingsen. 
,  Letourneuxt HK. Simon ,  Voeltzkowi Ellingsen. 
(perhaps, only @ 
known). 


CIMICOIDES-TYPE (Chernes). 


Chelifer boncicus Karsch. Chelifer concinnus Tullgren.t 
r cimicoides Fabr. var. - rubidus Ellingsen. 
basiléensis Hllingsen. ,  subfoliosus Ellingsen. 


* H. Wallis Kew, ‘A Synopsis of the False-scorpions of Britain and Ireland ”’ 
(Proce. Royal Irish Acad., vol. xxix., p. 49). 
+ Tullgren refers this species to the subruber-type. 


78 Annals of the South African Museum. 


SUBRUBER-TYPE (Withius). 


Chelifer angulatus Ellingsen. Chelifer perpusillus Ellingsen 

»  angustatus Tullgren. »  Sumoni Balzan. 

» Bayont Ellingsen. cP subruber EK. Simon. 

bs Biittnert Ellingsen. 3 tenuimanus Balzan. 

»  glabratus Ellingsen. ,  termitophilus Tullgren 

»  paradoxus Ellingsen. »  tumuliferus Tullgren. 
CANCROIDES-TYPE (Chelifer). 

Chelifer cancroides Linné. Chelifer mucronatus Tullgren. 
,  jfacetus Tullgren. »  sculpturatus Lewis. 
Kewi Ellingsen. 3 socotrensis With. 

a minusculoides Ellingsen. 3: torulosus Tullgren. 
5; minusculus Ellingsen. is Walliskewi Ellingsen. 


The place of the following species is doubtful, partly because 
females only have as yet been found, and partly because the species 
are very little known and have not been examined as regards the 
sexual apparatus of the males. 


Chelifer armatus Tomosvary. Chelvfer exiguus Tullgren( ? only). 
i, camerunensis Tullgren - lamellatus Tullgren 
(? only). (@ only). 
i cocophilus EK. Simon. -h octentoctus Balzan. 
5  comorensis Ellingsen 5  segregatus Tullgren 
(2 only). (? only). 


Notrr.—Chelifer garypoides Ellingsen belongs perhaps to a 
special group. 


The fauna of Central and South Africa, as regards the Pseudo- 
scorpions, is thus rather a rich one, comprising 87 species, of 
which 10 are described as new, but other new species will certainly 
be found by further investigations, especially of the central parts of 
the area. It will perhaps be of some interest to give a survey of 
what was known before this publication about the distribution 
of these animals in the above-named parts of Africa, following the 
first enumeration of the species. 


CreELIFER Braunst Tullgren. 
Described from Cape Colony: Algoa Bay (Tuligren, 22. p. 58). 
Afterwards recorded from Zululand: Lake Sibayi (Tullgren, 24. 
p- 224). In both eases only females. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 19 


CHELIFER Conraptr Tullgren. 


Described from West Africa: Camerun (Tullgren, 23. p. 60), 
3 and 9? The species has been taken nowhere else. 


CHELIFER EQUESTER With. 

Widely distributed; the types were from the district of Kili- 
manjaro: Taveita (With, 26. p. 126), g and ¢. Afterwards recorded 
from German East Africa: Amani (Ellingsen, 6, p. 28); Natal: 
Port Natal (Ellingsen, 9. p. 357); “ Africa australis,” leg. Drége, 
with no other locality (Ellingsen, 9. p. 357) ; Hast Africa, Usambara : 
Mombo (Tullgren, 20. p. 9); Zululand: Dukudu Bush (Tullgren, 21. 
p. 224). For new localities, see further. 


CHELIFER EQUESTROIDES Ellingsen. 

West African species. The types were from Portuguese Guinea : 
Rio Cassine; 8. Thomé: Ribeira Palma; Island of Principe: Roca 
Inf. D. Henrique and Bahia Oeste; Fernando Po: Punta Frailes ; 
and French Congo: Fernand-Vaz (Ellingsen, 4 p. 251), g and @. 
Taken nowhere else. 


CHELIFER FRA Ellingsen. 


The type specimens were from the Caboverdian Islands: San 
Thiago (Ellingsen, 4, p. 248), g¢ and @. Afterwards recorded from 
Camerun: Jos. Albrechtshohe, and Natal: Delagoa Bay (Ellingsen, 
9. p. 357). New localities in the special part. 


CHELIFER GUINEENSIS Ellingsen. 

Syn.: Chelifer (Atemnus) pallidus Balzan (nomen preocc.). 

Balzan described this species from specimens from Sierra Leone. 
Since that time it has proved to be a widely distributed species in 
Western Africa: Portuguese Guinea: Rio Cassine; San Thomé: 
Ribeira Palma; Fernando Po: Basilé and Punta Frailes; French 
Congo: Fernand-Vaz (Ellingsen, 4, p. 246); Togo: Bismarcksburg 
and Misahéhe; Camerun (Ellingsen, 9. p. 358). 


CHELIFER INDIvisuS Tullgren. 


The only locality is that of the type: Hast Africa, Usambara : 
Mombo (Tullgren, 20. p. 7), ¢ and ¢. 


CHELIFER INSUBIDUS Tullgren. 


A South African species, described from Cape Colony: Port 
Elizabeth (Tullgren, 22. p. 59) ; later it was recorded from Herero- 


80 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


land: Uitdraai (Tullgren, 24. p. 286), ¢ and @?. A new locality in 
the special part. 


CHELIFER LETOURNEUXI E. Simon. 


The species was described from Egypt, and has also been taken 
in Tunisia and Arabia. But its area of distribution extends to 
Somali: Bela (Pavesi, 18. p. 158), and to the district of the White 
Nile: Kaka (Tullgren, 19. p. 4). 


CHELIFER O’Swatopr Tullgren. 


The only locality is Madagascar: Nossibé (Tullgren, 22. p. 55), 
So and ¢. 
CHELIFER PatmQuisti Tullgren. 


The type specimens are from the district of Kilimanjaro: Meru 
and Kiboscho (Tullgren, 20. p. 12), ¢ and @. Later on it was 
recorded from Nyassa and from the coast of Zanzibar (Ellingsen, 
9. p. 358). 

CHELIFER PUSILLUS Ellingsen. 


The only locality is the Island of San Thomé: Vista Alegre, in 
West Africa (Ellingsen, 4. p. 250), g and 2. 


CHELIFER ROTUNDUS With. 


C. J. With has described this species from Asia: The Nicobars. 
I have referred to this species specimens from Madagascar and from 
‘« Africa australis ’’ (leg. Drége) (Ellingsen, 9. p. 359). 


CHELIFER SJOstEDTI Tullgren. 


This large and beautiful species is one of the most widely dis- 
tributed Pseudoscorpions in the western part of the area under 
consideration. The species was described by Tullgren from 
specimens, taken by Dr. Yngve Sjostedt at Itoki in Camerun 
(Tullgren, 18. p. 99). It has since been recorded from several other 
localities; Congo: Yumbi (Ellingsen, 3. p. 3); Spanish Guinea 
(E. Simon, 14. p. 124); Portuguese Guinea: Rio Cassine; French 
Congo: Fernand-Vaz and N’kogo; and a variety Thoméensis 
Ellingsen from §S. Thomé (Ellingsen, 4 p. 245); Fernando Po; 
Camerun: Jaunde Station; Kawandi?; Central Africa: Mukenge 
(Ellingsen, 9. p. 359); Congo: Itimbiri (Ellingsen, 8, p. 218). 


CHELIFER SUBINDICUS Hllingsen. 


Only known from the locality, where the type (?) was taken, 
Central Madagascar (Ellingsen, 9. p. 360). 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 81 


CHELIFER VOELTZKOW! Ellingsen. 

This species is only known from Madagascar. The types (g¢ and 
2?) were collected in S.W. Madagascar (Ellingsen, 9. p. 363); a 
variety : elongata Ellingsen, was taken at Marovoay in Madagascar 
(Hllingsen in: Strand, 16. p. 488). 


CHELIFER CAMERUNENSIS Tullgren, 


The type specimens came from Camerun (Tullgren, 18. p. 100). 
Later on the species was recorded from Camerun: Buea (Ellingsen, 
11. p. 63), and from Fernando Po (Ellingsen, 9. p. 366). Females 
only have been taken. 


CHELIFER COcoPHILUS E. Simon. 


Eug. Simon established the species on specimens from Kelantan 
in the Malay Peninsula and recorded it afterwards from Spanish 
Guinea (E. Simon, 14. p. 124), in neither case with indication of sex. 


CHELIFER COMORENSIS Ellingsen. 


The only locality, till now, is that of the type specimen, ?, the 
archipelago of the Comores: Mayotte (Ellingsen, 9. p. 367). 


CHELIFER FEROX Tullgren. 


The type specimens (3) were from French Congo: Ogowe, and 
from ‘‘Gaboon” (Tullgren, 22. p. 51). 


CHELIFER LAMELLATUS Tullgren. 


The type specimen (?) was collected in Natal: van Reenen 
(Tullgren, 214. p. 223). 


CHELIFER OCTENTOCTUS Balzan. 


The only specimen, no sex indicated, badly preserved (‘‘ quod igne 
vastatum mihi videtur,’ Balzan J.c.), was recorded by Balzan from 
« Africa australis’ (Balzan, 4. p. 515). The species has not been 
retaken. 

CHELIFER TOGOENSIS Ellingsen. 


The species was established on specimens (gf) from Togo: 
Bismarcksburg, and from Camerun : Jos. Albrechtshohe (Ellingsen, 
9. p. 369). It was later on recorded from Uganda: Bugala (Is. di 
Sesse) (Ellingsen, 10. p. 536), and from Camerun : Bibundi (Ellingsen, 
41. p. 63). 


82 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


CHELIFER ARMATUS Tomosvary. 
A rather dubious species, based by Tomésvary on specimens from 
Ashanti, West Africa (25. p. 18). Still more doubtful is the record 
of this species by Daday, from Herezegovina and Corfu. 


CHELIFER BoNcIcUS Karsch. 

This species was established by Karsch on specimens from Japan. 
In the collections of the Berlin Museum there is one female from 
N.W. Madagascar which I was unable to distinguish from examples 
from Japan in the same collections (Ellingsen, 9. p. 373). 


CHELIFER CIMICOIDES Fabr. 
var. BASILEENSIS Ellingsen. 
This species, common in Europe, has a variety, taken by L. Fea 
in the Island of Fernando Po: Basilé (Ellingsen, 4, p. 252). 


CHELIFER CONCINNUS Tullgren. 

The types, g and ?, were from Orange Free State: Bothaville 
(Tullgren, 22. p. 41). Tullgren, in a later publication, recorded the 
species from Zululand: Lake Sibayi (24. p. 224). New localities in 
the special part. 


CHELIFER GLABRATUS Ellingsen. 


A West African species, the types of which (g and 9) were 
collected in N. Camerun: Jos. Albrechtshohe (Ellingsen, 9. p. 374). 


CHELIFER PERPUSILLUS Ellingsen. 


Only known from British Hast Africa: Takanuga, ¢ and 9 
(Ellingsen, 9. p. 378). . 


CHELIFER RUBIDUS Ellingsen. 


Leonardo Fea collected the types of this species, g§ and ?, in 
Portuguese Guinea: Rio Cassine, and in §. Thomé: Ribeira Palma 
(Ellingsen, 4. p. 254). I have referred to the same species a specimen 
from Ecuador in South America. 


CHELIFER SUBFOLIOSUS Ellingsen. 
The species was based on a male (Ellingsen, 9. p. 381), with no 
other indication of locality than “ Africa.’ The species is recorded 
from Cape Colony, collected by the Rey. Robert Godfrey. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 83 


CHELIFER ANGULATUS Ellingsen. 
The types of this species, the only known specimens, g¢ and ?, 


were taken by L. Fea in the Island of Principe: Roca Inf. D. 
Henrique and Bahia do Oeste (Ellingsen, 4 p. 258). 


CHELIFER ANGUsTATUS Tullgren, 

The only locality is Kilimanjaro: Kibonoto, ¢ (Tullgren, 20. 
p. 14). 

CHELIFER Bayont Ellingsen. 

The types, @ only, were from Uganda, Archipelago di Sesse: 
Buvama (Ellingsen, 10. p. 538). New localities in the special part ; 
also males. 

CHELIFER Btrrnert Ellingsen. 

The species was based on specimens, g and @?, from West 
Africa, Togo: Bismareksburg (Ellingsen, 9. p. 384); a female from 
the Nyassa Mountains (loc. cit.) seems to belong to the same species. 


CHELIFER CANCROIDES Linné. 


This species, common in Europe, has been transported by man 
to other parts of the world, and has been recorded from some 
localities in Africa, for instance from the Cape of Good Hope 
(Ellingsen, 9, p. 384). I have in my collection a male from the 
Gold Coast (West Africa), collected by Biedermann. Some other 
localities will be given in the special part below. 


CHELIFER ExIGUUS Tullgren. 
The type specimen, a female only, was collected at Kilimanjaro : 
Kibonoto (Tullgren, 20. p. 13). A new locality in the special part. 
CHELIFER FACETUS Tullgren. 
The type specimens, females only, were from Natal: Stamford 
Hill (Tullgren, 24. p. 224). A new locality in the special part. 
CHELIFER GARYPOIDES Ellingsen. 


The species was founded on specimens, g, from Portuguese 
Guinea: Bolama (Ellingsen, 4. p. 259). Later on C. J. With 
recorded it from St. Paul’s Rock in mid-Atlantic (With, 29. p. 19). 
New localities will be given in the special part. 


CHELIFER Kewt Ellingsen. 


This species seems to be a common one in the south of Afriea ; 
the original specimens came from Cape Colony: Witte Hardt, 


84 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Nieuwveldt, about 5,000 feet above the sea (Ellingsen, 7. p. 164), 
g and 2. A form of this species, var. Fiilleborna Ellingsen, is 
recorded from East Africa: Langenburg, and British East Africa: 
Takanuga (Ellingsen, 9. p. 385). Several new localities, with a 
number of specimens, together with some interesting notes on the 
manner of life of this species, will be given in the special part. 


CHELIFER MUCRONATUS Tullgren. 


A very beautiful species. The type specimens, g and 9, were 
taken in the Orange Free State: Bothaville, and Cape Colony: Port 
Elizabeth (Tullgren, 22. p. 32), and the species has since been 
recorded from Zululand: Dukudu (Tullgren, 24. p. 220). More 
information on this species will be given in the special part. 


CHELIFER SCULPTURATUS Lewis. 


One of the most remarkable and curious species, if not the most 
curious one, among the Chelifers. The species was founded by 
Lewis in 1903 (Lewis, 12. p. 497) on specimens, g and ?, from 
Natal (taken in beehives), and redescribed (from the same speci- 
mens) by C. J. With (26. p. 122). In the collections of the South 
African Museum there are some specimens from Natal and Trans- 
vaal (see the special part). 


CHELIFER SEGREGATUS Tullgren. 


A single specimen, ?, from South Africa, Hereroland : Rooibank 
(Tullgren, 24, p. 285). A new locality in the special part. 


CHELIFER Simont Balzan. 

Syn.: Chelifer madagascarensis K\lingsen. 

One of the most widely distributed species in the tropical parts 
of the world, especially in Africa, but it is also recorded from some 
localities out of this continent, perhaps imported. In Africa this 
species has a wide distribution ; in West Africa, especially, many 
localities are known. Originally described from Sierra Leone 
(Balzan, 4. p. 531), and redescribed as Ch. madagascarensis 
(Ellingsen, 2. p. 137) from Madagascar, it has been afterwards 
reported from Camerun by Tullgren (48. p. 100), and from Camerun : 
Jaunde and Jos. AlbrechtshGhe (Ellingsen, 9. p. 387) ; from Camerun : 
Bibundi (Ellingsen, 14. p. 63); Islands of Cabo Verde: Brava ; 
S. Thiago: Orgaos Grandes; 8. Nicolio; Portuguese Guinea : 
Bissau, Rio Cassine, and Bolama; San Thomé: Ribeira Palma ; 
Fernando Po: Punta Frailes (Ellingsen, 4. p. 255); Benguela: Huxe 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 8) 


(With, 28. p. 66); Togo: Bismarcksburg, and Senegal (Ellingsen, 9. 
p. 387). From the central and eastern parts of Africa we have the 
following localities : Uganda: Bugala (Ellingsen, 10. p. 536) ; Eritrea : 
Ghinda (Ellingsen, 8. p. 218), and Réunion (Ellingsen, 9. p. 387). 
A new locality will be given in the special part. 


CHELIFER SOCOTRENSIS With. 

The type specimens were from Socotra, ¢ and ? (With, 26. 
ip. E16): 

CHELIFER STRAND! Ellingsen. 

The species was founded on specimens, g and @, from German 
Kast Africa: Amani (Ellingsen, 6. p. 30), and has been taken 
nowhere else. 

CHELIFER SUBRUBER E. Simon. 


A cosmopolitan species to which were referred some specimens 
from German Hast Africa: Amani and Bomola (Ellingsen 6. p. 28). 


CHELIFER TENUIMANUS Balzan. 
A species very nearly related to Ch. Simoni; established by 
Balzan on specimens from Madagascar : Nossi-bé (Balzan, 4. p. 532), 
and not since met with. 


CHELIFER TERMITOPHILUS Tullgren. 


Only known from Natal: Stamford Hill (Tullgren, 24. p. 221), 
ag and ¢. 


CHELIFER TORULOSUS Tullgren. 


Tullgren based the species on specimens, g and 2, from Cape 
Colony: Port Elizabeth (Tullgren, 22. p. 35), and reported it after- 
wards from Natal: Stamford Hill, and from Zululand: Dukudu 
(Tullgren, 24. p. 220). I am very much inclined to believe it the 
same species as Ch. Kewi Ellingsen. 


CHELIFER TUMULIFERUS Tullgren, 


An interesting species from Namalaland: Port Nolloth (Tullgren, 
24, p. 284). As regards a new locality, see the special part. 


MyYRMOCHERNES AFRICANUS Tullgren. 
This species belongs to a genus autochthon in Africa; the single 
species known is the above from Cape Colony: Port Elizabeth 
(Tullgren, 22. p. 61). Females only, and taken nowhere else. 


86 Annals of the South African Museum. 


PsEUDOCHIRIDIUM TRAGARDHI Tullgren. 
The tropical genus Pseudochiridium With is represented in 
Africa by this species from Natal: Town Bush, Maritzburg 
(Tullgren, 24. p. 226). 


CHEIRIDIUM MUSEORUM Leach. 

A species widely distributed throughout all Europe and also 
reported from Algeria, in inhabited places. It was, therefore, a 
very remarkable incident, that this species was taken in Cape 
Colony: Pirie Forest, on yellow-wood. As regards its occurrence 
there, see the special part. 


Cuerripium FrERuM E. Simon. 
This species was hitherto known only in Europe: France, Italy, 
and Switzerland. It has been taken by the Rev. Robert Godfrey in 
Cape Colony: see the special part. 


CHEIRIDIUM SUBTROPICUM Tullgren. 


The types of this species were taken in Zululand: Umfolozi 
(Tullgren, 24. p. 220), g and ?. As regards its occurrence in Cape 
Colony, see the special part. 


Norr.—Two other species of this genus are known: Ch. corticwm 
Balzan, from South America, and Ch. formosanwm Hllingsen from 
Asia. I quite agree with Tullgren (24. p. 216), that Cheiridiwm 
tetrophthalmum Daday (from Hungary) does not belong to this 
genus, but to Garypus. 


FEAELLA MIRABILIS Ellingsen. 


The types of this species, on which the genus Feaella was 
founded, were taken by Leonardo Fea in Portuguese Guinea: 
Bolama (Ellingsen, 4, p. 263), and the animal has been taken 
nowhere else. 


FeaeLLA MucRONATA Tullgren. 


The species was based on specimens from Natal: Amanzimtoti 
(Tullgren, 24. p. 228). See the special part. 


GaRYPUS IMpPRESSUS Tullgren. 

The only localities for this species were, till now, those of the 
type specimens, viz., Natal: Van Reenen, and Amanzimtoti, and 
Zululand: Junction of the black and the white Umfolozi (Tullgren, 
24. p. 229). For further localities, see the special part. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Afrrea. 87 


GARYPUS INSULARIS Tullgren. 


The only locality known is that of the type specimen, 2, Sey- 
chelles (Tullgren, 22. p. 63). 


GaARyYPus MINUTUS Tullgren. 


The type specimen, ?, was from Cape Colony: Port Elizabeth 
(Tullgren, 22. p. 66). Tullgren afterwards reported it from Natal : 
Stamford Hill and Van Reenen (24. p. 229). Several new localities 
will be reported in the special part. 


GARYPUS SENEGALENSIS Balzan. 

Syn.: Garypus olivaceus Tullgren, 22, p. 63. 

I have no doubt that Tullgren’s species is a synonym of 
G. senegalensis, Balzan. 

Balzan (4. p. 535) indicates no locality for the type specimens, 
certainly only by neglect, for in giving the species the name 
senegalensis, he must have understood that the specimens had 
come from Senegal. Tullgren based his species G. olivaceus on 
specimens from Orange Free State: Bothaville (22. p. 65), and has 
later reported it from Natal: Stamford Hill, as well as from Zulu- 
land: Lake Sibayi, Dukudu, and junction of the Black and White 
Umfolozi (Tullgren, 21. p. 229). 

As regards new localities, see the special part. 


GARYPINUS oBscuURUS Tullgren. 

The type specimens, ? only, were from Orange Free State: 
Bothaville (Tullgren, 22. p. 69) ; afterwards reported from Zululand : 
Entendweni, Mtetwa, and junction of the Black and the White 
Umfolozi (Tullgren, 24. p. 229). Further localities in the special 
part. 

OupruM ARABICUM E, Simon. 

E. Simon described this species from specimens from Arabia. 
This locality was the only one, until some examples from the Islands 
of Gabo Verde: Ilheo Razo (Ellingsen, 4 p. 263) were identified as 
belonging to this species ; afterwards it was recorded from Mada- 
gascar: Ste. Marie (Ellingsen, 9. p. 390), and from Uganda: Is. di 
Sesse, Bugala (Hllingsen, 10. p. 538). In the special part will be 
given a locality from South Africa. It thus seems that the species 
(if rightly identified) belongs more to the African than to the Arabian 


fauna. 


88 Annals of the South African Museum. 


OLPIUM DESERTICOLA KE. Simon. 

Originally described from Tunisia and Algeria; a number of 
specimens from the area in question, viz., several places in the 
Islands of Cabo Verde: Boa Vista; Brava; §. Thiago: Pedra 
Badejo; and Fogo: 8. Felipe (Ellingsen, 4. p. 264), were identified 
with this species. It has also been recorded from Sicily. 


OuriumM NITENS Tullgren. 
The type specimen is from South Africa, Great Namaqualand : 
Liideritz Bay (Tullgren, 24. p. 287). Some new localities will be 
given in the special part. 


Opium PusILLuM Ellingsen. 

The original specimen, a g, was from Cape Colony: Fishhoek 
near Simonstown (Ellingsen: in Strand 17. p. 596). As to the 
relationship between this species and the preceding one, see the 
special part. 

Onrium Scuuurzet Tullgren. 

The single type specimen of this species was described from 
South Africa, Great Namaqualand: Prince of Wales Bay (Tullgren, 
24, p. 287). 

OLPIUM SUBGRANDE Tullgren. 

The species was described from a single specimen from South 
Africa: Kalahari, between Kang and Khakhea (Tullgren, 24. p. 288). 
Another locality (in Rhodesia) will be given in the special part. 


Oupium vERMiIs E. Simon. 

This species, originally described from Egypt and reported later 
from the whole of the southern coast of the Mediterranean, has also 
been recorded from the Island of Annobom, on the Guinea Coast 
(Ellingsen, 4 p. 263). One female. 


IDEOBISIUM QUADRISPINOSUM Tullgren. 
The species was based on ? from Natal: Town Bush, Maritz- 
burg (Tullgren, 24. p. 231). In the special part will be reported 
several localities in Cape Colony. 


CHTHONIUS CLATHRATUS Tullgren. 


The type specimens were from Natal: Town Bush, Maritzburg, 
and from Zululand: Lake Sibayi (Tullgren, 24. p. 234), g and ¢. 
A new locality will be given in the special part. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 89 


CHTHONIUS ConTRACTUS Tullgren. 

This species, too, was based on specimens from Natal: Van 
Reenen; Amanzimtoti; and Stamford Hill. Zululand: Lake 
Sibayi; Junction of the Black and the White Umfolozi (Tullgren, 
21. p. 233), g and ¢. It has also been recorded from Eritrea : 
Ghinda, on the Red Sea, ? (Hllingsen, 8. p. 219). The Rev. Robert 
Godfrey has taken it on the Pirie Mountains (see the special part). 


CHTHONIUS MoRDAX Tullgren. 


The type specimens, g and 2, were collected in Natal: 
Caversham, and Stamford Hill; and in Zululand: Lake Sibayi 
(Tullgren, 24. p. 235). This species is widely distributed in Cape 
Colony, a great number of specimens having been collected (see the 
special part). 


CHTHONIUS NATALENSIS Tullgren. 


Reported oniy from Natal: Stamford Hill, g (Tullgren, 24. 
p. 232). 

CHTHONIUS srnuatus Tullgren. 

The type specimen was collected in Camerun (Tullgren, 18. 
p- 101). Afterwards the species was recorded for Portuguese 
Guinea: Rio Cassine, and from San Thomé: Vista Alegre (Ellingsen, 
4, p. 265). A new locality (in Cape Colony) will be given in the 
special part. 


CHTHONIUS TETRACHELATUS Preyssler. 
This species is widely distributed throughout the palwarctic area, 
and also occurs in North America; curiously enough some specimens 


of this form were found in a collection from the Seychelles 
(Ellingsen, 9. p. 402). 


90 Annals of the South African Museum. 


It was with great interest that I looked forward to the examination 
of the rich collections of Pseudoscorpions which the Director of the 
South African Museum in Cape Town had been kind enough to 
place at my disposal, and the results fully justified my expectations, 
and of no less interest were the collections which the Rev. Robert 
Godfrey had brought together chiefly from the environs of the Pirie 
Mission. Beside the new species, there were several, already 
known, of great interest, of which may be mentioned: Chelafer 
sculpturatus Lewis, Ch. twmuliferus Tullgren, Chearidiwm museorum 
Leach, Cheiridiwm ferum E. Simon, and feaella mucronata Tullgren, 
to point out only the more remarkable ones. The knowledge of the 
distribution of these animals in the south of Africa has thus been 
very much enlarged, thanks to the zeal with which several naturalists 
have collected for the Museum. 

As was mentioned in the Introduction, 87 species are now known 
from the area in question, and of these no less than 42 species were 
represented in the collections from the South African Museum and 
from Mr. Godfrey, of which 10 species are believed to be new. 


1. CHELIFER EQUESTER With. 


In the collections of the South African Museum there were 
specimens from two localities :— 

Transvaal Province: Shiliowane (Rev. H. Junod), 2 ?; Natal 
Province: Durban (C. N. Barker), 2 3. 


2. CHELIFER F'RAE Ellingsen. 


Cape Province. East London (J. Wood), 1 3. 

The Rey. R. Godfrey reports for this species the following 
localities, from which I have examined 2 g, 1 2 :— 

Cape Province. King Wilham’s Town Div.: Burnshill, Pirie, and 
Xukwane; Victoria East Div.: Woodstock and Lovedale, collected 
by Miss Fanny Ross and Mr. Godfrey, on blue gum and on yellow- 
wood. 

Mr. Godfrey writes of this species: ‘‘A tree species, living in the 
looser outside bark, taking shelter in crannies when disturbed. I 
obtained immature specimens moulting in nests, November 21, 1907. 
On November 27, 1907, I found one in a very roomy nest on a gum- 
tree; the animal was at one corner of the nest, and the larval mass 
(quite detached from her) was at the other corner. This is the only 
instance in which I have seen such a thing, and I would need to see 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. om 


it a second time before I could definitively record it, as there is a 


possibility of the separation having been caused as I wrenched off 
the bark.”’ * 


3. CHELIFER INSUBIDUS Tullgren. 


The Rev. Godfrey gives in a letter the following list of localities 
for this species :— 

Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie Forest, Pirie, 
Frankfort Hill, and Ntaba Kandoda, under bark of yellow-wood and 
on wild fig. I have examined 2 3,2 ?, 2 jun. 

“A forest species, living on trees ”’ (Godfrey in litt.). 


4. CHELIFER CONCINNUS Tullgren. 

Cape Province. Cape Town (W. F. Purcell), 1 ¢,1 9? ; Stellen- 
bosch Div.: Faure (W. F. Pureell), 1 ¢?. 

Tullgren’s type specimens were certainly rather young, to judge 
from his statement of their colour and of the longitudinal stripe of 
the abdomen being indistinct owing to the pale colour of the tergites. 
Yet, the colour of the specimens from Cape Colony, too, is rather 
a light one. Another reason for supposing that Tullgren’s specimens 
were not adult, is that he refers the species to the suwbruber group, 
although with a sign of interrogation; the species belongs certainly 
to the cimicoides group, and this the whole appearance also seems to 
indicate. Tullgren’s specimens also certainly had the abdomen very 
much contracted, as he states that the palps are much longer than 
the body; in the specimens mentioned above, with abdomen 
extended, the palps are at least no longer than the body. The 
specimens from Cape Province have the femur and the tibia of the 
palps more robust, which, too, seems to indicate that the specimens 
are more developed. 


5. CHELIFER SUBFOLIOSUS Ellingsen. 

Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Ntaba Kandoda 
(io Godirey), 1 g¢,1 ¢. 

I think the above two specimens belong to this species, though I 
have no original specimens to compare them with. The species 
seems to belong to the cimcoides group, not to the subruber group 
which I thought from the type specimens to be the case, perhaps on 
account of their young state. 

* T have seen such a thing once myself, in Norway, with a Chelifer Cyrneus 


L. Koch, the larval mass separated from the mother (Ellingsen, Norske Pseudo- 
scorpioner, II. Chra. Vid. Selsk Forh., 1903, No. 5, p. 10). 


8 


92 Annals of the South African Museum. 


6. CHELIFER Bayont Ellingsen. 

Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie, 1 ? in the 
nest of the Fiscal Shrike (Lantus collaris L.); Izeli, 2 @ in a stable; 
Green River, 2 2 jun., all collected by Mr. Godfrey ; Blythswood 
(W.J.A. Moir),1 9,4 9,3jun. (I have also seen a specimen (9 ) 
found in Port Elizabeth Museum, forwarded for identification by 
Mr. Hewitt, Grahamstown Museum.) 

The male in the last lot proves that the species belongs to the 
subruber group. 

7. CHELIFER CANCROIDES L. 

Cape Province. Stellenbosch Div.: Faure (W. F. Purcell), 1 3; 
Stellenbosch (L. Péringuey), 1 9; Malmesbury Div.: Berg River 
(W. L. Sclater), 1 ¢. 


8. CHELIFER ExIGuuS Tullgren. 


Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: Bergvliet, 1 ? ,in nest of a bee. 

The specimen agrees in all essentials with the description of this 
species, with the following exceptions: The colour is, on the whole, 
reddish-brown, and the cephalothorax is not quite evenly granulate, 
but has some dispersed bigger tubercles. 


9. CHELIFER FACETUS Tullgren. 

Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie (R. Godfrey), 
Sue Lee une 

Tullgren, as will be seen from the Introduction, based this species 
on specimens (?) from Natal. I have referred the above specimens 
from Pirie to the same species, as they agree well with Tullgren’s 
description, the fact that my specimens, at least the adult ones, are 
males, being, of course, taken into consideration; it is evident from 
the males that the species belongs to the cancroides group, but the 
tergites are destitute of lateral keels and of posterior spine-like 
tubercles. The claws have no teeth ; the posterior claw of I. pair of 
legs is a little abnormal, being somewhat irregular and straightened. 
The trochantin of the IV. pair of legs is characterised by being per- 
pendicularly articulated, as stated by Tullgren. 


10. CHELIFER GARYPOIDES Ellingsen. 
Cape Province. Robertson Div.: Montagu Baths (W. F. Purcell), 
1 jun.; Cape Peninsula: Simonstown (R. M. Lightfoot), 1 2; 
Retreat Flats (R. M. Lightfoot), 2 g; (W. F. Purcell), 1 9,1 jun.; 
Table Mountain (R. M. Lightfoot), 1 g; near Platteklip (W. F. 
Purcell) vis 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 93 


In the Rev. R. Godfrey’s collection: Port Elizabeth, 2 g,1 9, 
1 jun., under stones on the veld (Godfrey) ; King William’s Town 
Div.: Green River (Godfrey, 1 jun. 


11. Cuevirer Kew Ellingsen. 

Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: Cape Town, Salt River, and 
Wynberg (W. F. Purcell, R. M. Lightfoot), 14 9, 9 2, 25 jun.; 
Devil’s Peak (W. F. Purcell), 2 g¢; Hout Bay (W. F. Purcell), 11 ¢, 
6 @?,1 jun.; St. James (W. F. Purcell), 1 9, 2 2, on sea-shore ; 
Sea Point (W. F. Purcell), 1 3; Cape Flats, at Zeekoe Vlei (W. F. 
iBurcell)el Gg, & 2; Bergviiet (W. F. Purcell), 8 9,06 2, Ljuns im 
grass; Miller’s Point, near Simonstown (W. F. Purcell), 5 ¢,2 92; 
Simonstown Mountains (D. L. Patrick), 1 ?; Signal Hill (R. M. 
Lightfoot), 1 @; Knysna Div.: Balmoral (W. F. Purcell), 9 g, 
9 ¢,1 3 jun. 1 2 jun.; Hanover (S. C. Cronwright Schreiner), 
2g; Caledon Div.: Hermanuspetrusfontein (R. M. Lightfoot), 
Sia, 1 25 (oi. Herman), 4 ¢. 

I have examined several specimens from the Rey. R. Godfrey’s 
collection ; he gives in a letter the following localities :— 

King William’s Town Div.: Green River, Pirie, and King 
William’s Town; Victoria Kast Div.: Lovedale. They were taken 
under stones, in a hen-house, in a garden (Miss Fanny Ross), and 
under a piece of wood, in a stable. 

Norte 1.—About this species, Mr. Godfrey gives in a letter some 
interesting particulars : ‘ Like Chelifer cancroides, this species seems 
to depend largely on man for the extension of its range. It is a very 
common species here, and practically always attendant on man. I 
have found only one specimen at a distance from human haunts. 
On November 5, 1908, I found a female with well-developed larval 
mass in a nest under a stone. The nest was of sand, with larger 
pieces of grit; it was very sparingly lined with silk, and therefore 
by no means firm. The attachment of silk on the surface of the 
stone was also very sparing. Measurement of nest at surface of 
attachment, 5x 4 mm. On April 1, 1908, I found one eating an 
immature Chelifer ; it seemed to have hold simply by the mouth 
apparatus. While I held the Chelifer Kewi, I saw it deliberately 
remove the husk from its mouth with its right palp.” 

Notre 2.—Even in an immature state, the male and female of this 
species may, I think, be distinguished before the sexual apparatus is 
visible, the males already in that state having the galea simple and 
of smaller size, and coxa IV. rather slender, the females with the 
galea somewhat more robust and with teeth, and coxa LV. very robust. 


94 Annals of the South African Museum. 


12. CHELIFER MINUSCULOIDES nov. sp. 


3. Two eyes, one on each side. 

Colour.—Cephalothorax and tergites greyish brown, palps more 
reddish brown, the other parts paler. 

Cephalothorax a little longer than broad behind, rather regularly 
and roundly narrowing forwards, rounded in front, the front margin 
nearly straight. Two narrow but distinct transverse grooves ; the 
anterior one about in the middle, nearly straight, ouly a little curved 
forwards laterally; the posterior groove much nearer to the hind 
margin than to the anterior one, in the middle slightly curved back- 
wards, laterally somewhat widened. The posterior corner of cephalo- 
thorax not produced into spine-like tubercles. The surface somewhat 
glossy, rather coarsely granulate, but with no bigger tubercles ; the 
hairs truncate. 

Abdomen.—The tergites divided longitudinally by a fine stripe, 
except the first and the last ones. Tergites 1-5 more or less 
distinetly keeled laterally (the keels decreasing in strength back- 
wards) and produced into spine-like tubercles posteriorly. The 
surface somewhat glossy, coarsely shagreened. The hairs slender 
and truncate, but most of them are broken; no tactile hairs on the 
last segment. The sternites also divided longitudinally, except the 
last one, glossy and slightly shagreened; the hairs slender and 
pointed. 

Palps about as long as the body (with abdomen contracted). Coxa 
glossy and nearly smooth. The other joints glossy and nearly 
smooth, except trochanter and femur, which are somewhat granulate 
on the inner and partly on the upper side; the hand especially is 
very glossy and smooth. The hairs short, dentate, passing into 
truncate and pointed ones. Trochanter with a distinct stalk, 
roundish, semicircular in front, behind with a rounded, coarsely 
granulate tubercle, above with a rounded tubercle, pointing back- 
wards. Femur with a distinct stalk, three times as long as broad, 
nearly straight in front, only a little sinuated towards the tip, behind 
regularly and moderately convex. Tibia with a moderately long 
stalk, this excepted a little shorter and a little broader than 
femur, regularly and moderately convex in front, behind somewhat 
less convex, most so towards the extremity. Hand with a distinct 
stalk, and regularly rounded base, 14 times as broad as tibia, on both 
sides about evenly and moderately convex, passing gradually into 
the fingers. Fingers robust, considerably curved, a little shorter 
than the hand. 


; The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 95 


Mandibles.—Galea very small and simple. 

Legs smooth and glossy. Coxa IV. strongly curved with very 
distinct coxal sac opening. The hairs pointed. The inner claw of 
I. pair of legs somewhat irregular and straightened, the other claws 
simple. The species belongs to the cancroides group. 

Length 1:50 mm. (abdomen contracted) ; width 0-64 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax : long. 0°57; lat. 0-50. Femur : 
long. 0:43; lat. 0-14. Tibia: long. 0-40; lat. 0-17. Hand: 
long. 0:43; lat. 0-26. Fingers: long. 0:39 mm. 

Habitat.—Cape Province. King William’s Town Diy.: Pirie 
Forest, May 13, 1908 (R. Godfrey), 1 3, on a tree. 

Nore.—The species is allied to Ch. minusculus nov. sp. (see 
below), but differs from it in having keels and lateral spine-like 
tubercles on the tergites, the palps less granulate, the hairs more 
simple, and one claw of I. pair of legs abnormal. Both species, 
Ch. minusculus and Ch. minusculoides, are nearly allied to Ch. 
nuucronatus Tullgren. These two names were proposed by the 


Rev. Godfrey. 


13. CHELIFER MINUSCULUS nov. sp. 


g . Two eyes, one on each side. 

Colour.—Cephalothorax and tergites greyish brown; sternites, 
palps, and legs pale reddish brown. 

Cephalothorax as long as wide behind, nearly parallel-sided up to 
the anterior groove, then narrowing forwards, in front, the front 
margin included, regularly rounded. ‘Two transverse grooves, very 
little developed, both of them nearly straight, the anterior groove 
about in the middle, the posterior one considerably nearer to the 
hind margin than to the first. The posterior corner of cephalothorax 
not produced into a spine-like tubercle laterally. The surface glossy, 
minutely and densely granulate, with no bagger tubercles. The hairs 
truneate and dentate. 

Abdomen.—All tergites divided longitudinally by a fine stripe. 
No tergites produced into spine-like tubercles laterally ; there are 
some traces of keels on several of the tergites, but they are very 
little developed. The surface glossy, minutely and densely granulate. 
The hairs very short, but strongly clavate; no tactile hairs on the 
last segment. The sternites divided longitudinally, like the tergites, 
glossy and shagreened, with fine, pointed hairs. 

Palps a little longer than the body (with abdomen somewhat 
extended), slender. Coxa glossy, a small central area nearly smooth, 
around this area slightly granulate. The other joints glossy, slightly 


96 Annals of the South African Museunt. 


and densely granulate, except the fingers. The hairs of trochanter 
and femur more or less distinctly clavate, those of the other joints 
dentate, all of them short, those of the fingers fine and pointed, 
partly long ones. Trochanter with a distinct stalk, roundish, 
strongly convex in front, behind with a small tubercle, above with 
a rounded protuberance, pointing backwards. Femur with a distinct 
stalk, about 34 times as long as broad, nearly parallel-sided, the 
front margin straight, behind somewhat obliquely widened from the 
stalk, the hind margin very little convex or nearly straight, and 
rounded only at base and tip. Tibia with a distinct stalk, consider- 
ably shorter and only a little broader than femur, twice as long as 
wide, somewhat obliquely shaped, the outer side proximally nearly 
straight, somewhat convex towards the extremity, the front side 
regularly and moderately convex, tibia in all only a little tapering 
towards the tip. Hand with a distinct stalk, and regularly rounded 
base, about 14 times as broad as tibia, exteriorly slightly convex, the 
inner side more strongly so, passing obliquely into the fingers. 
Fingers moderately robust, considerably curved, about as long as the 
hand, with no accessory teeth. 

Mandibles.—Galea very minute, pointed and simple. 

Legs.—Coxe glossy and nearly smooth; the other joints 
more or less granulate. Coxa IV. slightly curved, with distinet 
coxal sac opening. The hairs partly clavate, partly simple. All 
claws normal and simple. The species belongs to the cancroides 
group. 

Length 1:75 mm. (with abdomen extended); width of abdomen 
0-74 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax: long. 0°60; lat. 0°60. Femur: 
long. 0°52; lat. 0°16. Tibia: long. 0°36; lat. 0:18. Hand: long. 
0:39; lat. 0-24. Fingers: long. 0°43 mm. 

?. The female, in all essentials, the sexual apparatus excepted, 
resembles the male, but is of somewhat larger size, about 2 mm. 
long. Galea small, though a little stronger than that of the male, 
with some small teeth at the tip. Claws simple. 

Habitat.—Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie 
Forest, where it was found by the Rey. R. Godfrey, abundant on 
yellow-wood. I have examined 11 g, 7 2, and 8 young. 

Notre 1.—This species is among the smallest of the cancrozdes 
group; it is distinguished by having only traces of keels on the 
tergites, and neither these nor the cephalothorax have the corners 
laterally produced ; the claws in both sexes are normal and destitute 
of teeth. 


rc 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 97 


Norr 2.—The Rev. R. Godfrey in a letter remarks on this species 
as follows :— 

“This is a true forest species, which occurs on yellow-wood 
everywhere in Pirie Forest. It is not necessary to give dates for this 
species. June and November are the only months in which I have 
not found it, and the reason undoubtedly is because I have not 
purposely looked for it then. This species moults in a nest of silk 
with dust-covered rim, appressed between two flakes of bark and 
measuring 1°5 mm. across. On December 12, 1907, I found the 
discarded moult in one nest, along with the creature itself ; and on 
March 13, 1908, I took a newly moulted individual out of a nest. 
The ? makes no nest for reproductive purposes, but lives a free life 
at the time she is carrying the larval mass attached to the under side 
of the abdomen. Dates December 12, 1907, and February 12, 1908.” 


14. CHELIFER MUCRONATUS Tullgren. 


Cape Province. Uitenhage Div.: Witteklip, Van Staden’s River 
(I. L. Drége), 2 g, 1 9, under bark of the sneezewood-tree. 

A great number of specimens of this species have been collected 
in King William’s Town Div.: Pirie, Cwenewe, and Burnshill 
(nearly all of them by Miss Fanny Ross, and a single one by the 
Rev. R. Godfrey); they have been taken, according to Mr, Godfrey, 
on blue gum, red gum, apple-tree, and Rhus villosa. I have 
examined 8 3,8 @. The species has also been taken in Victoria 
East Div.: Lovedale (Godfrey), 2 ¢, on blue gum ,; Stutterheim 
Div.: Weltondale (Miss Ross), 3 g, 1 2, on mimosa. 

(I have also seen 1 g, 1 2 from Port Elizabeth (I. L. Drége), 
belonging to the Albany Museum, Grahamstown.) 

Mr. Godfrey writes of this species: ‘‘A tree species. As the 
above data show, nearly every specimen I have has been collected 
for me by Miss Fanny Ross, Pirie. She obtained a female with its 
larval mass attached, living free on a blue gum, November 18, 
IOS: 4 

Norr.—Tullgren says, in his description of this species, that the 
cephalothorax and palps are not glossy; all specimens I have 
examined are somewhat glossy, yet I have no doubt that my speci- 
mens belong to this species. An excellent character for the males 
of this form is the spine of the antero-exterior corner of coxa IV. 
Not always as many as 8 tergites (as Tullgren states) are produced 
into a spine-like tubercle and keeled; sometimes fewer may be so 
produced. 


98 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


15. CHELIFER PARADOXUS NOV. sp. 


3. Two large eyes, one on each side. 

Colour.—Cephalothorax and tergites brown, palps reddish brown, 
the under side and legs pale brownish. 

Cephalothorax much longer than wide (about as 4:3), nearly 
parallel-sided till towards the eyes ; but the lateral contour is rather 
irregular on account of the transverse grooves being alittle produced 
laterally ; near the eyes the cephalothorax is a little rounded, the 
front margin nearly straight. Two transverse grooves very well 
developed, the anterior one about in the middle, nearly straight, very 
broad and deep, somewhat widened laterally; the posterior groove 
at about equal distance from the hind margin and the first groove, 
nearly straight too, less developed ; the posterior corners of cephalo- 
thorax not produced into a spine. The surface nearly glossless, 
coarsely granulate, but with no bigger tubercles; along the front 
margin a row of distinctly clavate hairs; the other hairs are 
apparently broken. 

Abdomen long and slender. All tergites divided longitudinally by 
a fine stripe. All tergites (except the last one) have a feeble, dark 
lateral keel. The surface glossless and coarsely granulate, along the 
hind margin each tergite is provided with short and strongly clavate 
hairs; no tactile hairs on the last segment. The sternites divided 
longitudinally, glossy and shagreened, with fine and pointed hairs, 
and additionally on the sclerites 6-9 provided with areas of bristles 
The species belongs to the swbruber group. 

Palps somewhat longer than the body (with abdomen extended), 
thus long and slender. Coxa glossy and slightly granulate or nearly 
smooth ; the other joints glossy below, above nearly glossless, more 
or less granulate, except the fingers. The hairs of the inner side 
(especially those of trochanter and femur) distinctly clavate, the 
other hairs dentate. Trochanter with a rather long stalk, a little 
longer than wide, on both sides slightly convex, above with a strong 
protuberance, which basally is nearly perpendicular, distally sloping 
towards the extremity. Femur with a distinct stalk, about four 
times as long as broad, thus rather slender, in front distinetly 
concave, behind gradually widened from the stalk, the hind margin 
distinctly convex, a little narrowing towards the tip, but femur on the 
whole cannot be said to be club-shaped. Tibia with a rather long 
stalk, about as long and as wide as femur, cJub-shaped, behind in the 
greater central part slightly concave, convex towards the tip, in front 
gradually widened from the stalk, the imner side distinctly convex. 
Hand with a distinct stalk, and regularly rounded base, only a little 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. hs) 


broader than tibia, exteriorly nearly straight, in front slightly convex 
or nearly straight, passing a little obliquely into the fingers. Fingers 
robust, slightly curved, a little shorter than the hand (4: 5). 

Mandibles.—Galea small and simple. 

Legs more or less granulate, with partly clavate, partly dentate, and 
simple hairs. Tibia of IV. pair very broad (high), being very convex 
on the inner side. Claws small and simple. 

? .—The female has the palps somewhat more robust, tibia with 
no concavity exteriorly, and the tibia of IV. pair of legs slender. 
Galea of the single specimen broken. 

Length (with abdomen extended) 2°22 mm., width of abdomen 
0-79 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax: long. 0°79; lat. 0°57. Femur : 
long. 0°72; lat. 0-19. Tibia: long. 0°64; lat. 0:20. Hand: long. 
0:57; lat. 0-23. Fingers: long. 0-46 mm. 

Habitat——Cape Province. King William’s Town Diy.: Ntaba 
Kandoda (R. Godfrey), 1 3 (type); Transkei, Butterworth: Blyths- 
wood, 1 g¢ ; Kei Bridge, 1 ? (R. Godfrey). 

Norre.—Though this species belongs to the swhruber group, it has 
the tergites slightly keeled, a thing till now observed only in the 
species belonging to the cancroides group, with the exception of a 
South American species, Ch. satanas With, also belonging to the 
subruber group. The keels in Ch. paradorus are certainly only 
slightly developed, and are seen best when the animal is examined 
in alcohol, but they are nevertheless present. The species, on 
account of the slender palps, has much in common with several 
other forms of the swbruber group, for instance Ch. angulatus 
Hllingsen, but that species is much larger and has still more slender 


palps. 


16. CHELIFER SCULPTURATUS Lewis. 


Transvaal Province: Johannesburg (H. A. Fry), 1g; Natal 
Province: Richmond (Rev. J. R. Ward), 1 ?, 1 jun., in beehives ; 
Pietermaritzburg (C. Fuller), 19,192. 

The immature specimen from Richmond has the exceedingly 
coarse granulation, which is found on the palps in the adult speci- 
mens, much less developed, and present only, in a smaller degree, 
on the inner side of femur and tibia. I have not been able, with 
certainty, to detect eyes, either in the adult specimens or in the 
immature one. It is interesting to note that the specimens from 
Richmond were taken in beehives, as were the type specimens. 

During the printing I have received from Mr. Godfrey a couple of 


100 Annals of the South African Museum, 


palps of this species, taken in Griqualand Kast: Isolo by Miss Fanny 
Ross, June, 1912, in beehives. 


17. CHELIFER SEGREGATUS Tullgren. 
Cape Province. Clanwilliam Div. (C. L. Leipoldt), 2 ¢. 
The femur of the palps is somewhat more robust than should be 
the case according to Tullgren’s figure, but in all else the specimens 
agree well with the description. 


18. CHELIFER Simoni Balzan. 


Cape Province. Stellenbosch Div.: Faure (W. F. Purcell), 1 @. 

I have also examined 5 g and 14 2, sent by the Rev. R. Godfrey, 
who gives the following localities: Victoria Hast Div.: Lovedale, 
many under stones in manure heap in company with Ch. Kewi, and 
some on gum-tree. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie, two under 
stones; Cwenewe, eight on dead tree; Burnshill, one on mimosa. 
Griqualand East, Isolo (Miss Fanny Ross), 3 g, 2 2. 

Mr. Godfrey gives the following details on its habits: ‘This 
species is interesting because of its two distinct habitats, on trees and 
on the ground. It makes a nest for moulting purposes, and the ? 
makes a nest for reproduction. The latter nests I have found on 
January 1, 1908, on a tree; diameter of nest, 4°55 mm. I have seen 
this species carrying as prey another false-scorpion in its chelicere.”’ 


19. CHELIFER TUMULIFERUS Tullgren. 

Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: Bergvliet (W. F. Purcell), 4 ¢, 
3 2. 

Norse 1.—When Tullgren, in his description of this species, says, 
‘“‘Am Innenrande hat es (das Femur) nahe am Stielchen einen 
charakteristischen, kleinen Knollen. Vor diesem Knollen ist das 
Glied sehr schwach konvex,’’ I suppose the last word is a misprint 
for ‘‘konkav,” to judge from the figure. In the above-mentioned 
specimens (g 3) the concavity is indeed quite considerable, except 
in one specimen, where it is less pronounced and very like Tullgren’s 
figure. The stalk of the femur, too, is better marked out in my 
specimens than is indicated in Tullgren’s description and figure. 
But I have no doubt that the specimens from Bergvliet belong to 
Tullgren’s species. 

To the description given by this author I shall make some addi- 
tional remarks: Tullgren puts a mark of interrogation as to his 
specimen being a ¢ ; I donot think this is necessary, as I will try to 


The Pseudoscorpions or South Africa. LOL 


show in the following. I feel quite sure that the species belongs to 
the swbruber group, more especially as the males, examined by me, 
have bristled areas on 5 or 6 sternites, one small area on each side 
near the median line: these areas are quite small (contrary to what 
is the case in most other species of the ‘swhruber group) and with 
proportionally few bristles. 

Together with these males were some females which in all 
essentials resemble the males, except in the femur being normally 
shaped, with no basal protuberance on the front side of femur ; tibia 
and hand are (as usual in ? ) somewhat more robust, and the fingers 
proportionally somewhat shorter; femur and tibia somewhat more 
strongly granulate; femur is in front proximally slightly convex, 
distally slightly concave. 

Nore. 2.—The females mentioned above very much resemble the 
female which Tullgren has described under the name of Chelifer 
lamellatus. Tullgren, it is true, says of this species that it has only 
“deutliche Augenflecke,”’ thus no real eyes, but eye-spots and real 
eyes are often easily confounded. What Tullgren means by 
“‘Lamellen”’ in this species I have not quite been able to realise. 
If this suggestion of mine is right, Ch. twmuliferus may be g and 
Ch. lamellatus 2 of the same species. But I dare not at present 
unite the two. 


20. CHELIFER WALLISKEWI nov. sp. 

3. Two eyes of moderate size, one on each side. 

Colour.—Body and palps dark reddish brown, the keels of 
abdomen blackish red, the under side, legs, and mandibles palish 
brown. 

Cephalothorax distinctly longer than wide behind, gradually narrow- 
ing forwards, rounded in front, the front margin slightly convex. Two 
very prominent transverse grooves ; the posterior one, especially, is 
very broad and deep; the anterior groove about in the middle, 
straight, somewhat widened laterally ; the posterior one considerably 
nearer to the hind margin than to the first, distinctly curved for- 
wards and, like the first, widened laterally. The hind corner of 
cephalothorax produced into a small, brown, spine-like process, 
sometimes rather indistinct. The surface somewhat glossy, densely 
granulate, and provided additionally with scattered bigger granules ; 
these are laterally bigger and pointed. The very few hairs (which 
are left?) truncate and slightly dentate. 

Abdomen.—The three anterior tergites and the last one entire, the 
other tergites divided longitudinally by a fine stripe; yet in one 


102 Annals of the South African Musewni. 


specimen the last tergite is partly divided. The 7 or 8 anterior 
tergites are provided with lateral keels and produced posteriorly 
into a spine-like process ; this process is rather small. The surface 
somewhat glossy and slightly granulate. The hairs are mostly broken 
and lost, some left are short and truncate; at the tip of the lateral 
spine-like process there is (when not broken) a hair, slightly clavate. 
All sternites divided longitudinally; but the division of the last 
sternite is only partial; the surface somewhat glossy and shagreened. 
The hairs broken or lacking. 

Palps (when abdomen contracted) longer than, or (when abdomen 
extended) as long as the body; moderately slender. Coxa glossy 
and slightly granulate; the other joints, too, glossy and granulate, 
but in addition there are on some of the joints bigger and pointed 
granules ; for instance on trochanter, except on the under side, on 
the femur above, but especially on the front side some very big ones, 
also some smaller ones on the hind surface; on the inner side of 
tibia, too, some bigger granules. Fingers smooth. The clothing of 
hairs is rather scattered, consisting of short, truncate, and a little 
dentate hairs, curved forwards or nearly depressed; on several of 
the bigger granules the hairs are rather clavate. Trochanter with a 
distinct stalk, somewhat longer than wide, oblong, in front and 
behind moderately convex, above with a rather strong and rounded 
protuberance. Femur with a distinct stalk, about 5 times as long 
as wide at the tip, the inner side straight or slightly concave, behind 
gradually widened from the stalk, the outer side slightly convex, 
femur in alla little curved and slightly club-shaped, viz., gradually 
increasing in width distally. Tibia with a short but distinct stalk, 
decidedly club-shaped, distinctly shorter than femur, and at the 
extremity about as wide as the femur, behind nearly straight, only 
somewhat convex near the extremity, or slightly convex; in front 
nearly straight, a little sinuated near the tip. Hand with a very 
short stalk, and the base obliquely rounded, oblong, as long as and 
about 14 times as wide as tibia, exteriorly slightly convex or some- 
times nearly flat, interiorly somewhat more strongly convex, more or 
less gradually passing into the fingers. Fingers about as long as the 
hand or a little shorter, considerably curved, rather slender, with no 
accessory teeth. 

Mandibles.—The galea was broken in all specimens examined. 

Legs.—All joints glossy and more or less granulate. Coxa IV. 
curved (as usual in the cancroides group), on the exterior corner pro- 
vided with a brown, rounded, somewhat irregular spine-like process ; 
this process, strictly speaking, is situated on the back of the joint, 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 103 


thus sometimes difficult to see; coxal sac present. Tvrochanter I. 
and II, posterrorly produced into a broad, rounded process, most 
pronounced in trochanter I. Femur LY. on the back in the proximal 
half provided with several small, irregular spines (or granules). 
Femur III. and IV. at tie tip exteriorly and interiorly produced into a 
pot (or spine). Tarsus LI. with the tip exteriorly produced into a 
very strong pont, which is sometimes divided. Claws with no teeth, 
rather small; one claw of I. pair normal, the other very small 
and nearly straight. The species belongs to the cancroides group. 

?. The female, beside the sexual apparatus, naturally differs 
from the male in lacking the keels and the spine-like projections of 
the cephalothorax and the tergites, and in having coxa IV. normally 
shaped with no coxal sac. In addition, the tarsus of pair I. is 
normal, trochanter I. and II. have their processes less developed ; 
the process of the back of coxa IV. is lacking, and femur III. and 
TV. are not produced apically. One female had one of its galeas 
unbroken: it was rather small with some apical teeth. 

Length (g) 3°86 mm.; breadth of abdomen 1:57 mm. 

Measurements (3g ).—Cephalothorax : long. 1:14; lat. 1:00. 
Femur: long. 1°36; lat. 0°28. Tibia: long. 1:07; lat. 0°31. Hand: 
long. 1:07; lat. 0-49. Fingers: long. 0°97 mm. 

Habitat.—The types of this species were collected by the Rey. R. 
Godfrey at Transkei, Butterworth: Blythswood, Bushman’s Rock, 
July 13, 1909, under stones; I have examined 3 gf and 2 2 from 
this locality. It has also been taken by Mr. Godfrey in King 
William’s Town Div.: Green River, 1 ?. In the collection from the 
South African Museum also some specimens of this species were 
present, though mostly very badly preserved, viz. :— 

Cape Province. Swellendam Div.: between Stormevlei and Brak- 
fontein Farm (Zonder Hinde Mountains) (W. F. Purcell), 1g, 4 9 
(adult), broken. Oudtshoorn Div.: In the caves at Cango (W. F. 
Purcell), 4 ¢, 1° (young). Cape Peninsula (W. F. Purcell), 1 g 
(young). 

The specimens from Cango Caves and Cape Peninsula certainly 
belong to this species; they are rather immature, but the sexual 
apparatus, at least externally, seems to be well developed. But they 
have not the dark colour of the adults, and the bigger granules of 
the palps are not yet well developed. 

This species is very well distinguished by several characters, given 
in the description. It belongs to those of the cancroides group having 
slender palps, but cannot well, as regards the males, be confounded 
with any hitherto described species. 


104 Annals of the South African Museum. 


ne CHmmipium musnorum Leach. 

Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie Forest (R. 
Godfrey and Miss Fanny Ross), 2 specimens ; on yellow-wood. 

Notrr.—The capture of this species and the next one in South 
Africa, in a wild state, is indeed very astonishing, but my comparison 
of them with European specimens of both species has left me no 
doubt that they do indeed belong to the European forms of this 
genus. Ag will be seen from the Introduction, Ch. maseorum is in 
Europe found in or near inhabited places, while the other species is 
only taken in a wild state. One of the specimens I have examined 
was a male, 


99. CHEIRIDIUM FERUM E. Simon. 


I have examined, of this species, 6 specimens from South Africa, 
males and females. According to Mr. Godfrey the localities were 
the following :— 

Victoria East Div.: Lovedale, Alice. ‘‘ Many nests under the 
bark of gum-trees. The nests, made of white silk only, are very 
conspicuous ; one surface of the nest is attached to the bark, and the 
other surface lies over this attached layer’’ (Godfrey in litt.). King 
William’s Town Div.: Pirie Forest, common‘on yellow-wood. 

As to the occurrence of this species in South Africa, see the Note 
to the preceding one. 


23. CHEIRIDIUM SUBTROPICUM Tullgren. 
Cape Province, Victoria East Div.: Woodstock, Alice, 2 
specimens, 
‘‘ Both were taken on yellow-wood. One was found free, and the 
other was inside a dust-covered nest, and was carrying four larval 
young. Not met with again’’ (Godfrey in litt.). 


24, FEAELLA MUCRONATA Tullgren. 

Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: St. James (W. F. Purcell), 
ee 

Among the characters in which this species differs from F’. 
mirabilis Ellingsen, the mandibles are much larger and almost 
entirely visible from above, while in F'. mrabilis they are entirely 
covered by the anterior part of cephalothorax ; the cephalothorax is 
also considerably narrower proportionally to the width of abdomen 
than is the case in the West African species. 

The characteristic recess (‘« Vertiefung ’’) which Tullgren describes 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 105 


as present between the two anterior pairs of cox in the female I 
cannot detect in the two males I have examined; perhaps this 
feature is found only in the females. The projection of the base of 
the femur of the palps is small, of smaller size than Tullgren seems 
to indicate, but the protuberance of the trochanter is very large. 
The colour I should prefer to call bricky as in F’. mirabilis. 


25. GARYPUS CAPENSIS nov. sp. 

?. Four large eyes, two on each side, about half a diameter from 
one another, situated (as usual in Garypus) on an eminence; the 
anterior eye looking forward and obliquely upwards, the posterior 
one showing directly backwards ; the anterior eye about 5 diameters 
from the front margin of cucullus. 

Colour.—Cephalothorax dark chestnut, with a large blackish red, 
rather glossless central spot near the hind margin. Palps chestnut 
with the fingers somewhat darker. The tergites spotted ; the ground 
colour pale greyish brown, each sclerite with one large brown spot 
laterally and another, somewhat smaller, brown spot at a little 
distance from the median line; the anterior two or three tergites 
have the spots somewhat effaced, their colour being rather brownish 
on their whole surface. The sternites have their colour distributed 
in the same manner as the tergites, but less regularly and with the 
spots of a paler colour, 

Cephalothorax has the hind margin a little longer than the length 
of cephalothorax, and is on the whole somewhat triangular, strongly 
and gradually narrowing forwards from the posterior corner to the 
contraction which forms the cucullus; the latter is very long and 
very sloping (genuine Garypus cephalothorax); the front margin 
with very conspicuous sinuation ; cucullus with deep and conspicuous 
longitudinal groove from off the eyes, but this groove terminates 
before reaching the front margin. No transverse groove visible. 
The surface very glossy (except the dark spot posteriorly, which is 
somewhat less glossy) and coarsely granulate, laterally most 
coarsely. The hairs (most of them broken) of cephalothorax 
moderately long, robust, broad, somewhat clavate. 

Abdomen.—Tergites divided very distinctly by a rather broad 
longitudinal band, except the first and the last one. The surface 
rather glossless, coarsely granulate, provided with hairs of the same 
kind as those of cephalothorax (mostly broken). The sternites are 
also divided longitudinally, but less distinctly; less coarsely 
granulate, a little glossy; the hairs like those of the upper side. 


106 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Palps distinctly shorter than the body, but abdomen is very much 
extended. The surface glossy and coarsely granulate all round. 
The hairs are longer than usual in Garypus, thick (as in cephalo- 
thorax) and distinctly widened apically, thus clavate, equally strong 
on both sides of the palps. The fingers have only fine and pointed 
hairs. Coxa somewhat produced in front, but the extremity is 
truncate. Trochanter with a distinct stalk, globose, semicircular in 
front, behind with two protuberances, an upper one and a lower one ; 
the upper protuberance is much rounded and is the larger one, the 
lower protuberance of smaller size and notso much rounded. Femur 
with well-pronounced stalk, about 24 times as long as wide, robust, 
after the rounding at the stalk with the inner side nearly straight or 
shghtly convex, behind roundly widened from the stalk, the posterior 
side distinctly convex. Tibia conspicuously shorter than, and as 
broad as, femur, with a moderately long stalk, behind distinctly 
convex, most strongly so towards the extremity, in front gradually 
widened from the stalk, somewhat swollen in the central part, some 
what sinuated towards the tip. Hand with a distinct stalk, about 
1+ times as wide as tibia, with obliquely rounded base, the outer side 
shghtly convex, the inner side somewhat more strongly so. Fingers 
very robust, curved, much shorter than the hand (3: 4). 

Mandibles of very small size. Galea small, from the middle 
divided into three simple but rather strong branches. 

Legs more or less granulate, with clavate hairs; only tibia at the 
extremity and the tarsi have in addition some slender hairs. Femur 
I. and II. have pars basalis distinctly shorter than pars tibialis, the 
basal part being thus trochantin-like, with distinct articulation ; 
first tarsal joint distinctly longer than the second; tibia a little 
longer than tarsus. Tibia III. and IV. distinctly longer than the 
corresponding tarsi. Coxa IV. rather long with the hind margin 
straight. Arolum longer than the claws; the latter are simple. 

The species is a large and robust one. Length 5-4 mm.; width 
of abdomen 2°3 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax: long. 1:15; lat. behind 1°36. 
Femur: long. (excl. of the stalk) 1:15; lat. 0°50. Tibia: long. 
(excl. of the stalk) 0°93; lat. 0°50. Hand: long. 1:15; lat. 0-67. 
Fingers: long. 0°83 mm. 

Habitat.—Cape Province. Malmesbury Div.: Stompneus Bay in 
St. Helena Bay (J. E. C. Goold), 1 9. 

Norr.—Of special interest, in this species, is the construction of 
femur I. and II., having the basal part shorter than the tibial part ; 
in spite of this it is necessary to refer the species to Garypus and not 


The Pseudoscorpions uf South Africa. 107 


to Garypinus, the shape of cephalothorax and of the cucullus being 
so decidedly Garypus-like, and this must certainly be of more 
weight than the construction of femur I. and II. mentioned above. 
In spite of the palpal coxa being somewhat produced (but truncate 
at the extremity), the species must, I suppose, belong to the Garypus 
minor group and not to the saxicola group, but in that case it will 
be one of the largest, if not the largest, species of its group. 


26. GARYPUS ImprREssus Tullgren. 

Cape Province. King William’s Town Diy.: Pirie Forest (BR. 
Godfrey), 2 2 adult, 2 very young specimens. Griqualand East: 
Isolo (Miss Jessie K. Mackinnon), 1 young. 

Nore 1.—I have examined the five above specimens which I refer 
to this species. The adult specimens are of somewhat larger size 
than Tullgren’s—about 3 mm. against Tullgren’s 1°75 mm.—but the 
characteristic transversal impression of the hand will, I think, decide 
their belonging to Tullgren’s species. Beside the difference in size 
there are, however, still some characters to be remarked upon in 
Godfrey’s specimens: Cephalothorax is of a dark brown colour, but 
has (well pronounced even in the young specimens) a paler coloured 
triangular area extending half-way to the eyes. Tullgren has in his 
figure given the femur and the tibia of the palps a very irregular 
appearance (he mentions no such thing in the description) ; Godfrey’s 
specimens certainly have also on the inner side of femur and tibia 
some bigger granules, but not approximately on the same scale as 
Tullgren’s figure. But this carries no great weight, being just a 
character in which some species of Garypus (for instance, G. minor 
L. Koch) vary very much. 

Nore 2.—The Rev. R. Godfrey gives in a letter some very interest- 
ing information on this species: ‘‘This is a ground-loving species, 
living under stones in the forest. It makes nests for the purposes of 
moulting and reproduction. The nests are hemispherical, attached 
to a stone; they are made of earth particles, lined with silk, with a 
silk layer over the enclosed surface of the stone as well. 

“T have found individuals moulting in nests on April 16 and 
September 19, as well as half-grown young ones in nests on December 
9. I have found nests with females carrying their larval mass on 
September 19 and December 9. 

“On September 19, 1908, I obtained a number of these creatures, 
and, having no tube with me, I put them alive in a roll of paper. 
On reaching home, I found an adult eating a colourless moulting 


o) 


108 Annals of the South African Museum. 


individual. While sucking its prey, the Garypus used its chelicerae to 
hold it, having the finger with the galea on the under side of the 
prey; but when changing the position of the prey it used its large 
nippers, removing the prey from its chelicere, turning it about and 
then pressing it again as far as possible into both chelicere, and 
then removing its large nippers from the prey. In walking, the 
cannibal Garypus carried its prey in its cheliceree. Once | lost sight 
of the feeding Garypus, and found it prowling on the platform of the 
microscope; on touching it, I caused it to drop its prey from its 
chelicere, but, on replacing it in the observation tray and putting 
the dried-up prey beside it, I soon saw it fearlessly pick up the 
shrivelled prey again. It picked it up with its left pedipalp and held 
it at arm’s length while it cleaned the fingers of its right pedipalp in 
its serrula. It then transferred the prey to its chelicere and 
marched off again with it, keeping its pedipalps stretched out in 
front on either side and the nippers expanded vertically as it walked. 
How slow the process of sucking the juices of the prey was may 
be judged from the fact that my observations extended over four 
hours, and that even then the Garypus had not finished its meal.” 


27. GARYPUS MINUTUS Tullgren. 

Tullgren has (loc. cit.) described a species, Garypus minutus, on, 
as he says, a female ‘‘ wahrscheinlich nicht geschlechtsreif,”’ and of 
very small size, 1:38 mm. I suppose, however, that he has had 
before him not a young female, as he states, but a young male, the 
galea being recorded to be pointed and simple. This species is very 
well characterised and easily distinguishable by the shape of the 
hand of the palps; this has a form somewhat like a rectangle, with 
the inner and outer sides rather straight. In the collection under 
consideration there are some specimens having the hand of this 
shape and also as regards the other characters agreeing well with 
Tullgren’s description, but these specimens are very young and form 
the transition to more adult stages which have some characters 
lacking in the younger stages, and, therefore, not mentioned in 
Tullgren’s description. Be it at once understood that the hand may 
vary very much, not only according to the stage of development, that 
is to the size, but also in the same stage. 

One of the characters alluded to above consists in the hand, 
especially in more adult specimens, at the extremity (thus at the 
base of the fingers) being contracted, often nearly perpendicularly to 
the fingers, more or jess strongly, either on both sides, interiorly 
and exteriorly, or only on the inner side (this contraction in the 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 109 


present species must not be confounded with what occurs in another 
species, Garypus impressus Tullgren, mentioned above, which has a 
transversal impression across the base of the fingers). This contrac- 
tion in G. minutus makes the hand still more angular than is the case 
in younger specimens, cf. Tullgren’s figure. The central part of the 
inner side is, however, generally nearly straight, or may sometimes 
be somewhat convex. The galea has the usual difference in Garypus : 
small and simple in 3, larger and provided with some teeth in ?. 

That the species may be an immature stage of Garypus olivaceus 
Tullgren (= G. senegalensis Balzan), as Tullgren somewhere suggests, 
I think quite out of the question. 

I mentioned above that this species varies very much as to the 
hand, especially in the different stages of development, and therefore 
think it will be of interest to give some remarks on the specimens 
from different localities, as follows :— 


Cape Province. George Div.: Montagu Pass(W. F. Purcell), 1 very 
young ; typical,* yet with no trace of real contraction of the hand. 

Mossel Bay (W. F. Purcell), 1 2 very young; typical, but with 
a shght indication of contraction. 

Clanwilliam Div.: Waterfall Kloof, near Boschkloof (R. Pattison), 
1 ? adult; the contraction distinct on the inner side, less distinct 
on the outer side of one hand; scarcely visible on the other hand. 

Clanwilliam Diy.: Van Rhijndorp Road (C. L. Leipoldt), 1 ¢ 
adult ; nearly typical, but with distinct contraction on both sides. 

Robertson Div.: Kogman’s Kloof (W. F. Purcell), 1g ; nearly 
typical, distinct contraction on both sides. 

Caledon (W. F. Purcell), 2 2 adult; distinct contraction on both 
sides in one specimen; in the other very slightly behind. 

Bredasdorp Div.: Marcus Bay (H. A. Fry), 13,12, both adult ; 
though the specimens are rather well developed, the contraction is 
proportionally less pronounced than usual in other examples of the 
same size. 

Swellendam Diy.: Between Stormsvlei and Brakfontein Farm 
(Zondereinde Mountains) (W. F. Purcell), 1 @ adult ; nearly typical, 
but contracted at the inner side of the hand. 

Besides these, there were in Godfrey’s collection a couple of speci- 
mens, one adult from Victoria East Div.: Lovedale, August, 1910, 
certainly belonging to this species, and another very immature one 
from King William’s Town Diy.: Pirie, rather doubtfully referable to 


* T use the expression ‘‘ typical ’’ here in accordance with Tullgren’s description 
and figure. 


110 Annals of the South African Museum. 


this form ; the latter was taken from a nest of a grass warbler (Cistz- 
cola lais Sharpe), December 19, 1910. 

During the printing I received from Mr. Godfrey 2 specimens, 
g and 2, from Griqualand East: Isolo, taken by Miss Fanny Ross, 
June, 1912. 


In Godfrey’s collection there are several young examples which in 
all essentials resemble the above species except as regards the shape 
of the hand. While the typical form has the inner half of the hand 
rather broadened, the central part of the inner side is, nevertheless, 
rather straight or, at most, a little convex ; but Godfrey's specimens 
have the inner part of the hand so much broadened with no straight 
central line, that the hand, on account of this, gets a triangular 
appearance. Till more specimens are found, I shall call this form 


var. TRIANGULARIS, 


a name which, in case the form should prove to be a new species, 
would be a characteristic one. For the hand is indeed most charac- 
teristic and peculiar. I will add, that in one specimen a slight 
indication of a contraction of the hand is present, indicating relation to 
the typical form. 

I have examined 9 specimens, according to Mr. Godfrey, taken in 
the following localities :— 

Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Izeh, 5 in nests; 
Frankfort Hill, 3,000 feet, 1 specimen under a stone. Transkei, 
Butterworth: Blythswood, Bushman’s Rock, 1 specimen. Orange 
Free State Province: Bloemfontein, Naval Hill, 2 specimens. 


28. GARYPUS PURCELLI nov. sp. 


Four small eyes, two on each side, about 1 diameter from each 
other, but not situated on a common eminence; the anterior eye 
about 3 diameters from the front margin of the cucullus. 

Colour.—The adult specimen (?): cephalothorax and palps dark 
brown, the tergites palish brown, with no distinct colour spots. The 
other specimen, immature, 1s on the whole palish brown. 

Cephalothorax considerably longer than wide (11:8); the lateral 
margins, from behind till midway, nearly parallel-sided, the anterior 
half regularly rounded, with no distinct contraction at the base of the 
cucullus, the front margin short and distinctly sinuated in the middle. 
Cucullus is thus very little pronounced and rather short. Near the 
hind margin a straight transverse groove. The surface distinctly and 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. phe 


regularly granulate, nearly glossless. The hairs are broken. Cephalo- 
thorax is, on the whole, more like that of a Garypinus than of a 
Garypus. 

Abdomen.—No longitudinal division of the tergites is visible. The 
surface distinctly granulate and nearly glossless. The sternites are 
not divided ; they are slightly shagreened and glossy. On one speci- 
men a couple of tactile hairs are present on the last segment. No 
other hairs were found (probably broken off). 

Palps about as long as the body with abdomen extended. The 
surface of all joints (coxa included) nearly glossless, distinctly and 
regularly granulate all round, except the fingers, which are smooth 
and glossy. The hairs are nearly all of them broken (or lacking), 
one or two hairs of one hand are very short and slender. The 
fingers, on the contrary, have a proportionally dense clothing of long 
and pointed hairs, among them some long tactile ones. Coxa in 
front somewhat rounded. Trochanter with a distinct stalk, about as 
long as wide, very convex in front, behind with two tubercles, an 
upper one and a lower one, the lower one more central or basal, the 
upper one more distal, both rounded. Femur with a distinct stalk, 
nearly four times as long as wide (thus rather slender), a little 
widened from the stalk behind as well as in front, slightly convex on 
both sides, only slightly narrowing towards the extremity. Tibia 
with a distinct stalk, somewhat club-shaped, the outer side slightly 
convex proximally, distally more strongly so, the inner side regularly 
convex on the whole length; tibia is only slightly narrowed at the 
tip, considerably shorter and a little broader than femur. Hand with 
a distinct stalk, with the base oblique and only a little rounded, the 
outer side nearly straight, except at the passage into the fingers (in 
the younger specimen the outer side of the hand is somewhat 
convex), the inner side strongly convex ; the hand is about 1} times 
as wide as the tibia. Fingers rather slender, slightly curved and a 
little longer than the hand (5:4). 

Mandibles of small size. Galea rather robust, at the tip indistinctly 
tridendate. 

Legs glossy and slightly granulate or nearly smooth, with simple, 
pointed hairs. Femur I.and II. have the basal part nearly twice as 
long as the tibial one, with distinct articulation ; the tarsal joints 
about of equal length ; the whole tarsus only a little longer than the 
tibia. Tibia III. and IV. are only a little shorter than the tarsus. 
Coxa IV. rather short with the hind margin rounded. Arolium dis- 
tinctly longer than the claws; these are simple. 

Length of the adult specimen, 3°3 mm.; width of abdomen, 0-86 mm. 


112 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Measurements.—Cephalothorax: long. 0:79; lat. 0-57. Femur: 
long. 0°76; lat. 0:20. Tibia: long. 0°61; lat. 0°24. Hand: long. 0:57 ; 
lat. 0°36. Fingers: long, 0-71 mm. 

Habitat.—Cape Province. Beaufort West (W. F. Purcell), 19, 
1 jun. 

Note 1.—The first specimen is adult and well-coloured, and is the 
type, but there is no doubt that the other specimen also belongs to 
the same species, although it is of paler colour, less developed and of 
smaller size. 

Nore 2.—I have been in great doubt as to the genus to which this 
species ought to be referred. The anterior part of cephalothorax, 
which is rounded, with no or, at least, little pronounced cucullus, 
making cephalothorax not much Garypus-like, seems to exclude it 
from the genus Garypus. But other characters—for instance, the 
strong granulation and the construction of the two anterior pairs of 
legs (which is quite Garypus-like)—indicate it to be excluded from 
the two other possible genera, Garypinus and Olpiwm, at least as 
these are establisbed at present. For further remarks on this subject, 
see Note to Garypus capensis, above; but it may be said that the 
more species that are described of the family Garypide, the more 
difficult becomes the arrangement of the genera, so that the safe 
establishment of these certainly cannot yet be undertaken. I have, 
however, at least provisorily, referred the new species to Garypus, in 
spite of the construction of the cephalothorax. 


29, GARYPUS SENEGALENSIS Balzan. 


1891. Garypus senegalensis Balzan, 1. p. 535. 

1907. Garypus olivaceus Tullgren, 22. p. 63. 

Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: Wynberg (H. Beard), 1 $ jun. ; 
Table Mountain, near Platteklip (W. F. Purcell), 1 ¢ , of rather pale 
colour; St. James, on seashore and on mountain-side (W. F. 
Purcell), 22 adult and 2 jun.; Kenilworth Flats (Cyril French), 19; 
Cape Town, Museum Garden (R. M. Lightfoot), 1 g jun. (the sexual 
region already dark); Plumstead Flats (W. F. Purcell), 2 ¢ adult, 
2 immature, very young ; Newlands (L. Péringuey), 1 3, 12, variety 
(see below) ; Stellenbosch (L. Péringuey), 1 @ jun. Natal Province: 
Richmond (Rev. J. R. Ward), 2 g¢ jun., 1 ¢. Transvaal Province : 
Johannesburg (W. F. Purcell), 1 ?. 

In the Rey. Godfrey’s collection :— 

Cape Peninsula: Foot of Table Mountain, 1 ? with larval mass 
in nest under stone, November 12, 1907. Orange Free State: 
Bloemfontein, Naval Hill, 1 ¢ jun. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 113 


“This is a ground species, living under stones. The pregnant 
makes a nest like that of Obisiwm muscorum, but of much rougher 
material, with the usual lining of silk, attached to the under side of 
a stone’ (Godfrey in litt.). 

Norr.—After having examined a number of specimens from South 
Africa, I have no doubt that G. olivaceus Tullgren is the same species 
as G. senegalensis Balzan. Balzan’s figure of this species agrees 
very well, but there are some remarks in Balzan’s description which 
need to be taken into consideration. Balzan says of the cephalo- 
thorax: ‘“ Sulco transverso, distincto.” Tullgren, on the contrary: 
‘““Querfurchen fehlen, die erste Furche ist aber angedeutet.”’ In 
another place, however, Tullgren says that the groove is ‘ ziemlich 
deutlich.” In the South African specimens it may be different: in 
some of them the groove is more distinct than in others. I should 
prefer to express it thus: the transverse groove exists, but may 
sometimes be only a little pronounced. Balzan says of the tibia 
of the palps: ‘“‘Superne et interne post petiolum, vix gibbosum.” 
Tullgren mentions no such thing, but this gibbosity is certainly 
present also in his specimens. Balzan’s figures of the galea show 
that he had before him both ¢ and ?, though he mentions nothing 
about the sexes; Tullgren had only @?. 

The male has, however, some characters which Tullgren has had 
no opportunity of seeing, not having had males for examination, nor 
has Balzan observed these characters. Besides the shape of the 
galea (observed by Balzan), which in the male is small and pointed, 
with no teeth (Balzan seems to have drawn it rather too robust), 
these characters are the following: the sexual region of well- 
developed specimens is of a dark reddish-brown colour, sufficiently 
_dark to be seen with the naked eye; femur and tibia of the palps 
are on the inner side provided with a row of bigger tubercles of 
which that next to the base of tibia is somewhat bigger than the 
others ; this tubercle represents the gibbosity mentioned by Balzan 
(see above), and is probably present in both sexes. The front 
margin of cephalothorax in the male has, besides the central 
sinuation, another smaller sinuosity on each side of this, the front 
margin thus becoming quadridentate (in the ? there is only a 
central sinuation, as Tullgren rightly observes). The hand of the 
palps is a little more slender than that of the female. 

To the common description of the species (gf and ?) may be 
added: The coxa of the palps is, as Tullgren observes, truncate 
in front; the front margin is even a little concave, the inner corner 
with a small point, the outer one with a very long bristle (if not 


114 Annals of the South African Museum. 


broken, as it sometimes is). Some specimens are larger than stated 
by Balzan and Tullgren, the length attaining 2-9 to 3 mm. 

The specimens, 3 and ?, from Newlands (leg. L. Péringuey, 
see above) diverge somewhat from typical ones in having the hand 
somewhat more slender and more narrowing towards both ends, and 
the sexual region of the male not quite so dark-coloured, though the 
specimens appear to be adult. 


30. GARYPINUS CAPENSIS, NOV. sp. 


Four eyes, two on each side, nearly contiguous, the anterior one 
scarcely 1 diameter from the front margin. 

Colour.—Palps reddish brown, the fingers darker ; tergites, stern- 
ites, and cephalothorax brown, the sternites paler; the brown 
area of cephalothorax does not quite attain the hind margin, being 
limited behind by a transverse groove, strongly curved backwards ; 
the area lying behind this groove is very pale. The other parts of 
the animal pale greyish brown. 

Cephalothorax considerably longer than wide (about 4:3), the 
slightly convex lateral margins are somewhat convergent up to 
the eyes, in front of these a little contracted, the front margin 
slightly convex. Cucullus is very short. A transverse groove, 
strongly recurved, seems to limit the brown colour of cephalo- 
thorax. The surface smooth and glossy. The few hairs left are 
pointed. 

Abdomen very slender, as is the whole body. The tergites and 
sternites are broadly divided longitudinally, except the last one. 
The three anterior pairs of sclerites above are very short, and have 
the longitudinal division broadest. The surface smooth and glossy, 
with moderately long and pointed hairs. 

Palps considerably shorter than the bedy, with abdomen extended, 
smooth and glossy, with moderately long hairs which are thin and 
pointed. Trochanter with a short stalk, pernee formed, a little longer 
than wide, slightly convex in front, slightly concave behind. Femur 
with a distinct stalk, slender, three times as long as wide, nearly 
parallel-sided, slightly convex in front, behind nearly straight, only 
a little rounded at the base and the tip. Tibia with a distinct stalk, 
considerably shorter and a little broader than femur, somewhat 
convex and almost equally so on both sides, rounded at the tip. 
Hand with a stalk, and with a regularly rounded base, about 
14 times as wide as tibia, equally and slightly convex on both 
sides, passing gradually into the fingers. Fingers moderately 
robust, a little curved, and a little shorter than the hana. 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 115 


Mandibles very small. Galea of the male short and apparently 
simple, that of the female somewhat longer and with some minute 
teeth at the tip. 

Legs with simple hairs. Femur I. and II. have the basal part 
a little shorter than the tibial one and the articulation only slightly 
developed ; the first tarsal joint a little shorter than the second; the 
whole tarsus a little shorter than tibia. Femur III. and IV. are 
very broad, the tarsus considerably shorter than tibia. The claws 
simple. Arolium divided. 

Length 2°38 mm.; breadth of abdomen 0°57 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax: long. 0°57; lat. behind 0-40. 
Femur: long. 0°43; lat. 0°13. Tibia: long. (exel. of stalk) 0-29; 
lat. 0°16. Hand: long. 0°41; lat. 0°23. Fingers: long. 0°36 mm. 

Habitat.—The Rey. R. Godfrey, who collected this species, gives 
the following list of localities in the Cape Province :— 

Victoria East Div.: Woodstock, Alice, in nests on yellow-wood ; 
Lovedale, 3 specimens on gum-tree. King William’s Town Div.: 
Cwencwe, 2 females with larval mass in nests, 1 individual free; ~ 
Xukwane, 5 specimens on tree. I have examined 5 of these 
specimens. 

Note 1.—The species is nearly related to Garypinus patagonicus 
Ellingsen from Patagonia, but the latter is somewhat larger, more 
robust, and has the galea more branched and the hand proportionally 
more slender; otherwise there is but little difference. It is more 
easily distinguished from G. nobilis With from Asia which, for 
instance, has considerably more robust palps. 

Nore 2.—Mr. Godfrey gives in a letter the following particulars : 
“This species lives under the bark of trees and is of very active 
habits. The female makes a silk nest, of very loose texture, between 
flakes of bark; the nest is appressed to the bark, sometimes on one 
side only, sometimes on both sides. The nest is of silk only, without 
any covering of dust or specks of wood. I have found the females 
in nests in the months of August, November, and December.” 


31. Garypinus opscurus Tullgren. 

Cape Colony. Hanover (S. C. Cronwright Schreiner), 11 9,17 9, 
3 @ jun.; Calvinia (G. French), 6a A 

In the Rey. R. Godfrey’s collection :— 
- Herschel Div.: Bensonvale (W. J. A. Moir), 2 3. 

Nore.—Tullgren knew only the females of this species. I have 
examined several males which in all essentials resemble the females, 
but are of smaller size, and have somewhat more slender palps and 


116 Annals of the South African Museum. 


the galea very minute and simple, with no teeth. Tullgren says of 
the palps, that they are smooth and glossy; the surface of the palps, 
indeed, is not granulate, but is somewhat uneven, and in some 
places irregularities are met with which might be called a kind 
of granulation. One larval mass contained 12 animals. 


var. GRANULATUS noy. 

In the collection of the South African Museum are some speci- 
mens, 2 g and 4 9, with no indication of locality. I identify these 
with Garypinus obscurus, but as they differ from the typical form 
in some details, I have regarded them as a variety, distinguishable 
by the following characters: They are of somewhat larger size and 
more robustly built, the femur of the palp is a little granulate on the 
inner and the lower surface (but see my remarks above on the 
typical form), and the trochanter has the tubercle behind stronger 
and more pointed. 

I have later received this variety from Mr. John Hewitt, Director 
of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, 5 9, collected at Kimberley 
(J. H. Power). 


32. OLPIUM ARABICUM E. Simon. 

Transvaal Province. Zoutpansberg Div.: Kleinfontein Farm (R. 
Godfrey), 1 specimen, on rocky ground. 

The specimen sent to me by the Rey. R. Godfrey from the above 
locality differs in no essential particulars from the Olpiwm arabicum 
EK. Simon. I have compared it with specimens from the Guinea 
Coast and from Uganda. 

During the printing I received from Mr. Godfrey another 
specimen (¢ ) of this species from King William’s Town Div.: Debe 
Nek (leg. Miss Fanny Ross). 


33. OLPIUM NITENS Tullgren. 

Cape Province. Bredasdorp Div.: Marcus Bay (H. A. Fry), 1 ¢?. 
Cape Div.: Maitland Flats (W. F. Purcell), 1 9. Cape Peninsula: 
Cape Flats, at Zeekoe Vlei (W. F’. Purcell), 2 9 jun. 

Notre.—There is great probability of this species being the female 
of Olptum pusillum Ellingsen, founded on a male from Fishhoek, 
near Simonstown. 


34. OLPIUM SUBGRANDE Tullgren. 


Rhodesia: Baviaan’s Kopje, 3 miles East of Umtali (D. L. 
Patrick)esl) ge . 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. aL iy 


The specimen is of somewhat smaller size (3 2°6 mm. long) than 
Tullgren’s type (? 3:16 mm.); but the males of Olpium generally 
are smaller than the females. The species seems to be recognisable, 
among other things by having the femur of the palps somewhat 
curved. 

35. IDEOBISIUM GODFREYI nov. sp. 

No eyes. (Ideoblothrus.) 

Colour.—Both specimens examined are very pale, especially the 
body; the palps have somewhat more colour and are reddish. 

Cephalothorax about as long as wide, the lateral margins, which 
are nearly straight or slightly convex, are convergent forwards 
throughout the whole length, the front margin slightly convex, 
with no central tooth. The surface smooth and glossy. No hairs. 

Abdomen.—Tergites and sternites smooth and glossy. Some few 
hairs left are short and pointed. 

Palps very robust, about as long as the body, with abdomen con- 
tracted, smooth and glossy. The hairs of the inner side long and 
pointed, those of the outer side short and pointed. Trochanter with 
a very short stalk, about as long as wide, slightly convex in front, 
centrally a little gibbous behind. Femur with a very short stalk, 
robust, 24 times as long as wide, basally in front somewhat convex, 
distally distinctly concave, behind a little widened from the stalk, the 
outer side nearly straight, centrally a little concave; femur on the 
whole slightly tapering towards the extremity, thus widest near 
the base. Tibia with a short stalk, broadly oblong or subglobose, 
rather equally and strongly convex on both sides, behind, however, 
most so distally; tibia considerably shorter and a little wider than 
femur. Hand with a distinct stalk, and with the base nearly regular 
and somewhat truncate; the outer side nearly straight, except the 
convex passage into the fingers, distinctly convex in front, passing 
gradually into the fingers. Fingers very robust, slightly curved and 
somewhat shorter than the hand. 

Mandibles proportionally of small size. Galea small, pointed, 
straight, and simple. 

Legs with pointed hairs. The femora of the two posterior pairs of 
legs broad. Claws simple. 

Length.—One of the specimens with abdomen much contracted 
is about 1 mm. long, the other specimen a little longer; width of 
abdomen 0:4 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax: long. 0°34; lat. behind 0-33; 
in front (viz., the length of the front margin) 0-21. Mandibles: 
long. 0:14. Femur: long. 0°29; lat. at the base 0-11. Tibia: long. 


118 Annals of the South African Museum. 


(excl. of stalk) 0°20; lat. 0-14. Hand: long. 0:24; lat. 0-17. 
Fingers: long. 0:20 mm. 

Habitat.—Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Frankfort 
Hill (R. Godfrey), April, 1909, 2 specimens, under stones, 3,000 feet 
above the sea. 

Norr.—This species is closely related to Ideobisium (Ideoblothrus) 
bipectinatum Daday, from New Guinea. I have compared the 
South African form with a specimen from the Bismarck Archi- 
pelago, which I have identified with Daday’s species, and I should 
be inclined to take them to be varieties of the same species were it 
not that the localities are so far apart. But there are, nevertheless, 
some small differences : the New Guinea form has the galea curved, 
the front side of femur more convex in the basal part, and the outer 
side nearly straight, tibia still more subglobose, thus shorter in pro- 
portion to the width, the outer side of the hand not quite straight, 
but somewhat convex, and the fingers proportionally shorter. Both 
species are of small size. Ideobisiwm Godfrey is the first [deoblothrus 
known from Africa. 


36. IDEOBISIUM QUADRISPINOSUM Tullgren. 

Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: (R. M. Lightfoot), 1 g, 1 jun. ; 
Signal Hill (W. F. Purcell), 6 ¢, 6 2, 8 jun.; (R. M. Lightfoot), 
1 g; (S. C. Cronwright Schreiner), 1 9; Wynberg Hill (F. Tre- 
leaven), 1 g¢; Table Mountain at Kasteel’s Poort (W. F. Purcell), 
1 ?; Newlands (L. Péringuey), 7 3,2 2? (on these specimens see 
special remark below). Caledon (W. F. Purcell) 1 @?. 

In the Rev. R. Godfrey’s collection there are 2 3,4 2, 3 Jun. 
from King William’s Town Diy.: Pirie Forest and mountains. 

During the printing I received from Mr. Godfrey one specimen 
from Griqualand East : Isolo (Miss Fanny Ross), June, 1912. 

Mr. Godfrey remarks in a letter: ‘‘ A ground species living under 
stones, in the forest and also on the open hillsides, up to 3,000 feet. 
It is not at all abundant.” 

Nore. 


I have referred all specimens mentioned above to 
Tullgren’s species, in spite of some differences from his description. 

Tullgren’s specimen was certainly very young and of small size; 
the former fact is apparent from the very pale colour; there are 
among the specimens enumerated above some that are pale and 
young and then of about the same size as Tullgren’s animal. But 
if my identification is correct, the adult species is of a considerably 
syeater size. The largest specimens came from Newlands (L. 
Péringuey leg.), and among these are two females which attain 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 119 


the considerable length of 5°56 mm. (Tullgren’s was only 1°74 mm. 
long), but then the abdomen is extended to the greatest possible 
extent, and Tullgren’s example may have had the abdomen 
much contracted, which, among the Pseudoscorpions, is of great 
consequence as concerns the length; the males from the same 
locality were of considerably smaller size. The specimens from the 
other localities were all smaller, but, with few exceptions, seemed to 
be younger and not quite mature, although the sexual area of the 
males appeared quite developed. As regards the galea, I shall make 
the following remarks: It is only in some younger specimens that 
the galea seems to be in some measure such as described and 
figured by Tullgren. Moreover, the galea may vary exceedingly. 
In the smaller (and younger) specimens the galea is divided into 
branches, but the division does not always extend to the base; this 
may be different even in the same animal. But in the larger and 
the largest specimens the form of the galea becomes more intricate, 
the chief branches being often quite considerably rebranched and 
provided with teeth, and such is especially the case with the large 
specimens from Newlands. As, however, all other characters in all 
essential particulars agree well, I have looked on this variation in 
size and in the form of the galea only as differences derived from 
the different stages of age, and have not even tried to make any 
varieties. On the whole it may thus be said that the younger and 
smaller the specimens are, the more simple is the galea and the 
nearer is the approach to Tullgren’s type. Finally, it may be 
remarked that there is no essential difference between the galea 
of the male and of the female. 

The palps of the male are somewhat more slender than those of 
the female, the hand, especially, of the female 1s more robust than 
that of the male, particularly in large specimens; the same is the 
case with the tibia. 

A remarkable character which Tullgren overlooks, or at least does 
not mention, is worthy of notice: The inner margin of the fingers of 
the palps, that of the fixed finger as well as that of the movable one, 
is provided with a membranaceous, somewhat transparent, longitu- 
dinal, rather high, raised ridge or rim, on which the teeth are placed ; 
this membrane is especially developed in the distal half of each 
finger; such a transparent membrane has not as yet been observed 
in any species of Pseudoscorpions, or at least not mentioned in the 
literature, to my knowledge, except in Chthonius mordax Tullgren, 
and in that species the ridge is not quite membranaceous, properly 
speaking, and not transparent. 


120 Annals of the South African Museum. 


37. CHTHONIUS CLATHRATUS Tullgren. 


Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: Table Mountain, near Platteklip 
CW. “Purcell elses. 

I have referred this specimen, not quite adult, to the above species ; 
it has the same kind of dentition on the fingers of the palps as 
Chthonius sinuatus (see this species below). Tullgren says nothing 
about the shape of the fingers; in my specimen these are nearly 
straight, by which the species is easily distinguished from Chthonius 
sinuatus. Tullgren’s description on the whole agrees very well. 
The posterior eyes are very little developed, but this happens often 
in Chthonius. 


38. CHTHONIUS conTRACTUS Tullgren. 


Cape Province. Oudtshoorn Div.: Cango Caves (W. F. Purcell), 
1 specimen immature, destitute of eyes. 

King William’s Town Div.: Pirie (R. Godfrey), 1g, 19, 1 jun. 

Norr.—The male has its palps somewhat more slender than those 
of the female. The teeth of the fingers, similarly shaped on both, 
are small, triangular, pointed, and situated considerably apart from 
each other. 

The specimen found in the dark caverns at Cango is destitute of 
eyes, but belongs certainly to this species. 


39. CHTHONIUS GODFREYI Noy. sp. 


Four moderately large eyes, two on each side, about 1 diameter 
apart from one another, the anterior one about 2 diameters from the 
front margin. 

Colour.—Cephalothorax, mandibles and palps pale reddish brown, 
the tergites reddish olive, the other parts palish brown. 

Cephalothorax about as long as wide in front, strongly narrowing 
backwards, the lateral margins —— curved, only very little con- 
tracted in front of the eyes; the front margin slightly convex, a little 
sinuated in the middle, and there provided with a more or less 
rounded projection, which, together with the adjoining part of 
the front margin on both sides, is slightly dentate ; on each side of 
the projection a long and robust bristle. The surface minutely 
shagreened and glossy. Hairs lacking. 

Abdomen.—The tergites and sternites glossy and very minutely 
shagreened transversally. Hairs lacking. 

Palps a little longer than the body, glossy and somewhat sha- 
greened, a little more strongly so than the body; the hairs very few 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 121 


and scattered, pointed, those of the inner side long and strong, those 
of the outer side very short and more slender. Trochanter with a 
short stalk, and very short, of the shape usual in Chthonius, slightly 
convex in front, a little concave behind. Femur long and slender, 5 
times as long as wide, nearly parallel-sided, except in the distal third 
which is somewhat widened on both sides, thus on the whole some- 
what club-shaped ; the inner side at the stalk as usual with a sinuation. 
Tibia very short and of the usual shape. Hand scarcely pedicellate, 
very short and broad, with the base obliquely rounded, the outer side 
slightly convex, the inner side somewhat more strongly so, slantingly 
passing into the fingers. Fingers very slender, seen from above 
nearly straight, a little more than twice as long as the hand; seen 
laterally the fingers are strongly curved, the movable finger regularly 
curved throughout its whole length, most strongly so at the tip; the 
fixed finger is doubly curved like ~m-; the fixed finger distinctly 
longer than the movable one; the fixed finger has long, narrow, 
pointed teeth with great interstices, centrally the teeth are longest 
and have the largest interstices, basally and apically the teeth are 
lower and placed more closely. The movable finger is practically 
destitute of teeth; the margin is, however, not quite entire, but has 
some very low traces of teeth. 

Mandibles large and robust, shagreened ; the fixed finger provided 
with 5 to 6 teeth, the central ones the largest, decreasing in size 
backwards; the movable finger with 8 to 9 very small teeth in the 
distal half. On the outer side of the movable finger there is generally 
the usual projection. 

Legs.—The two posterior pairs of legs very robust, particularly the 
femora. Claws simple. 

Length 2°3 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax: long. 0°64; lat. in front 0°57; 
lat. behind 0:43. Mandibles: long. 0°53. Femur: long. 0:93; lat. 
at the tip 0-18. Tibia: long. 0-28; lat. at the tip 0-18. Hand: 
long. 0°43; lat. 0-28. Fingers, the fixed one: long. 0°93 mm. 

Habitat.—Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie 
(R. Godfrey), 6 ¢,3 2,1 jun. 

Nore.—This species is related to Chthonius contractus Tullgren, 
with, for instance, the same shape of cephalothorax, but differs from 
it in several characters: The fingers of the palps, which are curved 
and not of equal length; the movable finger nearly completely lack- 
ing teeth (Tullgren, as to Chthonius contractus, in this respect refers 
to Chthonius terribilis With, which has distinct teeth on both fingers), 
more precipitous passage from the hand to the fingers; finally, the 


122 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


fingers are more than twice as long as the hand (in Chthonius 
contractus as 31:18). 


40. CHTHONIUS MORDAX Tullgren. 


Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: Table Mountain, near Platteklip 
(W. FE. Pureell), 16 495 11 9) jun. and (RB. M. Wightioot),.2°o,.6"25 
above Klaasenbosch (\W. F. Purcell), 1 9; Table Mountain with no 
nearer locality (R. M. Lightfoot), 29; Signal Hill (W. F. Pureell), 
16 g, 1389; Kalk Bay (R. M. Lightfoot), 4g, 3 9; Camp’s Bay 
(W. F. Purcell), 103,89; Cape Peninsula, no nearer locality (R. M. 
Lightfoot), 3 ?. 

The Rey. R. Godfrey’s collections contained 12 ¢, 11 9,3 jun. 
Mr. Godfrey has collected this species in the following localities: 
Cape Peninsula: Foot of Table Mountain, 4g. King William’s Town 
Div.: Pirie, ‘“‘ very abundant.”’ 

“This species makes no nest for any purpose whatsoever as far as 
I have seen. The female carries her larval mass about with her, 
leading a free life. The usual number of larve is seven, though it 
may be as low as four. I have found the female carrying her larval 
mass in April, August, September, October, and December” (R. 
Godfrey in litt.). 

Norr.—This species seems to be very abundant, and is likely to be 
distributed throughout the whole of Cape Province ; it is particularly 
very abundant in the Cape Peninsula. It is easily recognised, having 
some very distinguishing characters. Among these are:. The shape 
of the palps, something similar to the palps of Chthonius tetrachelatus 
Preyssler, having the upper side of the hand distally depressed (or 
rather curved), but not so much and not so abruptly as is the case 
in the latter species ; no confounding is, therefore, possible. Tullgren 
gives us a good figure of the palps. Further may be added: The 
projection at the base of the movable finger, although this projection 
may be of different size and, therefore, sometimes rather little pro- 
minent; and finally, the undulating lamella of the movable finger, 
very characteristic; but this lamella in younger specimens and in 
such as have recently east their skin, is often rather little developed, 
and then the margin of the finger is nearly entire; the few, generally 
4, teeth near the tip are, on the contrary, always present. 

The length of the fingers in proportion to the hand may vary ; 
generally they are a little longer than the hand, but are often of 
about the same length. 

The articulation between the two parts of femur of the two 
posterior pairs of legs, especially of the last pair, is well developed. 


The Pseudoscorprons of South Africa. 123 


The colour of the specimens from the Cape Peninsula is generally 
somewhat paler than of those from the interior. 

The number of eggs or larvee seems to vary between 4 and 9; they 
generally lie in a circle with one or two in the middle. The time of 
reproduction seems to be nearly the whole year; specimens with 


larval mass have been noted in all months, except January, March, 
and November. 


{1. CHTHONIUS SERRATIDENTATUS Nov. sp. 


Four small eyes, two on each side, about 4 diameter from each 
other, the anterior one about 1 diameter from the front margin. 

Colour.—Palps and mandibles pale reddish, cephalothorax, tergites, 
and sternites pale brownish. 

Cephalothorax distinctly shorter than wide in front (5: 6), strongly 
narrowing backwards, the lateral margins —— curved, scarcely 
contracted in front of the eyes; the front margin very little convex, 
not sinuated centrally, but provided in the middle with a rather large, 
triangular, pointed projection, which is minutely dentate; there has, 
in all probability, originally been a bristle on each side, but this has 
been lost; in one specimen its position is still to be seen. The 
surface minutely shagreened and glossy. Hairs not present. 

“Abdomen.—Tergites and sternites slightly shagreened and glossy. 
Hairs not present. 

Palps about as long as the body, rather robust, glossy and sha- 
greened, on the inner side with long and thick bristle-like hairs, on 
the outer side hairs are lacking in two specimens, in the third some 
few short ones are left. Trochanter very short and with a very short 
stalk, of usual shape, the inner side slightly convex, the outer one 
concave. Femur with a short and indistinct stalk, rather short and 
robust, four times as long as wide in the distal third, somewhat 
club-shaped, gradually increasing in width distally, especially in the 
distal half, the inner and outer contour thus being slightly concave. 
Tibia very short, strongly curved, and shaped as usual. Hand with 
a short stalk; short, with the base obliquely rounded, rather broad, 
on both sides slightly and equally convex, rather abruptly passing 
into the fingers; worthy of attention is a strong bristle seated on a 
little wart on the inner side, near the tip of the hand. Fingers very 
much longer than the hand (about 12:7), very slender, seen from 
above slightly curved, about of equal length; laterally seen the 
fingers are nearly straight, only a little curved towards each other 
at the tip; the inner margin of both fingers is provided with teeth 
of about equal shape ; these teeth are triangular and pointed, adherent 

10 


124 Amnals of the South African Museum. 


at their base; most of the teeth, particularly those of the fixed finger, 
are provided with one or two smaller teeth, especially on the proximal 
side of each tooth; the movable finger has such dentate teeth only 
in the distal third, basally the teeth become lower, truncate and 
simple. 

Mandibles large and robust, shagreened ; the fixed finger with 4 to 
5 large teeth in the central part and some very small ones basally ; 
the movable finger has several small teeth. The projection of the 
outer side of the movable finger only slightly developed. 

Legs with very strong, bristle-like hairs. The two posterior pairs 
robust with rather broad femora. Claws simple. 

Length 2:06 mm. 

Measurements.—Cephalothorax : long. 0°57; lat. in front 0°67; 
lat. behind 0°49. Mandibles: long. 0°57. Femur: long. 0°76; lat. 
0:19. Tibia: long. 0-21; lat. 0-17. Hand: long. 0°40; lat. 0-28. 
Fingers: long. 0°67 mm. 

Habitat.—Cape Province. King William’s Town Div.: Pirie 
(R. Godfrey), 3 ?. 

Notrr.—This species is especially marked out by the teeth of the 
fingers, which are exceedingly characteristic, being somewhat like 
the teeth of a shark; though each tooth has only one or two 
secondary teeth, the whole series calls to mind the row of teeth of 
a shark. 


In South Africa there are 3 species of Chthonius with cephalo- 
thorax, narrowing very much backwards: Chthonius contractus 
Tullgren and the two new species deseribed here: Chthonius 
Godfreyi and Chthonius serratidentatus. These three species are, 
however, easily distinguishable by the dentition of the palpal fingers, 
Ch. contractus having both fingers provided with slender, pointed, 
and remotely placed teeth; Ch. Godfrey: one finger with similar 
teeth, but the other nearly destitute of such ones; and finally Ch. 
serratidentatus with the characteristic teeth just mentioned. 


42. CHTHONIUS sINuATUS Tullgren. 


Cape Province. Cape Peninsula: Retreat (W. F. Purcell), 1 ¢. 

I have compared this single specimen with one from San Thomé 
(Guinea Coast), which I have identified with Tullgren’s species. 
The South African animal has the hand of the palps somewhat more 
robust, but in both cases the hand is convex on both sides, and 
in both cases the inner margin of the fingers is provided with small, 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 125 


closely placed teeth. The fingers of both specimens are distinctly 
curved. I suppose that both examples belong to one and the same 
species, that mentioned above. 


Synoptic Key 
to the South African species of Chthonius, based chiefly on the 
dentition of the palpal fingers. 


INOMCCIDVI cs) cs 5 ns | en eee r-CCen ome amatalensis: 
Teeth present .. .. sce At 

1. Movable finger with dmdelatory lamella ss os we ee Chamonrdac, 
Movable finger with no undulatory lamella eS ado We 

2. The teeth aredentated .. .. .. .. .. «.. «. «+ Gh. serratidentatus. 
The teeth not dentated .. .. .. 3. 

3. Movable finger with no teeth, fixed fineer with ate 
teeth, and large interstices .. .. .. .. «.. «- «- Ch. Godfreyi. 
Both fingers with teeth .. ... re ee 2 

4. Teeth of same kind on both Gass S, (rianeulatl pointed, 
with large interstices. Rte oe an el ete annem CU MCOMENCCLUSS 
Teeth very small, elosely place i BOM at: foo aa “ib 

5. Fingers nearly straight .. .. .. .. .. «. «. «. Ch. clathratus: 
Fingers distinctly curved... <2 <. «. «2 «2 o. o. (Cisinuanis. 


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We 


The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa. 127 


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vol. 15. 

Chelonethi. An account of the Indian 
false-scorpions, etc. The Danish exped. 
to Siam, 1899-1900.—Kgl. Danske Vid. 
Selsk: Skrs 7. RR. Bde a: 

On some new species of Cheliferidze, Hans., 
and Garypide, Hans., in the British 
Museum.—Journ. Linn. Soe. London, 
vol. 30. 

Remarks on the Chelonethi.—Vidensk. 
Medd. naturh, Forening Kjobenhayn, 


( 128 ) 


INDEX. 
A PAGE M 
africanus (Myrmochernes) .............+++++ 76, 85 minusculoides (Chelifer) 
angulatus (Chelifer) ...............seeescee 76, 78, 83 minusculus (Chelifer) ...... 
angustatus (Chelifer) .............+:0+ 76, 78, 83 | minutus (Garypus)................. 53 
arabicum (Olpium) 76, 87, 116 mirabilis (Feaella) .........----.-----ee-ceeesees 
armas) (CHEMO) s-.2..--2.20-r-2e--s ances mordax (Chthonivs) pesscse--c-c0ss- +5 
IAT MINTU Sp eeaeeceene clas catecnescooncscescnecncanentancens 75 | mucronata (Feaella) ...................-- 
mucronabus (Chelifer)............... 
museorum (Cheridium) 
Bayoni (Chelifer) NiyRMOOCHERNEIS) ac.ccccessescse-cosnseeceeesseses 76, 8 
boncicus (Chelifer) 
Braunsi (Chelifer) ...........:s00sseseeeee N 
Biittneri (Chelifer) natalensis (Chthonius) ...........:s:sse 77, 89 
ig Mises. (Olpiun) | eo cesecere-ssasserense=ss 76, 88, 116 
camerunensis (Chelifer)................+. 76, 78, 81 2 O 
cancroides (Chelifer) .............- 76, 78, 83,92 | Obscurus (Garypinus) 
capensis (Garypinus) ............--:0++e++- 76, 114 | octentoctus (Chelifer) .. 
Capensis (GALYPUB) ...........cceeeeeeeeeee eee 76,105 | OLPIUM........... Seca noon = 
CHEIRIDIUMIA-S nese tee 76, 86,104 | O’Swaldi (Chelifer) ...........---.--0+ 
CHB TLE Risessseetecesseeccsrccteccsarsencsscccrs 
GCHinoNtuseeee ee 1e 
cimicoides (Chelifer) «...............-++ 5 Palmquisti (Chelifer) .................--+- 75, 77, 80 
clathratus (Chthonius) paradoxus (Chelifer) ............-2.-:++++ 76, 78, 98 
cocophilus (Chelifer) .. perpusillus (Chelifer) ..............-+0++ 76, 78, 82 
comorensis (Chelifer) .. Usted Olpiara)meseeerees-cosce se eee 76, 88 
concinnus (Chelifer) ..............- pusillus (Chelifer) ..............++ 75, TT, 80 
cones Wana. ea ae ae PSEUDOCHIRIDIUM ...........:ssesseseseseneets 76, 86 
contractus ONIUS) se aeseseoneeases , 89, 12 ; 3 
Gorticumil(@Heiridiaii) sssessssesere-oeessese-sere 86 LER ON CS E pe a Tea 
7 Q 
decectivol Olpitin) ae eee eee 76, 88 quadrispinosum (Ideobisium) ...... 76, 88, 118 
R 
E rotundus (Chelifer) .........++ vecsseeeeTB, TT, 82 
equester (Chelifer)..................+6 7b, 17, 79,90 Tubiaus (Chelifer) <2. .cc-.---sceessss-eeose 76, 77, 82 
equestroides (Chelifer) .............2..-- 75, 17, 19 
exiguus (Chelifer) ..................++ 76, 78, 83, 92 i) 
Schultzei (Olpium) .............02.eeceeeeeeeeees 76, 88 
F sculpturatus (Chelifer) re 76, 78, 84, 99 
facetus|(Chelifer)) j-ccsssesssessserce 76, 78, 83, 92 | Segregatus (Chelifer) ...........-...76, 73, 84, 100 
MeaenChelifer)eceseeee ees 15, 77, 79,90 | senegalensis (Garypus) ............ 75, 76, 87, 112 
IRV A TET Ty Au seston censececereesnccesccenscnes 76, 86, 104 serratidentatus (Chthonius)..............- 17, 123 
forax( CHEltca)h eas mee 76, 77,81 | Simoni (Chelifer) «2.0... 75, 76, 78, 84, 100 
ferum (Cheiridium) .................-.-- 76, 86, 104 | Sinuatus (Chthonius) 
formosanum (Cheiridium).................0.++ g6 | SjOstedti (Chelifer) ......-..--:.:-e-- 
socotrensis (Chelifer) 
G Strandi (Chelifer)......... 
: subfoliosus (Chelifer) . 
GARYPINUS......... sesccesseceeeescecsesscecens 76, 87, 114 subgrande (Olpium) 
garypoides (Chelifer) ............... 76, 78, 83, 92 | subindicus (Chelifer) 
GARYPUS ......cccce-cecceeceeceseeseeseneenees 75, 86, 105 subruber (Chelifer) .....-.....csceeeeee0e02 , 78, 
glabratus (Chelifer) ...........:.:.::000 76, 78, 82 | subtropicum (Cheiridium)... ........ 76, 86, 104 
Godfreyi (Chthonius) ...............00.--++- 77, 120 
Godizeyt Garo bise) Bae oslili7 T 
granulatus (Garypinus var.) ...... .--.-+++++: 116 : ; 
in i for) 2k ee tenuimanus (Chelifer) ..............- 75, 76, 78, 85 
Beet E eee ae aie 1,77, 79 | termitophilus (Chelifer)...-se-. «= 76, 78, 85 
I bommache ele (Chthouiue) niesuescdstuateces Ws pe 
tetrophthalmum (Cheiridium) ............ 
IDEOBISIUM..... seseetseseessetssesereneneeees 76, 88, 117 togoensis (Chelifer) .........-+.:see1-+-- 76, 77, 81 
impressus (GAYYPUS) ...........-.eceeee ee 76, 86, 107 torulosus (Chelifer) 
indivisus (Chelifer)) ..:.2..scssccecssereeees 75, T1, 79 eae Osu (C eu ae. 
insubidus (Chelifer) ..............0+- 75, 77, 79, 91 | meneSraha (Pee GSAT) bess 
insularis (GaYyDPUS) ...............cceeceeeeeceees 76, 87 rigardhy (Pseugocnrs iMPREA) cate ee p 
: triangularis (GarypUS VAY.) ....--.-..+.+++++ 110 
K tumuliferus (Chelifer) ............ 76, 78, 85, 100 
Kewii( Ghelifen)issscce-scecesereseereees= 76, 78, 83, 93 Vi 
vermis (Olpium) .........:eecceeseeeeseeeeeeeeees 76, 88 
L Voeltzkowi (Chelifer) ................0+++. 75, 17, 81 
lamellatus (Chelifer) ................se008 76, 78, 81 3 
THAMPROOHHRNE St-cecccsrsss+--<ccssassasceencconss 76 W 
Letourneuxi (Chelifer) .................. 75, T7, 80 Walliskewi (Chelifer)................++++ 76, 78, 101 


Ny 


ae 


y 
! 


at 


(129 ) 


7.—The Sympoda (Part VI. of S.A. Crustacea, for the Marine 
Investigations in South Africa)*.—By the Rev. THomas R. R. 
Stespine, M.A., F.RS., F.LS., F.Z.S., Fellow of King’s 
College, London, Hon. Member of New Zealand Inst., Hon. 
Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. 


THE Sympoda are a group in many ways remarkable. Its bound- 
aries are at present as sharply defined as any systematist could 
possibly wish. All known Crustaceans are either clearly Sympoda 
or clearly not Sympoda. None hover doubtfully on the outskirts of 
this society. On the other hand, within its limits the relations are 
highly perplexing. There is so much interlacing of characters, 
together with so many fine gradations, that any settled standard of 
classification is difficult to adopt, or if adopted to uphold against 
reasonable objections. For distinguishing families practical con- 
venience solicits a choice of external and easily observable features. 
The widely separated eyes of Nannastacus offered such a character, 
till the kindred Cumella was found with a single eye. The presence 
or absence of a distinct telson sets one group of families in a marked 
manner apart from another group. Yet between the greatly elongated 
segment in Makrokylindrus and the disappearance of the segment in 
Bodotria there are not a few intermediaries, so that a comparatively 
short and narrow telson in Leptostylis leads on through a short and 
blunt one in Petalosarsia to forms in which the telsonic segment is 
produced between the uropods, though the produced part is not 
articulated, and in Hudorellopsis biplicatus, Calman, this unarticu- 
lated portion is marked off “by a very distinct transverse groove.” 
In some of the appendages the third or ‘“‘ischial’’ joint is apt to 
disappear. Accordingly its presence or absence seemed likely to be 
available for classificatory purposes. But this proved disappointing, 
because, though the joint is often quite definitely present, and some- 


* Parts I.-III. have been published in the ‘‘ Marine Investigations in South 
Africa”’?; Parts IV. and V. in Vol. VI. of the ‘‘ Annals of the South African 
Museum,” In Part V., pp. 409-418 treat of the Sympoda (olim Cwmacea), 

IL 


130 Annals of the South African Museum. 


times quite definitely missing, there are other cases when the ring 
is incomplete or when coalescence with the preceding joint can only 
be inferred from a line of suture. The endopod or inner ramus of 
the uropods may be a single piece or it may be divided into two 
or three joints of varying relative lengths. The resulting differences 
are rather easy to observe, and have been, in fact, of much service 
in classification. But even here perplexities occasionally arise. 
Among the species of Sympoda earliest described are Bodotria 
scorpioides (Montagu) and Bodotria arenosus, Goodsir. These are 
so much alike that their generic separation is hardly to be thought 
of. Nevertheless the uropod of the former has a_ two-jointed 
endopod, while that of the latter is provokingly undivided. 

When the question arises of arranging the families in a natural 
order, one would probably think precedence appropriate to those 
which retain the most primitive characters. Among these would be 
the most complete segmentation of the body and the fullest equip- 
ment of the segments with their several pairs of appendages. On 
the first account the families with a distinct telson should stand 
before those without one. But when the second point is also con- 
sidered, we find the full complement of five pairs of pleopods 
combined with entire want of a distinct telson, or in one case with 
a telson of the smallest type. All other families with the telson 
distinct have a diminished number of pleopods, varying from three 
pairs to none. These differences refer only to the male sex, because, 
so far as at present known, all the females with singular unanimity 
dispense with pleopods altogether. In some families, however, the 
males are in this respect like the females. 

The provision of exopods or swimming branches on the pereeopods 
in the two sexes has its uses for systematic arrangement. But while 
in the majority of families the adult males have these branches well 
developed on the first four pair of perzeopods, the females are never 
so well provided, having at most exopods well developed on the first 
three pairs and a rudiment on the fourth. In both sexes the 
exopods may be limited to the first pair of pereopods. For full 
advantage to be taken of these much-varying characteristics it is 
obviously important that both sexes should be observed. But, owing 
probably to the respective habits of these, it not unfrequently happens 
that new species have to be, or at any rate are, founded on specimens 
of a single sex, so that the characters of the other sex have to be 
guessed at or left out of count. 

These are a few of the difficulties which confront the systematist 
in points the most readily available for his purpose. There are 


The Sympoda. 131 


plenty more in those other details of the organism which cannot 
well be studied without dissection and microscopic examination. 
The mandibles may have the trunk pointed at the base or very 
blunt, the molar stout or slender, spines of the spine-row numerous 
or very few; the palp of the first maxilla may end in two filaments 
or only one, or the palp may be missing altogether ; important 
variations in the terminal joints of the first maxillipeds are indeed 
more or less easily discernible, but this is not the case with the 
branchial apparatus which is out of view in complete specimens, but 
which has important differences to offer in the number and disposi- 
tion of the branchial leaflets. Even the comparative uniformity of 
the intestine cannot be depended on, since Cyclaspoides sarsi, 
Bonnier, and Platycuma holti, Calman (Fisheries, Ireland, 1904, I. 
[1905], p. 30, pl. 3, figs. 39-56), agree with many of the Cladocera 
in having a coiled instead of a straight alimentary canal. 

It is reasonable to suppose that the Malacostracan type of body 
was gradually produced in far-distant ages, but the pattern is now 
so wonderfully persistent and traceable under all sorts of disguises, 
that missing parts are almost certainly due to losses, not to inherit- 
ance of ancestral defect. Hence, as above suggested, we may be 
allowed to assume that the organism with the largest number of 
distinct parts comes nearest to the original pattern. On _ this 
principle the family Vaunthompsoniidz will stand first, having in 
the male five pairs of pleopods together with exopods on the first 
four pairs of perzeopods, and in the female exopods on the first three 
of those pairs. The Sympodommatide agree as to pleopods, but 
have exopods only on the first three pairs of perzeopods in the male 
as well as in the female. The Bodotriide with the same number of 
pleopods have well-developed exopods only on the first perseopods in 
each sex. The only other family with five pairs of pleopods is the 
Ceratocumatide, which might claim precedence over the families 
already named in respect of its distinct telson, which they are with- 
out, but it is inferior to the Vaunthompsonide by having exopods 
in the male on the first two only instead of the first four pairs of 
peropods, and in its only known species it has lost the fifth 
pereeopods altogether. 

The present essay proposes the adoption of fourteen new species, 
nine new genera, and a new name for a genus already known, but 
a more important innovation affects the framework of the group at 
large. In view of a forthcoming monograph, which avowedly aims, 
not at introducing novelties, but simply at recording the actual state 
of science, it has seemed desirable here to name a great number of 


132 Annals of the South African Museum. 
5 4 3 0 very small 2 
5 3 3 0 very small 2 
5 lorl+2r lorl+2r 0 very small 1 or 2 
5 2 ? small 0 very small 2 
3 4 3B+r 0 very small 3 
3 4 2+ 2r large 3 or more well developed 4 
3 4 2+ 2r large 3 well developed 5 
3 4 1 large 3 well developed 4 
2 4 2or2+2r |) large 2 well developed 4 
2 4 2+ 2r small 0 very small 3 or 4 
2 4 2+ 2r large 0 small 4 
? ? 2 -+ 2r large 3 very small 24 
2 4 2 large 2 small 24 
2 4 2 large 2 small 5 
2 4 2 large 2 | rather small ? 
2orl+r 4 2+ 27 small 0 very small 1 or 2 
2 4 3 0 very small 1, 2, or 3 
1 4 3 0 small 3 
0 t 3 0 small ? 
0 4 2+ 27 large 3 or more well developed 4 or 5 
) 4 x large 0 very small ? 
0 4or2 2 large 0 or 27 very small 3 or 4 
0 4 2 or O 0 very small 1, 2, or 23 
0 4 2 0 very small ? 
0 4 2 0 very small 1 
0 2 2 0 small 3 


In the table above r stands for rudimentary. In most families the mandibles are tapering at the 
base and have a blunt molar, the second maxille are apically divided, the first maxilli- 
peds are more than 4-jointed, and in the second maxillipeds the inner margin of the apical 
joint is not strongly dentate. 


The Sympoda, 133 
Maxilla 1, ; Maxilliped Uropod, 
Mandibles. Tenis Maxilla 2. mer Aine yee : 
of Palp. Joint. Ramus. 
2 | 2 Vaunthompsoniide 
2 2 Sympodommatidee 
1 or 2 Vor 2 Bodotriide 
2 i Ceratocumatide 
é 2 2 Leptocumatide * 
2 | 3 Hemilampropide 
no palp 3 Paralampropide 
no palp 3 Platysympodidee 
2 3 Diastylidee 
2 2 or 3 Colurostylidz 
2 3 Oxyurostylidee 
aie @ ? Pseudodiastylidee 
| ; broad at base 2 3 Diastyloididee 
50 2 2 Ekdiasty lide 
= 2 1 Holostylide 
2 1 | Pseudocumatide + 
broad at base 1 2 Leuconide 
broad at base 1 2 Paraleuconide 
- broad at base 9 2 | Hemileuconide 
1 or 2 3 | Lampropidee 
2 3 | Dicidee 
2 2orl Gynodiastylide 
lor 2 il Nannastacidee 
molar narrow 2 pone ! 1 Procampylaspidee 
molar stiliform lor2 | undivided | 4-jointed i Campylaspidee 
broad at base 1 1 Heteroleuconide 


* A new family for the genus Leptocwna, Sars, 1873, with the species L. kinbergii, Sars, 


1873, and L. minor, Calmar, 1912. 
+ Name modified from Pseudocumide, instituted by Sars to receive his genus Pseudocuma, 


1865, and allied genera. 


134 Annals of the South African Museum. 


families among which all the genera of the group will in that mono- 
graph be distributed. The accompanying tabulation of several 
characters will give the student an opportunity of understanding at 
a glance and criticising at his leisure the proposed arrangement. 
There are several obvious weaknesses. Besides those which depend 
on unavoidable want of information, there are those due to alternative 
characters, to reliance on features of little significance, and to the 
use of indefinite terms such as large and small. In defence it may 
be pleaded that the case is essentially one in which convenience 
should be studied and compromise accepted, since Nature makes a 
mock of our pragmatical divisions and is continually supplying the 
links which the evolutionist desires and the systematist abhors. 

The naturalist who happens to be a grammarian, or the grammarian 
who happens to be a naturalist, will find among the names of 
Sympoda, as among the names in almost any other branch of 
zoology, a plentiful supply of false concords. This arises from the 
tiresome and ridiculous idea that the termination of a generic name 
can make a species masculine, feminine, or neuter. How Nature 
must laugh! As though because of the Latin words Aquila and 
Vultur an eagle must be a hen and a vulture a cock! Since some 
one must make a beginning, if so inconvenient and unnatural a rule 
is to be discountenanced and discarded, I here brave reproof and 
reproach by making all the species of Sympoda of one and the same 
gender, and that the masculine. In due time, if editors are graciously 
pleased to allow it, the virtue of simplicity will be recognised and 
common sense will win a victory over a vexatious custom.” 


Famiry VAUNTHOMPSONIIDA. 


1879. Vaunthompsonude, G. O. Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., 
vol. iv., p. 63. 


In this family, though there is no distinct telson, the telsonic 
segment is notably produced between the peduncles of the uropods, 
this being especially the case in the genus Gaussicuma, Zimmer, 1907. 
In that genus the pseudorostral lobes do not meet in front of the 
eyelobe, thus distinguishing it from Bathycuma, Hansen, 1895, in 
which they do meet. Both these genera agree in having the second 
joint of the third maxilliped strongly produced at the outer distal 


* See ‘* Knowledge,” vol. xxxiii., pp. 259 and 470, 1910, for a fuller discussion 
of this subject. 


The Synpoda. 135 


angle—a feature not possessed by the typical genus Vaunthompsonia, 
Bate, 1858. 


Grex. BATHYCUMA, Hansen. 


1895. Bathycuma, H. J. Hansen, Ergebn. Plankton-Exp., vol. i.., 
GeGrapo0: 

1905. B., Calman, Fisheries, Ireland, for 1904, I., p. 17. 

1905. 6., Calman, Siboga-Exp., vol. xxxvi., p. 9. 

1908. B., Zimmer, Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exp., vol. viii., p. 164-166. 

1912. B., Calman, Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. xli., p. 614. 


General form elongate. Pseudorostral lobes meeting in the front. 
First pedigerous segment short, but well exposed. Telsonic segment 
produced between the bases of the uropods. Eye wanting. Man- 
dible with long spine-row and strong molar. First maxille with 
bisetose palp. First maxillipeds comparatively broad, the epipod 
furnished with several branchial leaflets. Third maxillipeds with 
second joint distally produced, the fourth little expanded. First 
four perzeopods in male, only the first three in female, carrying 
exopods. All five pairs of pleopods in male well developed. 

To this genus Dr. Calman in 1905 transferred Leucon brevirostris, 
Norman, 1879, and also in 1905 described a new species, Bathycuma 
longirostris, to which he added Bathycuma longicaudatus in 1912, 
ealling it “ Bathycuma (?) longicaudata.” 


BaTHYCUMA NATALENSIS, N. sp. 
Plate XLIX. 


All the five species assigned to this genus show signs of very near 
relationship. It is an inconvenient circumstance that in two cases 
only the male is known, and in two others only the female. Only 
in the case of B. brevirostris (Norman) is the situation saved by Dr. 
Calman’s decision that Vauwnthompsonia ceca, Bonnier, 1896, is a 
synonym of Norman’s species. From Norman’s account of the 
female the form about to be described differs in respect to the 
third maxillipeds, the telsonic segment, and the uropods. From 
Bonnier’s description and figures of the young male it differs further 
in regard to the first and second maxillipeds. From B. longirostris, 
Calman, founded on a young male, it differs strikingly in characters 
of the pseudorostral lobes, and from &. longicaudatus, Calman, 
founded on an immature female, it differs conspicuously by inferior 
size and in the proportions of the first antenne. From the typical 
species, B. elongatus, Hansen, also described from an immature 


136 Annals of the South African Museum. 


female, it differs in the proportions of the mandibles and the 
uropods. 

The pseudorostral lobes meet for a short distance in front of the 
little triangular eyelobe ; seen from the side they project a little 
upwards in an acute point, and laterally are truncate, meeting the 
serrate lower margin without forming any produced tooth ; seen from 
above they show a slightly serrate sinuous front. The carapace is 
about one-fourth of the total length from pseudorostral point to end 
of telsonic segment ; the medio-dorsal line is carinate, the first third 
showing the alternating spinules in double line commencing on the 
eyelobe and seemingly fading away into a single line obscurely con- 
tinued to the hind margin. High magnification shows an extensive 
distribution of minute denticles, each projected from one of the 
irregular hexagonal cells of the surface, most of these cells having 
an internal marking suggestive of their capacity to produce a 
denticle. 

The first pedigerous segment appears to be firmly united to the 
carapace. The four following segments are bordered below with 
firm edges. The lower borders of the first five pleon segments are 
flattened out. The produced part of the telsonic segment is almost 
semicircular, with a little serration on each side of the middle of the 
apical border. Norman assigns to B. brevirostris ‘telson very short, 
semiovate, smooth.” Bonnier figures the part in question as semi- 
ovate, but rather long in relation to the antecedent part of the 
segment. 

As in all species of the genus, the eye is wanting. The first 
autenne have a geniculate first joint, the second shorter than the 
third, the two-jointed flagellum shorter than the third joint of the 
peduncle, its first joint being dilated near the base and fringed with 
long filaments, the shorter second joint carrying the usual annulated 
sete and others; the minute two-jointed accessory is provided with 
a close-set fascicle of very long sete. That this rather striking 
apparatus is not mentioned in the other species is no doubt due 
to the sex of the female specimens and probably to the immaturity 
of the males. The second antenne have characters commonly found 
in male Sympoda, unless the interlocking of the third and fourth 
joints of the peduncle may prove to be exceptional (but Sars has 
figured something similar in Bodotria and Leucon); the short penulti- 
mate joint pushes up a small lobe between the two widely separated 
lobes of the antepenultimate; the flagellum was not complete in any 
specimen, but the proximal portion showed a very great number of 
short joints furnished with setules. 


The Sympoda. 137 


The upper lip is emarginate. The mandibles have the basal 
section longer than the part on the other side of the strong molar; 
a spine-row of twenty-one spines leads on to a very narrow cutting 
plate, which in one mandible is accompanied by a narrow accessory. 
In Hansen’s B. elongatus the basal section of the mandible is, con- 
trary to custom, shorter than the spiniferous portion. The first and 
second maxillee are normal. 

The first maxillipeds have a long second joint, the third missing, 
the fourth and fifth broad, closely united, the fifth fringed with a 
row of eight bifid teeth, the two following joints small; the branchial 
apparatus with eight leaflets agrees better with Hansen’s account 
for B. elongatus than with Bonnier’s figure and description of this 
part in his Vaunthompsonia ceca. The second maxillipeds have 
a slender, sinuous, strongly ridged second joint twice the length of 
the rest of the limb, with the third joint scarcely forming a complete 
ring, instead of a joint twice as long as broad as represented in 
Bonnier’s figure. The third maxillipeds have the second joint 
well produced and serrate on inner side of the apical process, but 
without the strong armature of spines described by Norman for 
his species. After the small third joint the rest of the limb is 
missing. 

The first perseopods were available only to the end of the second 
joint; the exopod has a remarkably broad basal joint, the flagellar 
part having a first joint not very long, but succeeded by no less 
than seven short joints. The second perwopods have the second 
joint serrate, the third short, the much-spined seventh about as 
long as the fifth with the little sixth. 

The pleopods have the peduncle little longer than the subequal 
rami, the one-jointed endopod with its lateral process little produced 
across the two-jointed exopod, of which the second joint, like the 
endopod and peduncle, is amply provided with sete. 

The exopod of the uropods is about three-fourths as long as the 
peduncle, and has eight slender spines on its inner margin. The 
scarcely shorter endopod is fringed with about seventeen little 
spines and four larger on the inner margin of its large first joint: 
the much thinner second joint, more than half as long, has a dozen 
little spines on the inner margin, on which the peduncle has a varied 
assortment of a score. 

Length of male 11 mm. Female unknown. 

Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles; depth 805 m.; No. 
12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


138 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Famiry SYMPODOMMATIDA, n. 


Without distinct telson; with exopods only on the first three 
pairs of pereeopods in both sexes ; with five pairs of pleopods in the 
male. 


SYMPODOMMA, n. g. 


General form slender, elongate, width diminishing gradually from 
carapace to pleon. Eyelobe narrowly linguiform, separating the 
pseudorostral lobes, in which the sinus is well defined by the pro- 
duced antero-lateral angle. All five pedigerous segments dorsally 
exposed, the first short. Pleon elongate ; telsonic segment produced 
between the bases of the uropods. First antenna with both flagella 
slight. Third maxilliped with second joint distally much produced, 
fifth not much distally widened. First three pairs of perseopods in 
both sexes with exopods, fourth and fifth pairs without any. Five 
pairs of pleopods in the male. Uropods with both rami two- 
jointed. 

The name of the genus is compounded of the tribal name and 
Oppa, an eye. 

Under this genus I group the new species Sympodonma africanus, 
and three previously known under other names: 1. S. anomalus, 
assigned by G. O. Sars in 1871 and 1873 with much hesitation to the 
genus Leucon, but in 1879 and 1887, again with some doubt, trans- 
ferred to Vaunthompsonia ; 2. S. weberi, described by Calman in 
1905 as Heterocuma ? weberi, and 3. S. diomedee, the species 
described by Calman in 1912 as a companion of the preceding species 
in the genus Heterocwma. 


SyMPODOMMA AFRICANUS, Nn. sp. 
Plate L. 


The present species bears a close resemblance to that recently 
described by Dr. Calman from Japan under the name Heterocwma 
diomedee (Proc. U.S. Mus., vol. xli., p. 612, text figs. 6-9, 1912), but 
is distinguished by the different armature of the carapace and by the 
proportions of the uropods. 

The pseudorostral lobes are kept quite apart by the advanced eye- 
lobe, the slightly expanded pellucid apex of which appears to be 
occupied by numerous small lenses; an angular antennal sinus is 
formed by the well-advanced antero-lateral angle, from which com- 
mences a serration carried some way along the lower margin. A 


The Sympoda. 139 


median carina, beginning on the eyelobe, is carried right through to 
the hind margin, on the frontal lobe carrying three conspicuous 
forward-pointing teeth just as in the Japanese species, but not as 
there behind these teeth dividing into two tuberculated ridges, nor 
are the sides of the carapace here tuberculate except for a single pair 
of tubercles anteriorly outside the frontal lobe. Microscopic denticles 
can be made out along the centre of the carina and scattered over 
the minutely squamose surface of the carapace. 

The pedigerous segments after the first are laterally keeled, and 
after the second have a median pair of carine. There isa slight inter- 
locking laterally between the third and fourth segments. No ventral 
spine was found on these segments. The first five pleon segments 
have each a dorsal and lateral pair of carine, but the telsonic seg- 
ment though elevated in the middle is scargely to be called carinate ; 
its rounded end is well produced between the bases of the uropods. 

In the first antenne the geniculate first joint is as long as the 
subequal second and third joints combined; the small flagellum is 
three-jointed, with the third joint minute, the sensory filaments 
long; the accessory flagellum with its two joints is not nearly as 
long as the first joint of the principal. The second antennez of the 
specimen had the usual character for a male not fully adult, giving 
promise, however, of very numerous joints. 

The mandibles have a strong molar, finely toothed on the apical 
margin ; the spine-row contains at least a score of spines. The first 
maxille show an elongate palp, with two unequal terminal filaments. 
The second maxille with the usual armature appear to be longer 
than usual. The first maxillipeds have the marginal teeth of the 
ante-penultimate joint apparently simple, although a spine project- 
ing from below under a low magnification makes the upper tooth 
seem bifid; the second joint at the apex of its inner margin shows a 
tooth of unusual size. In the second maxillipeds the slender second 
joint is much longer than the five following jomts combined. The 
second joint of the third maxilliped is more than twice as long as the 
five following joints combined, wider at both ends than in the middle, 
much produced apically ; the fourth joint is also produced, but is 
little longer than broad; the three following joints are narrow. The 
long first pereopods have the sixth joint less than twice the fifth 
and not a fourth longer than the seventh. In the short second pair 
the sixth joint is not longer than the third, the seventh as long as 
fifth and sixth combined. Exopods to the third pair were not satis- 
factorily made out, but may be presumed, as they occur in both 
sexes of the allied Japanese species. 


140 Annals of the South African Museum. 


The five pairs of pleopods were without swimming set, the one- 
jointed inner branch having a narrow process across the line of 
junction between the two joints of the outer branch. In the uropods 
the endopod is about two-thirds as long as the carinate peduncle, a 
little longer instead of shorter than the exopod, its first joint about 
twice as long as the second, instead of subequal to it. 

Length of specimen, subadult male, 18 mm. Female unknown. 

Locality. Cape Point N. 81 HE. 32 miles; No. 17643, sent by 
Dr. Péringuey. 


Faminy BODOTRIIDAS. 


1901. Bodotriide, T. Scott, Rep. Fish. Board Scotl., vol. xix., p. 273. 


Telson wanting, telsonic segment little produced between the 
uropods ; exopods only on the first pair of pereeopods or also with 
rudiments on the second and third pairs in both sexes; five pairs of 
pleopods in the male; inner branch of uropods two-jointed or 
simple. 

To this family are referred Bodotria, Goodsir, 1843; [phinoé, Bate, 
1856 ; Cyclaspis, Sars, 1865; Stephanomma, Sars, 1871; Hetero- 
cuma, Miers, 1879; Cumopsis, Sars, 1879; Hocuwma, Marcusen, 
1894; Cyclaspoides, Bonnier, 1896; Zygosiphon, Calman, 1907. 

From these genera the species [phinoé brevipes, Hansen, and [phincé 
crassipes, Hansen, have been already considered, and the species 
Iphinoé zimmeri, Stebbing, described, in the Catalogue of S. African 
Crustacea, 1910; a specimen of Cyclaspis spectabilis, Zimmer, 
mentioned in the same work, has since been obtained by Dr. 
Péringuey from Cape Point, E. by N. 29 miles; Museum No. 
17585, and another, No. 12605, from a depth of 805 m., Cape 
Natal, N. by E. 24 miles; the Catalogue further notices Hocuma 
sarsit (Kossmann). 


GEN. BODOTRIA, Goodsir. 


1843. Bodotria, Goodsir, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 
vol. xxxiv., pp. 220/128: 


Carapace without lateral cornua; first pedigerous segment incon- 
spicuous, the second large. Only the first pair of peraeopods carrying 
exopods in either sex; second pereopods with the third joint 
indistinet ; inner branch of uropods either two-jointed or simple. 


The Sympoda., 141 


The two species here added to the genus are distinguished from 
B. arenosus, Goodsir, 1843; B. pulex, Zimmer, 1903; and B. 
similis, B. siamensis, B, parous, ail three established by Calman in 
1907, because those five species have the inner branch of the uropods 
simple, whereas the new species have it two-jointed, in agreement 
with B. scorpioies (Montagu), 1804; B. gibbus (Sars), 1879; B. 
pulchellus (Sars), 1879; and B. sublevis, Calman, 1907. But while 
each of the four last-mentioned species is provided with an eye, that 
organ is apparently wanting in the two new species. 


BoDOTRIA MONTAGUI, n. sp. 
Plate LLa. 


This species is closely related to Bodotria scorpioides (Montagu), 
but exhibits the following points of difference in the female sex, to 
which the single specimen belongs. The integument is not hard 
and strong. The eyelobe shows no trace of an eye. The carapace 
exhibits a pair of oblique grooves, diverging near the middle back- 
wards from the central carina. In the first antennz the third joint 
is not longer than the second. The second maxillipeds are without 
the six strong spines on the distal part of the second joint’s outer 
margin, that part being furnished with four very slight setules. The 
third maxillipeds have the second joint narrowed in the middle. In 
the first pereeopods the fifth joint, though decidedly longer than the 
sixth, is considerably shorter than the sixth and seventh combined. 
In the second perwopods there is a faint indication of the third 
joint, but with incomplete articulation. In dorsal outline the fourth 
pedigerous segment is not separated from the third and fifth by any 
deep incisions, and the telsonic segment is little produced between 
the peduncles of the uropods. 

The comparison has been instituted between the South African 
specimen and the excellent figures and description given in 1879 
and 1899 by Professor Sars of “ Cuma Edwardsii, Goodsir,’’ which 
is now recognised as a synonym of Bodotria scorpioides (Montagu). 
Though the differences above mentioned are rather numerous, the 
points of resemblance are also so many and so close that it seems 
unnecessary to repeat descriptions practically available in the 
writings of Professor Sars. Among the minute details which he 
gives is a character of the first maxille, the elongate palp of which 
has its unequal apical filaments furnished with little lateral hairs 
pointing in different directions. It is difficult to see the hairs at 
all, but in the southern specimen some point upwards and some 
downwards as described by Sars for the northern species. 


142 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Length of specimen 4°5 mm. 
Locality. Lat. 32° 53’ 30” S., long. 28° 11' 00" E.; depth 75 m. 
No. 88, sent by Dr. Gilchrist. 


BoporrRiA AUSTRALIS, n. sp. 
Plate LI.s. 


This species, like the preceding, showed no visual elements and 
had a yielding integument which permitted the flattening out of the 
carapace, thus making visible a pair of lateral ridges on the under 
side with a scalloped edge. The outer edge of the extended carapace 
is fringed beneath with a series of little raised processes. The 
antero-lateral angle is well marked. The last three pedigerous 
segments and first two of the pleon are separated from one another 
and their neighbours by deep depressions. The first antenne have 
the third joint shorter than the second. The second maxillipeds 
have the second joint widest distally instead of in the proximal half. 
The first pereeopods have the sixth joint not longer than the seventh, 
and the two combined not so long as the fifth joint. In the second 
pereopods the third joint makes no appearance. The rami of the 
uropods are two-thirds the length of the peduncle, the exopod being 
inconsiderably longer than the endopod, of which the second joint is 
a little over a third of the first. 

Length of female specimen 3°25 mm. Male unknown. 

Locality. Lat. 32° 53' 30" S., long. 28° 11’ 00" E.; depth 75 m. ; 
No. 83, sent by Dr. Gilchrist. 


Famity CHRATOCUMATIDAL. 


1905. Ceratocumide, Calman, Fisheries, Ireland, 1904, I., p. 37. 

The telson is distinct, but small and unfurnished with spines; only 
the first two pairs of the pereeopods are furnished with exopods; the 
seventh joint in the two following pairs ends in a curved spine; the 
pleon carries five pairs of pleopods; the inner ramus of the uropods 
is 1-jointed. 

Tbe characters are all taken from the male, the other sex being as 
yet unknown. 


GEN. CERATOCUMA, Calman. 
1905. Ceratocuma, Calman, Fisheries, Ireland, 1904, I., p. 37. 


As the family depends at present on one sex of a single species, it 
is, perhaps, inexpedient to attempt a selection of generic characters. 


The Sympoda. 143 


CERATOCUMA HORRIDUS, Calman. 


1905. Ceratocuma horrida, Calman, Fisheries, Ireland, 1904, I., p. 39, 
pl. 4, fig. 57-75. 

This remarkable species has been fully described and figured by 
Dr. Calman. Briefly may be mentioned the numerous procurved 
processes on the flattened oblong carapace, the expanded lateral 
processes of the second and third pedigerous segments, the absence 
of limbs from the fifth pedigerous segment (while both pairs of 
antennz give evidence of maturity), the peculiar processes with 
their dense tufts of radiating sete on the short sixth joint of the 
first pereeopod, and the great length of the slender uropods, in which 
the equal rami are very much longer than the peduncle. The only 
point in which the South African specimen differs from Dr. Calman’s 
description and figures is in a small bulbous expansion of the base 
of this peduncle. The capacity of the telson for closing down over 
the anal opening, when exercised, has the effect of obscuring its 
existence. The South African specimen measures 4 mm. 

Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. about 24 miles; depth 805 m.; 
No. 12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


Fawiry HEMILAMPROPIDAj, n. 


Telson large, with more than two apical spines; first antenne 
with both flagella well developed; exopods on the first four pairs 
of pereopods, but those on the third and fourth pairs only rudi- 
mentary in the female; first pereeopods with second joint much 
shorter than the rest of the limb; three pairs of pleopods in the 
male; uropods with 3-jointed inner ramus. 

The system here followed makes it imperative to separate from 
the Lampropide those genera in which the male has three pairs of 
pleopods. It seems also desirable to institute a family Paralampro- 
pide for the genus Paralamprops, Sars, 1887, containing the species 
P. serratocostatus (Sars), 1885, and P. asper, Zimmer, 1907, this 
family being distinguished from the Hemilampropide by the first 
maxilla, which here have no palp. That feature the family shares, 
so far as is known, only with the Platysympodide, but the latter 
family has in the female exopods only on the first pair of perwopods, 
whereas in the Paralampropide there are in that sex exopods on the 
first four pairs, although, as often elsewhere, those on the third and 
fourth pereopods are rudimentary. The genus Platysympus has a 


144 Annals of the South African Museum. 


new name in place of the preoccupied Platyaspis, Sars, 1870. It 
contains the species P. typicus (Sars), 1870, and P. brachyurus 
(Zimmer), 1907. The species orbicularis, which Dr. Calman 
referred to Platyaspis in 1905 and to Paralamprops in 1912, may, 
perhaps, be transferred to a new genus Platytyphlops to be sub- 
sequently introduced. The suggestion made by Professor Sars in 
1900 that Chalarostylis, Norman, 1879, might be referred to the 
Platyaspidee (now Platysympodidee) will not suit the character of 
the first maxille in Norman’s Chalarostylis elegans, since Dr. Calman 
has observed that those appendages have a normal bisetose palp. 


Gren. HEMILAMPROPS, Sars. 


1882. Henuilamprops, Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christian., 1882, pp. 11, 55. 
1899. H., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i., p. 21. 

As this is at present the only genus assigned to the family, the 
family characteristics may suffice to define it. The species included 
are H. roseus (Norman), 1863; H. cristatus (Sars), 1870; H. wniplicatus 
(Sars), 1872; H. assimilis, Sars, 1882 ; H. normani, Bonnier, 1896; H. 
pellucidus, Zimmer, 1908. 


HEMILAMPROPS PELLUCIDUS, Zimmer. 
Plate LIT. 


1908. Hemilamprops pellucida, Zimmer, Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exp., 
yol. vill., pi. 3.¢pp.s171, 172; pl. 39; figsivad;o4) pls.40, 
figs. 55-69. 

1910. H. p., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5, p. 415. 

The specimens here described and figured, if not in absolute agree- 
ment with the young female and still younger male, examined by 
Dr. Zimmer, do not admit of any real doubt that they belong to the 
same species. 

The integument is pellucid, delicate, microscopically scabrous. 
Pseudorostral lobes short, subacute, with serrate edges. Carapace 
in both sexes rather deep, the small triangular eyelobe without 
lenses, the medio-dorsal line carrying four or five forward-pointing 
denticles, immediately followed by a nearly level line of twenty 
denticles reaching back beyond the middle of the carapace and suc- 
ceeded by a groove between the inflated branchial regions. Pedi- 
gerous segments combined shorter than the carapace. Pleon longer 
than those segments and carapace together. Telson with three long 
apical spines, its denticulate margins carrying six to eight pairs of 


The Sympoda. 146 


spines on the nearly parallel-sided hinder half; in the nearly adult 
male the telson is longer than in the female, with a narrower 
base. 

First antenna with serrate edge to the large first joint, third joint 
small, and in the male not longer than broad, flagellum in the female 
of five or six joints, with accessory of three joints, the third micro- 
scopic; in the male the flagellum is four-jointed, with accessory of 
three well-developed joints. Second antenna of the female small, 
four-jointed, with a seta on the rather large first joint and another 
on the small second joint; second antenna in the male showing a 
flat process on the side of the penultimate joint of the peduncle, the 
last joint long, probably composite, the flagellum long, annulated, 
the very numerous short rings not having attained their full 
development. 

The first perseopod has the second joint much curved, with its 
convex border distally serrate. The second pereopod has the 
second joint shorter than the succeeding joints combined, of which 
the strongly spined fifth is longer than the short sixth and long 
narrow seventh together. The third and fourth perzeopods have the 
second joint more dilated in the male than in the female, in cor- 
respondence with the exopods well developed in the former sex but 
reduced to two-jointed rudiments in the latter; the third joint of the 
third pereopod in the male shows no sign of the peculiar flattened 
spines found in adult males of northern species belonging to this 
genus, 

The three pairs of pleopods in the male with short apical setz 
may be taken to represent a subadult character. 

Peduncle of the uropods in the female longer than the telson with 
its apical spines and longer than either ramus; in the male it is sub- 
equal to the telson with its spines and shorter than the rami; of 
these the exopod is a little the shorter, with the first the longer 
of its two long joints; the endopod has its first joint much 
longer than the two following joints combined, these two being 
subequal in the female, but the second shorter than the third in 
the male. 

Length 8°5 mm. 

Locality. Cape Point N. 81° E. 32 miles; No. 17386, sent by 
Dr. Péringuey. 


12 


146 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Famity DIASTYLIDA. 


1856. Diastylide (part), Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, vol. xvii. 
p. 449. 
1900. D. (part), G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., p. 41. 


All the pedigerous segments distinct; telson large, with only two 
apical spines; accessory flagellum of first antennee distinct; man- 
dibles normal, not broad at the base; first maxilla with bisetose 
palp; branchial leaflets numerous, often spirally arranged; exopods 
on the first four pairs of perzeopods in the male, on the first two 
pairs in the female and sometimes rudiments on the third and fourth 
pairs; two pairs of biramose pleopods in the male; inner branch 
of uropods three-jointed. 

With this definition the family will be restricted to the genera 
Diastylis, Say, 1818; Leptostylis, Sars, 1869; Diastylopsis, 8. I. 
Smith, 1880; Paradiastylis, Calman, 1904; and the new genera 
Adiastylis, Makrokylindrus, and Ekleptostylis. But this compact- 
ness has to be purchased at the cost of establishing several new 
families closely allied in most of their features. Thus a two-jointed 
inner ramus of the uropods introduces a new genus, Hkdiastylis, in 
the Ekdiastylide, with H. sculptus (Sars), 1871, and eight companion 
species transferred from Diastylis. Holostylis in the Holostylide is 
instituted to receive Diastylis helleri, Zimmer, 1907, and with it 
Cuma gayi, Nicolet, 1849, both of which are set forth as having 
a simple inner ramus to the uropods. In Diastyloides, Sars, 1900, 
the Diastyloidide have a genus in which the mandibles are broad at 
the base instead of normally tapering, and the second pleopod has 
only a single ramus. The Pseudodiastylidee, dependent on Pseudo- 
diastylis ferox, Calman, 1905, known only in the female sex, have 
an elongate telson with more than two apical spines. In the Oxyuro- 
stylide, Oxyurostylis smithi, » new genus and species, established 
by Dr. Calman in 1912, exhibits a sharply pointed telson with no 
apical spine or spines. The Colurostylide, in the original repre- 
sentative Colurostylis pseudocuma, Calman, 1911, have a short telson 
without apical spines and a two-jointed inner ramus to the uropods, 
but “ Colurostylis (?) occidentalis,’ Calman, 1912, has that ramus 
three-jointed. The Gynodiastylide are separated from all the fami- 
lies just mentioned by having no pleopods in the male. The species 
originally assigned to the genus Gynodiastylis, Calman, 1911, agree 
in having a rather small, unarmed telson not produced beyond the 
anus, and as in Paradiastylis with no exopod to the third maxillipeds 


The Synpoda. 147 


in the female. But the relations of the species among themselves 
are rather complicated, since the type species, G. carinatus, agrees 
only with G. levis in having no exopods on the third and fourth 
pereeopods of the male, while G. /e@vis is separated from the type 
and Dr. Calman’s other two species, G. costatus and G. bicristatus, 
by having the inner ramus of the uropods simple. A family 
Dicide, with the new genus and species Dic calmani, was 
instituted in the General Catalogue of South African Crustacea, 
published in 1910, and Dic tubulicauda (Calman), is accepted by 
Dr. Thomas Scott. 


Gen. DIASTYLIS, Say. 
1818. Dzastylis, Say, J. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. i., p. 313. 
1900. D., G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. 1., p. 42. 

Pseudorostral lobes with antero-lateral corners usually little pro- 
duced; telson long, post-anal portion narrowly produced, elongate, 
with several pairs of lateral spines; second antennee of adult male 
very long; third maxilliped with exopod in both sexes; third pereeo- 
pods not widely separated from the second in the adult female ; both 
pairs of pleopods in the male well developed, the outer ramus two- 
jointed. 

The genus Paradiastylis, Calman, 1904, has no exopod on the 
third maxilliped of the female, and the adult female of Diasty- 
lopsis has the second and third perzeopods widely separated. Dis- 
tinguishing points of other genera in the family are noticed under 
other headings. Diastylis itself, after all the deductions here made, 
still contains thirty-three species. In six of these the third and 
fourth pereeopods of the female have rudimentary exopods. In the 
remainder these rudiments are regarded as wanting, but it is an 
open question in regard to D. trecinctus, Zimmer, 1903, only known 
in the male, and D. armatus, Norman, for which these perzopods 
have not been described. 


DIASTYLIS ALGOH, Zimmer. 
1908. Diastylis algoe, Zimmer, Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exp., vol. viii., 
p. 188, pls. 44, 45, figs. 96-108. 
1910. D. a., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5, Annals S.A. Mus., 
vol. vi., p- 418. 
Three numbers should be added to the stations from which this 
species was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, namely, 78, 83, 131, the 
localities being respectively lat. 33° 54’ 15" S., long. 25° 53’ 30" E., 


148 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


depth 57 m.; lat. 32° 53’ 30” S., long. 28° 11’ 00” E., depth 75 m. ; 
Sebastian Bluff, W.N.W. 2 miles, depth 44 m. 


ADIASTYLIS, n. g. 


This genus is separated from Diastylis as having the proximal 
division of the telson long and cylindrical, while it is distinguished 
from Makrokylindrus by having the short post-anal part furnished 
with lateral spines. It contains the new species A. acanthodes, 
together with A. longipes (Sars), 1871, A. costatws (Bonnier), 1896, 
both transferred from Diastylis, and A. longicaudatus (Bonnier), 
1896, originally referred to Leptostylis, from which it differs 
strikingly by the length of the telson. 

It is not improbable that the species agree in having the first 
pereopods elongate, but those limbs were mutilated in the speci- 
mens from which 4A. costatus and A. acanthodes were described—a 
calamity to which the front legs are especially liable when they are 
of great length. 


ADIASTYLIS ACANTHODES, 0. sp. 
Plate LIII. 


The present species is unfortunately known only in the male sex. 
The carapace of the single specimen was damaged, the first legs 
were defective from the end of the second joint and the endopod 
of the uropods from what appears to be the end of the second 
joint. 

The pseudorostral lobes meet for some distance in advance of the 
apparently sightless eyelobe, being produced acutely as far as the 
end of the first joint of the first antenne; their upper surface is 
diversified, in common with the rest of the carapace, with numerous 
denticles of various sizes. The carapace seems to be devoid of 
ridges. The five pedigerous segments are free, much denticulate, 
each with a pair of conspicuous dorsal teeth, unless the first seg- 
ment be an exception; that and the following segment have each 
the front margin serrate; the side-plates were not clearly made out 
but appear to have some denticles larger than those on the general 
surface. The pleon is longer than the anterior division of the body, 
all of it denticulate except the telson, with several conspicuous 
dorsal denticles and a few such subventral; the fifth segment the 
longest and the sixth the widest of the first six, the telson much longer 
than the fifth segment, about two-thirds as long as the peduncle of 


The Sympoda. 149 


the uropods, its last third very narrow, tapering, somewhat curved, 
with an apical pair of spines, larger than the unsymmetrically placed 
lateral spines, four on the left, three on the right. 

First antennze with stout peduncle carrying a few denticles, the 
lirst joint the longest, the third ending in a subcircular process from 
which amidst a bush of filaments issue the two very slender flagella, 
the principal five jointed, its first joint the longest, the accessory 
four-jointed, its first joint the shortest. Second antennxe with second 
joint of peduncle four times as long as the third, twice the fourth, 
and two-thirds the length of the fifth joint ; the flagellum short, not 
twice the peduncle, of about twenty joints. 

The mouth organs show substantial agreement with those in 
Diastylis, the upper lip slightly emarginate, the first maxillee with 
bisetose palp, the mandibles with tapering base, not broad as in 
Diastyloides, the molar well developed but not very stout, the first 
maxillipeds with no great number of branchial leaflets, the third 
with long plumose sete oa the somewhat dilated end of the long 
curved second joint. 

First pereopods with second joint much like that of the third 
maxtillipeds, but much more denticulate and forming a narrower 
neck ; the distal joints missing. Second pair with a much shorter 
second joint, stout, not longer than the long fifth and short sixth 
joints combined, fourth joint not half the length of the slender fifth, 
nor the sixth half the seventh. The following limbs successively 
shorter, the third and fourth distinguished by their denticulate 
second joint, strikingly narrowed distally. The fifth pair being as 
usual devoid of exopods, such as are borne by the five preceding pairs 
of appendages, has a smooth uniformly narrow second joint. 

The first pleopods are considerably larger than the second, with 
more numerous set on the peduncle; the little two-jointed outer 
ramus slightly shorter than the one-jointed inner, while in the 
second pair there is equality or the outer ramus is a little the 
longer, in each case carrying four plumose sete while the inner ramus 
has eight. The peduncle of the uropods about equals in length the 
fourth; fifth, and sixth pleon segments combined, the exopod equalling 
the fifth and sixth combined, and barely exceeding the two remaining 
joints of the endopod, in which the second joint is two-thirds the 
length of the first. 

Length of the specimen about 9 mm., of which the pleon 
occupies 5 mm. 

Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. about 24 miles; depth 805 m.; 
No. 12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


150 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


MAKROKYLINDRUS, n. g. 


Carapace denticulate; no distinct eye; telson elongate, basal 
portion cylindrical, much longer than the short post-anal portion, 
which carries only the two apical spines. Peraeopods of the female, 
so far as known, without rudimentary exopods on the third and 
fourth pairs. 

Name compounded of paxpdc, long, and Kiduvdpoe, a cylinder. 

It seems convenient to assign to this genus, besides the new 
species M. fragilis, four species previously placed under Diastylis 
and one doubtfully assigned by Bonnier to Diastylopsis, so that 
Makrokylindrus will contain M. josephine, described by Sars in 1871 ; 
M. erinaceus (Sars), 1887; M. dubius (Bonnier), 1896; M. congulatus 
(Calman), 1905; M. serricauda (Scott), 1912; and M. fragilis, n. sp. 


MAKROKYLINDRUS FRAGILIS, n. Sp. 
Plates LIV., LY. 


The integument displays conspicuously a network of hexagonal 
cells, regular or irregular, with a few smooth spots on the sides of 
the pedigerous segments. The pseudorostral lobes are subacutely 
produced in front of the prominent rounded but seemingly sightless 
eyelobe. Along the line of junction there is on each side a dorsal 
series of spines successively smaller to the rear, more numerous in 
the male than in the female. The processes overhang the peduncle 
of the first antenne to the end of its second joint ; a receding con- 
vexity joins the lower margin without any projecting corner. 
Behind the eyelobe a central ridge, elevated at the middle, ascends 
to a bilobed girdle which crosses the carapace a little behind the 
middle. Each lobe of the girdle descends forward to a point at 
which it meets a dentate carina diverging upwards from the base of 
each pseudorostral process; from the same point a ridge descends 
almost perpendicularly towards the lower margin, but before reach- 
ing it divides, sending a short branch forward to the base of the 
pseudorostrum and a somewhat longer one backward to the lower 
margin. Behind the slightly advanced median point of the girdle 
the dorsal line of the carapace undulates in gentle descent to the 
hind margin in the female, with smooth curve in the male. First 
and second pedigerous segments short, the first partially covered, 
third and fourth dorsally coalesced but laterally distinct, with 
considerable rounded dilatation of the side-plates of the third seg- 
ment, fifth comparatively long, the hinder angles rounded. First 
three segments of pleon in the male each with a pair of small dorsal 


The Sympoda. 151 


teeth, the rest and all in the female smooth; sixth segment not 
much shorter than the fifth, and near the uropods much wider; the 
telson rather longer than both combined, evenly cylindrical for about 
seven-ninths of its length, then narrowing over the anal valves to the 
truncate apex which is occupied by a pair of rather large spines ; the 
sides of the telson are serrate in the upper half, but smooth near 
the base and in the lower half. 

First antenne with long peduncle, stout in the male, first joint 
dentate at the apex, second equally long, third much shorter, slender 
in the female, stout in the male, flagellum slender, joints seemingly 
four, with the usual long sete at apex, accessory with 2 joints and a 
very long apical seta at least in the male, in which sex there is a 
fascicle of sensory filaments attached to a broad process at the base 
of the flagella, possibly representing the first joint of the principal 
flagellum. Second antennze four-jointed in the female, carrying 
seven plumose sete, terminal joint very small, sometimes in geni- 
culate attachment. In the male the penultimate joint of the peduncle 
has a proximal tooth on the outer margin; the outer margin of the 
long last joint is fringed with very small tufts of setules. 

Upper lip emarginate. Lower lip with the lobes apparently deeply 
indented on the inner margin. 

Mandibles with strong molar, spine-row with spines as many as 
twenty, or sometimes rather fewer, one mandible with an accessory 
plate and the principal plate minutely quadridentate, the other 
mandible without accessory plate and narrower principal. 

First maxilla with inner plate broad, five spines on its narrow 
apex ; the palp not very long, with two apical sete. Second maxille 
seemingly with undivided distal plate, carrying numerous spines on 
the distal margin and one on the lateral surface, the slightly 
projecting basal lobe fringed with very numerous short sete. 

First maxillipeds like the maxille of very delicate texture, the 
epipod voluminous, in the male carrying numerous branchial leaves, 
general structure as in Diastylis. Second maxillipeds with second 
joint rather broad, nearly as long as the rest combined, carrying two 
plumose sete at the apex of each margin, third joint distinct, very 
small. In the females with well-packed ovaries no fan of vibratory 
setae was discovered, but in place of the fans a pair of long simple 
processes with some apical setules. Third maxillipeds with second 
joint much longer than the rest combined, much curved, strongly 
produced at the outer apex, which is rounded and furnished with five 
long plumose setw, the fourth to the seventh joints ditfering little in 
length but the last two much the narrower. 


152 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


First pereeopod with second joint stout and long, much curved ; 
the rest of the limb probably long and slender, as in all the 
specimens it is missing. Second perzopod with second joint shorter 
than the rest of the limb, in which the third joint is short but 
distinct, the denticulate fifth joint longer than the fourth or seventh, 
the sixth as usual very small. The three following pairs are 
successively shorter, with no trace of exopods in the female, and in 
correspondence with this the second joint very slender, whereas in 
the third and fourth pairs of the male which have exopods this joint 
is stout. The fifth perseopod is small in both sexes, but with the full 
number of joints. 

The pleopods of the male are similar on the first and second 
segments of the pleon, having a rather long peduncle with two short 
rami, the inner one-jointed, furnished with five plumose sete, of 
which three are apical, the outer two-jointed, with four sete, its 
second joint the shorter. The third and fourth pleon segments show 
some ventral setz, presumably vestiges of pleopods now absent. 

The uropods have a narrow peduncle, not quite so long as the 
fifth and sixth pleon segments combined, but much longer than the 
rami, of which the three-jointed endopod is two-thirds the length of 
the peduncle, and the exopod little more than two-thirds that of the 
endopod. In the female specimen figured there are ten spinules 
along the inner margin of the peduncle, and seven, five, and four 
respectively on that of the first, second, and third joints of the 
endopod. 

Average length of adult specimens, 10 mm. 

Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. about 24 miles; depth 805 m.; 
No. 12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


Gen. LEPTOSTYLIS, Sars. 
1869. Leptostylis, G. O. Sars, Nyt. Mag. Naturv., vol. xvi., p. 343 
(39). 
1900. Z., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, voi. iil., p. 67. 
1911. L., Stappers, Duc d'Orléans Campagne Arctique, Crust. 
Malacostracés, p. 116. 

In general agreement with Diastylis, but having a shorter telson, 
with lateral spines few or none; second antenne in male with 
flagellum not very long; all the species with rudimentary exopods 
on third and fourth perzeopods of the female ; pleopods of the male 
less fully developed than in Diastylis. 

This genus appears to suit eleven species, beginning with L. ampul- 


The Sympoda. 153 


laceus (Liljeborg), 1856. to which Sars added ZL. longimanus, L. 
macrurus, and L. villosus in 1869, the first of these having been 
described in 1865 under Diastylis. In 1873 he deseribed L. mancus, 
re-described by Zimmer in 1902, and by him transferred to Diastylis 
in 1908. L. productus, Norman, dates from 1879, and has been 
followed by L. antipus, Zimmer, L. crassicauda, Zimmer, both in 
1907, with Z. gracilis and L. borealis, Stappers, in 1908, and here a 
new species. Dr. Stappers suggests the possibility that his two 
species may prove to be only the two sexes of a single species, but 
deems it very improbable. 

Leptostylis walkeri, Calman, 1907, is transferred to a new genus 
Ekleptostylis, in which the short telson is furnished with many 
lateral spines, and in the male has a lobe uniquely produced over 
the narrow distal portion. 


LEPTOSTYLIS MACRUROIDES, N. sp. 
Plate LVI. 


This species combines some of the characters for which Leptostylis 
macrurus and L. villosus are notable. The latter is described by 
Sars as having the lower edges of the pseudorostral lobes ‘ through- 
out divided into peculiar lamellar serrations.” These resemble a 
machicolated parapet, and this curious feature occurs in the new 
species, which, however, is easily distinguished from Z. villosus both 
by the carapace and the uropods. On the other hand, to L. macrurus 
of Sars it makes a near approach in these and some other respects. 
The proportions and general appearance are certainly very similar, 
But the carine in L. macrurus are serrate in the ordinary way, not 
machicolated; the telson is “but slightly narrowed distally,” 
instead of much narrowed ; the rami of the first pleopods are more 
strongly developed; and other differences combine with these to 
separate it from the southern form. 

The dorsal line of the carapace is convex between a slightly 
upturned pseudorostral projection and a slight upturning of the hind 
margin. From the base of the pseudorostral projection issue two 
long curved lateral carine which reunite before reaching the hind 
margin; each of them is machicolated in the anterior half, the 
upper one then becoming serrate, the lower one almost smooth; the 
eyelobe is small, seemingly eyeless ; the whole surface is pitted with 
minute glassy circles, each with a microscopic hair. Some at least 
of the pedigerous segments and the first two of the pleon segments 
have long slender latero-ventral spines, of which no mention is 


154 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


made in the northern species. The fifth pleon segment is very long 
and narrow, the telson as long as the sixth segment, the terminal 
part much narrowed, carrying an apical pair of spines attended by a 
very small subapical pair. 

The first antennz have a stout peduncle, the third joint short, 
with circular process bearing the usual brush of filaments, from 
among which springs the slender flagellum, of five joints, the 
second the longest, the fifth minute; in the four-jointed accessory 
the first joint is shorter than the second or third, the last minute. 
The second antennz have a long slender peduncle, the second joint 
much longer than its neighbours, the fifth nearly thrice as long as. 
the second. The flagellum missing. 

The mouth organs are of delicate structure. Upper lip emarginate. 
Mandibles with strong molar and ten spines in the spine-row. First 
maxillee with narrowly ended plates and bisetose palp, the third 
maxilliped with second joint much longer than the next five joints. 
combined. 

First pereeopods with long and remarkably bent second joint ; 
rest of the imb missing. Second perzeopod with second joint bent, 
stout, not distally narrowed, much shorter than the five following 
joints combined, sixth joint as long as the fourth, seventh consider- 
ably shorter than fifth. Third perzopods with second joint distally 
narrowed, much longer than following joints together, one margin 
strongly serrate. Fourth perzopod like the third, but with second 
joint considerably shorter. Fifth perzeopod slender throughout, 
second joint longer than the other five combined. 

Pleopods with the peduncles not tapering as in L. macrurus but 
parallel-sided, the exopod minute, especially in the first pair, and the 
endopod of that pair much shorter in proportion to the breadth than 
represented by Sars for his species. Peduncle of uropods about 
twice and a half as long as the telson, but considerably less than 
twice the endopod, of which the first joint is longer than the second 
but shorter than the third, with 4, 3,3 spines on the inner margin 
and a much larger apical spine; exopod broken. 

Length of specimen, adult male, about 5 mm. 

Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles; depth 805 m.; No. 
12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


The Sympoda. 155 


Famity EKDIASTYLIDA, n. 


This family is distinguished from the restricted Diastylide by 
having the inner ramus of the uropods two-jointed. 


HKDIASTYLIS, n. g. 

With the character of the family. 

The species allotted to this genus are H. sculptus, EH. insignis, 
E. abbreviatus, all assigned to Diastylis by Sars in 1871; E. fim- 
briatus (Sars), 1873; H. politus (S. I. Smith), 1882; H. horridus 
(Sars), 1887; H. mystacinus (Sars), 1887; H. hexaceros (Zimmer) 
1908 ; and H. argentatus (Calman), 1912. 


EKDIASTYLIS HEXACEROS (Zimmer). 
1908. Diastylis hexaceros, Zimmer, Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exp., vol. viii. 
p. 187, pl. 44, figs. 93-95. 
1910. D. h., Stebbing, S.A. Crustacea, pt. 5, Annals 8.A. Mus. 
vol. vi., p. 418. 


I have not myself met with this species, which was taken by the 
German Expedition outside the Agulhas Bank in a depth of 565 m. 


Faminy LEUCONID Ai. 


1879. Leuconide, G. O. Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. iii., p. 6, 
vol, iv., p. 74. 
1900. Z., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii1., p. 28. 


All the pedigerous segments distinct ; telson wanting; eye want- 
ing; first antennze with accessory flagellum small; mandibles 
broad at the base, spines few; first maxillae with unisetose palp ; 
branchial leaflets few; exopods on first four pairs of perzeopods in 
the male and the first three in the female; two pairs of pleopods 
in the male; inner branch of uropods two-jointed. 

To this family are assigned the genera Leucon, Kroyer, 1846 ; 
Eudorella, Norman, 1867; Hudorellopsis, Sars, 1882; and Pseudo- 
leucon, Zimmer, 1903. From it are detached the three genera 
Paraleucon, Hemileucon, and Heterolewcon, all instituted by Dr. 
Calman in 1907. The first of these I take as representative of a 


156 Annals of the South African Museum. 


new family Paraleuconide, in which the male has only one pair 
of pleopods. In the second, for which the family Hemileuconide is 
proposed, the male has no pleopods, and this is the case also with 
the Heteroleuconide, represented by Heterolewcon, which has the 
further character to separate it from the other three families that 
only the first two pairs of pereopods carry exopods in either sex. 


Gren. LEUCON, Kroyer. 
1846. Leucon (part’, Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskrift, Ser. 2, vol. i1., 
p. 208. 
1900. L., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iii., p. 29. 

Carapace with longitudinal, medio-dorsal, serrate crest in female, 
but often not in male ; pseudorostral projection prominent ; peduncle 
of first antennze not conspicuously geniculate, accessory flagellum 
minute ; terminal joint of second antennz in female well defined. 

The new species here introduced brings the number of species at 
present included in this genus up to twenty. 


LEUCON KALLUROPUS, 0. Sp. 
Plate LVII. | 


This species belongs to the small group in which the one-jointed 
accessory flagellum of the first antenna is not shorter than the first 
joint of the principal flagellum, and to the still smaller group in 
which the outer ramus of the uropod is much shorter than the 
inner. It makes undoubtedly a close approach to Leucon longi- 
rostris, Sars, taking into account the successive descriptions of that 
species by Sars in 1871, by Norman in 1879, and by Calman in 
1906. Sars had at command a young male ending with the second 
segment of the pleon, the fragment being scarcely 4 mm. long. He 
describes the accessory flagellum of the first antenna as rudimentary 
and like a tubercle. It was taken off the coast of Portugal at a 
depth of 1,036 m. Norman’s specimen, a female, was taken at the 
entrance of Davis Strait in lat. 59° 10' N., at a depth of 3,109 m. 
Calman examined specimens male, female, and young from the 
Mediterranean, taken at depths between 950 and 1,200 m. He did 
not find among them the rudimentary accessory flagellum of the first 
antenna, but only such as matched in length the first jomt of the 
principal. He gives the total length of the adult male as 6 mm., 
from which it may be inferred that the specimen described by Sars 
was at least as long when perfect, or probably longer. There is a 


The Sympoda. 157 


tendency throughout the genus Lewcon for the pseudorostrum in the 
male to be shorter than that in the female, but the difference is 
nowhere so extreme as in the sexes of ZL. longirostris, where the 
produced part is more than a third of the length of the carapace 
in the adult female, but only a fifth of that length in the adult 
male. 

The present species is unfortunately known only from a single 
adult male specimen, which differs, so far as can be determined, from 
the adult male of L. longirostris chiefly in the less-produced telsonie 
segment and the proportions and armature of the uropods. 

The outline of the pseudorostrum was not made out with precision. 
Integument squamose. Fifth pedigerous segment with procurved 
ventral spines. Telsonic segment with produced portion much 
instead of little shorter than the base. 

In the first antennee the third joint is shorter and much narrower 
than the second, and carries two slightly feathered sete ; the four- 
jointed principal flagellum has the first joint nearly as long as the 
three following combined, and carries on the outer margin approach- 
ing the middle a fascicle of sete ; the one-jointed accessory flagellum 
is narrower than the first joint of the principal, but about equal to it 
in length. The second antenne have the large last two joints of the 
peduncle fringed with tufts of short sete, which till resolved by 
high magnification look lke fringed single sete. 

The upper lip is only slightly emarginate. The mandibles are 
powerful. The palp of the first maxille ends in a single filament ; 
the second are without sete on much of the inner margin. The first 
maxillipeds have a long seta on the second joint, third joint absent, 
the fifth joint as long as the second and very setose, the sixth with 
a strong plumose seta overhanging the small seventh joint, which is 
tipped with a serrate spine. Second maxillipeds full-jointed; the 
third the same, its second joint broad, rather longer than the narrow 
following joints combined, with strong spines or sete on the fore- 
part of the apical border. 

First pereeopods broken, the second joint much narrowed distally, 
part of the margin fringed with sete. Second pair not elongate, 
its second joint rather longer than the remaining joints combined, 
the terminal joint not longer than the antepenultimate, fringed 
with a longitudinal series of five spines, and having its blunt apex 
armed with three long feathered seta-like spines. In these and the 
much shorter following pereopods the true third joint does not seem 
to be distinct from the long second joint. In the last three pairs the 
last four joints are all short, the last much the narrowest and tipped 


158 Annals of the South African Museum. 


with two smooth spines narrowed at about the middle of their 
length; long serrate spines are distributed on the other joints. 

The first pleopods have a peduncle considerably longer than that 
of the second pair, which has three slender spines on its inner 
margin; in both pairs the one-jointed inner ramus is a little shorter 
than the two-jointed outer; both rami are very small, and each 
carries six plumose setw. The peduncle of the uropods is a little 
longer than the first joint of the endopod, the inner margin fringed 
with numerous unequal slender spines, of which there are a few on 
the outer margin. The first joint of the endopod is more than three 
times as long as the second; its inner margin is fringed with over a 
score of serrate spines besides two or three of seta-like character at 
the top; beginning above the middle of the outer margin is a series 
of eight slightly plumose spines ; of these there are four on the outer 
margin of the second joint, which has its inner margin prettily 
fringed with eight little serrate spines, the apex carrying two stout 
spines, one short and one long, both microscopically serrate ; the 
exopod is a little shorter than the first joint of the endopod, and has 
five spines on each margin of its second joint, those on the inner 
slender and finely serrate ; there are four elongate spines on its apex. 

Length of the specimen about 5mm. Female unknown. 

Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles; depth 805 m.; No. 
12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


Faminy LAMPROPIDA. 


1882. Lampropide (part), G. O. Sars, Vid. Selsk. Forh. Christiania, 
No. 18) peak: 

1899. L. (part), G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. iu., p. 17. 

Pseudorostral lobes not strongly produced; all pedigerous seg- 
ments distinct; telson well developed, with more than two apical 
spines; both flagella of first antenna well developed ; second antenna 
of female more conspicuous than usual ; palp of first maxilla bisetose 
or with only one apical seta; first four pairs of pereopods with 
exopods, those of the female rudimentary on the third and fourth 
pairs; no pleopods in either sex; inner ramus of uropods three- 
jointed. 

This definition excludes the genera Hemilamprops and Para- 
lamprops, in which the male has three pairs of pleopods, but it 
admits a new genus Platytyphlops here described, and provisionally 


The Sympoda. 159 


allows the inclusion of another, Stenotyphlops, in which, however, 
only the female is at present known. The last is distinguished from 
its companions by having only one seta or apical filament on the 
palp of the first maxilla, and both the new genera are distinguished 
from Lamprops, Sars, 1862, by their blindness. 


PLATY TRY POR Sana. 


Carapace broad, depressed, eyelobe devoid of visual elements, 
pléon slender, telson carrying three apical spines. First antenna 
with the flagella long and nearly equal. Second antenna of female 
four-jointed. First maxilla with bisetose palp. In the male the 
first four pairs of persweopods have exopods; in the female the first 
two pairs are similarly furnished, but the third and fourth pairs have 
only microscopic rudiments of them. Fifth pair of pereopods 
rudimentary. Pleon in both sexes without pleopods. 

The generic name is derived from zAaréc, broad, in allusion to 
the character of the carapace, resembling that in the Platysympodide, 
and rupdww, blind-faced, to emphasise the fact that this is a blind 
genus in the family Lampropide, of which the typical genus was 
named from the brightness of the eyes. 

The comparatively large size of the specimens for which the genus 
is instituted makes it very improbable that the want of pleopods in 
the male and the dwarfed, apparently functionless, fifth pereeopods 
in both sexes, could be juvenile characteristics. Nevertheless, it 
had to be borne in mind that the specimen, 75 mm. long and 
apparently adult, for which Sars instituted Leptostylis manca, was 
entirely devoid of fifth perszeopods, and yet a specimen, 10°56 mm. 
long, was subsequently found by Dr. Zimmer to be provided with 
the limbs in question well developed (see Hamburger Magahaensische 
Sammelreise, Cumaceen, p. 9, 1902). Fortunately, however, in the 
present case doubt is to a great extent dispelled by the presence in 
the collection of a fragmentary specimen containing eggs in the 
marsupium, yet with the diminutive appendages on the fifth 
pedigerous segment. 


PLATYTYPHLOPS PERINGUEYI, 0. sp. 
Plates LVIII., LIX. 


Pseudorostral lobes short, upturned. Carapace rounded oval, a 
little longer than broad, the margin forming a sharp carina all round, 
fringed with microscopic pellucid overlapping scales. The sightless 
ocular lobe small, triangular; the frontal lobe broad ; the medio- 


160 Annals of the South African Museum. 


dorsal line from the front to a little beyond the middle convex and 
finely serrate ; near the end this carina is flanked by the commence- 
ment of a submedian pair of short carinze which rise each into a 
conspicuous rounded process and then gradually fade away towards 
the hind margin. The pedigerous segments combined are about 
half as long as the carapace, the first shorter and narrower than the 
second, the second and third raised in the middle but flattened and 
rounded at the sides, apparently overlapping subacute angles ; the 
fifth cylindrical, not wider than the long, narrow pleon, which 
greatly exceeds in length the preceding portion of the body. The 
telson, about as long as the fourth segment of the pleon, has the anal 
opening near the base, thence narrowing to the apex which is 
occupied by three spines, forming a kind of fan, with a lateral pair a 
little higher up; between these and the middle of the telson two 
other lateral pairs are placed, successively smaller. 

First antenna with long first joint, more than twice as long as the 
second, which is rather longer than the third, all three carrying 
plumose sete, flagella rather shorter than the peduncle, the principal 
flagelium five-jointed, the accessory four-jointed. In the female 
specimen the minute fifth joint of the principal flagellum appears 
to be succeeded by a still smaller sixth joint. In both sexes a couple 
of sete attached to the fourth and fifth joints have the usual annu- 
lated appearance. 

The second antenna of the female carries three plumose sete on 
the rather large first joint, one such seta on the small second joint ; 
the third joint is narrow, nearly as long as the first, with a small 
tooth near the base and a seta midway between that and the apex ; 
the fourth joint is very slender, but fully twice as long as the third, 
with some apical setules. In the male specimen the flagellum has 
the annulated appearance indicative of incomplete maturity. 

The upper lip has the free border a little emarginate. The spine- 
row of the mandibles consists of about thirteen spines. On the palp 
of the first maxilla the subapical seta is much shorter than the 
apical. The first maxillipeds have seven unequal loosely disposed 
bianchial sacs on the epipod, and two very small coupling spines on 
the basal joint. In the second maxillipeds the third joint is distinct. 
The third maxillipeds have the second joint not apically produced or 
widened, shorter than the remaining joints combined, the third joint 
short, distinct, the fifth longer than the sixth, apparently less so in 
the female than in the male, the seventh fringed with somewhat. 
adpressed spines, and, as it were, prolonged by an apical spine 
exceeding the length of the joint itself. 


The Sympoda. 161 


The first and second pereeopods are slender and elongate, with the 
full number of joints, the second joint in each shorter than the rest 
combined ; among these in the first pair the sixth joint is the longest, 
while in the second pair it is shorter than any except the third. In 
the remaining pairs the second joint is longer than the rest of the 
joints combined. The third and fourth pairs are alike in the two 
sexes, except for the minuteness of the difficultly discernible two- 
jointed exopods in the female; they have the sixth joint set forward 
on the truncate apex of the fifth, leaving room behind for insertion 
on that apex of the long spines by which the sixth joint is over- 
lapped. The minute fifth pair are probably vestigial; they are 
pellucid, and the last three joints are microscopic. 

The peduncle of the uropods is a little longer than the endopod, 
its inner Margin carrying numerous spines (9-13), the endopod on 
inner margin of its three joints having respectively 8-9, 3-4, and 2 
spines, besides an apical spine. The exopod, which is a little longer 
than the telson, reaches just beyond the base of the endopod’s third 
joint. 

Length of the specimens about 10 mm. 

Localities. No. 17585, Cape Point EH. by N. 29 miles; 17643, 
Cape Point N. $1° E. 32 miles. The specimens were sent by 
Dr. Péringuey, out of respect for whom the species is named. 

When describing this species and defining the genus, I felt con- 
vinced that Dr. Calman’s Platyaspis orbicularis (Fisheries, Ireland, 
Sci. Invest., 1904, I. [1905], p. 42, pl. 5, figs. 77-81) must be con- 
generic. That species, however, was founded on a specimen which 
did not extend beyond the first pedigerous segment. But quite 
recently (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 41, p. 631, figs. 29-39, 1912), 
with far more advantageous material, Dr. Calman has given a fresh 
description with numerous instructive figures, and_ provisionally 
transferred his species to the genus Paralamprops, He recognises 
that it is distinguished from that genus by the possession of a 
normal palp on the first maxilla, but having only female specimens 
at his disposal, he could not make use of the further distinguishing 
character that the male has no pleopods. At least this is the case 
if the nearly adult South African specimen of the new species may 
be trusted as establishing that character. The two species of the 
new genus are well distinguished by differences in the carapace, but 
in many respects they show very close agreement, and it was not till 
IT had studied Dr. Calman’s account of P. orbicularis that I was 
able, by renewed investigation, to make out the rudimentary exopods 
on the third and fourth peropods of P. peringueyi in the female. 

13 


162 Annals of the South African Museum. 


SLENOLIYPHERORS, a..2- 


Carapace narrow, eyelobe without visual elements, all five pedi- 
gerous segments conspicuous, pleon slender, telson carrying three 
apical spines. First antenna with both flagella elongate. Second 
antenna of female four-jointed. First maxilla with unisetose palp. 
First maxillipeds with terminal joint peculiarly widened at the base. 
In the female first and second perzeopods with exopods, third and 
fourth haying only microscopic rudiments of them. Fifth pereeopods 
apparently wanting. 

Male unknown. 

The generic name, from orevdc, narrow, and ru¢dw, blind-faced, 
is intended to indicate the many points of resemblance between this 
genus and Platytyphlops, although the typical species in one of the 
genera has a broad carapace, and in the other a narrow one. The 
present genus is further distinguished from its ally by having 
the palp of the first maxille furnished with a single apical seta or 
filament, and by what appears to be the unique conformation of the 
terminal joint in the first maxillipeds. The absence of the fifth 
pereeopods, as a negative character based on a single specimen, will 
naturally be accepted with reserve, but the degraded condition of 
those limbs in P. peringueyi is suggestive of a decline through 
inactivity to extinction. 


STENOTYPHLOPS SPINULOSUS, N. sp. 
Plate LX. 


The whole surface seems to be more or less densely sprinkled 
with minute spinules, among which are some that are rather larger, 
but the close reticulation renders it difficult to make out the 
arrangement. 

The pseudorostral lobes are slightly upturned, meeting in.a point 
well in advance of the little triangular eyeless eyelobe, from which a 
keel traverses the middle line far backwards, flanked somewhat 
behind the centre of the carapace by a pair of raised ridges. 
The general shape of the carapace is narrowly oval, with sides 
sharply inflexed. The five pedigerous segments, all dorsally con- 
spicuous, diminish gradually in width to the fifth, which is no wider 
than the slender pleon. The telson is about four-sevenths of the 
length of the peduncle of the uropods, inflated rather more than a 
third of its length for the anal opening, then converging to its three- 
spined apex, the margins serrate, and below the middle haying three 
pairs of spines, successively larger but none equalling the apical 


The Sympoda. 163 


trio; on the left side a small spine above the middle appears to have 
no counterpart on the right. 

The upper lip is emarginate. The lower lip has the lobes tipped 
with inward projecting points. The mandibles have a powerful 
molar and quadridentate cutting edge, accompanied on one of the 
pair by an accessory plate slightly smaller than the principal, and 
fourteen spines in the spine-row, of which the foremost six are 
feathered. On the other mandible there is no accessory plate, but 
one additional spine, the row not showing any feathering of the spines. 

The first maxille have the usual five spines on the inner plate, 
apparently eleven on the outer, the palp elongate, conspicuously 
with a single but very long apical seta. 

The first maxillipeds have the broad antepenultimate joint fringed 
with seven much-divided spines, the next joint broader than long, 
exceeded in length by the following joint, which is greatly expanded 
in its basal half but quite narrow in the terminal, the re-entering 
angle of the hind margin being beset with blunt teeth. The 
second maxillipeds are slender throughout, the second joint 
elongate, the third short, scarcely forming a complete ring. The 
third maxillipeds have the second joint curved, not apically widened 
or produced, longer than the five remaining joints combined, of 
which the fifth is the longest, the seventh short and narrow; the 
exopod is slender. The mutilated first perszeopod was probably of 
considerable length, the second is slender, with second joint not 
quite so long as the five following joints combined, among which the 
well-spined fifth is longer than the short sixth together with the 
needle-like seventh ; the exopod is smaller than that of the larger 
first pereopod. The third and fourth perzeopods are much shorter 
than the second, the second joint longer than the rest combined, and 
carrying near its origin a microscopic two-jointed exopod ; the fourtk 
joint about equals the fifth and sixth together, both of which carry 
long apical setee with annulated terminals; the seventh joint is 
almost spine-like but not very sharply pointed. Of fifth perzeopods 
no trace could be discerned. 

The uropods have serrulate margins ; the endopod, four-fifths the 
length of the peduncle, has a first joint about twice as long as the 
two following joints combined, the second being a little longer than 
the third, the spines on the inner margin being respectively ten 
three, and one; the exopod, which reaches nearly to the middle of 
the third joint of the endopod, has seta-like spines on both margins. 

Length of the specimen, 12 mm. 

Locality. Cape Point E. by N. 29 miles; No. 17585, sent by 
Dr. Péringuey. 


164 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Famity NANNASTACIDAL. 


1866. Nannastacide, Bate, Zoological Record (for 1865), vol. ii., 
p. 329. 

1900. N., G. O. Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i1., p. 79. 

1900. N., Stebbing, Willey’s Zoological Results, pt. 5, p. 611. 


Pseudorostral lobes with the anterolateral corners well defined ; 
all the pedigerous segments distinct; telson wanting; one eye or 
two eyes usually present; first antenna with accessory flagellum 
very small; second antenna of female small, indistinctly jointed ; 
mandibles normal; terminal joint of first maxilliped usually dilated ; 
exopods on first four pairs of perzeopods in the male, on none but 
the first two in the female; no pleopods in either sex ; inner branch 
of uropods simple. 

The family includes Nannastacus, Bate, 1865; Cumella, Sars, 
1865; Cumellopsis, Calman, 1905; Platycuma, Calman, 1905; 
Schizotrema, Calman, 1911; Diops, Paulson, 1875, being usually 
regarded as a synonym of Nannastacus, although this can hardly be 
justified except on the view that Paulson’s description and figures 
are misleading. With respect to the three-jointed second antenne 
of the female he is very explicit, as also in ascribing a single filament 
to the palp of the first maxilla. In 1911 Dr. Calman allotted six 
new species to Nannastacus all agreeing with N. suhmii, Sars, 1887, 
in having no exopod on the third maxilliped of the female. He was 
deterred from giving to this group a new generic designation by the 
further discovery that two of the species, N. reptans and N. tardus, 
had no exopods even on the first and second perwopods of the 
female. The case was complicated by the close resemblance of 
these species respectively to N. minor and N. agnatus, in which 
the first and second perzeopods of the female have well-developed 
exopods, the relationship being so near that Dr. Calman says ‘it 
must be admitted as quite possible that N. reptans may be merely 
wn individual variation or a phase in the life-history of N. minor, 
and that N. tardws may stand in the same relation to N. agnatus.” 
Under these circumstances it seems clear that N. reptans and N. 
tardus can be safely assigned to a new genus, Paranannastacus, in 
which the leading character is the absence of an exopod from the 
third maxilliped. This character they share with five other members 
of the group, from which they would eventually be separated in a 
family Paranannastacide, if or when it might be established that the 
unique feature of all the perseopods being devoid of exopods in the 
female was not accidental or temporary. 


The Sympoda. 165 


Gren. SCHIZOTREMA, Calman. 


1911. Schizotrema, Calman, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. xviii., 
pt. 4, pp. 341, 360. 


The leading character of the genus, to which it owes its name, is 
the circumstance that the exhalent respiratory orifices are paired and 
widely separated from each other. As, however, this feature is not 
confined to the present family, it is convenient to amplify the generic 
definition by some additional characters. As only females were 
known when the genus was first established, the absence of pleopods 
in the male had to be presumed, as well as the presence of exopods 
on the first four pairs of perzeopods in that sex. The pew species, as 
represented by a male specimen, confirms both of those anticipations. 
In the female the exopods are confined to the first two pairs of pereeo- 
pods, but both sexes have exopods on the third maxillipeds. There 
is no distinct telson, and the inner ramus of the uropods is one-jointed. 

In all the three forms already described the peduncle of the 
uropods is shorter than the inner ramus, so that the new species 
will be found to be conspicuously distinguished from them by having 
the rami of the uropods very much shorter than the peduncle. 


SCHIZOTREMA CALMANI, 0. Sp. 
Plate LXI. 


In lateral view the pseudorostral lobes are seen to be upturned, in 
dorsal aspect they are wide apart and slightly divergent. Following. 
what appears to be a small upturned eyeless eyelobe the median line 
of the carapace is finely denticulate and setulose throughout almost 
its whole length; the lateral margins are fringed with denticles for 
some distance, the teeth at first rather conspicuous but presently 
dwindling to disappearance. Owing to the smallness of the specimen 
and the texture of the integument, details of the carapace were not 
satisfactorily made out before dissection, and owing to its brittleness 
the result of dissection was in this respect equally disappointing. Of 
the pedigerous segments the last four have laterally flattened edges 
cut into teeth, all but the last being rather widely expanded. The 
pleon segments show lines of denticulation which are conspicuous 
both dorsally and ventrally on all but the telsonic segment, and also 
lateral ridges; the fifth segment is long and distally narrowed, the 
telsonic segment short. 

In the first antenna the first joint is much the largest, somewhat 
geniculate, and having a small distal tooth; the second joint is 
similarly furnished, and is longer than the third; the slender 


166 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


flagellum is indistinctly four- to five-jointed, and accompanied by 
three long filaments; the accessory is minute, perhaps two-jointed. 
The second antennz have the penultimate joint of the peduncle 
more than half as long as the following joint; both have ample 
brushes of sete; the flagellum, if compiete, is not extremely long. 

The mandibles have a narrow cutting edge, supplemented in one 
member by a narrow accessory plate, four to five spines in the 
spine-row, and a moderately strong molar. 

The maxilla were not clearly deciphered, but appear to be 
normal. 

The first maxillipeds show some seven branchial leaflets on the 
epipod; they have a broad antepenultimate joint fringed with 
pectinate spines, and the last joint very slender, not stumpy or 
elliptical as in certain species of Cumella and Nannastacus. The 
second maxillipeds have the third joint distinct, the three following 
joints broad, not elongate, the seventh very small. In the third 
maxillipeds the second joint is broad, rather longer than the follow- 
ing joints combined, carrying long plumose set on the free outer 
(not produced) part of its apical border, the third joint is missing, 
the fourth has long plumose sete on the distal part of its outer 
margin, the fifth is wider but a little shorter than the curved apical 
sixth, the seventh is slender, subequal in length to the fourth; the 
exopod is of moderate size. 

In the first pereeopods the second joint is shorter than the follow- 
ing joints combined, distally narrowed, the third joint is longer than 
broad, the fourth distally widened, half as long as the fifth, which is 
about three-fourths of the sixth; the slender seventh in length equals 
the fourth ; the exopod is larger than that of the third maxillipeds ; 
the following exopods successively diminish in size. The second 
pereopods have a second joint rather shorter than the following 
joints combined, little more than twice as long as its greatest 
breadth, its edges somewhat denticulate; the third joint is nearly if 
not quite obsolete, the fourth little longer than broad, the fifth twice 
and a half as long as the sixth but scarcely longer than the seventh. 
The third and fourth pereopods have the second joint narrowly 
piriform, the narrow end distal, the third joint well developed, the 
fourth short, the fifth longer than the sixth, the seventh very small, 
with a long unguis or curved spine. In the third persopod the 
second joint is longer but the fifth shorter than in the fourth pair. 
The fifth perzeopods are very slight in structure, the second joint 
longer than the rest combined, the seventh joint shorter than the 
third, the fifth a little longer than either the fourth or sixth. 


The Sympoda. 167 


The uropods have about thirty spinules or denticles on each of 
three edges of the peduncle, which is twice as long as the endopod. 
The latter has six good-sized spines along its serrate inner margin, 
some submarginal spinules, and a very long apical spine. The 
exopod, about four-fifths as long as the endopod, has a fairly long 
apical spine, but is otherwise slightly armed. 

The length of the single specimen, a male, is about 2°5 mm., thus 
being, although so small, considerably larger than any of the three 
species of the genus previously described. The specific name is 
given out of respect to Dr. Calman, who instituted the genus. 

Locality. Cape Natal distant N. by EH. 24 miles; depth 805 m. ; 
No. 12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


Famity PROCAMPYLASPIDAS, n. 


Telson wanting; no distinct eye; first antenna with accessory 
flagellum very small; mandible with narrow molar; second maxilla 
normal; first maxilliped with seventh joint small, unexpanded ; 
second maxilliped with strong teeth projecting from inner margin 
of the terminal joint ; exopods on first four pairs of perseopods of 
male, only on first two of female ; no pleopods in either sex; inner 
branch of uropods simple. . 


Gen. PROCAMPYLASPIS, Bonnier. 


1896. Procampylaspis, Bonnier, Ann. Uniy. Lyon, vol. xxvi., p. 541. 
1900. P., Stebbing, Willey’s Zool. Results, pt. 5, p. 611. 


This being at present the only genus, will have the characters of 
the family. In addition to the new species P. tridentatus, it con- 
tains P. armatus, Bonnier, 1896, with P. echinatus, Bonnier, of the 
same date, by Calman held to be a synonym of the preceding 
species; P. bonnieri, Calman, 1906, and P. compressus, Zimmer, 
1907, briefly described without illustrative figures. 


PROCAMPYLASPIS TRIDENTATUS, 0. Sp. 
Plate LXII. 


This genus is specially remarkable for the form of the last joint 
in the second maxillipeds. In the forms described by Bonnier as 
P. armatus and P. echinatus, which are considered by Calman to be 
one and the same species, this joint has in addition to its terminal 


168 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


unguis four stout teeth. The figures which Bonnier gives of these 
teeth under the two names are not precisely alike, but in his text he 
makes no allusion to the difference. The species now added to the 
genus has, however, only three teeth to this joint instead of four, 
and to that mark of distinction the specific name calls attention. 

The integument is conspicuously squamose. The pseudorostral 


ie 0? 


A. Procampylaspis — tri- 
dentatus in dorsal aspect. 

B. Carapace and _ parts 
of pedigerous segments in 
lateral aspect. 

ns. Line indicating 
natural size of specimen 
figured. 


lobes a little upturned meet for a short space in front of the 
narrow bidenticulate eyelobe; their margins in dorsal aspect are 
obliquely truncate and finely denticulate; they form a sinus, and 
after a bulge descend to a small antero-lateral tooth, which is fol- 
lowed at some distance by a similar tooth on the lower margin. 
The carapace is longitudinally well arched, not actually carinate, with 
scattered hairs and a little denticle behind the centre of the median 


The Sympoda. 169 


line, the denticle perhaps not constantly present. The pedigerous seg- 
ments narrow successively towards the pleon. The pleon segments 
are laterally, as so commonly in male Sympoda, bicarinate for the 
protection of the slender flagellum of the second antenna ; the fifth 
segment is distally narrowed, not very elongate, though much longer 
than any of the other segments, telsonic segment not longer than 
broad. 

First antenna with first joint geniculate, larger than second, 
second than third, flagellum slight, three-jointed, accessory minute, 
one-jointed. Second antenna with penultimate joint of peduncle 
more than half as long as the last joint, furnished with strong brush 
of sete; first joint of the long slender flagellum knobbed at the base. 

Upper lip not quite symmetrically bilobed. Lower lip with 
inward pointing apical tooth to each lobe. Mandibles with cutting 
plate and accessory finely dentate, spine-row of six spines, molar 
slender, with its narrow apex divided into about six close-set teeth, 
of which the hindmost is the strongest. First maxilla with only 
seven spines on apical margin of outer plate, palp with two very 
unequal apical filaments. Second maxilla with eleven seta-like 
spines distributed on its divisions. 

First maxillipeds having the large laminar antepenultimate joint 
bordered by six spatulate spines with an ordinary spine at the apex 
and followed by two short joints, of which the second is much the 
narrower and tipped with a slender spine. The proximal joints are 
not easy to distinguish, but between that which carries the two little 
coupling spines (the true second joint) and the laminar fourth joint 
there is an indication of an intervening third joint. The branchial 
elements of the epipod are numerous. The second maxillipeds have 
the second joint not twice as long as broad, with a plumose seta at 
the apex of its inner margin, a short third joint, the fourth as long 
as the fifth, with a plumose seta springing from a little prominence 
on the side where a Square marking gives a deceptive appearance 
of an articulation, the sixth joint is subequal to the fifth, the much- 
curved seventh has three strong teeth, the middle tooth the longest. 
The third maxillipeds have a powerful second joint, bent, much 
longer than the remaining joints combined, with three long plumose 
sete on the slightly produced outer apex, the third joint very small, 
the fourth much widened distally, the fifth much shorter than either 
the fourth or sixth, but longer than the narrow seventh. 

The first perseopods are remarkable because the third joint, which 
so often in appendages of the Sympoda gives trouble by its elusive 
smallness, here has a length equal to that of the inner margin of the 


170 Annals of the South African Museum. 


fourth or the outer margin of the fifth joint; the slender sixth is. 
about twice as long as the still more slender seventh. The exopods 
of the first four pereeopods, like those of the third maxillipeds, have 
the peduncular joint narrow compared with the stout second joint 
of the limb, while the first joint of the flagellum is unusually long, 
and at least in that of the first perazopods with a denticulate margin.. 
In the second perzopods the third joint is short but outdrawn to a 
conspicuous apical spine; the fourth joint is much stouter but not 
longer than the fifth, which together with the small sixth cannot 
make up the length of the slender straight seventh joint. The third 
pereopods have the stout second joint much narrowed distally, 
longer than the slender rest of the limb, in which the fifth joint 
is considerably the longest, the seventh almost spine-like. The 
fourth perwopods are very like the third, but with the second joint 
a little shorter and less narrowed distally, while the fifth joint is a 
little longer than in the preceding pair. The fifth persopods are 
very like the two preceding pairs, except for the absence of an 
exopod and the strikingly different second joint, which is very 
slender and not much longer than the fifth joint. 

The endopod of the uropods is rather less than two-thirds of the 
length of the serrately margined peduncle, and carries nine spines. 
on its inner edge, the apex having a large spine flanked by two. 
smaller ones; the much narrower and shorter exopod has a slender 
apical spine with a small one adjoining and a small spine or two on 
its inner edge. 

Length of the specimen 4°5 mm. 

Locality. Cape Natal distant N. by E. 24 miles; depth 805 m. ; 
No. 12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


Faminy CAMPYLASPIDA. 


1879. Campylaspide, G. O. Sars, Arch. Naturv. Kristian., vol. iv., 
pp. 6, 126. 
1900. C., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ii., p. 82. 

Telson wanting; first antenna with accessory flagellum very 
small; second antenna, of female imperfectly developed ; mandible 
with molar slender, acute; second maxilla an undivided plate ; first 
maxilliped of four joints, the last minute ; second maxilliped without 
strong teeth on inner margin of the terminal joint; exopods on first 
four pairs of pereopods of male, only on first two of female; no 
pleopods in either sex; inner branch of uropods simple. 


The Sympoda. 171 


Gen. CAMPYLASPIS, Sars. 
1865. Canpylaspis, G. O. Sars, Forh. Selsk. Christian. for 1864, 
p. 200 (75). 
1900. C., Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. ili., p. 83. 
This being at present the only genus, the characters of the family 
suffice for its definition. It contains twenty-three species, including 
the two here described as new. 


CAMPYLASPIS OVALIS, n. sp. 
Plate LXITI. 

This species, which agrees with C. vitreus, Calman, in the trans- 
parency of the integument and shares with that and C. macrophthal- 
mus, Sars, the possession of two long lateral keels on the carapace, is at 
once distinguished from the former by not having a transverse keel 
to divide the carapace dorsally into two compartments, and from the 
latter by having the eyelobe obsolete instead of peculiarly elongate. 
At first sight the species was suggestive of the genus Platycwma, 
Calman, but it proved to be generically distinct. 

The pseudorostral lobes are very briefly and obtusely produced in 
advance of a minute eyeless eyelobe. In dorsal view the carapace 
presents a flattened oval appearance, wider in front than behind. 
The oval is formed by the somewhat raised edges of a surrounding 
keel, the central part broadly convex, with a depression on either 
side and towards the rear. Another keel runs nearly parallel to the 
sinuous lower margin and not very distant from it. The sides of the 
cirapace below the upper keel are strongly inflexed, so as to leave 
only a long narrow opening occupied by the maxillipeds. The 
stomach appeared to be dilated with food, including foraminifera and 
what looked like the dentate fingers of some crustacean, the horny 
nature of which had defied digestion. The second to the fifth 
pedigerous segments successively narrowed and depressed have the 
lateral angles more or less rounded. The pleon segments show 
faint serration of the front angles, the fifth segment the longest, 
the telsonic pentagonal, the two combined not quite as long as the 
peduncle of the uropods. 

First antenna very small, flagellum three-jointed, its terminal 
joint and the one-jointed accessory flagellum minute. Second 
antenne those of a male not fully adult. 

Upper lip with obtuse-angled margin. Mandibles with the generic 
character. 

First maxilla with bisetose palp; on the inner plate one of the 


172 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


spines showed a tridentate apex. First maxilliped having very 
numerous branchial leaflets on the epipod, exopod very elongate ; 
terminal joint extremely small, attached at inner front angle of the 
preceding laminar joint. Second maxilliped with short but very 
broad second joint, rather longer than the remaining joints, distally 
narrowed, carrying a long feathered seta; from the very short third 
joint projects nearly at right angles a spine with a distally widened 
spear-like end, microscopically ciliated, similar to that described by 
Sars for C. macrophthalmus ; sixth joint not specially dilated, tipped 
with two spines and carrying a short curved seventh joint, which 
but for the attached muscles might pass for a spine. The third 
maxillipeds have the much-curved second joint about as long as the 
remaining serrate joints combined, the seventh joint very small. 

The first pereeopods are very like the third maxillipeds, but with 
all the joints rather longer, and the fifth rather longer than the 
sixth instead of the reverse. Second perszopods with second 
joint stout, not so long as the rest combined, the seventh rather 
longer than the fifth and thrice the sixth. Third perzeopods with 
second joint much narrowed distally, much longer than the rest 
combined, while in the fourth pair this joint about equals the others 
together. Fifth pair narrow throughout. 

Peduncle of uropods serrate on both margins, more strongly on 
the inner, about twice and two-thirds as long as the endopod, which 
has five spines on the inner margin and a terminal spine; the slightly 
shorter exopod is almost unarmed. 

The carapace, of immature male, measured 3°3 mm. long, by 
2°5 mm. broad. 

Locality. Cape Natal distant N. by EH. 24 miles; depth 805m. 
No. 12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


CAMPYLASPIS PHINEGLABER, 0. Sp. 
Plate LXIV. 


The specific name is applicable not only to the character of the 
carapace but also to the close affinity between this species and the 
Campylaspis glaber, described by Professor Sars, from Norway and 
the Mediterranean. The size, the shape, the mouth organs, and 
even so particular a feature as the arrangement of pellucid spots 
on the carapace seem to be in close agreement. On the other hand, 
against identification of the two species may be set the following 
differences. The South African species is rather larger, its carapace 
is not quite smooth, its eyelobe is differently shaped and without 


The Sympoda. 173 


any sign of lenses, its first antenne have a geniculate bulb at the 
base, in the second pereeopods the seventh joint is longer than the 
fifth and sixth joints combined, and the fifth perasopod, so far as can 
be judged from figures of the other species, is more slenderly built, 
with the second and fifth joints more elongate. 

The female of the present species is at present unknown. The 
carapace of the male is somewhat compressed, narrowly oval, in 
dorsal view having what may be called a high-shouldered appear- 
ance. The pseudorostral lobes are somewhat upturned, meeting 
for a short distance in advance of the narrowly oval, slightly pro- 
minent eyeless eyelobe, and in lateral view showing a very shallow 
sinus. On the front part of the carapace are various pimples, one 
pair of marked importance, but all difficult to observe except by 
turning the opaque white carapace at different angles to the light. 
When the carapace is divested of its contents the pattern on it of 
pellucid spots comes clearly into view. The first pedigerous seg- 
ment is almost concealed by the carapace, but the other four are 
distinct, with lateral ridges which are continued along the pleon. 
This is much shorter than the preceding part of the body, its last 
three segments together not much longer than the peduncle of the 
uropods. 

Both mandibles have the principal cutting-plate divided into six 
teeth. The first maxilla shows ten spines on the outer plate and four 
on the inner, the palp is long, ending in a single seta. The second 
maxilla has four slender spines on its single plate. The first maxilli- 
peds have the little terminal joint almost obsolete; the branchial 
epipod with a great number of leaflets. The terminal joint of the 
second maxillipeds appears to be bifid, as in the Norwegian C. glaber, 
not trifid as in the Mediterranean form. The figures will show the 
likeness of the third maxilliped and the first pereeopod to those of 
C. glaber, The second perzopod has the seventh joint longer than 
the fifth and sixth joints combined and has four short sete on each 
margin; the third and the shorter fourth pereeopods have the second 
joint narrowed at the apex. 

The peduncle of the uropod is about once and three-quarters the 
length of the endopod and twice as long as the exopod, with eight 
setze on its inner margin; the endopod has nine spines on the inner 
margin and a long apical spine; the exopod has a still longer apical 
spine, but for most of its length is unarmed. 

Length of specimen about 4:3 mm. 

Locality. Cape Natal N. by H. 24 miles; depth 805 m.; No. 
12605, sent by Dr. Péringuey. 


Cue) 


INDEX GENERUM ET SPECIERUM.* 


PAGE PAGH 
abbreviatus (Diastylis)............... 1550 AChalarostylis) n-npesssscncseseeeeeee ees 144 
abbreviatus (Ekdiastylis) ......... 155 | cingulatus (Diastylis) ............... 150 
acanthodes (Adiastylis), Plate LIII. 148 | cingulatus (Makrokylindrus) ...... 150 
AGIAS US eaceeeenn terete ceecmeree sree 146148") Coltmostvilidiess...-csesseeeceseseres 133, 146 
africanus (Sympodomma), PlateL. 138 | Colurostylis....................:ccesseees 146 
agnatus (Nannastacus) ............ 164 | compressus (Procampylaspis) ...... 167 
aileron (DIGStylis) ieeerecsscceae scents 147 | costatus (Adiastylis) .................. 148 
ampullaceus (Leptostylis) ......... 152)"|) (eostatus) ((Diastylis)) se-c-cs.eceeees-s- 148 
anomalus (Leucon ?) ............0s0.06 138 | costatus (Gynodiastylis) ............ 147 
anomalus (Sympodomma) ......... 138 | crassicauda (Leptostylis) ............ 153 
anomalus (Vaunthompsonia ?)...... 1385 |) crassipess(iphinos) i tncrsq-cs--.-e asl 140 
antipus (Leptostylis)................ 153 | cristatus (Hemilamprops) ......... 144 
aretiosus (Bodotria) ............... NBO IL |) CHI). saabondoobodaakeKaccoage pee cnoen. 141, 146 
argentatus (Diastylis) ............+0 ANE) ya CPUC EC tr rsinteatslciote vole eines so eioer-sceieeee 129 
argentatus (Ekdiastylis) ............ IMey  Chunmavell eye eAccecnerendoedoaders 129, 164, 166 
ALIMEG US) (MASS) Pes eceoeepenceeeeee TZ” || Cioban(allloynicviss sceconecapoanouacconoccsboe 164 
armatus (Procampylaspis) ......... Gif) CUMIOPSIS. 4-000 ols decoeaescaeeenetec cs 140 
asper (Paralamprops) .............. Tl CyiclaSpisi.. s--<csccuassopanemceoreneeee 140 
assimilis (Hemilamprops) ......... TAA | Cyclaspoides <-<...-.ceeqtesees-eeceen ae 140 
australis (Bodotria), PlateLI.p ... 142 

: Diastylide ...g-cc.cacenstoteren seco 133, 146 
Bathy cuimiay geecccs-eercseeceers sce Who. | Wiastylis\sc2.c0-<ccs. << soeececaeen es 146, 147 
bicristatus (Gynodiastylis) ......... 147. |) Diastyloides 27..-conesseose- see heees 146 
biplicatus (Eudorellopsis)............ 129") Diastyloidids ts. s.c-csesssneoestece 133, 146 
Bod otniasees: caossreee ee ener 1295136, 140) | Diastylopsis) geseccseceeteecscesees 146, 147 
Bodotnindes ses--csssmaeeeee: TS LSBs BAO DICT so crence cnet carioesioneceeneesseceen 147 
bonnieri (Procampylapsis) ......... UGG | Dicidee. sacs sis icsedepiisecemsasiscsisle smee 133, 147 
borealis (Leptostylis) ............... 153 | diomede (Heterocuma) ............ 138 
brachyurus (Platysympus) ......... 144 | diomedex (Sympodomma) ......... 138 
brevipes (Iphinoé) ..............0...0+ TAO A DLOPS ite. eb ct gon oiereaaeeteneerstlesanneess 164 
brevirostris (Bathycuma)............ 1B5| dubia (Diastylops7s)\wearrecceeceseceoe 150 
brevirostris (eucon)) S.cness-.-esee 135 | dubius (Makrokylindrus) ............ 150 
caca (Vaunthompsonia)............ 135, 137 | echinatus? (Procampylaspis) ...... 167 
Calmamis (DiC) Reeeesecss eee eeseesensees WAY | Yeduandsi (Cuma) eeseeter seme see soe 141 
calmani (Schizotrema) Plate LXI. 165 | Ekdiastylide.................. 133, 146, 155 
Campylaspidie tte. -caecsc--eensesees 1335 170) ||| Hikdiastylisnessecnes-cesseoress reser 146, 155 
Campylaspis aes cece ceereeeeeee eee AS | SW eptostvliste-scasseesee sss eee. 146, 153 
carinatus (Gynodiastylis)............ 147 | elegans (Chalarostylis) ............... 144 
CeratOCum a,” oe smsance- nesses eeeeeeee 142 | elongatus (Bathycuma) ......... 135, 137 
Ceratocumatidee ...........: LSI S354 HOCUM Ass ecemrseseecnaecess seine seaeeee 140 
Cer atocumid CI wescessse- screener eee 142 | erinaceus (Diastylis)..............2... 150 


* Names printed in italics are such as are not accepted in the classification of the 
present treatise. A note of interrogation signifies that the name originally was, or 
still is, of doubtful validity. 


Index. 175 
PAGE PAGE 
erinaceus (Makrokylindrus)......... 150 | longipes (Adiastylis) ................+ 148 
Ipyeelorrale, Geocascooasconoucucoobodobace 155 | lonsipes (Diastylis) <2. 2-2. .01-..c0-2- 148 
Hudorellopsistacescassecseeencesee sas: 155 longirostris (Bathycuma) ............ 135 
longirostris (Leucon) ...............66 156 
ferox (Pseudodiastylis).............6+ 146 
fimbriatus (Diastylis) ............6+ 155 | macrophthalmus (Campylaspis) .... 171 
fimbriatus (Ekdiastylis) ............ 155 | macruroides (Leptostylis), Plate 
fragilis (Makrokylindrus), Plates 1 BN paenanecacnteno crac capencbcdccbaneonc 153 
IN Ae a EAS pontine san eadoocucadqonooceo 150 | macrurus (Leptostylis) ............... 153 
Makrokylindrus ...... 129, 146, 148, 150 
GaUSSiCUMA, Feassesoesetecaceesemescne BAS anew (DiasGy lis) \ca-mascesmecsees aces: 153 
(stink (ORTTI09 \eoooccaddbococe cocbodsngsoa0G0 146 | manca (Leptostylis) .............. 153, 159 
Bayi (Holostylis)) “sJjecseucennse- sores 146 | mancus (Leptostylis)  ............66 153 
gibbus (Bodotria) ......0...0s0++0++-. 141 | minor (Leptocuma) ............0..6+ 133 
glaber (Campylaspis) .........+6+ 172, 173 | minor (Nannastacus)..............0«- 164 
gracilis (Leptostylis) ............0++6+ 153 | montagui (Bodotria), Plate LLa... 141 
Gynodiastylids ........6...sccerees 133, 146 | mystacinus (Diastylis) ...........0++ 155 
Gry MOGIASLYIIS secmes-escerrecsecceetena 146 | mystacinus (Ekdiastylis) ............ 155 
helleri (Diastylis) ......sccccecseeceees 146 | Namnastacidae ..........+.-00-.00+ 133, 164 
helleri (Holostylis) .............0e00 146 | Nannastacus ...........0+0.s0 129, 164, 166 
Hemilampropide@ .....,......sceeee 133, 143 | natalensis (Bathycuma), Plate 
Hlemilampropst s.ccecenecceeoseesiens 144,158 | XDIX, ......ee eects sees eece seen eee 135 
femil eucOneiscscrceeessnessieeewseienteisse 155 | normani (Hemilamprops)............ 144 
Hemileweonidet.c.ccqconsecssslencte ee 133, 156 | 
Heterocuma,  ..........1.seecesseeeooees 140 | occidentalis (Colurostylis?) ......... 146 
EleterOleUCONaesc-se-s-casecenesecns= 155, 156 | orbicularis (Paralamprops) ...... 144, 161 
Heteroleuconidee ...........6.. ,...133, 156 | orbicularis (Platyaspis) ......... 144, 161 
hexaceros (Diastylis)..........s0sc0e0 155 | orbicularis (Platytyphlops) ......... 144 
hexaceros (Ekdiastylis)..............- 155 | ovalis (Campylaspis), Plate LXIII. 171 
Holostylidtemisce-se-eessieeseneceerass 11335, 146 |) Oxyurostylidge: .°..-.2.---...-ss-0ce 133, 146 
TELOOSANIE) —cancsnaqecoodsoodananocen006 WAG MN OxyarostyliS ncecctse-ecreeseremesecr 146 
holti (Platyc umes) eset sctseceesteasees 131 
horrida (Ceratocuma) ........6....6 143 | le eld (Campylaspis), Plate 
horridus (Ceratocuma) ............... 143 IEDSIIAYS, copnonceaoabacooan sosdoobadéaa000 172 
horridus' (Drascylis)eectsscsceseeanete 155 Pea ae BEER CROC OC CE EC OnO gee 146, 147 
horridus (Ekdiastylis) ............... 155 | Paralampropidte.....c.:.0ss-> 0-0 133, 143 
ParalainPLrOpSecsea-eseescesoscecesses 148, 158 
INSi@NIS  (Didstylis)eecerosccosesese ses 5p |) Paral cu conterssscteccesssceseesres-cneas 155 
insignis (Ekdiastylis)............+..0+ 1155) ||) Ramaleuconidaay eaeseocsesceonsecess 133, 156 
APHIN OCS. s seeseewess amet eeeteeem cre 140 | Paranannastacus ..........cesc0...00 164 
parvus (Bodotria) ................000++ 141 
josephine (Diastylis).........ss.s0e00 150 | pellucida (Hemilamprops)...........+ 144 
josephinw (Makrokylindrus) ...... 150 | pellucidus (Hemilamprops), Plate 
IBID I Beereeececheneasaesdsscaboo sedutiods 144 
kalluropus (Leucon), Plate LVII. 156 | peringueyi (Platy typhlops), Plates 
kinbergii (Leptocuma) .............6+ 133 iG) 74) 0 Ol ee Wl, CR eee) co cachemeae 159, 162 
ll Seetalosnmaiaae at tia teeeumieeie 129 
levis (Gynodiastylis) ............... ATW Planta cispotdiaz ies seaeeeeeeeee sate esssece 144 
TAM PrOpideercecrerascesencsee- BBY ae BY astsh | eNenAT lV OUS cooueoencesbanaqcoddc aos6nc 144, 161 
[DPSIA NAO} NEH caodooccopsdonocadcscaddcodacc 159M Platycuiala ce-seeecscss-ceseccseesees 164, 171 
TheptOCUMa (c.cereeccecteerteeees icles == 133 | Platysympodide ...... 133, 143, 144, 159 
Leptocumatidee ..............2--.--+-+- 133) | MEL ALY SYTOD US eee s ccc stesnescisecee cts 143 
Wueptostylis” “ascectssesse ences 129, 146, 152 | Platytyphlops ...-........... 158, 159, 162 
IBTEWIELEYO,  GanuecoocodoogoudbacHooe 136, 155, 156 | politus (Diastylis) ..........c.ceseeeees 155 
Teconidteyecsmeacemesceernenecte sess 133, 155 | politus (Ekdiastylis) ...............4 155 
longicaudata (Bathycuma) ......... 135 | Procampylaspidee .................. 133, 167 
longicaudatus (Adiastylis) ......... 148))| (Procwmpylaspis: 2. cccs-cce-- ssc nessc- 167 
longicaudatus (Bathycuma) ......... 135 | productus (Leptostylis) ............... 153 
longicaudatus (Leptostylis) ......... 148 | Psetudocuma .........-0-cessseereenees 133 
longimanus (Diastylis) ........0006... 152 | pseudocuma (Colurostylis) ......... 146 
longimanus (Leptostylis) ............ 152 | Pseudocumatide 133 


176 
PAGE 

IPSCUCOCUNULE meatactecoue tceee eee 133 
Pseudodiastylide ..........0000+... 133, 146 
Rseudodiaisty lisse eerste ct-scseeercemcecr 146 
Rseud oleweonperssc-eeevermectcease see: 155 
pulchellus (Bodotria).................. 141 
pulex (Bodotria) ..........c2s0se.cen 141 
reptans (Nannastacus) ...........060 164 
reptans (Paranannastacus) ......... 164 
roseus (Hemilamprops)............... 144 
SavSi (MOCUMIA)) se. encase selects 140 | 
SChizourem anes. os. cestecccececeeeer: 164, 165 
scorpioides (Bodotria) ............ 130, 141 
sculptus (Diastylis) .............0008 146 
sculptus (Ekdiastylis) ............+6. 146 
serratocostatus (Paralamprops) 143 
siamensis (Bodotria) .................. 141 
Similis ((BODOMIA)) seaseneceesecece sence 141 
smithi (Oxyurostylis).............0.0. 146 
spectabilis (Cyclaspis) ...........-..- 140 
spinulosus (Stenotyphlops), Plate 

ILPX, scsopbgobassbansnonqoocoosunasancHnoc 162 
Stenotypllopssatemeeenecsastctersens 159, 162 
Ste PHAMOMIMMANN s. cacao selsoeeacssees 140 
sublevis (Bodotria).............0....00+ 141 


Index. 


PAGE 
suhmii (Nannastacus) ...........-... 164 
IS Ayal CLO |e oe ven non nabapH ban Conssanconosads 129 
SiyMpPOM OMIM Aeaeecceescoseesereces 138 
Sympodommatide ......... 131, 133, 138 
tardus (Nannastacws).............00000 164 

| tardus (Paranannastacus) ......... 164 
tricinetus (Diastiylis))-a2-.2ss..--2-ce06 147 
tridentatus (Procampylaspis), 

I EAKH ep BD. Vaca spenctooonecanocostar 167 
tubulicaudal(Dic) ip sescaccegecceeeereee 147 
typicus (Platysympus) ............... 144 
uniplicatus (Hemilamprops)......... 144 
Vaunthompsonia ............:0..en00 135 
Vaunthompsoniide ......... 131, 133, 134 
villosus (Leptostylis) ..............0.. 153 
vitreus (Campylaspis) ............00+ 171 

| walkeri (Ekleptostylis) ............... 153 
walkeri (Leptostylis) .........s0...00 153 
weberi (Heterocuma ?) ..........0000 138 

| weberi (Sympodomma) .............. 138 
zimmeris(Iphinoé)) <<.s-.eec~%ee.-o-%. 140 
Ai SOsipNOMeassrccesecescesenseececscs a 140 


The systematic position of Pachystylis rotundatus, Hansen, 1895, 
and of some other important species remains for the present inde- 


terminate. 


For Colurostylis (?) occidentalis, Calman, the new 


generic name Anchicolurus is proposed, and Kroyer’s Cuma resima 
is transferred from Diastylopsis to a new genus Brachydiastylis in 


the family Diastylide. 


HXPLANATION OF | PLATES. 


14 


Prats XLIX. 
Bathycuma natalensis, n. sp. 


n.s. Line indicating natural size of specimen figured below in lateral view. 

car., car., tels. Dorsal view of carapace and telsonic segment, the lower figure i 
car. being a more highly magnified view of part of the carapace slightly ( 
flattened, showing distal portion of right pseudorostral lobe, the little 


triangular eyelobe, and part of the frontal lobe. i 
a.s., a.i., plp. First antenna, proximal part of second, and one of the pleopods, 
more highly magnified than the preceding figures, but less than the 
following figures which are to a uniform scale, except that the flagella of 
the first antenna, and some spines of the first maxilliped are more highly 

magnified than any of the other figures. 
m. Mandible. 


mxp. 1, 2,3. First, second, and third maxillipeds, the third without its exopod 
and ending with the third joint. 


prp. 1, 2,5. First pereopod, ending with the second joint; second peieopod, 
without its exopod; fifth persopod. 


urp. Uropods, with second joint of endopod supplied from a separate specimen. 


Crustacea Plate XLIX. 
Plate. 1. 


Aer, o.Ate Meus sVolex. 


f 


7 ¢ 
yy 
EN A Oh 


f 
Lv 


‘| 


rf 


SS 


ay 


West, Newman lith. 


Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. 


BATHYCUMA NATALENSIS, 7. sp. 


Prate L. 
Sympodomma africanus, n. g. et sp. 


n.s. Line indicating natural size of male specimen figured below. 
car. Carapace and pedigerous segments in dorsal aspect. 

oc. Ocular lobe and eye more highly magnified. 

a.s. First antenna, with higher magnification of the small flagella. 


m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, 2,3. Mandible, first and second maxilla, first, second, 
ae third maxillipeds, with higher magnification of spine-teeth on the 
prp. 1, 2. First and second perseopods, exopod of second only partially figured. 
plp. 1. First pleopod. 
urp. Left uropod in connexion with telsonic segment dorsally viewed. 
All the appendages are drawn to a uniform scale. 


Plate II. 


Crustacea Plate L. 


Ann. S. Afr. Mus.Vol. X. 


Del .T.R.R.Stebbing. 


West, Newman imp. 


7.g. €l Sp. 


SYMPODOMMA AFRICANUS, 


io ae eos 

5 32 Ov z oe . @ 
ap) , : : ms " © 
us = -_ = 


hy 


7% 
i 


w » 7 
“i 7 7 
_ : 
> 
io er ofan - 
' a te 
ft t a! : : _ 7: 
i“ 1? ihe 
y 7h 
. . 
a hy . 7 
‘wal ie 7 a - 
. or es 
i we ty. oe a i 
- ~~ 
} = 3 
: = a _ _ } 
‘as - - : 
7 — 
P 
a 
oe ; - 
rr 
ad 
Biz 
- 7 ap ra) 
- : 7 af : - 
ate a 
7 
7 _ ss 
a - = 
- ; 
7 = ne i ‘ 
7 ol - 
- » - - 
a 


Puate LI.a. 
Bodotria montagui, n. sp. 


n.s. Line indicating natural size of female specimen figured below in lateral view. 
D. Dorsal view of carapace and pedigerous segments. 


T.s., urp. Telsoniec segment, with left uropod, in dorsal view, on a higher scale 
than the preceding figures, but uniform with the rest, except for still 
higher magnification of the uropod’s rami. 


a.s.,ai. First and second antenne. 
mxp. 2, mxp. 3. Second and third maxillipeds. 
prp. 1, 2, 4,5. First, second, fourth, and fifth perropods. 


Puate LI.s. 
Bodotria australis, n. sp. 


n.s. Line indicating natural size of female specimen in the adjoining figure. 
D. Dorsal view of carapace and pedigerous segments. 
car. Carapace flattened out. 


T.s., urp. Telsonic segment, with left uropod, in dorsal view, on a higher scale 
than the preceding figures, but uniform with the rest, except for still 
higher magnification of the uropod’s inner ramus. All the figures of this 
species agree as to scale with those of the preceding species. 


a.s. First antenna. 
mxp. 2, mxp. 3. Second and third maxillipeds. 
prp. 1, 2,4, 5. First, second, fourth, and fifth perseopods. 


= 


Plate Ml, 


Crustacea Plate Li. 


UNaaay, 9). Abe, IMGouS Well De 


West, Newman lith. 


Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. 


B. BODOTRIA AUSTRALIS, vz. sp. 


A. BODOTRIA MONTAGUI, 7. sp. 


PratEe LII. 
Hemilamprops pellucidus, Zimmer. 
n.s. ¢. Line indicating natural size of male specimen figured below, with more 
highly magnified part of dorsal crest. 


T. ¢, urp., T. 2, urp. Telson and left uropod of the male, and telson and right 
uropod of the female. 


as. g,ai. $5 as. ?,a.i. 2. First and second antenne of the male, and of the 
female. ; 


prp. 2, ¢, prp. 3, ¢. Second and third perseopods of the male. 


prp. 1,3, 4,5, ?. The first, third, fourth, and fifth pereeopods of the female, the 
first shown only to end of second joint. 


plp. Pleopod of male, with higher magnification of the rami. 


. 


Ammo. Ate. Mas Vol_X.. Crustacea Plate LIL. 
Plates lve 


Del.T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman imp. 


HEMILAMPROPS, PELLUCIDUS, Zimmer 


is 2 ‘ * = 7 ¥ 7 : { 
es ‘ 
oe A = 

2 = i 

=3 7 i he - - j 

7 5 7 
* 3 . = 
1 Dsl 
Wa 


a * 


Prate LITI. 
Adiastylis acanthodes, n. sp. 


n.s. Line indicating natural size of male specimen figured below. 


car. Part of the carapace in flattened dorsal aspect, showing armature of the pseudo- 
rostral projection and indicating shape of the eyelobe and frontal lobe. 
The carapace was too much damaged to afford a satisfactory view of all 
its spines and spinules. 


ped.s.1. Part of front margin of first pedigerous segment. 


T. urp. Dorsal view of pleon segments 4-6 and the telson with one of the uropods 
in position. 


a.s., a.i. First and second antenne. 


ls.,m.,m. Upper lip and mandibles, the distal half of one, the other complete, 
with higher magnification of the apical portions. 


mxp. 1-3. The three maxillipeds, omitting the branchial epipod of the first. 
prp. 1-5. The five pereopods, the first defective after the second joint. 
plp. 1, 2. The first and second pleopods, each with higher magnification. 


All the parts are drawn to the same scale, with added figures on a higher scale 
for the mandibles and pleopods. 


Crustacea Plate LIII. 
Plate V. 


ian aS Acie, Mires Voll - 


Ge 


< 


>= 


sa 
™, 


x 
eae 
In 


BN 


f \ 


pepe 


West, Newman imp. 


Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. 


AVD VAS TYMES AGAIN T HOD Sie 72. sp: 


Prater LIV. 
Makrokylindrus fragilis, n. g. et sp. ?. 


n.s. ¢. Line indicating natural size of female specimen figured below. 
car. Carapace of the same specimen in dorsal view. 


T. urp. Telson in connexion with two preceding segments and one of the uropods 
more highly magnified, on the same scale as the antenne and pereopods. 


a.s.,a.l. First and second antenne. 


Ls., m., mxp. 2. Upper lip, mandible, and second maxilliped, more highly 
magnified than the other appendages. 


, 


m’. Apex of mandible with accessory plate from another specimen. 
mxp. 2’. Pair of second maxillipeds on the same scale as the perwopods. 
prp. 1-5. The five pereopods, the first defective from end of second joint. 


prp. 2’. Part of second pereopod from another specimen. 


Crustacea, Plate LIV. 
Pilate Wilk 


Amnm. S7 Ate. Mus Vol. xX. 


ee 


West, Newman imp. 


Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. 


MAKROKYLINDRUS FRAGILIS, 7.9 e¢ sp. 


Puate LY. 
Makrokylindrus fragilis, n. g.et sp. ¢. 


r. 3. Terminal lobes of male pseudorostrum; all the figures on this plate 
magnified to a uniform scale with the mouth organs on the preceding 
plate. 


a.s.,a.i. First antenna and peduncle of second, with beginning of flagellum. 


mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, mxp. 3. First and second maxille, first maxilliped without 
the large branchial epipod; third maxilliped without its exopod. 


prp. 4. Fourth peropod without its exopod. 
plp. 1. First pleopod. 


Plate VIL. 


Crustacea Plate LV. 


a ook irGs Mol x. 


— 


ee EIR SS See ; 


os 
x 
E 


< 


West, Newman imp. 


Del .T.R.R.Stebbing. 


MAKROKYLINDRUS FRAGILUIS, ng. e¢ sp. 


Prats LVI. 
Leptostylis macruroides, n. sp. 


n.s. Line indicating length of the male specimen figured below. 

ear. Part of carapace more highly magnified. 

T. Telson in dorsal view, in connexion with the sixth segment of the pleon. 
a.s., a.i. The first antenna, and peduncle of the second. 


ls., l.i., m. Upper and lower lips and mandible, this last with apical plates more 
enlarged. 


mxp. 2, mxp. 3. Second and third maxillipeds. 

prp. 1, 2, 3, 5. First three and fifth perseopods, first only to end of second joint. 

plp. 1, plp. 2. First and second pleopods, each with the rami in further 
magnification. 

urp. The uropod (exopod broken) in attachment to the sixth pleon segment 
shown along with the telson in lateral view. 


All the parts are drawn to the same scale, except the above-mentioned portions of 
the mandible and pleopods. 


Annes. wie. Wis. Vola xX, Crustacea Plate LVI. 
Plate VIIL. 


Del. T.R.R.Stebbing . ™~ West, Newman imp. 


LEPTOSTYLIS MACRUROIDES, x. sp. 


Pratt LVILI. 
Leucon kalluropus, n. sp. 


ns. Line indicating length of male specimen figured below. 
a.s.,a.i. First and second antenne more highly magnified. 
l.s., m. Upper lip; mandible. 


mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, 2,3. First and second maxille; first, second, and third 
maxillipeds, the first with only fragments of its epipod and exopod. 


prp. 2, 3, 4, 5. * Second, third, fourth, and fifth pereeopods. 

plp. 1, 2. First and'second pleopods. 

urp. Left uropod in attachment to the telsonic segment, with further enlargement 
of spines on the endopod. 


With exception of the last-mentioned spines, all the parts are magnified to a 
uniform scale. , 


Crustacea Plate LVI. 
Plate 1X. 


Ann. S. Afr.Mus.Vol.X. 


a 


aes 
aa 


a a 
Any 
f 
{ 
i 


. 5 


VE SSL g Z 
eS 


j ) 
/ 


a 


West, Newman lith. 


Del.T.R.R.Stebbing. 


LEUCON KALLUROPUS, x. sp. 


i } ! : . 
- 1 - 
oa i 
. = 
: 
| : 
: : ® 7 : oe ®, ; 1 . 
Pi = : ; ‘ 
it : , . 
i ‘ ; 
f ; 
nm : 
. j y — Py oo ss 
i o- 4 7 _ p Gta 


: = a : 
; r- 
_ 7 a - 
7 7 ‘ 
7 7 7 : a 7 
1 7 7 7 a) 
7 - 7  -£ 
7 7 - : 7 
vs 1 S 
: - a - = 
oe uh 
5 at) 
f] 5 > 
7 = 
7 ‘ = 4 
7 omni} , - 
- a + 7 = 
. 7 ao 
> 
» 7 = 
> 
7 a _ 7 - ke 
7 
7 = 
- 
+ 
7 ' 
a = 
=a 
| 
1 /- 
> : — ' 
a a — _ 
- 1 
=~ en : - 
- 7 - == @ “ Ve 
A) a 1 * 7 bes 
. 
7 - = ‘ + 
- 7 _ 4 
oo , i _ ' , 
a : ‘ ni) : 
- 7 ty ¢ 
i i 
= 1s i - 
_ r A bf 2 + 


7 he 
- , i 7 1 
_ - 
- eo 
° = . = 
= 7 
7 4 ‘ - 
7 
= 7 > ‘yy. i af 
*® ¥ ’ 
=) =_— 
ny = 7 
7 a 
, > 7 a a 
' ; 4 ; - 
: ; =) 
~—— 
1 
- 
- 
>= = = 
= # <=) a os 
7 7 7 
@ 7 _ 
a 1) - 
= = ~« - 
7 ob 7 
: 7 ; - 
ft : 7 7 : _ 
| > 
; - - a 
~~ 
- 7 7 a a 
_ a 
_ : - 
i > - 
a > - yp 
* = 7 : sa ae 
on 7 - 
, . 7 - , 
a > : 
= 7 A - 
_ - + 
= ‘ag 
. - - Dans ' 
He - 2 an 
. na —_ - a 
7 : 
- 5 - 7 


ra 


Pratt LVIII. 
Platytyphlops peringueyt, n. g. et sp. 


n.s. @. Line indicating actual length of female specimen figured in about three- 
quarter view, showing both of the first antennz and of the uropods, but 
only one member of each pair for the third maxillipeds and the five 
pereopods. 


C.D. Dorsal view of the carapace followed by pedigerous segments and first pleon 
segment. 


T.V. Ventral view of telson, more highly magnified. 


as., ai. First and second antenne, with tip of first and whole of second much 
more highly magnified. 


Ls., l.i., m., m., mx. 1. Upper lip, half of lower lip, parts of the two mandibles, 
and first maxilla. 


mxp. 1, 2,3. First, second, and third maxillipeds. All the mouth organs magnified 
to the same scale. 


sp. mxp. 1. Spines of first maxilliped more highly magnified. 


Ann.S. Afr. Mus.Vol.X. Crustacea, Plate LVIII. 
Piste 


Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman imp. 


PLATYTYPHLOPS PERINGUEYI, 7.g. et sp. 


Pruate LIX. 
Platytyphlops peringueyi, n.g. et sp. 


C. Front of carapace flattened, with high magnification of part of the margin. 


prp. 1, 2, 3, 4. First four perreopods of the female, with rudimentary exopod of 
the third pereopod more highly magnified. 


Pl.s. 3, ¢,7T., urp. Dorsal view of male pleon from third segment to the end 
including telson and uropods. 


as.,ai.,ls, ¢. First and second antenne and upper lip of male, with much 
higher magnification of the tips of the flagella of the first antenna. 


m., mxp. 3, prp. 2, 3, 4,5 ¢. Mandible, third maxilliped and last four pereeopods 
of male, the fifth perseopod attached to its segment, and separately more 
highly magnified. 


The appendages of male and female on this plate are all drawn to the same scale. 


Aces Are: Minis. Vol. xX Crustacea Plate LIX. 
Plate: Soe 


dy 
iG 
SK 


3 


Del.T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman imp. 


IDILVAIINGUNAPTSUEIONZ Ss) IPIIRUUN(EAUIO NAIL, Yexen ar yeh 


eS 


of 


= 


a 
: : 
ia 
- ~ 
=e 
: _ - 
7 | Jee 
_ 
a _ 
7 A 1 
bi 
_ . 
7 > 
so 
a -_ 7 
= ae 
a 
> 7 | 
7 
' 
a 4 
A 
: : 
: - 
i 
, a 
7 
if : : 
a) = 
co 
- 1 ~ 
; 
a - 
7 ay) a 
ed if 
e 7 = 
Ry: 
is - 7 
‘ 
- ‘ 
/ _ 
“s 
_— 


- : : us 4) => . 
Pal 
> : 
7 
- 
- 
a > - 
v -_ = - 
Ds = = - 
: 7 io ; 
_ 
- a’ + 
De os 7 - 
* : 
rw f 7 : 
_ —_ _ _ - 
7 - se - eo @ 
: = 
y > 
- 
| 
: ; ’ 
: - «i 
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> & a 
2 ; : 
is - 7 
a 
= — 
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te 9 SS 
- " 
ee a 
: a Pa 
; 7 
4 a . 4 
i> * : 
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v 
i an 1¥ 7 
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a = : : ; } a 
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= : 3) 
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7 ' - 
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. 1) 7 
: . i - a 
t > r 
: _ : >» 
7 7 : a 
mt - : : ad ® a 
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oe a 
‘ a 
a wee 
a . 7 ay - : 
wt = : 
i 7 i 
7 
7 ae 
x : a 
7 = 2 = 
_ ° > one 
= _ i a) 
a 7 o ‘ 
a - 
o 7 and - ; _ 
_ —_—™ wy - 
7a ; 
_ => 
7 _ = = 7 7 
- 1 
- 
=n o 
7 : 
7 1 
- ; 7 
i¢ 
- 7 7 fae th = if - 
— : a 
- 
i oe , ’ 
iM “ a re a 7 
- ie 
- 7 
Zz) 
: _ 
- 
LL. aad - 
oe i w 
a rt Oe 


Prats LX. 
Stenotyphlops spinulosus, n. g. et sp. 
n.s. Line indicating natural size of female specimen figured below in dorsal view, 
with laterai view of carapace on the right. 

a.s., ad. First and second antenne. 
ls., Li. Upper and lower lips. 
m.,m. One of the mandibles complete and distal portion of the other. 
mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, 2,3. First and second maxille, and the three maxillipeds. 
prp. 2,3. The second and third pereopods. 
T., urp. The telson and left uropod in dorsal view. 

In this plate the lips, mandibles, the two maxille, and part of the first maxilliped 
are magnified on a uniform scale, more highly than the other figures. Again the 


first and second antenne, the uropod and telson, are magnified to the same scale, 
more highly than the figures of the maxillipeds and pereopods. 


Crustacea Plate LX. 
Plate XI. 


Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X. 


SAEED, | eE. 


perme, ane MS apes 
ea ra sry eA DOI nF 


West, Newman lith. 


= Oia V5 : se 
ne a) ga acaall ae a 
et oN) 
See ae oh 
a 
. \ om 
9 
on 
Fi 
24 
SRA a ee 
ncn NN caer PITTED — 7 = 


“ i GO a a A 


ee 
= ete ae 


yo 


Re eo 


ay RIUERIIEEIEESSEADSAER EAR Cee } ae 


hac 
| iz re ; | las. i “7 oo 
j A Es (ea a fon { a oO es 
j oP Ua Lntaeee eee aaa ae aMN Cg aN Sy I va 
i 4h Se SE IS kn come ogg ann, ChE fel: Ie eel 
1 : 


a NES ROE case 


Be See a Oe ee ea) i | ; 


mG 


ai BE enn rary enne yy 
iad 


mxp.1. 


Ts 


Del. TR.RStebbing. 


SLA NOMYVPrnOGws SPINUEnOSUS, 7zg.e2 sp. 


_ Puate LXI. 


Schizotrema calmani, n. sp. 
n.s. ¢. Line indicating natural size of male specimen figured below in lateral 


view, with dorsal view (imperfectly made out) of the carapace and 
pedigerous segments. 


car. More highly magnified view of a pseudorostral lobe. 

a.s. First antenna. 

l-s., ms, mxpsy Bas: ‘Upper lip, mandible, first, second, and third maxillipeds. 
prp. 1, 2,3, 4,5. First, second, third, fourth, and fifth pereopods. 

urp. Left uropod. 


All figures are magnified to the same scale except the lateral view of the whole 
specimen with the dorsal view of its carapace and pedigerous segments. 


Plate Scie 


Crustacea Plate LXI. 


Ann .S.Afr. Mus.Vol.xX.- 


West, Newman lith. 


Del. T.R.RStebbing. 


Te. SP: 


SCHIZOTREMA CALMAN!I, 


Puate LXII. 
Procampylaspis tridentatus, n. sp. 


n.s. Line indicating length of male specimen figured below. 


car. Portion of carapace in dorsal view, more highly magnified, outline of eyelobe 
doubtful. ; 


a.s.,a.i. First and second antenne, flagellum of second incomplete. 
ls. Upper lip. 

m. Mandible, with distal part more highly magnified. 

mx. 2. Second maxilla, with armature more highly magnified. 


mxp. 1, 2,3. First, second, and third maxillipeds, with higher magnification of 
the extremities of the first and second. 


prp. 1, 2, 3, 4,5. First to fifth pereeopods. 
urp. Right uropod, in connexion with telsonic segment in dorsal view. 


All the separate parts are drawn to a uniform scale, with higher magnification of 
certain details as above mentioned. 


Plate XIV. 


Crustacea Plate LXIL. 


Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X 


West, Newman lith. 


Del. T. R.R.Stebbing. 


PROCAMPYLASPIS TRIDENTATUS, zx. sp. 


Pruate LXIII. 
Campylaspis ovalis, n. sp. 


3. Male specimen figured below in three positions dorsally with surface of 
carapace horizontal, carapace from left side tilted to the right, and thirdly 
with surface of pedigerous segments and first six of pleon horizontal, but 
carapace foreshortened by its downward inclination. 

car. n.s. Lines indicating natural size of the carapace. 

a.s.,a.i. First and second antenne, with further enlargement of flagella of first 
antenna, 

l.s., m., m., mx. 1, mxp. 1-3. Upper lip, mandibles, first maxilla, first, second, 
and third maxillipeds, with further enlargement of the apices of the 
mandibles and of the distal joints of the second maxilliped. 

prp. 1-5. The five pereopods, the fourth and fifth in attachment to their 
respective segments. 

urp. Right uropod in attachment to the telsonic segment with the preceding fifth 
pleon segment. 


Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X. Crustacea Plate LXIIl. 
Plate XV. 


Del. T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman lith. 


CAMPYLASPIS OVALIS, 7.sp. 


Prare LXIV. 
Campylaspis paneglaber, n. sp. 


n.s. Line indicating length of male specimen figured below in dorsal aspect. On 
the right is the figure of a similar specimen from the left side more en- 
larged, from which are taken the parts marked car., prp. 2, prp. 5, the 
others being from the first-mentioned specimen. 


car. Upper portion of carapace slightly flattened, showing pseudorostral sinus, 
shape of eyelobe, and pellucid markings. 


as. First antenna. Second antenna incomplete in both specimens. 


mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp.1, 2,3. First and second maxille, first maxilliped without 
exopod, pair of second maxillipeds, third maxilliped. 
prp. 1,2, 5. First, second, and fifth perseopods. 


urp. Left uropod, in attachment to the telsonic segment in dorsal view. 
The separate parts are magnified to a uniform scale. 


Ann.S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X. Crustacea Plate LXIV. 
Plate XVI. 


—— 


Se, 


Del.T.R.R.Stebbing. West, Newman lith. 


CAMPYLASPIS PH NEGLABER, 7. sp. 


——— a ao] 
~ - _ 
= te ' Ay 

a 
& 
z ~ 
e 


mM a NGL a wee 


= ee siemant’ 
ee E 


Brie ti ml “yaullalie 

WY iy welt 
noting ria 
x! fn ihe 
he ideation 
we M iu (hs 7 
if Clitods wile 
paring «yp isl 
Tela 0 (raeande: 
ue rik san eT bas. ils 
fat er ea 
meorn i: a 
Ata uP 
j fivga (i? lJ hie 
thes 


+d §Sunale 


ld 


>? pe 


‘ate 


it ne 


y 


, al 


i 


ha 


4) 


4 ve Pai 
a} ey Aa : 


(177 ) 


8.—Ephemeridae from South Africa.—By Espen PETERSEN. 
(With 12 Text Figures.) 


Onty a few species of Hphemeridae are known from South Africa, 
and therefore I hope that this small contribution to our knowledge 
of the fauna may be of some interest. The material reported on 
belongs, with a single exception, to the South African Museum. 


List of the species known from South Africa :—- 


1. Hlassoneuria trimentana, MacLachlan. 
. Polymitarcys capensis, nov. sp. 

. Hexagema fulva, nov. sp. 

. Atalophlebia tabularis, Haton. 

. Adenophlebia dislocans, Walker. 

. Adenophlebia westermanni, nov. sp. 

. Tricorythus discolor, Burmeister. 

8. Caenis, sp. A. E. Katon mentions in his ‘‘ Revisional Mono- 
graph of Recent Ephemeridae”’ (Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., 1888, 
pp. 142 and 308) an undescribed species of that genus from Cape 
Town. 

9. Centroptilum bifasciatwm, nov. sp. 

10. Cloéon africanum, nov. sp. 

11. Cloéon, sp., undescribed. A. E. Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc., 
Lond., 1871, p. 103; Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., 1888, p. 186. 

12. Hedyurus péringueyt, nov. sp. 

13. Ecdyurus, sp., undescribed. <A. HE. Eaton, Trans, Linn. 
Soc., Lond., 1888, p. 309. 


“Tm Ore & b 


Gen. ELASSONEORIA, Eat. 
ELASSONEURIA TRIMENIANA, MacLachlan. 


Oligoneuria trimeniana, MacLachlan, Ent. Monthl. Mag., vol. iv., 
1868, p. 177-178; A. E. Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1871, p. 56, 
pl. ili., 9-9a, 

14 


178 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Elassoneuria trimeniana, Eaton, Ent. Monthl. Mag., vol. xvii., 
1881, p. 191; Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., 1888, p. 32, pl. iii., 3. 


Of this interesting species, of which only the female is known, 
there were six specimens in the Collection, all females. They 
were taken at M’fongosi, Zululand, March, 1911, by W. E. Jones. 

As the descriptions given by MacLachlan and Eaton are very 
short, I add a few supplementary notes. 

Head and thorax pale brown. Eyes black. Ocelli white, sur- 
rounded by black. The basal joint of the antennae pale brown, the 
bristle black. Abdomen white with a faint yellowish tinge. All the 
dorsal segments with a small purplish brown hind border and a 
lanceolate median spot, which does not touch the front or hind 
border of the segments. The underside white with a small yellow 
spot in the middle of each segment and with yellow lateral margins. 
Setae and legs white. 

Length of body, 16-20 mm. ; forewing, 17-22 mm. 


Gren. POLYMITARCYS, Eat. 


POLYMITARCYS CAPENSIS, Sp. NOV. 


Subimago g. Head and thorax light violet-grey. The ocelli 
white, surrounded by a black circle; the eyes jet black. On the 
prothorax two dark spots near the front margin; front angles 
and lateral margins reddish violet. Meso- and metathorax yellow- 
ish brown, with a fine reddish violet median line. Abdomen 
ventrally white, dorsally whitish with a faint reddish tinge, which 
becomes strong reddish yellow on the last two segments. From the 
front border of each segment two lunate spots extend backwards a 
little farther than the middle of the segments. The two spots do 
not touch each other. Forceps white; penis yellow. Fore femora 
and tibiae greyish black; tarsi and underside of femora whitish. 
Intermediate and hindlegs pale yellowish. Wings white with a 
faint ash-grey tinge. Neuration opaque, and the costa, subcosta, and 
radius in forewing with violet-greyish tinge. 

Subimago. @?. Setae white and very pilose. 

Length of body: ¢,13mm.; ?,14-15 mm. Setae: 9?,13mm 
Wine: g 13 mms; 23 lo mm, 

One male and five females (all subimagines). 

M’fongosi, Zululand, December, 1911. 

In “ A Revisional Monograph of Recent Ephemeridae or Mayflies ’ 
(Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., 1888), p. 45, A. EH. Eaton mentions a 


Ephemeridae from South Africa. 179 


species of Polynutarcys from South Africa, but without giving any 
description, and on Plate vi., 10b, he gives a drawing of the fore- 
wing. This figure agrees very well with the forewing of the above 
described species. 


Gen. HEXAGENIA, Walsh. 


HEXAGENIA FULVA, Sp. nov. 


Imago. ¢. Head pale yellow; eyes, a circle round each ocellus 
and two spots at the hind margin of head black. 1st joint of 
antennae light brown. Prothorax, above and beneath, pale yellow 
and with a broad yellowish brown lateral line. Meso- and meta- 
thorax yellowish brown; abdomen slightly paler, dorsally with a 
short curved blackish brown streak on the first six segments, 
extending from the middle of the lateral margin to the hind margin 
of each segment. Besides these short streaks there is on each side 
of the 1st-7th segments a comma-shaped blackish brown streak, the 
fore tip of which is broadest and touches the fore margin; the hind 
tip is curved inwards and does not touch the hind margin. On the 
dorsal surface of the 8th segment are found two dark brown longi- 
tudinal lines at each side and one along the front border ; on the 9th 
segment one dark brown, and on the 10th two small lunate dark 
brown spots. Abdomen ventrally pale brown with the front angles 
of the segments blackish. Forelegs reddish brown, intermediate 
and hindlegs paler. Wings hyaline. Longitudinal nervures with 
the exception of the subcosta yellowish brown; the subcosta and 
the cross-veins blackish brown. Wing-roots yellowish. The marginal 
area of forewing yellowish brown. 

Length of body, 22 mm. ; forewing, 20 mm. 

One example, ¢. The specimen has lost its setae. It was 
captured at M’fongosi, Zululand, December, 1911, by W. EH. Jones. 
The species much resembles Hexagenia limbata, Pict., from North 
America, and it is the first species of the genus recorded from Africa. 


Gen. ATALOPHLEBIA, Eat. 


ATALOPHLEBIA TABULARIS, Eaton. 


Atalophlebia tabularis, Haton, Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., 1888, 
Deol pl xen LG: 

This South African species was not represented in the Collection. 
The only known example was found in 1874, floating on the 
streamlet at the Platteklip, Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope. 
But amongst the material is a specimen, gummed on paper and 


180 Annals of the South African Museum. 


with the wings cleft together; it is in the subimaginal stage and 
collected at M’fongosi, Zululand, September, 1911, by W. E. Jones. 
With some hesitation I refer the specimen to a species of Atalophlebia. 


Gren. ADENOPHLEBIA, Eat. 
ADENOPHLEBIA DISLOCANS, Walker. 


Ephemera dislocans, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., vol. v., 1860, 
p. 198. 

Adenophlebia dislocans, Katon, Ent. Monthl. Mag., vol. xvii., 1881, 
p. 194; ‘‘ Rev. Monogr. of Recent Ephemeridae,”’ 1888, p. 112. 


In the Collection are 2 g g (imagines) and 1 g (sub-imago), all 
mounted on cardboard and not in good condition. The specimens 
were collected at Barberton, Transvaal, by Miss H. Edwards, 
March, 1911. 

To the excellent description of both sexes in the imaginal stage, 
given by Eaton, I have only to add that the pterostigmatical region 
has a violet-grey tinge. In the subimago the wings have a slight 
greyish tinge and blackish neuration. The cross-veins are shaded 
with blackish grey. 


ADENOPHLEBIA WESTERMANNI, Sp. Nov. 


Imago. ¢. Head and thorax blackish brown. The abdominal 
segments dorsally yellowish brown with the hind border and an 
oblique streak on each side dark brown. The ventral surface of 
abdomen yellowish brown with a median longitudinal brown streak. 


OOO IOM 


Fie. 1.—Left Forewing of Adenophlebia westermanni. ¢. 


The forceps brown, the last joint yellow. Three caudal setae, which 
are of equal length, brown at their base, paler towards their apex. 
Legs brown; femora with a broad black median band and with 
a small black band at the base and at the apex. The tarsal claws 
all narrow and uncinate. Femur, tibia, and tarsus of foreleg almost 


Ephemeridae from South Africa. 181 


of the same length. Ist tarsal joint of foreleg very short, 2nd the 
longest, 3rd, 4th, and 5th gradually shorter. 

Forewing very elongated; hindwing oblong and oblique; its 
marginal area abbreviated and very broad. Membrane of wings 
hyaline; neuration brownish; a great part of the cross-veins in 
forewings clouded with brownish. Hindwings with many cross- 
veins. 

Length, 7 mm.; forewing, 8 mm.; setae, 17 mm. 

One specimen, a male, from Cape of Good Hope, January, 1817, 
in the Westermannian Collection in the Museum of Copenhagen. 

The species differs from Adenophlebia dislocans, especially in the 
oblong form of forewings, and it is with some hesitation that I put 
the species in that genus; but as it agrees with the type species of 
the genus in neuration of wings, in form of hindwing, of the tarsal 
claws, as well as in the proportion of the length between femur, 
tibia, tarsus, and tarsal joints I place it provisionally in that genus. 


Gren. TRICORYTHUS, Eat. 
TRICORYTHUS DISCOLOR, Burm. 


Oxycypta discolor, Burmeister, Handb. der Ent., ii., 1839, p. 797. 

Cloéon discolor, Walker, Cat. Neur. Ins., Brit. Mus., ii., 1853, 
Ps OFT. 

Caenis discolor, Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1871, p. 96. 
Hagen, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1873, p. 399. 


Sa 
LL % 


Fic. 2.—Forewing of Tricorythus discolor. 


Tricorythus discolor, Eaton, ‘‘ Rev. Monogr. of Recent Epheme- 
ridae,’’ London, 1884, p. 139. 

Imago. g. Head black, pro-, meso-, and metathorax castaneous. 
Abdomen dorsally greyish yellow-brown, hind borders of the seg- 


182 Annals of the South African Museum. 


ments darker. Setae greyish white with very small black annula- 
tions. Legs greyish. Wings greyish brown; longitudinal nervures 
darker ; costa and subcosta blackish ; cross-veins not very distinct. 
Length of body, 6 mm.; forewing, 7-7°5 mm.; setae, 12 mm. 
Three males, imagines, mounted on cardboard from Tulbagh, 
April, 1892, and two females, subimagines (pinned), from M’fongosi, 
Zululand, October, 1911, taken by W. E. Jones. 


Fic. 3.—Forceps and Penis of Tricorythus discolor. 3. 


The species is described by Burmeister from a female, subimago, 
in Winthem’s Collection, taken at Cape of Good Hope. The present 
two specimens of subimagines agree very well with the description, 
with the exception that the ventral surface of abdomen is more 
blackish, and that the legs are more greyish. I am undoubtedly 
right in referring the three males to the species. The neuration of 
wings is quite the same. The colour of wings in the subimago is 
blackish grey, in the imago brownish grey. 


Gren. CENTROPTILUM, Eat. 
CENTROPTILUM BIFASCIATUM, sp. nov. 


Imago. g. Head and thorax light brown, darker at the sides. 
Abdomen vitreous in 2nd—7th segments ; the last segments opaque, 


Fic. 4.—Fore (1), Intermediate (2), and Hindleg (3) of Centroptilum 
bifasciatum. 3. 


reddish yellow. The dorsal surface of the first-named segments 
with an oblong, reddish brown median spot, and an oblique spot 


Ephemeridae from South Africa. 183 


or streak of the same colour at each side; the side spots do not 
touch the front margin of the segments. On the underside of the 
2nd—7th segments there are found the same markings as on the 
upper. 

Limbs of the forceps yellowish, the basal joint with a greyish tint. 
Penis not visible. Femur of foreleg reddish brown, tibia dark 
reddish brown, yellowish at the base ; all the tarsal joints yellowish, 


Fic. 5.—Forewing of Centroptilum bifasciatum. 3. 


reddish brown towards apex. Femora of intermediate and hind- 
legs reddish brown, yellowish at the base ; tibiae and tarsi yellowish. 
Wings vitreous with the greater part of nervures light brown. Fore- 
wings with the marginal areas and an abrupt, oblique fascia 
brown coloured; along the hind border is found a faint brown 
shadow. A few cross-veins in the front and middle part of the wing 
blackish brown. Hindwing brown towards the apex. 


Fic, 6.—Hindwing of Centroptilum bifasciatum. 3. 


The female differs from the male in the colouring of the abdomen. 
2nd-7th segments dorsally reddish with vitreous spots especially at 
the sides, ventrally with a reddish brown streak at the sides of the 
segments. In the forewing the abrupt fascia and the brown shadow 
along the hind margin are wanting. Hindwing without brown apex. 
Sub-imago(g and ?). Thorax greyish brown. Abdomen light brown, 
ventrally paler. Setae greyish brown, paler in the male. Fore 


184 Annals of the South African Museum. 


femora brown, tibiae light brown, darker towards the apex. Tarsal 
joints light brown. Intermediate and hind femora yellowish red- 
brown; tibiae and tarsi yellowish. The greater part of the longi- 
tudinal nervures and all the cross-veins in the forewings brown, and 
and with greyish brown shadow. The membrane of wings mostly 
greyish brown, and the colour forming cross-bands. 


Fie. 7.—Forceps of Centroptilum bifasciatum. ¢@. 


Three imagines and three subimagines found at M’fongosi, Zulu- 
land, by W. E. Jones. Of the subimagines one male was captured 
in September, 1911, one female in October, 1911, and one in Decem- 
ber, 1911. Of the imagines one female was captured in October, 
1911, and two males in December, 1911. 

Although the species does not agree with the other species in the 
genus in regard to the shape of the hindwing, I place it in the 
genus Centroptilum. Possibly a new genus ought to be established 
for the species, but I postpone doing so, because probably more allied 
species will also be found in South Africa. This species is the first 
Centroptilum recorded from this part of the world. 


Gen. CLOEON, Sam. 
CLOEON AFRICANUM, sp. nov. 
Imago. g¢. Thorax castaneous. 2nd-6th segments of abdomen 
transparent, whitish and with a faint reddish tinge; the hind 


borders of the segments darker. The 7th—9th segments reddish 
brown on the dorsal surface, whitish on the ventral. Forceps yellow- 


Ephemeridae from South Africa. 185 


ish white. Setae white with darker annulations at the joints. Legs 
white with a yellowish brown tinge. Wings hyaline with a yellowish 
tinge in the marginal area. Longitudinal nervures yellowish brown ; 
subcosta and radius mostly yellow. Cross-veins few in number, 
placed as in the typical Cloéon-wing, and only visible when the wing 
is held up to the light. The number of cross-veins in the pterostig- 
matical area is not visible owing to the forewings being compressed 
together. In the forelegs the tibia is longer than the femur and of 
the same length as all the tarsal joints together. 1st tarsal joint as 
long as the three others; the 2nd almost as long as the 3rd and the 
4th together, and the 3rd is + longer than the 4th. 


Fic. 8.—Forceps of Cloéon africanum. ¢. 


Length of body, 4:5 mm. ; wing, 5 mm.; setae, about 10 mm. 

One specimen, male, was captured at M’fongosi, Zululand, 
September, 1911, by W. E. Jones. 

The species has much likeness to a small male of Cloéon dipterum, 
but it differs in the shape of the forceps and by its blackish red eyes 
(dried). In Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1871, p. 103, A. E. Eaton 
mentions a female specimen of a species of Cloéon from Knysna, 
very closely allied to Cloéon dipterwm. 


Gren. ECDYURUS, Eat. 
ECDYURUS PERINGUEYI, sp. nov. 


Imago. g Pro-, meso-, and metathorax light brown. Abdomen 
dorsally reddish brown, with the hind border of the segments a little 
darker, ventral surface yellow with exception of the last segment, 
which is reddish yellow. Forceps yellow. Femora light brown, tibiae 
and tarsi yellow, the last named with darker joints and with blackish 
claws. Setae brownish yellow with small brown annulations at the 
joints. Wings vitreous with a very faint yellowish tinge in the 
marginal area of forewing, which is mostly due to the yellow 


186 Annals of the South African Museum. 


subcosta and radius; the other longitudinal nervures only a little 
darker than the membrane. The cross-veins almost invisible. 


5 LY SY (ED EIT TE EF ED 


Fic. 9.—Forewing of Hcdyurus péringueyi. 3. 


! 5 Ud eres 


ir gs ag 
rine Beye =, 


Fic. 10.—Legs of ¢ and ? of Hedyurus péringueyi. 
(The legs of ¢ more enlarged than of ¢.) 


Fic. 11—Hindwing of Hedyurus péringueyi. 


@. Pro-, meso-, and metathorax light brown, at the sides with 
some small blackish stripes and spots. 1st-6th abdominal segments 


Ephemeridae from South Africa. 187 


dark reddish brown above with black stigmata and with yellowish 
hind borders; 7th-9th segments reddish yellow with a reddish 
brown median stripe. Ventral surface yellowish with a reddish 
brown median stripe; the 9th segment with a long prolongation, 
having an incision at its apex. Setae reddish at the base and 
becoming yellowish towards the apex; all the joints with a darker 
annulation. Legs and wings as in the male. 

Length of body: 3, 7mm.; 2,11 mm.; forewing: g, 8:5 mm.; 
¢ , 14-15 mm.; setae: g¢ ca, 15 mm,; 2, 30 mm. 

Three males, three females, all imagines, and one female, sub- 
imago, are present in the Collection; all collected at M’fongosi, 
Zululand, October, 1911, by W. E. Jones. 


Fic. 12.—Forceps of Ecdyurus péringueyi. 3. 


I have placed the species in the genus Hcdywrus, although with 
some hesitation. The highly elongated and narrow forewings, the 
proportion between the length of the tarsi and tibiae and the shape of 
one of the claws, which is curved and plainly pointed, make in some 
degree the place of the species difficult to determine. The propor- 
tion between the length of tarsal joints is the same as in the genus 
Licdyurus ; but the pale colour gives the species much likeness to a 
species of Heptagenia. In‘ A Revisional Monograph of Recent 
EKphemeridae or Mayflies”’ (Trans. Linn. Soc., Lond., 1881), p. 309, 
A. HK, Eaton mentions a specimen (?) of Hedywrus, taken by 
R. Trimen at Paarl. He says that the specimen ‘“ has a superficial 
likeness to species of Heptayenia, but differs therefrom in the 
proportion of its legs.” 


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( 189 ) 


9.—South African Trichoptera._-_By Grorac UbMEr. 
(With 1 Figure.) 


THROUGH the friendly mediation of Mr. Ksben Petersen I obtained a 
small number of Trichoptera from the South African Museum, Cape 
Town, for investigation. With one exception the specimens collected 
were already known, although six had hitherto not been proved to 
be South African, but had only been recorded from Equatorial Africa. 
Up to the present the following species from South Africa were 
known :— 


. Dipseudopsis capensis, Walk. 

. Dipseudopsis fasciata, Brau. 

. Chloropsyche maxima, Ulm. 

. Polymorphanscus bipunctatus, Brau. 

. Aethaloptera dispar, Brau. 

. Macronema capense, Walk. 

. Molanna triangularis, Hag. (case and larva only). 


SAID OF WH DOH 


In addition to several specimens of the genera Chimarrha, Hydro- 
psyche, and Leptocerus, which could not be specifically identified, 
the collection contains the following species :— 


Gen. CHIMARRHA, Cutt. 
1. CHIMARRHA RUFICEPS, D. sp. 


Head, pronotum, and mesonotum light red, with dense golden-red 
pubescence, metanotum blackish brown; under surface of head and 
of the whole sternum pale red. Abdomen black, dull, at the lateral 
line grey-black. Antennae incomplete, but probably shorter than 
the anterior wings, thin, black, with indistinct yellowish brown 
rings, the basal joint reddish yellow. Maxillary palps blackish, the 
first two joints and the base of the third greyish brown; first joint 
very short; second joint long, with a stiff bundle of grey-brownish 
bristles ; third joint very long, almost twice as long as the second ; 
fourth joint somewhat shorter than the second; fifth joint as long as 


190 Annals of the South African Museum. 


the third. Labial palps hidden, blackish, the first two joints fairly 
short, the third as long as the two together. Legs yellowish red, 
the tibiae and tarsi blackish (those of the posterior legs more 
brownish black). Wings (figured) with greyish brown membrane 
and greyish black, fairly dense pubescence; veins dark brown, 
marginal cilia blackish. The neuration is similar to that of 
Wormaldia fallax, Ulm. (cf. Deutsche Zentralafrika-Expedition, 1v., 
1912, p. 84, fig. 5), the veins in the region of the discoidal cell still 


Chimarrha ruficeps, n.sp. Wings. 


more strongly curved; subcosta behind the costal transverse vein 
little curved ; radius already strongly bent before the junction of the 
sector, curved S-shaped behind it, and again curved at the point of 
junction of the transverse vein with the discoidal cell ; thyridium cell 
likewise distinctly curved; between the subcosta and radius near 
the base a transverse vein; discoidal cell broad, blunt at the base 
(the veins there thickened); median cell as long as, but much 
narrower than, the discoidal cell; thyridium cell very narrow, 
nearly one and a half times as long as the latter; the naked cell 
very distinctly marked, bordered basally by a thickened vein-like 
ridge; the membrane more strongly chitinised between the radius 
and the base of the thyridium cell. Fork 1 sessile, fork 2 with very 


South African Trichoptera. 191 


short stalk (the stalk sometimes somewhat longer than in the figured 
example), fork 3 with long stalk, fork 5 with short stalk. Discoidal 
cell of hindwing (which is somewhat iridescent) as long as, but 
somewhat narrower than, in the front wing; forks 1 and 2 sessile, 
3 and 5 stalked. 92 without ovipositor, gf unknown. Length of 
body, 7 mm.; length of front wing, 10 mm.; span of wings thus 
about 22 mm. 

Material: 3 9 9; M’fongosi, Zululand, W. E. Jones, November 
and December, 1911. 


2. POLYMORPHANISCUS BIPUNCTATUS, Brau. 


Material: 1 9; M’fongosi, Zululand, W. E. Jones, November, 
1911. 
3. CHLOROPSYCHE MAXIMA, Ulm. 


Material: 1 3; Cape, Prieska, Miss Orpen. 


4, PROTOMACRONEMA PUBESCENS, Ulm. 


Material: 1 g¢; M’fongosi, Zululand, W. H. Jones, September, 
1911. 

5. LEPTONEMA OCCIDENTALE, Ulm, 

Material: 3 ¢ ¢, 1 2; Barberton, Transvaal, Miss H. Edwards, 
November and December, 1911. These specimens appear to be 
somewhat darker than the Kamerun examples which I saw some 
years ago. 

6. HypROPSYCHE PROPINQUA, Ulm. 

Material: 2 g¢ g (one with injured abdomen); M’fongosi, Zulu- 

land, W. E. Jones, September, 1911. 


7. HypRopsSYCHODES DiImMINUTA, Walk. 


Material: Numerous ¢ ¢ and @? ?; Henkries, Bushmanland, 
R. M. Lightfoot, October, 1911; Smithfield, Orange Free State 
Province, Kannemeyer, 1910; St. Mathew’s, King William’s Town 
Division, Cape Province, R. M. Lightfoot, April, 1894; M’fongosi, 
Zululand, W. E. Jones, October, 1911. Some specimens show a 
strongly marked, light coloured, spotted design on the front wings, 
especially at the margins. 


8. TRIAENODES ELEGANTULA, Ulm. 


Material: 4 ¢ 3, 3 @ 2 (?, the abdomens injured); M’fongosi, 
Zululand, W. E. Jones, March, September, and November, 1911. 


ye a M: vie " we Nice oe Ai, 
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-10.—Description of a New Species of Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) from 
South Africa.—By A. Rarrray. 


Tre CTENISTINI 
Gren. EPICARIS, Reit. 


EPICARIS CRASSICORNIS, Sp. n. 


OsBLoneG, attenuate in front, totally ferruginous red with broadly 
scattered whitish scales. Head narrow and long, convex, antennal 
tubercle large, cordiform, foveate at base, tempora fasciculate. Eyes 
large, prominent. Palpi large, joint 2 elongate, thickening towards 
the apex; 3 ovate; 4 thicker, slightly pyriform and rounded at tip; 
3 and 4 have a long pencil of hairs. Antennae robust, gradually 
thickening, articles 2-8 moniliform, 9-10 ovoid, 10 nearly half again 
as thick as the 9. Prothorax larger than the head, convex, slightly 
conical, fasciculate on each side of the base. Elytra longer than 
broad, strongly attenuate towards the base, sides oblique, rounded 
before the apex, shoulders slightly raised, hind border fasciculate 
and depressed in the centre, raised at the suture, on each side there 
is a sutural stria and a dorsal, both nearly entire. Abdomen shorter 
and narrower than the elytra, with a very broad border, first and 
second tergites large, equal, convex, the first slightly obliquely 
impressed on each side. Femora thickened; tibiae straight, some- 
what slender, suddenly thickened at apex. Metasternum furrowed. 

Length, 3.20 mm. 

This species differs from H. ventralis, Raffr., from Abyssinia, and 
occurring also in Senegal, in the following points: larger size; last 
joint of palps much thicker ; antennae much thicker and not dis- 
tinctly club-shaped ; elytra shorter, much more rounded behind, and 
more attenuate in front. 

Hab. Transvaal (Pretoria). 


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( 197 ) 


11.—Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.— 
By K. H. Barnarp, M.A., Assistant. 


(Plates XVII.-XXIV.) 


NOTE. 


In deference to Mr. Stebbing, I make the following alterations 
in the gender of the specific names so as to bring them into 
conformity with the names on the plates :— 


p. 201, for Gnathia africana, n.sp:, read Gnathia africanus, n.sp. 

p. 203, for Idotea metallica, Bose., read Idotea metallicus, Bose. 

p. 204, for Hngidotea lobata (Miers) read Hngidotea lobatus 
(Miers). 

Where the gender of the generic name is doubtful, the uniform 
plan of making the specific name masculine is advantageous, 
but I do not bind myself to extend the principle to all specific 
names, whether the gender of the genus is doubtful or not; 
unless of course the principle be adopted generally by scientists 
in all branches of zoology. 

I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Stebbing for kindly 
passing the plates through the press. 


1G dE ABy, 
5th February, 1914. 
1896. 5 G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. 11. pt. 1, p. 10. 
1900. = Stebbing, in Willey’s Zool. Res. pt. 5, p. 613. 


16 


a 


(197 ) 


11.—Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.— 
By K. H. Barnarp, M.A., Assistant. 


(Plates XVII.-XXIV.) 


1.—AppITIONS To THE Marine Isopopa. 
(Plates XVIIT.-—XXIV.) 


THE following paper contains descriptions of thirteen species and 
one variety of Marine Isopods, all from the collections in the South 
African Museum. One genus, ten species, and one variety are 
described as new. One species, known only from a dried specimen 
in the British Museum without locality, also requires the institution 
of a new genus. The males of two species, of which only the 
females were previously known, are described for the first time. 

In addition the records of four species already known, but which 
‘ were omitted from the General Catalogue of South African Crustacea 
(Stebbing, Ann. S.A.M. vol. vi. pt. 1, 1910) are inserted. 

A note of the occurrence of ais pubescens (Dana) and the descrip- 
tion of the male will be incorporated in a future paper along with 
the notes on the Sphaeromid hosts which it inhabits. 

To Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F.R.S., are due my very best thanks 
for his kindly advice on several points and the addition of references 
which I had overlooked. 


Famiry TANAIDAHE. 


1853. Tanaidae (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, p. 792. 


1886. A Norman and Stebbing, Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 
ees 102! 

1896. " G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. i. pt. 1, p. 10. 

1900. 3 Stebbing, in Willey’s Zool. Res. pt. 5, p. 613. 


16 


198 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gen. TANAIS, Audouin and M. Edwards. 


1828. Tanais, Audouin and M. Edwards, Précis d’Entomologie, vol. 1, 
pe 46, pl. 29) fig: a 

1832. Anisocheirus, Westwood, Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. 27. 

1836. Zeuxo, Templeton, Tr. Entom. Soe. vol. 2, p. 201. 

1843. Crossurus, Rathke, Fauna Norwegens, p. 35. 

1886. Tanais, Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, pt. 48, p. 119. 


1905. »,  Stebbing, in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23, p. 2. 
1905. a Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 7. 


TANAIS SPONGICOLA, N. sp. 
(Plate XVIT. A.) 


Body evenly cylindrical, smooth with the exception of a few hairs 
along the anterior margins of the peraeon segments. 

Head longer than its greatest width, eyes small but distinct, 
situated on and forming the antero-lateral angles, front margin 
between them flatly angular. 

First segment of peraeon visible only at sides, second (first free) 
segment narrow, the following ones gradually increasing in length, 
but in none of them does the length equal the breadth, none of the 
side-plates except the first as long as their respective segments, the 
first acutely produced anteriorly. 

Pleon composed of 6 distinct segments, lateral margins rather 
densely setose, 4th and 5th segments not markedly narrower than 
1st—3rd, 6th segment broader than long, apex rounded, with 3-4 setae, 
a median groove on postero-inferior face. 

First antenna, Ist joint 5 times as long as broad, 2nd joint a little 
more than one-fourth length of Ist, 3rd joint one-third length of 2nd, 
4th joint (= flagellum) minute, with strong brush of setae. 

Second antenna about as long as first antenna, Ist joint a little 
longer than 3rd, its margins minutely serrulate, 2nd joint a little 
shorter than 4th, which is half the length of 3rd, 5th joint minute, 
with strong brush of setae. 

Upper lip bluntly rounded, with thick fringe of setae, epistome 
narrow, strongly calcified. 

Lower lip, outer lobes indented on exterior margin, lower portion 
spinulose on margin, apex with a minute setulose “palp,”’ inner 
lobes as long as but not as broad as outer, evenly rounded, apices 
setulose. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 199 


Mandibles stout, apex bifid in the left’ mandible, in the right 
entire, with 2 minute spines on inner side a little below apex, 
molar prominent, denticulate. 

First maxilla, masticatory lobe curved, outer margin serrulate, 
apex with ca. 9 non-serrate spines and a bunch of setae external 
to them, backward-bent ‘“‘ palp’’ ending in several setae (3-8). 

Second maxilla tooth-like, apparently only 1-jointed, with broad 
basal portion, distal half suddenly narrowed, pointed. 

Maxillipeds, 1st joint short with 3 long spines on inner margin, 2nd 
joint stout, 14 times as long as broad, outer margin distally serrulate, 
3rd and 4th joints subequal, outer margin of 8rd joint serrulate, 
5th joint a little longer, 6th joint narrow, with apical setae, inner 
plate reaching to middle of 4th joint, apex rounded, setose, inner 
apical angle with 1-2 long curved setae (coupling-hooks), epipod 
apparently absent (6 specimens were examined and no trace of it 
could be found). 

First gnathopod g, thumb of propodos with incisive edge 
extending from apical tooth to hinge, where it ends in a prominent 
tubercle, at distal end a row of setae along its base, finger strongly 
curved, very slightly thickened before the apical tooth, which fits 
within that on the thumb. 

First gnathopod ?, not quite so stout as in g, thumb of propodos 
with the incisive edge extending from apical tooth half-way along 
thumb, a small setiferous tubercle near hinge, finger not much 
curved, slightly bulbous at base internally, with apical tooth fitting 
within that on the thumb. 

Second gnathopod g, ambulatory, 2nd joint longest, 3rd joint 
shortest, 4th joint shorter than 5th, which is a little over half length 
of 2nd, 6th slender bearing a slender spiniform unguis as long as 
itself. 

Second gnathopod @?, similar but not so elongate. 

First and second peraeopods, stouter and longer than second 
gnathopod, 2nd joint cylindrical, 3 times as long as broad, 3rd joint 
half length of 2nd, 4th joint a little shorter, with ca. 6 strong apical 
spines, 5th joint equal to 3rd, 6th joint with its slender nearly 
straight unguis half length of 5th, posterior margins of 3rd, 4th, and 
5th joints serrulate. 

Third-fifth peraeopods stouter than 1st and 2nd _ peraeopods, 
2nd joint fusiform, twice as long as broad, 3rd and 4th joints 
subequal, shorter than 5th, 3rd joint with 1 apical spine on inner 
margin, 4th joint with ca. 6 strong apical spines, 6th joint rather 
more than half length of 2nd, with a strong falciform unguis. 


200 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Marsupial pouches arising from bases of peraeopods 3, and 
extending from segment 4 to segment 7. 

First and second pleopods, outer margin of peduncle with 
5 plumose setae, inner ramus smaller than outer with 3 plumose 
setae on its inner margin (away from outer ramus) and an apical 
spine-seta. 

Third pleopods similar, but peduncle has only 2 setae, and inner 
ramus only 1 seta. 

Uropods as long as last 3 pleon segments combined, 6-pointed, 
the 1st joint considerably stouter than the rest, 6th joint minute, 
with long terminal setae. 

Length: 55 mm. 

Colour: Whitish with slaty-grey mottlings, the head and a medio- 
dorsal spot on the peraeon segments markedly darker than the rest 
of the body. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. 29/4/12. (Coll. K.H.B.) In 
holes in encrusting sponges (Halichondria) and compound Ascidians, 
low tide. gf gf and ? 2 (with ova). (8.A.M. No. A2105.) 

This species belongs to Tanais sensu lato, in that it has 6 pleon 
segments and notd as in Tunas sensu stricto (Sars, 1896). In general 
shape and the possession of 6-jointed uropods it resembles most 
nearly JT. normani, Richardson, 1905, but differs in the form of the 
first gnathopods of the male: J. normani has the finger and 
thumb not widely separated (7.e., the finger is not strongly curved), 
whereas in 7’. spongicola they are widely separated, as is the case in 
T. robustis, Moore, 1894. The 6-jointed uropods distinguish it also 
from 7. gracilis, Heller, 1866. 


Faminy GNATHIIDAR. 


1880. Gnathudae, Harger, Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. pt. 6, 
p. 408. 

1886. Anceidae, Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, p. 135. 

1897(-1899). Gnathudae, G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. ii. p. 50. 

1901. Gnathidae, Dollfus, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxvi. p. 240. 


1905. 7 Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 44, 
Dp: 00: 

1909. “ id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 35, p. 483. 

19S: a Stebbing, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 20, pt. 4, 


p. 231. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 201 


Gen. GNATHIA, Leach. 


1814. Gnathia, Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, p. 402. 

1855. Anceus, Hesse, Comptes rendus, Novembre 26. 

W858: >, id. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 93. 

1863. _,, id. Mém. Savants étrangers, vol. 18, pp. 262, 268, 

1874. Ancaeus, id. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, vol. 19, Art. 8, p. 8. 

1885. Anceus, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 9, pt. 4, 
p. 1005. 

1886. , Beddard, l.c. p. 135. 

1900. Gnathia, Stebbing, in Willey’s Zool. Res. pt. 5, p. 625 (with 
synonymy). 

1902. ie Hodgson, Nat. Hist. of the ‘Southern Cross,” p. 241. 

1905. . Stebbing, in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 

Rep. 23, p. 8. 


GNATHIA AFRICANA, 0. sp. 


(Plate XVII. B.) 


Head broader than long, with 2 diverging ridges running from the 
middle of posterior margin to the antero-lateral angles, having above 
the eyes one prominent tooth and some minor crenulations; in 
front of these ridges the head is concave, anterior margin slightly 
convex and divided apically into 2 bifid lobes with a tuft of setae 
at their base. 

Peraeon, second segment not quite equalling the greatest breadth 
of head, laterally quadrate (viewed dorsally), third segment laterally 
rounded, posterior margin excavate, fourth segment separated from 
third by a marked constriction, divided dorsally into two halves by 
a longitudinal depression, fifth segment undivided, sixth segment 
nearly three times as long as any of the other segments, narrow 
at base and widening distally, deeply concave between the rounded 
postero-lateral angles, seventh segment inconspicuous. 

Pleon almost equalling peraeon in length, telsonic segment as 
broad as long, apex pointed, with 2 setae. 

Larva of the usual form, the fourth and sixth peraeon segments 
indicated dorsally and laterally on the enlarged portion by stronger 
and more deeply coloured cuticle, fifth segment only indicated at 
the sides. 

First antenna g, Ist joint longer than 2nd, 5rd joint longer than 
Ist, flagellum with lst jomt very short, 2nd joint longest, last three 
small, inconspicuous, with sensory filaments. 


202 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Second antenna ¢, a little longer than first antenna, 3rd and 4th 
joints longest, setose, flagellum 7-jointed, sparsely setose. 

Mandibles 3, arcuate, inner margin below the smooth upturned 
apex with about 5 blunt teeth, a well-marked notch on outer margin. 

Maxillipeds g, 2nd joint not produced distally, 4th joint of 
palp not incurved, outer margin with stiff setae. 

Gnathopod g, 1st joint tapering, inner margin setose, 2nd joint 
small with apical tuft of setae. 

Peraeopods all similar, rather stout, 4th and 5th joints expanded 
on front margin, 4th joint more so than the 5th; 3rd, 4th, and 5th 
joints have prominent tubercles on posterior margin, 6th joint as 
long as 3rd, with 2 groups of 3 blunt tubercles and 1 blunt spine on 
inner margin, 7th joint half length of 6th with minute tooth at the 
base of the prominent unguis. 

Pleopods, rami longer than peduncle, rami of first pleopods 
narrower than the others, all tipped with long setae. 

Uropods, outer ramus a little shorter and narrower than inner, 
both with long setae. 

In the larva the mandibles are rather pointed, inner margin 
straight with the denticulations increasing in size proximally. 

First and second maxillae are simple curved appendages, the first 
shorter than the second. 

Maxillipeds well developed, half-way along inner margin of the 
large basal joint is a narrow blunt lobe, and at the apex two small 
lobes, the outer blunt and tipped with setae, the inner pointed, with 
three minute teeth on its inner margin. 

Gnathopod short, apparently only 3-jointed with a strong falciform 
unguis; the Ist, 2nd, and 3rd joints are denticulated on inner 
margin, the points of the denticulations facing proximally, those on 
2nd joint sharper and more distinct than the others. 

Length: § 4 mm.; larva 3°5 mm. 

Colour: Yellowish grey, with darker mottlings along margins of 
head and on dorsal parts of peraeon and pleon. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. 29/4/12. (Coll. K.H.B.) One g 
and 2 larvae on Holothurians in rock-pools, low tide. (S.A.M. 
No. A2553.) 

Mr. Stebbing has favoured me with the following note on the 
affinities of this species :— 

“ Anceus forficularius, Risso, 1816, Anceus rapax, Milne Edwards, 
1840, and Ancews vorax, Lucas, 1849, all make a near approach to 
the present form, but offer more or less trustworthy marks of 
distinction.” 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 203 


Faminy IDOTEIDAE. 


For synonymy see Stebbing, S. Afr. Crust. pt. 1, p. 51, 1900, and 
pt. 2, p. 55, 1902. 


Gen. IDOTEA, J. C. Fabricius. 


1798. Idotea, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst. p. 302. 

1881. ,, Miers, Journ. L. S. Lond. vol. 16, p. 19. (Synonymy.) 

1910. »  Stebbing, Gen. Cat S. Afr. Crust. Ann. S.A. Mus. 
vol. vi. pt. 4, p. 432. 


IDOTEA METALLICA, Bosc. 


1802. Idotea metallica, Bosc. Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 2, p. 179, pl. 15, 
fig. 6. 

1840. » rugosa, M. Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, p. 131. 

1846. 5, robusta, Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. (2) vol. 2, p. 108. 

1847. », compacta, White, List. Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 95. 

1853. »  argentea, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 14, p. 698, pl. 46, 
fie le 

1881. », metallica, Miers, Journ. L. S. Lond. vol. 16, p. 35. 
(Further synonymy.) 

1905, Idothea metallica, Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, 

p. 362, figs. 392, 393. 

(Omitted from the Gen. Cat. S. Afr. Crust. 1910.) 

A cosmopolitan species. The Paris Museum possesses a series 
from the Cape of Good Hope (teste Miers). 

Cape Point NE. 28 miles. Surface. Flesh Point W. by N.4N. 
distant 44 miles. Surface. s.s. ‘Pieter Faure.” 24/6/03 and 
30/12/03. 

One specimen cast on beach at Chinde, mouth of the Zambezi. 
29/10/12. (Coll. K.H.B.) 


ENGIDOTHA, n. g. 


Side-plates distinct in all peraeon segments except the first, and 
as long as their respective segments. Pleon consisting of two seg- 
ments with two pairs of lateral sutures. Second antennae with 
multiarticulate flagellum. Maxillipeds 7-jointed. Inner plate of 
first maxilla with two plumose setae. Uropods with only one 
branch. 

Resembles Glyptidotea in the character of the side-plates, and 


204 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Paridotea as regards the composition of the pleon ; but differs from 
both in having only two plumose setae on the inner plate of the first 
maxilla. 


ENGIDOTEA LOBATA (Miers). 
(Plate XVII. C.) 


1847. Idotea lobata, White, List. Cr. Brit. Mus. p. 95, descript. nulla. 
1881. ia » Miers, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 16, p. 57, plate i. 
figs. 8, 9. 

Described from one dry specimen in the British Museum, without 
locality. 

Two specimens, 1g¢ and 1 immature (??), in the South African 
Museum (No. 8824) agree with Miers’ description, except in a few 
minor details, which may be due to their larger size. 

First antenna reaches only to the extremity of the ante-penulti- 
mate peduncular joint of second antenna, flagellum with ca. 15 
groups of setae. 

Second antenna extends only to the posterior margin of second 
peraeon segment; flagellum in the smaller specimen 10-jointed, in 
the larger 12-jointed. 

The mouth parts, not described by Miers, are as follows :— 

Epistome transverse, hardly flanking the labrum, which is twice 
as broad as long, with hairs on the rounded angles but not in the 
centre. 

Lower lip, lobes quadrate, inner angles rounded, with stout setae 
and smaller setules. 

Mandibles, short and stout, cutting edge with 4 teeth, secondary 
cutting edge with 3 teeth, molar denticulate, spine-row with ca. 5 
plumose spines. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines, inner plate with 2 plumose 
setae and a minute setule. 

Second maxilla is remarkable in having only 2 lobes (in both 
specimens), the outer with 5-6 minutely serrate spines, the inner 
with about 12 spines and, on the inner apical angle, 2 long stout 
plumose setae. 

Maxillipeds 7-jointed, 7th joint much smaller than 6th, inner plate 
with about 10 apical spines and one strong coupling-hook, epipod 
lanceolate, slightly curved inwards. 

First peraeopods (gnathopods), 6th joint with 2 stout serrate spines 
on inner margin ; 6th joint of the other peraeopods with one serrate 
spine before the middle. Seventh joint in all the peraeopods strongly 
biunguiculate. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 205 


Male stylets on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, straight, slightly 
narrowed distally, with blunt apices. 

First and second pleopods with 6 hooked setz on inner apex 
of peduncle. 

Penial filament on the second pleopod nearly half as long again 
as rami. 

No plumose seta representing the outer ramus of the uropod. 

Length: 17 and 13 mm. ; breadth : 6 and 5 mm. 

Colour : In spirit, straw-colour, with minute dots, chiefly visible 
on the side-plates and pleon. A dark narrow medio-dorsal streak on 
peraeon, dividing on segments 1, 4, 7 to enclose an oval space rather 
lighter than the rest of the ground-colour. 

Locality : St. James, False Bay, on seaweed in rock-pools. (Dr, 
W. F. Purcell and Mrs, Purcell, Feb.—April, 1901.) 


Gen: SYNIDOTEA, Harger. 
For synonymy see Stebbing, 8. Afr. Crust. pt. 2, p. 59, 1902. 


SYNIDOTEA SETIFER, N. Sp. 
(Plate XVIII. A.) 


Body nearly parallel-sided, but tapering posteriorly, smooth. Head 
with prominent antero-lateral angles, the margin between them 
deeply excavate. 

Hyes large, prominent, 

Side-plates completely fused with their segments; inferior margin 
of 2nd and 3rd segments strongly angular, of 4th—7th segments 
straight. 

Pleon of two segments, the terminal one slightly narrower than 
the first, sides slightly convex and converging distally, apex emar- 
ginate, lateral angles acute. 

First antenna stout, 2nd: and 3rd joints not very much more 
slender than Ist, 4th joint a little longer than 2nd and 3rd combined, 
narrowing distally and fringed with about 9 tufts of setae, with 
a longer terminal seta. 

Second antenna, ultimate joint of peduncle rather shorter than the 
two preceding joints combined, flagellum 17-jointed, peduncle with 
long scattered setae. 

Hpistome not broader distally than upper lip, which is rather 
asymmetrically bilobed at the apex and fringed with long setae. 

Lower lip as in S. hirtipes, inner margin strongly fringed. 


206 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Mandibles, cutting-edge in the left 4-toothed, in the right 3-toothed, 
secondary cutting-edge 3-toothed, stronger in the left than in the 
right, spine-row with 7 serrate spines in both mandibles, molar pro- 
minent, denticulate, with setae on posterior margin. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 not very stout, serrate spines, 
inner plate with 2 long plumose setae. 

Second maxilla as in S. hirtipes. 

Maxillipeds as in S. hirtipes, but the epipod is symmetrically 
bevelled off on both inner and outer margins, instead of having an 
inward sloping apical margin. 

Peraeopods with long scattered setae, uniunguiculate. First 
peraeopods (gnathopods) rather stouter than the others, 5th joint with 
two small and indistinct tubercles on anterior margin, 6th joint 
expanded. Peraeopods 2-7, 5th and 6th joints with 3-4 tubercles on 
anterior margin. Peraeopods 6 and 7, 6th joint with 2 strongly 
serrate spine-setae at the apex of inner margin. 

Uropods, peduncle without oblique ridge, ramus not more than 
one-third length of peduncle, as broad as long, apex transversely 
truncate, outer angle rounded, 3 long plumose setae at outer apical 
angle of peduncle. 

Length: 15 mm.; breadth: 4 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, dull pinkish. 

Locality: 33° 3' 8. lat. 27° 57’ HE. long. 32 fathoms. s.s. “ Pieter 
Faure.”’ 28/12/98. 

One specimen, apparently an immature @. (5.A.M. No. A20.) 


Faminy ASTACILLIDAE. 


To the list of references given by Stebbing: 8. Afr. Crust. pt. 4, 
p. 50, 1908 (Ann. §.A.M. vol. vi. pt. 1), may be added :-— 


1911. Arctwridae, Koehler, Bull. Inst. océan. Monaco, No. 214, 
p-- 1: 


Gren. ARCTURUS, Latreille. 


1829. Arcturus, Latreille, in Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2nd ed. iv. p. 139. 
1886. Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, p. 85. 

1893. a Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 370. 

1904. i Whitelegge, Sci. Res. Exp. ‘‘ Thetis,” pt. 7, p. 406. 
1905. <* Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 327. 
1910. be id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 37, p. 97. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 207 


ARCTURUS (?) CORNIGER, Stebbing. 


1873. Arcturus corniger, Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xu. 
p. 96, pl. 3a, fig. 2. 
1908. 4. ee id. S. Afr. Crust. pt. 4, p. 51. 
Locality : Port Elizabeth. 


This species (which was omitted from the General Catalogue of 
S.A. Crustacea, Stebbing, 1910) bears a strong likeness to the 
species of Arctwropsis as regards the relative size of the 4th peraeon 
segment. The “marsupial pouch of the fourth segment has a row 
of tubercles below the hinge-line,’ but the number of pairs of 
marsupial pouches is not given. 

The pleon, judging from the figure, consists of one segment with 
lateral indications of another fused with it. 

The male is unknown, unless it is perhaps the following species, 
which was taken at same place and time. 

Stebbing (Le.) remarks that this species should probably be 
referred to Arcturella, but this was before Koehler _ instituted 
Arcturopsis. Its true position can therefore only be ascertained 
by the discovery of the male and the determination of the absence 
or presence of the g appendage on’ the 3rd (or 5th) peraeon 
segment. 


ARCTURUS (?) LINEATUS, Stebbing. 
1873. Arcturus lineatus, Stebbing, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xu. 
p. 97, pl. 3a, Fig. 3. 
STS. 55 i id. ibid. (4), xv. p. 187. 
Locality : Port Elizabeth. 


(This species was also omitted from the Catalogue). 

The sex is not stated. If a female it can hardly belong to the 
genus Arctwropsis, owing to the absence of lateral protuberances on 
the 4th peraeon segment. 


GEN. ARCTUROPSIS, Koehler. 
1911. Arcturopsis, Koehler, l.c. p. 8. 


ARCTUROPSIS HIRSUTUS, N. sp. 
(Plate XIX. A.) 


Sexual dimorphism, as usual in this genus, well marked. Head 
smooth in g, in ? with 2 setiferous tubercles between the eyes and 


208 Annals of the South African Museum. 


2 rather larger ones just behind these, anterior margin semicircularly 
excavate, antero-lateral angles subtruncate, eyes prominent, sub- 
triangular, dark. 

Peraeon segments 1-3 subequal in length, smooth in ¢,in @ with 
1 median setiferous tubercle. The first segment has the antero- 
lateral angles produced almost to the vertical from the hind margin 
of the eyes, where it meets a downward projection of the head 
(cheek). 

Fourth peraeon segment in g 6 times as long as 38rd, cylindrical, 
smooth with low inconspicuous median tubercle on posterior margin, 
in ? not quite 6 times as long as 3rd, broadest in front where the 
lateral margins are expanded to form a tubercle, posteriorly the 
margin forms an expanded denticulated wing, dorsum with 2 large 
setiferous bosses in front, behind these a blunt median spine and on 
the posterior margin 2 longer blunt spines. These spines are usually 
very feebly setose, especially the median one, but in the single 
specimen from False Bay all three bear strong tufts of setae. 

Peraeon segments 5-7 larger than the first three, the 5th rather 
larger than 6th or 7th, smooth in g with low median tubercles, in 
? with stronger setiferous tubercles. 

Side-plates not marked on first segment, on the 2nd and 3rd small 
in g but large and tubercular in ?, on the 4th small and indistinct 
in both sexes, on 5th 6th and 7th large and tubercular in both 
Sexes, 

The above applies to the ovigerous ¢. The young @ has less 
prominent non-setose dorsal tubercles. : 

Pleon composed of 3 short basal segments and the long telson, all 
completely fused, the junctions being marked by furrows only, 
smooth and glabrous in both sexes. 

First antenna, reaching almost to the middle of 3rd joint of second 
antenna, Ist joint broad, bluntly produced on inner margin, 2nd and 
3rd joints subequal, flagellum as long as peduncle, broadest a little 
way from base, then tapering to a blunt apex, with apical tuft of 
setules, and long marginal sensory filaments ca. 15 in g, ca. 10 
In Oe 

Second antenna, lst and 2nd joints short, 3rd joint equal to 1st 
and 2nd together, 5th joint equal to 2nd and 8rd together, 4th joint 
a little longer, inner and lower surfaces of 3rd and, to a less extent, 
4th joints with short blunt tubercles in ¢, smooth in 9, flagellum 
half length of 5th peduncular joint, its 1st joint long, 2nd joint one- 
quarter length of lst, 3rd joint one-third length of 2nd, junction 
between 2nd and 3rd obscure, 3rd joint bearing a strong apical 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 209 


tooth, inner margins of all 3 joints with close-set sharp teeth and a 
few scattered setae. 

Hpistome not broader than upper lip, which is twice as broad as 
long and asymmetrically bilobed, with fringe of setae. 

Lower lip, lobes short and stout, apices rounded truncate. 
Mandibles, cutting-edge quadridentate, secondary cutting-edge 
tridentate in left, bidentate in right, spine-row with 3 spines in 
left, 2 in right, molar prominent, bifid and strongly denticulate 
in right, entire in left. 

First maxilla, inner plate with 3 stout plumose setae and a minute 
spinule, outer plate with 9 spines serrate on their outer edges. 

Second maxilla, outer plate with 4 serrate spines, narrower than 
middle plate which has 5 serrate spines, inner plate nearly twice as 
broad as other two plates together, with numerous plumose setae. 

Maxillipeds 3g, 4th 5th and 6th joints expanded internally, 7th joint 
short and stout, inner plate truncate, with 1 strong coupling-hook 
set a little within the inner margin, inner margins when in situ are 
bent inwards, and fringed with stout plumose setae, epipod ovate, 
reaching to middle of 4th joint. In the female similar, but 4th 5th 
and 6th joints are less expanded, the epipod very large, irregular 
rectangular, reaching to middle of 5th joint, basal joint has a laminar 
expansion pointing posteriorly and helping perhaps to produce a 
current of water in the brood chamber. It is present also in the 
young ?, but not so strongly developed. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod) similar in both sexes, 2nd joint 
longest, curved, 3rd and 4th joints short with few setae, 5th joint as 
long as 3rd and 4th together, 6th joint not so long, 7th joint short, 
blunt, as long as width of 6th, 5th 6th and 7th joints with thick 
fringe of long setae, some doubly serrate, others simple. Unguis 
longer than 7th joint. 

Second, third and fourth peraeopods, 3rd joint shortest, 4th and 
5th joints subequal, 6th longest, no trace of a 7th joint, all joints, 
especially 4th Sth and 6th, with long simple setae on inner 
margin. 

Fifth, sixth and seventh peraeopods, 2nd joint longest, 4th and 5th 
joints subequal, 6th joint equal to 3rd, 7th joint half as long as 6th 
with strong apical tooth, unguis as long as width of 7th joint. 

Marsupial plates developed on Ist 2nd 3rd and 4th peraeopods, 
1st pair distinct in young @ as well as in ovigerous @, lanceolate, 
Qnd and 38rd pairs shorter and broader, 4th pair large, posterior 
margin with short inset lobe, 2 or 3 setiferous tubercles below hinge- 
line. The young ? has shorter marsupial plates, the 4th pair being 


210 Annals of the South African Museum. 


very shallow and not expanded. In the specimen from False Bay 
the tubercles are absent. 

The male appendage on 3rd peraeon segment in both young and 
adult takes the form of a low button-like protuberance, posteriorly 
bilobed. 

The male stylet on 7th peraeon segment only slightly tapering, 
with blunt apex. 

First pleopod, peduncle with obliquely transverse row of 5 plumose 
spine-setae near base, rami a little longer than peduncle, broadest 
distally, outer ramus with 3 strong plumose setae near base, both 
margins and apex with long plumose setae, outer margin (next outer 
ramus) of inner ramus without setae. In @? only the apices are 
setose. 

Second pleopod g, peduncle stouter than in first pleopod, with 
transverse row of ca. 5 spines at about the middle, rami longer than 
peduncle, penial filament longer than ramus, very narrow and 
deeply bifurcate at apex. (This seems to be more correct than 
describing it as ending in 2 long setae.) 

Third—fifth pleopods ovate-lanceolate. 

Uropods, elongate lanceolate, proximal end rounded, distal end 
tapering, distal part of hinge margin fringed with plumose setae, 
exposed ramus triangular, longer than broad, minutely setulose all 
round, without spine, concealed ramus two-thirds length of exposed 
ramus, and rather over one-third its width, with 2 long apical 
setae. 

Length g : 12mm.; 9: 10mm. Second antennae g: 8 mm. ; 
O26 ina: 

Length of 2 from False Bay: 8 mm. 

Colour : In spirit, yellowish white. 

Locality : 10 miles N. of Robben Island, Table Bay. 28 fathoms. 
3 g and 9 2 (with ova and embryos). 28/10/97. False Bay (Seal 
Island, SW. 4 S. distant # mile). 11 fathoms. 1 ? with embryos. 
12/11/02. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. Nos. Ad4 and Ad3.) 


This species is very near Arcturus corniger, Stebbing. This latter, 
however, has 6 tubercles (2 median, 1 anterior pair and 1 posterior 
pair) instead of 5 on the 4th peraeon segment; the body is not 
setose ; and the marsupial plate on the 4th segment has a row of 
tubercles (6 in the figure) below the hinge-line. 

I have placed this species in the genus Arcturopsis on account of 
its general shape and the presence of an appendage on the 3rd 
peraeon segment in the g. This last feature Koehler says is 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 211 


absolutely characteristic of his genus. He is also equally positive 
that the 4 species which he assigns to it have only 3 pairs of 
marsupial plates in the @. But the present species has 4 pairs 
distinct both in the ovigerous and the young females. 

It would seem that this character by itself is not enough to delimit 
the genera of Astacillidae ; for in Astacilla it is stated that there is 
only 1 pair, attached to the 4th segment (Stebbing, 1893, Sars, 1897, 
Richardson, 1905), while in 1910 Richardson corrects her previous 
statement and says there are 2 pairs in 4. granulata, caeca and 
dilatata; and in 1911 Koehler maintains that <A. granulata, 
longicornis, deshayesw and his own mediterranea have 3 pairs. 


ARCTUROPSIS HIRSUTUS, var. SUBGLABER. 


Very similar to the female of A. hirsutus, differing only in the 
following points. ; 

Body less setose. Head with only two tubercles. Peraeon 
segments 1-3 and 5-7 without medio-dorsal tubercles, the side-plates 
only being tubereular. Fourth segment with an anterior pair of 
bosses and a posterior pair of tubercles, lateral tubercles not very 
prominent, postero-lateral margin not much expanded, not 
denticulate. 

There are four pairs of marsupial plates, of which the fourth has 
a row of 4 inconspicuous tubercles below the hinge-line. 

Uropods, concealed ramus bears 3 long apical spines and 1 
short one. 

The second antennae are incomplete. 

Length: 17 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, whitish. 

Locality : St. Helena Bay (Paternoster Point SE. 2? S. distant 
9 miles). 80 fathoms. 1 9 with ova. s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure.’ 7/3/02. 
(S.A.M. No. Ad2.) 


I am unwilling to make this a new species in the absence of more 
material, though the distinguishing characters seem to have more 
than varietal value. The smaller size and thicker coating of setae 
of A. hirsutus may possibly be due to the warmer water of Table 
Bay. As noted above, the specimen of A. hirsutus from False Bay 
(i.e. from the warm Agulhas current) is smaller and more strongly 
setose than those specimens from Table Bay. These three forms 
therefore constitute a series, with a rather wide gap between the 
Table Bay form and the St. Helena Bay form. 


212 Annals of the South African Museum. 


GEN. ANTARCTURUS, zur Strassen. 
ANTARCTURUS KLADOPHOROS, Stebbing. 


(Plate XVIII. B.) 


1908. Antarcturus kladophoros, Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 53, 
pl. 32 (where also a discussion of the genus will be 
found). 

Stebbing’s description was based on a single female. The 
following is a description of the male. 

Body narrow and cylindrical, without setae. 

Head, anterior margin with semicircular excavation, antero-lateral 
angles blunt, shorter than diameter of the large and prominent eye, 
inferior margin straight, without cheeks but with 2 small teeth, 
2 low blunt tubercles between the eyes and behind these 2 long 
spines, knobbed at ends and standing on broad boss-like bases. 
Peraeon segments 1-3 not quite as long as head, subequal, covered 
with scattered granules, lst not produced downwards and forwards. 
Fourth segment as long as head and first 3 peraeon segments 
together, granular dorsally and ventrally, the largest of the granules 
tooth-like and pointing backwards, 2 large teeth on posterior margin 
curving backwards, postero-lateral angles produced into rounded 
lobes. Sixth and seventh segments rather shorter than fifth, all 
three granulate. 

Side-plates distinct, 5th 6th and 7th triangular, 2nd and 38rd 
small and not prominent, lst and 4th forming downwardly produced 
rounded lobes. 

First antenna, Ist joint without spine, flagellum longer than 
peduncle, with apical setae and 20 marginal filaments in pairs. 

Second antenna, Ist joint with 1 blunt tubercle, 2nd joint with 
3 on upper surface, 3rd joint with 3 on upper surface and 6—7 on 
lower surface, 4th joint shorter than 5th, both long and slender 
with a few setules, flagellum two-thirds fifth joint, 6-jointed, last 
joint with small apical tooth. 

Upper and lower lips as in 2. 

Mandibles as in 2, spine-row with 3 spines, molar strongly 
denticulate. First maxilla, outer plate with 11 spines, inner with 3 
(2 long and 1 short) plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer plate with 5 plumose setae, middle one with 
3, Inner plate with numerous plumose setae. 

Maxillipeds as in 9, inner plate squarely truncate, with plumose 
setae but no coupling-hook, epipod obovate reaching to end of 
2nd joint. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 2138 


First peraeopod (gnathopod), 5th 6th 7th joints with long doubly 
serrate setae, distal third of 7th joint suddenly narrowed, unguis 
one-third length of 7th joint, otherwise as in @. 

Peraeopods 2, 3, 4 becoming successively longer. In second 
peraeopod 2nd joint equals 4th, 3rd joint twice length of 5th, all 
with blunt spines, 6th joint not quite as long as 5th, 7th joint 
one-quarter length of 6th, tipped with exceedingly long unguis 
and a much shorter spine, finger and unguis together equal to 
6th joint. 

Third peraeopod, 2nd joint longer than 2nd joint of peraeopod 2, 
3rd and 4th joints subequal, both shorter than 2nd, 5th joint equals 
2nd and 3rd together, 6th joint a little shorter, 7th joint and unguis 
as in peraeopod 2. 

Fourth peraeopod, 2nd joint longer than 3rd and 4th together 
and equal to dth, 6th joint shorter than 6th in 2nd and 38rd 
peraeopods, unguis also shorter. 

Peraeopods 5, 6, 7 decreasing in length and stoutness, as in ?, 
but armature is not so strong, especially on 3rd joint, on which joint 
in peraeopods 6 and 7 it is obsolete. 

Male stylet on 7th peraeon segment lanceolate, sides straight, 
apex blunt, slightly incurved. There is no appendage on the third 
or fifth segments. 

First pleopod, inner margin peduncle has ca. 12 hooked spines, 
otherwise as in ?, except that distal end of exopod is produced 
outwards, and apex is shallowly trifid. 

Second pleopod, peduncle short, rami long obovate, penial filament 
narrow, strongly curved at base, distally tapering to a single long 
point reaching to end of the plumose setae on apices of the rami. 

Third—fifth pleopods, rami elongate lanceolate. 

Uropods as in ?, but the denticles on the surface are blunter and 
more granular. 

Length: 18 mm.; breadth: 1°75 mm.; depth: 15 mm. Second 
antenna: 20 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, pinkish. 

Locality : Cape St. Francis NH. distant 29 miles. 175 fathoms. 
9396. ss. “Pieter Faure.” 19/2/02. (S.A:M, No, Ad!) 


NEOARCTURUS, n. g. 


Body cylindrical, without bend between 4th and dth peraeon 
segments. 
Fourth peraeon segment not longer than the third. 
17 


214 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Side-plates distinct on all segments (except first ?). 
Pleon of 4 fused segments. 
Second antennae with 3-jointed flagellum. 


NEOARCTURUS OUDOPS, n. sp. 
(Plates XVIII. C and XIX. B.) 


Body granular, without bend between 4th and 5th peraeon seg- 
ments; head longer than broad, anterior margin excavate, antero- 
lateral angles blunt, no cheeks, a transverse groove dividing two low 
rounded and granular dorsal ridges, no eyes. 

Peraeon, all the segments about equal in length, the anterior ones 
being a little longer than the posterior ones, antero-lateral angles of 
the Ist segment not much produced, the first four segments with 
two transverse angular dorsal ridges, the anterior of which is smaller 
than the posterior, the three last segments with one large transverse 
ridge. 

Side-plates distinct on all the segments (including the first ?). 
Pleon of four fused segments, the dividing grooves being distinct, 
first segment small and short, second large and swollen, the fourth 
(telson) with lateral subapical wings. 

First antenna, 1st joint stout, 3rd joint short and geniculate, 
flagellum a little longer than 2nd joint, with 6 pairs of sensory 
filaments and 2 apical setae. 

Second antenna, lst and 2nd joints short, 3rd 4th and 5th 
becoming gradually more slender, 4th a little longer than 3rd and 
oth a little longer than 4th, flagellum as long as dth joint, 3-jointed, 
the 2nd joint being the longest. 

Upper lip shallow, semicircular, very minutely hirsute. 

Lower lip, lobes broad, inner angles excised. 

Mandibles, the left strongly angular, cutting-edge tridentate, 
secondary cutting-edge bidentate, spine-row with 3 spines, molar 
prominent, quadrate; the right straight, both cutting-edges entire 
and rather feeble, spine-row with one feeble spine, molar strong, 
oblique, with setae on posterior surface. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 9-10 spines, inner plate with 
2 spines and some setules. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 3 spines, inner with 
numerous spines. 

Maxillipeds, 1st joint strong, 3rd joint short, 7th joint short and 
blunt, 5th 6th and 7th joints with pectinate setae, inner plate with 
rather sharp inner angle, setose but without coupling-hooks, epipod 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 216 


lanceolate, reaching to middle of 4th joint, margins smooth. 
First peraeopod (gnathopod), 3rd 4th and 5th joints short, 6th 
joint ovate-fusiform, posterior margins of 5th and 6th joints with 
pectinate setae, 7th joint two-thirds length of 6th,  setose, 
biunguiculate. 

Second, third and fourth peraeopods similar to one another 
except that the 2nd joint is barely longer than 3rd in peraeopod 
2, longer in peraeopod 3 and twice as long in peraeopod 4, 3rd and 
4th joints short in all three peraeopods, 5th and 6th joints subequal, 
7th joint three-quarters as long as 6th, bearing in peraeopods 2 and 
3 1 very long and 1 shorter unguis, the longer one nearly twice 
length of 7th joint, and in peraeopod 4 2 short ungues, the longer 
of which is not half the length of 7th joint, inner margins of 
2nd—6th joints with long setae. 

Fifth, sixth and seventh peraeopods similar to one another except 
that 2nd joint is long and narrow in peraeopod 5, shorter and some- 
what ovate in peraeopod 6 and still shorter, strongly ovate and equal 
to the 3rd joint in peraeopod 7, 4th and 5th joints short, 6th joint 
with 4 curved spines on hind margin, each spine bearing a little 
tuft of setules on its outer edge, 3rd and 6th joints subequal, 7th 
joint shorter than 6th, setose, biunguiculate. 

Male stylet on seventh peraeon segment, margins sinuous, apex 
deeply bifid, the lobes blunt. 

No appendage on the 3rd or 5th peraeon segment. 

First pleopod, peduncle with ca. 10 teeth on outer margin and 
3 hooked spines on inner margin, endopod a little longer than 
peduncle, with plumose setae, exopod nearly twice length of 
peduncle, outer margin bearing 5 simple setae followed by 6 
plumose setae, after which is a deep incision, the apex is bifid, 
the outer and longer lobe spoon-shaped, with strong teeth on 
inner margin and apically hirsute, inner lobe with plumose setae, 
a setose ridge runs nearly whole length of exopod, ending on 
the inner margin of the outer lobe. 

Second pleopod, peduncle short and broad, outer margin with 
2 plumose setae, inner with 3 hooked spines, rami equal, with 
plumose setae, penial filament rather longer than rami, broadened 
and bilobed distally, the inner lobe longer and narrower than the 
outer. Third, fourth and fifth pleopods lanceolate, the endopods of 
the third and fourth pairs shorter than the exopods. 

Uropods elongate lanceolate, proximally rounded, minutely 
setulose on both margins, outer margin distally with long plumose 
setae and a short stout spine at the junction with the exposed lobe, 


216 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


which is triangular and has a minute setule on either side of the 
terminal spine, concealed lobe very small ending in one long seta. 

Length : 5mm. 

Colour : In spirit, whitish. 

Locality : Cape Point NE. by E. 1 E., distant 384 miles. 755 
fathoms. 13. s.s. “Pieter Faure.” 23/6/05. (S.A.M. No. A69.) 


This form seems to require the institution of a new genus, though 
the absence of the female is greatly to be regretted. 

The composition of the pleon separates Neoarctwrus from all the 
other genera except Arcturopsis, Arcturella and Arcturina; from 
these it differs in the fourth peraeon segment not being longer than 
the third, thus resembling Arcturus. The latter, however, has more 
than four joints in the flagellum of the second antennae, whereas 
this species has only three. Arctwrina is distinguished by the 
aberrant structure of the 2nd, 8rd and 4th peraeopods and 4Arc- 
turopsis by the presence of an appendage on the 3rd (or 5th) 
peraeon segment in the male. 

Lastly, it approaches Antarcturus in the absence of coupling- 
hooks on the maxillipeds and the peculiar first pleopods in the 
male. The shape of the apex of the exopod of the latter in N. ouwdops 
can be regarded as an exaggerated and ornate development of that 
found in A. kladophoros. 


Gen. PLEUROPRION, zur Strassen. 
1902. Antares, zur Strassen, Zool. Anz. xxv. p. 687 (nom. preocc.). 
1903. Pleuroprion, id. ibid. xxvi. p. 31. 
1905. 5 Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 342. 
1908. ¥ Stebbing, 8. Afr. Crust. pt. 4, pp. 51, 52. 


PLEUROPRION CHUNI, zur Strassen. 
1902. Antares chum, zur Strassen, Zool. Anz. xxv. p. 687, text-fig. 4. 
1903. Plewroprion chuni, id. ibid. xxvi. p. 31. 


One g and one @ from the Agulhas Bank, 156 metres 
(“« Valdivia’’) (omitted from the General Catalogue, 1910). 


Famity STENETRITDAE. 


1905. Stenetriidae, Hansen, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1904, ii. 2. 
p. 315. 
1905. i Richardson, Bull. U.SNat. Mus. No. 54, p. 439. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 217 


Gen. STENETRIUM, Haswell. 
1881. Stenetrium, Haswell, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 5, p. 478. 


1886. 4 Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, p. 8. 
1905. * Hansen, l.c. pp. 303, 316. (Conspectus specierum.) 
1905. sé Stebbing, in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 


Rep. xxiii. pp. 48, 53 (where previous references 
are given). 
1906. . Nobili, Bull. Mus. Paris, 12, p. 266. 
1910. " Richardson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23. 
p. 110; 


STENETRIUM CRASSIMANUS, 0. sp. 
(Plate XX. A.) 


Whole body, in g more so than ?, covered with rather long 
hairs, which are especially numerous on the pleon. 

Antero-lateral angles of the head slightly bent inwards, teeth 
forming the inner angles of the sockets for the second antennae 
fairly prominent, rostrum longer than broad with blunt apex. Eyes 
kidney-shaped. First segment of the peraeon rather longer than 
the rest, its antero-lateral angles strongly produced. 

Lateral margin of pleon with one tooth. 


First antenna, Ist joint largest, 2nd joint shorter than 3rd, much 
shorter than Ist, flagellum not quite as long as peduncle, composed 
of ca. 12 joints very indistinctly separated. 

Second antenna, Ist joint acutely produced externally, apex with 
1 tooth and 4 setae, 3rd joint rather longer than 1st and 2nd com- 
bined, exopod widening distally, 4th joint the shortest, 6th joint a 
little shorter than 5th, flagellum a little longer than peduncle, with 
many short scarcely separated joints. 

Upper lip apically rounded ; epistome with distal margin bidentate 
in the centre. 

Lower lip, lobes with inner margin straight, outer strongly 
sinuous, apices setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-toothed, secondary cutting-edge in 
left mandible 3-toothed, in the right probably represented by 4 
serrate spines, spine-row in left mandible with 6 serrate spines and 
one arising from base of secondary cutting-plate, in the right with 
5 serrate spines; molar strong and prominent, with tufts of setae 
on posterior margin; palp strong, 2nd joint with 2 long serrate 


218 Annals of the South African Museum. 


spines and several shorter ones, 3rd joint falciform, with short 
marginal spines and longer serrate apical ones. 

First maxilla, inner lobe with 3 strong spines, 1 weaker one 
between the bases of the two inner spines, a small tooth and some 
fine setules, outer lobe with 11 more or less serrate spines. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle lobes with 4 spines, inner 
plate broader, with several serrate spines on inner margin. 

Maxillipeds, epipod reaches to apex of 4th joint, apex of inner 
plate with blunt teeth and serrate spines, three very short and 
broad coupling-hooks. 

First paraeopod (gnathopod) male, 3rd joint strongly and acutely 
produced on upper margin, 4th joint subacutely produced, dth 
joint not produced on lower margin, 6th joint as broad as long, 
thick and convex above, with a thin laminar process below forming 
the palm and hind margin, front margin convex, setose, hind margin 
densely setose, about as long as the palm, which is transverse, 
setose, and has 2 strong teeth in the centre and a third tooth at its 
junction with the hind margin, finger curved, longer than palm, 
finely setulose. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod) female, much smaller than in ¢, 
3rd joint strongly and acutely produced on front margin, 4th joint 
likewise produced in front and also less strongly on hind margin, 
5th joint larger proportionately and squarer than in g, 6th joint 
half as long again as broad, margins nearly parallel, front margin 
with a few isolated setae, hinder densely setose, palm shorter than 
hind margin, transverse, defined by a strong spine and bearing a row 
of pectinate spines decreasing in length towards the hinge of the 
finger, where there is a bunch of longer setae, finger stout, only a 
little longer than palm, with spinulose inner margin. 

Second peraeopod (gnathopod) slender, 2nd joint as long as or a 
little longer than 3rd and 4th combined, 3rd joint a little longer 
than 4th, with 1 spine in centre of front margin, 4th joint produced 
in front, with 1 apical spine, 6th joint a little shorter than 2nd, 5th 
joint a little shorter than 6th, 7th joint one-third length of 6th, 
biunguiculate. 

Third-seventh peraeopods do not differ from the second peraeo- 
pods. 

First pleopod, male, peduncle with 2 submedian spines, each 
ramus with a long seta in the centre and a row of marginal setae. 

First pleopod, female, tapering distally with bifid apex. 

Second pleopod, male, as figured by Hansen but apex of penial 
filament is acutely pointed. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 219 


Third pleopod as figured by Hansen. 

Fourth pleopod. Hansen in his description of the genus Stene- 
trium, loc. cit. p. 305, says: “ . . . a two-jointed exopod, which is 
slightly longer and somewhat broader than the unjointed en- 
dopod. .. .” This conflicts somewhat with his figure, pl. xx. 
fig. 2k. Stebbing describes and figures the exopod of the fourth 
pleopod of S. chiltont as narrower than the endopod, and this 
is also the case in the present species. 

Fifth pleopod, short and broad, distal end obliquely truncate, 
apex setulose. 

Uropod, peduncle shorter than rami, of which the inner is rather 
longer than the outer, apical setae long and slightly plumose, the 
others shorter and simple. 

Length: T7mm.; breadth: 2mm. Second antennae: 5 mm. 

Colour: Greyish white, peraeon with faint indications of a darker 
median line, most marked on the last three segments. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay, under rocks, low tide. 29/4/12. 
(Coll. K.H.B.) One g, one 9 with ova. (S.A.M. No. A2261.) 

The distribution of the genus is cosmopolitan, species having 
been recorded from shallow water in New Zealand, Australia, Siam, 
Ceylon, the West Indies, and the ‘‘ Challenger’ obtained a deep- 
water form off the Rio de la Plata in 8. America. With the possible 
exception of S. mediterranewm, Hansen, 1905, which Richardson, 
1910, says is synonymous with Jaera longicornis, the genus seems 
absent from European waters. 


Faminy JAERIDAHE. 


1897. Ianiridae, G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. ii. p. 98. 
1905. Parasellidae (part), Hansen, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1904, ii. 
pt. 2, p. 315. 
1905. Janiridae, Stebbing, in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23, p. 48. 
1905. “s Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 448. 
1910. Jaeridae, Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 31, p. 224. 


GEN. JANIRA, Leach. 


1814. Janira, Leach, Edinb, Encyel. vu. p. 434. 

1829. Oniscoda, Latrielle, Cuy. Regne Anim. 2nd ed. iv. p. 141. 
1840. a M. Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. iii. p. 151. 
1847. Henopomus, Kroyer, Naturh. Tidskr. (2) ii. p. 366. 


220 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


1853. Asellodes, Stimpson, Mar. Invert. Grand Manan. p. 41. 
1886. Janira, Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, pt. 48, p. 5. 


19S. A. O. Walker, Tr. Biol. Soc. Liverp. vol. 12, p. 280. 

190555 5; Stebbing, in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23, p. 49. 

SiO ae Stebbing, J. Linn. Soe. Lond. vol. 31, p. 224. 


JANIRA CAPENSIS, n. sp. 
(Plate XX. B.) 


Body nearly parallel-sided, greatest width in the middle, covered 
with small slender spines which are strongest on the lateral margins 
of the peraeon. 

Head, anterior margin somewhat produced, straight in centre, 
slightly concave in front of the eyes, which are large, oval, black, 
near the lateral margin. Peraeon, antero-lateral angles of the 
segments produced as small spiniferous lobes, side-plates 1-4 
bilobed, side-plates 5-7 extending beyond postero-lateral angles of 
the segments, notched. 

Pleon nearly circular, lateral margins minutely denticulated, 
surface spiniferous, about 7 rather long slender spines on lateral 
margin and a row of close-set spines at the apex between the uropods. 

First antenna reaches to apex of 5th peduncular joint of second 
antenna, basal joint of peduncle strongest, 3rd joint shorter than 
2nd, 4th joint very small, flagellum 14 times length of peduncle, 
17-jointed, setose and with sensory filaments. 

Second antenna longer than body, exopod on 3rd joint well 
developed, with apical tuft of spines, 5th joint rather shorter than 
6th, flagellum a little longer than peduncle, multiarticulate, rather 
feebly setose. 

Upper lip a little broader than long, apex rounded, with short 
fine setules. 

Lower lip, lobes broad and stout, outer margin very convex, 
inner apical angles setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge with (4 or) 5 teeth, secondary cutting-edge 
in the left mandible similar, spine-row with 6 spines in the left, 8 in 
the right mandible, palp 1st joint shortest, 2nd joint longest, with 
a row of ca. 7 spines near apex, 3rd joint gently curved with 
marginal and apical spines. 

First maxilla, outer plate with ca. 9 spines, most of them serrate 
on their inner margins, inner plate half as wide as outer, apex 
rounded, with 4 strong spine-setae and numerous setules. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 221 


Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 3 long spines, inner 
plate nearly twice as wide, with numerous setae. 

Maxillipeds, 2nd joint stout, width equals outer margin, 3rd joint 
twice as broad as long, 4th joint and proximal half of 5th broad, 
Sth joint narrowing rapidly distally, 6th joint not very slender, 
7th joint shorter than 6th, inner plate with rounded-truncate 
spinose apex, inner margin with 2-3 short stout coupling-hooks, 
epipod reaching to the 4th joint, oblong, outer distal margin 
obliquely truncate, not setose. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod) ¢ , 3rd joint two-thirds length of 2nd, 
4th joint half length of 3rd and shortly produced in front, 5th joint 
equal to 2nd, hind margin slightly expanded, with one long stout 
apical spine and one shorter subapical one, 6th joint slender, equal 
to the 5th, setose on both margins, 7th joint very short, biunguiculate 
with small tooth at base of ungues. 

Second and following peraeopods similar to first but stouter and 
rather shorter, expansion on 5th joint not so marked, apical and 
subapical spines small, inner margin of 6th joint with solitary 
spines, outer margin setose, triunguiculate. 

First pleopods g, peduncles fused basally, diverging distally, with 
well-developed rami. 

Second pleopod 3, peduncle longer than broad, narrowing distally, 
exopod arising at apex of peduncle, distal portion of penial filament 
a little longer than peduncle. 

Third pleopod, outer ramus stout, longer than and nearly as broad 
as inner, 2-jointed, inner ramus with 3 apical plumose setae. 

Fourth pleopod, widest portion of outer ramus only half the width 
of inner, 2nd joint tapering, with apical setae. 

Uropods, both rami longer than peduncle, outer shorter than 
inner, both margins undulate and with groups of spines, apices 
also with spines. 

Length: 4mm.; breadth: 2mm. Second antennae: 6 mm. 

Colour: Whitish, with minute stellate specks of dark pigment. 

Locality : Sea Point, Cape Town. 25/4/98. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.) 
1g. St. James, False Bay. 11/8/12. (Coll. K.H.B.) 5g 3. Under 
stones at low tide. (S.A.M. No. A2263.) 


Gen. IANIROPSIS, G. O. Sars. 
1897. Ianiropsis, G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. ii. p. 102. 
1904. Janiropsis, Richardson, Harriman Alaska Exp. Crust. 10, 
p. 221. 


222 Annals of the South African Museum. 


1904. Janiropsis, Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27, p. 665. 
1910. 3 Thielemann, Abh. Ak. Wiss, Miinchen. Suppl. 2, 
Abh. 3, p. 70. . 


TANIROPSIS PALPALIS, n. sp. 
(Plate XXI. A.) 


Body nearly parallel-sided ; surface smooth, only a few short 
setae on the lateral margins. 

Head, anterior margin not very produced, front slightly concave, 
antero-lateral angles obsolete, eyes small, oblong, dark, some little 
distance from the lateral margin. 

Peraeon, antero-lateral angles not much produced, side-plates 
bilobed. 

Pleon rather longer than broad, tapering very gently, apex flatly 
rounded, with a row of setae, postero-lateral angles not prominent, 
with a row of setae, margins entire. 

First antenna reaches to middle of 5th peduncular joint of second 
antenna, basal joint strongest, 3rd joint a little longer but more 
slender than 2nd, 4th joint very small, flagellum 10-jointed in ¢g, 
7-jointed in 2, with only a few sensory filaments. 

Second antenna longer than body, exopod on 3rd joint well 
developed, setiferous, 5th joint a little shorter than 6th, flagellum 
about as long as peduncle, multiarticulate, feebly setose. 

Upper lip as broad as long, with fine apical setae. 

Lower lip, lobes broad, inner and outer margins equally 
convex, so that inner angle becomes an apical angle, beset with 
setae. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge with 5 teeth, secondary cutting-edge in 
left mandible with 5 teeth, spine-row with 6 spines and a blunt tooth 
below them, molar prominent, denticulate, 2nd joint of palp slightly 
the longest, with 2 long stout setae, 3rd joint curved, with apical and 
marginal setae. 

First maxilla, outer plate with ca. 10 serrate spines, inner plate 
with 4 spines and several setules. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 3 spines, inner plate 
not quite twice as broad, with several spines and setules. 

Maxillipeds ¢, width of 2nd joint equal to inner margin, 4th joint 
very broad, expanded on both margins, 5th joint as long as 1, 2, 3 
combined, 6th joint slender and a little shorter than 5th, 7th joint 
still more slender and a little shorter than 6th, inner plate rounded- 
truncate, with apical spines and 2 stout coupling-hooks near its base, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 223 


epipod small, reaching apex of 3rd joint, outer margin strongly 
angular. 

Maxillipeds 9, 4th joint not so much expanded as in 3, as long 
as broad, dth joint half as long as 4th, 6th joint a little shorter than 
4th, 7th joint equal to 5th, epipod scarcely reaching apex of 
3rd joint. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod) similar in both sexes, 2nd joint 
longest, 5th joint equal to 3rd, fusiform, not expanded, outer 
margin with a few setae, inner margin with shorter and more 
numerous setae, 6th joint not quite as long as 5th, 7th joint minute, 
biunguiculate. 

Second and following peraeopods stouter and rather shorter, 2nd 
and 3rd joints both shorter than 5th, 7th joint triunguiculate. 

Marsupial plates on segments 2, 3, 4. 

First pleopod ¢ , distally expanded, without rami. 

First pleopod ¢ (operculum) broader than long, rounded ; distal 
margin concave. 

Second pleopod ¢, peduncle apically pointed, exopod arising some 
distance from apex, penial filament not projecting much beyond apex 
of peduncle. 

Third pleopod, outer ramus apically blunt, with 3 strong plumose 
setae, one on outer angle, two on inner, inner ramus almost straight, 
suture between its 2 joints oblique, 2nd joint not projecting much 
beyond apex of outer ramus. 

Fourth pleopod, inner ramus 1-jointed, half as long as outer 
ramus, narrow and tapering to an acute point, outer margin (away 
from outer ramus) setulose. 

Uropods two-thirds length of pleon, peduncle nearly one-third 
length of pleon, rami longer than peduncle, inner ramus longer than 
outer, with apical and marginal groups of setae. 

Length: 4mm.; breadth: 1mm. Second antennae: 6 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, whitish, with dark pigment specks, circular 
(more or less) in the adult, stellate in younger specimens. 

Locality: Sea Point, Cape Town. 19/5/96. (R. M. Lightfoot.) 
Several ¢ ¢ and 2 ¢? ? (one with ova). (S.A.M. No. A252.) 

Kalk Bay, False Bay. 26/5/96. (R. M. Lightfoot.) Several g g 
and young. (S.A.M. No. A261.) 

This species closely resembles I. longiantennata, Thielemann. The 
second antennae, however, are even longer proportionately than in 
that species, the shape of the head is different, the maxillipeds in 
the ¢ differ in the 4, 5, 6, 7 joints, and the epipod in both sexes 
does not extend beyond the apex of 3rd joint. 


224 Annals of the South African Museum. 


The genus contains only 4 other species, viz.: I. breviremus, G. O. 
Sars, 1897, from Norway, I. californica, Richardson, 1904, from Cali- 
fornia, I. kincaidi, Richardson 1904, from Alaska, and I. longian- 
tennata, Thielemann 1910, from Japan. 


Gren. JAEROPSIS, Koehler. 


1885. Jaeropsis, Koehler, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 6, vol. 19, art. 1, p. 2. 
1886. o Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, p. 20. 


1893. Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 379. 

1905. as id. in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. Rep. 23, 
p. 00: 

1909. a Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 36, p. 421. 


JAEROPSIS CURVICORNIS, (Nicolet). 
(Plate XX. C.) 


1849. Jaera curvicornis, Nicolet, in Gay’s Hist. de Chile. Zool. vol. 3 
p. 263. pl. 3, fig. 10. 
1891. Jaeropsis neo-zelanica, Chilton, Tr. N.Z. Inst. vol. 24, p. 267. 


1902. a curvicornis, Richardson, Tr. Conn. Acad. Sei. vol. ii. 
p. 298. 
1905. , 4 Stebbing, l.c. p. 51, pl. xi. (C). 


The single specimen differs only in details from the descriptions 
of Chilton and Stebbing ; both the latter, like Nicolet’s, were based 
on females, whereas this specimen is a male. 

The head is broader than long, the antero-lateral angles not so 
produced as in Stebbing’s figure; the eyes are dark. 

Second antenna, 5th joint not denticulate on inner (front) margin 
as in Stebbing’s figure. 

Mandibles, the spine-row has 10 spines. 

The apex of the pleon between bases of the uropods is convex ; in 
Stebbing’s figure it is emarginate. The lateral margins have 3 teeth 
on one side, 4 on the other. 

First pleopods very little expanded distally, with rami. 

Second pleopods, peduncle lanceolate, exopod arising some distance 
from apex, male stylet hardly projecting beyond its apex. 

Third pleopods, inner ramus with 3 apical strong plumose setae, 
outer ramus very little longer than inner, 2-jointed, 2nd joint apically 
pointed, 

Fourth pleopods, outer ramus minute. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 225 


The uropods have a tooth at the apex of the peduncle. 

Length: 35 mm.; breadth: 0:75 mm. 

Colour : Whitish. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. 29/4/12. (Coll. K.H.B.) 1 @. 
(S.A.M. No. A2262). 

Distribution : Chile, New Zealand, and Ceylon. 


Famiry MUNNOPSIDAHE. 
1861. Munnopsidae, M. Sars, Chr. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1860, p. 84. 


1893. . Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 383. 

LEON: a G. O. Sars. Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 132. 

1905. a Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 485. 

1905. Parasellidae (part), Hansen, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1904, ii. 2, 
p. 315. 

1912. Munnopsidae, Richardson, Bull. Inst. océan. Monaco. No. 227, 
joy Je 


Gren.: MUNNOPSURUS, Richardson. 
1912. Munnopsurus, Richardson, l.c. p. 1. 


MUNNOPSURUS MIMUS, N. sp. 
(Plate XXI. B.) 


Body smooth, head broader than long, widest in front, more 
strongly calcified than any other part, anterior margin excavate. 

Peraeon, first segment as wide as head, lateral portions produced 
forwards, scabrous, second, third and fourth segments wider than 
head, third and fourth rather wider than second, antero-lateral angles 
scabrous and bearing 1 small spine each, fifth, sixth and seventh 
segments separated from anterior segments by a marked gap and not 
separated from one another as are the latter, with shallow median 
groove but no tubercles, lateral portions quadrate. 

Side-plates 1—4 bilobed, scabrous, 5-7 entire, not so angular as in 
M. arcticus, scabrous but less so than the 4 anterior ones, 

Pleon as long as broad, evenly rounded without median lobe. 

First antenna, Ist joint very stout, 2nd joint acutely produced 
internally, with 1 strong and 2 smaller spines, 3rd joint equal to 
2nd with one small spine on outer apical angle, 4th joint one-quarter 
as long, flagellum in g 4 times, in ? 14 times as long as peduncle, 
with long setae on lower edge. 

Second antenna, Ist joint small and developed chiefly on outside, 


226 Annals of the South African Museum. 


2nd joint broader than long, 3rd joint with acute projection on upper 
side covering the junction of the 4th joint, which consequently 
appears to be sunk in the 3rd, outer margin of 3rd joint with small 
but distinct and movable scale bearing 2-3 apical spines, inner 
margin slightly convex with 1 strong outstanding spine, 4th joint 
also hollowed out beneath to receive the 5th joint, 5th and 6th joints 
and the flagellum not preserved intact on any of the specimens, 5th 
joint measures 17 mm., the 6th joint 14 mm., and the flagellum 
30 mm., 6th joint about as slender as peraeopods 2-4, 5th joint a 
little stouter. 

Upper lip as broad as long, proximal portion triangular and 
forming a low blunt tubercle, distal margin evenly and rather flatly 
rounded, minutely hirsute. Hpistome strongly calcified, semicircular, 
embracing the proximal half of labrum. 

Lower lip, outer lobes broad, apices bluntly rounded, inner margin 
densely fringed, inner lobes well developed. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge bilobed in left, entire in right, molar 
stronger than in MW. arcticus, with small brush of setae. 

First maxilla, outer lobe with 12 spines, some of them minutely 
serrate on outer margins, inner lobe with incurved apex bearing 
2 long spine-setae and numerous fine setules. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle lobes similar, bearing long 
curved spine-setae, serrate on inner margins, inner lobe twice as 
broad with 16-18 rather shorter doubly-serrate spine-setae. 

Maxillipeds, 4th joint largest, 5th joint with outer margins short, 
inner margin expanded but not sharply produced, 6th joint strongly 
expanded internally, 7th joint slender and a little shorter than 6th, 
inner plate squarely truncate, with apical plumose setae and 8 
coupling-hooks near the base, epipod reaching half-way along 4th 
joint, lanceolate, apically pointed, inner margin nearly straight, 
outer convex and distally oblique. 

First peraeopods a little longer than body, 5th joint the longest, 
6th joint two-thirds length of 5th, 7th joint about one-seventh length 
of 6th. 

Second, third and fourth peraeopods very long, about 24 times 
length of body, 6th joint twice length of 5th, 7th joint one-quarter 
length of 6th, biunguiculate. 

Marsupial plates developed on peraeopods 1-4, not meeting in the 
middle line, except in the ovigerous ?, where the 2nd 3rd and 4th 
pairs are greatly enlarged. 

Fifth, sixth and seventh peraeopods, 5th joint strongly expanded 
posteriorly, narrowing rapidly distally, 6th joint symmetrically ovate, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 227 


less strongly expanded, both 5th and 6th joints with plumose setae 
on both margins, 3rd joint with a few plumose setae on posterior 
margin, 7th joint as long as width of 6th, very slender, margins 
minutely setulose, apex with 2-3 setae. 

Male appendages on 7th segment narrow, slender, distal three- 
quarters thread-like, not extending beyond the first pleopods. 

First pleopods 3, long and narrow, not apically expanded, rami 
projecting a little beyond the apices of peduncles. 

Operculum @ evenly rounded and without (or with very indistinct) 
keel. 

Second pleopods ¢, strongly contracted near the apex, male stylet 
barely longer than peduncle. 

Third pleopods, outer lobe 2-jointed, narrow, strongly curved but 
hardly reaching beyond apex of broad inner lobe. 

Fourth pleopod consists of 2 broad rather wrinkled lamellae, the 
anterior one being smaller and fitting within the posterior one, which 
fits within the still larger and similarly wrinkled fifth pleopod, which 
consists of only a single lamella. 

Uropods small, peduncle barely projecting beyond margin of pleon, 
inner ramus as long as peduncle, with 2 apical spines, outer ramus a 
little longer, with 3 apical spines and a few setae. 

Length: § 11mm. 9 14mm.; breadih: g 4mm. 2? 5mm. 

Colour : In spirit, whitish or faintly pinkish. 

Locality: Lion’s Head SH. +58. distant 50 miles, 230 fathoms; 
24 99? (some with ova) and 4g g. 2/4/02. Cape Point NE. 
distant 40 miles, 560-700 fathoms; 1 mutilated specimen. 17/9/03, 
s.s. “Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. Nos. A1614 and A2458.) 

This species is very near to the type species M. arcticus, 
Richardson, but differs in the following characters :— 

There are no dorsal tubercles on peraeon segments 5-7 and the 
pleon is evenly rounded, not produced into a median lobe. 

The mandibles have more strongly developed molars and the left 
cutting-edge is bilobed. 

Inner lobe of the first maxilla has 2, not 3, spines ; and the spines 
on outer and middle lobes of the second maxilla are long and pointed, 
not short and blunt. 

The sixth joint of the maxillipedis strongly expanded, not parallel- 
sided as represented in Richardson’s figure. 

The second pleopod in the male is distally narrowed, the outer 
margin not being evenly convex. 

The uropods have apical spines instead of being rounded. 
M. arcticus is recorded from Nova Zembla. 


bo 
bo 
@ 


Annals of the South African Museum. 


Famity DAJIDAE. 


1887. Dajidae, Giard and Bonnier, Travaux de 1]’Inst. Zool. Lille, 
vol. 5. 

1893. ‘ Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 398. 

1895. Dajinae, Hansen, Isopoden d. Plankton Exp. p. 22. 

1897 (-1899). Dajidae, G. O. Sars Crust. Norw. ii. p. 221. 

1905. Dajidae, Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 572. 


GEN. ZONOPHRYXUS, Richardson. 
1903. Zonophryxus, Richardson, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. p. 51. 


1904. ie id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 27, p. 677. 
1910. 5 id. Washington Bur. Fish. Doc. 736, p. 41. 
1914. y Koehler, Bull. Inst. océan. Monaco, No. 196, p. 16. 


ZONOPHRYXUS QUINQUEDENS, N. sp. 
(Plate XXII.) 


Body of ? oval. The dorsal surface shows four thoracic segments 
marked by indistinct sutures and four abdominal segments of which 
the sutures are very clear and deep in the middle line but indistinct 
laterally. The thoracic segments are more marked ventro-laterally. 
The margin which surrounds the body ventrally has 4 small notches 
in the thoracic region and posteriorly is produced into 10 triangular 
teeth, 5 on each side without a median one. 

The external antennae are apparently 1-jointed (not 2-jointed as in 
Z. grimaldii). The internal antennae are large and laminar, indis- 
tinctly divided into two portions, of which the posterior embraces 
the upper and lower lips (rostrum). 

Upper lip broad, margin entire, very slightly emarginate on either 
side of a central convexity. 

Lower lip narrower, tapering, with distal end deeply indented. 
Both lips are curved towards one another at the sides so as to form a 
cone. Through the opening at the apex of this cone project the 
narrow gouge-shaped mandibles. 

Maxilla. In one specimen there were two appendages lying 
beneath the maxillipeds and about in the same position, the ‘“ palp”’ 
pointing outwards as does the epipod of the maxillipeds. Both the 
palp and the outer margin of the basal plate are minutely serrulate. 
In two other specimens I have failed to find any trace of these 
appendages. Koehler (l.c.) makes no mention of them, but says he 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 229 


refrained from dissecting the single specimen at his disposal ; and 
they cannot be seen until the maxillipeds have been removed. 

Maxillipeds indistinctly 2-jointed, with well-developed epipod. All 
five pairs of peraeopods are similar, consisting of four stout joints 
and a curved unguis with 2 setae on its inner margin. 

Marsupial plates, 1st pair elongate, composed of a short outer lobe 
and a longer inner lobe, almost completely covering the maxillipeds, 
2nd and 3rd pairs very small, 4th pair larger but not equalling the 
lst pair, 2nd-4th pairs completely hidden under 1st pair, 5th pair 
very large, extending to hinder end of body. 

When the marsupial plates are folded back the ventral surface of 
the body shows a wrinkled (this is perhaps due to preservation) 
median ridge and four transverse ridges ; the first transverse ridge is 
just below the opercular plate (sternite) ; at the sides of the third ridge 
is a pair of 2-jointed appendages, representing the single pair of 
pleopods. At the extreme end of the body are three raised pads, 
apparently representing the last three pleon segments. If so, the 
segment below the opercular plate is the seventh peraeon segment. 

A single specimen of a young female shows a transverse head with 
which the Ist peraeon segment is fused, and 5 free peraeon segments. 
The 7th peraeon segment is fused with the abdomen, which is com- 
posed of a single segment. There are 7 papillae along the medio- 
ventral line. The rostral cone shows no differentiation into upper 
and lower lips, and there is no trace of the mandibles. There are 
7 pairs of peraeopods, each consisting of 5 joints and a curved 
unguis ; they appear hammer-shaped owing to the 5th joint being 
very much larger than the small 3rd and 4th joints and being much 
expanded behind. 

Between the 3rd and 4th (free) segments of the right side a 
cryptoniscan male was attached. 

The male is similar in shape to that of Z. retrodens, Richardson 
(Proc. U.S.N.M. vol. 27, 1904, p. 679, fig. 33). On each of the 
6 free peraeon segments there is a rounded median ventral papilla. 

The oval pleon shows three indistinct furrows. 

Mandibles minute, styliform, with broadened bases. 

Peraeopods 5-jointed, hammer-shaped, first 2 joints large, stout, 
Qnd and 3rd joints small, 5th joint large, transversely oval, with 
curved unguis. 

The single specimen was found under the right 5th marsupial 
plate of a female measuring 8 mm. by 4:5 mm. 

Cryptoniscus stage. The peraeon and pleon show the full comple- 
ment of segments, the postero-lateral angles being acutely produced 

18 


230 Annals of the South African Museum. 


backwards. First antenna has 2 large basal joints and 2 minute 
terminal lobes, both lobes and the posterior apical angle of 2nd 
basal joint with thick tufts of setae. 

Second antenna, peduncle 4-jointed, basal joint large, flagellum 
5-jointed. 

Peraeopods 1 and 2 stout, 3-jointed, 3rd joint with ill-developed 
unguis. 

Peraeopods 3-5 long, slender, 6-jointed, 2nd joint distally 
expanded on front margin, 3rd and 4th joints small, 5th joint almost 
as long as Ist, elongate oval, with short oblique palm defined by one 
spine and bearing 2 others in the middle, finger longer than palm 
but not half as long as 5th joint. 

Peraeopods 6 and 7 similar to peraeopods 3-5 but 5th joint is 
slender and tapering, the finger as long as 5th joint, very slender 
and tapering, nearly straight. 

Pleopods, peduncle short, broad, with 2 setae on inner apical 
angle, rami subequal, set rather far apart on peduncle, tipped with 
long plumose setae. 

Uropods, peduncle very short, outer ramus minute, tipped with se- 
tae, inner ramus nearly as long as 6th pleon segment and not clearly 
distinguished from peduncle, tapering gradually, tipped with setae. 

Length 9: 22mm.; g: 2:5 mm.; breadth 9: 14mm.; g: 1mm. 

Length of young female with same form as adult and with 
attached male: 8mm.; of younger female with attached cryptoniscid 
male: 5 mm. 

With the exception of Holophryxus giardi, Richardson (39 mm.), 
this is the largest member of the family. 

Colour: In spirit, yellowish. 

Locality : Cape Point NE. by E. distant 36 miles, 650-700 fathoms. 
299,192 juv. and 3 Cryptoniscus larvae. 8/7/03. Cape Point 
ENE., distant 36 miles, 660 fathoms. 1 9. 22/7/03. Cape Point 
NE. 2 E., distant 29 miles, 470 fathoms. 19? with g. 11/6/03. s.s. 
“Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. Nos. A270-1, A2276.) 

The host is unknown; but in the same bottles were numbers of a 
deep-red Decapod allied to Nematocarcinus (at present awaiting 
identification), as well as a few specimens of Acanthephyra purpurea, 
Glyphocrangon sculptus and Polycheles beawmontw. The presence of 
one Zonophryxus in a bottle containing only Nematocarcinus may 
justify the view that this latter Decapod is the only host. 

Only three other species of the genus are known: Z. retrodens, 
Richardson, 1904, from Hawaiian Islands; Z. trilobus, Richardson, 
1910, from Philippine Islands; and Z. grimaldw, Koehler, 1911, off 
the coast of Portugal. 


PuatEe XVII. A. 
Tanais spongicola, n. sp. 


ep. + l.s. Epistome and upper lip. 

li. Lower lip. 

mx. 1,2. First and second maxillae. 

en.1 ¢. First gnathopod male. 

en. 1 ¢. First enathopod female. 

pl. 4,5, 6 + urop. Pleon segments 4, 5 and 6 with uropods. 


PuatEe XVII. B. 
Gnathia africana, 1. sp. 


n.s. ¢. Natural size male, peraeopods omitted. 

profile ¢. Profile of head of male. 

prp. Peraeopod of male. 

mand. mx. 1, 2, juv. Mandible and first and second maxillae of larva 
mxp. juy. Maxilliped of larva, with portion further enlarged. 


Puate XVII. C. 
Engidotea lobata (Miers). 


ant. 1. Upper antenna, with a group of setae further enlarged. 

ep. + ls. Epistome and upper lip. 

l,i. Lower lip with marginal setae further enlarged. 

mx. 2. Second maxilla. 

mxp. Maxilliped with portion of 6th and 7th joints further enlarged. 


Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X. Plate XVII. 


pl 4.5.6+ urop. 


\ , 
ae noel 


K.H.B.del. West, Newman Iith. 


A. TANAIS SPONGICOLA,zsp. B. GNATHIA AFRICANUS, n.sp. 
C. ENGIDOTEA LOBATUS (Mers) 


PuatE XVIII. A. 
Synidotea setifer, n. sp. 


n.s. Natural size of specimen, peraeopods omitted. 
ant. 1. First antenna. 

ant. 2. Second antenna. 

mand. Mandible with molar further enlareed, 
mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp. 1(gn.). First peraeopod (gnathopod). 


PuaTe XVIII. B. 
Antarcturus kladophoros, Stebbing. 


ns. ¢. Natural size of male, peraeopods not completely drawn in. 

ant. 2. Virst three joints of second antenna. 

l. mand. rt. mand. Left and right mandibles, 

prp. 1 (gn.). Seventh joint of first peraeopod (gnathopod), setae omitted, but one 
drawn on a larger scale. 

pen. Male stylet on 7th peraeon segment. 

plp. 1. First pleopod. 

plp. 2 ¢. Second pleopod of male. 


Puate XVIII. C. 
Neoarcturus oudops, n. g. et sp. 


li. Lower lip. 
pen. Male stylet on 7th peraeon segment. 
urop. Terminal portion of uropod. 


Ann .S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X. Plate XVII. 


rt.mand. 


prp 1 (gn) \ 


aN - 
SRS SS 


SALUTE 
SSaees 


urop. 
K.H.B.del. West,Newman lth. 


A.SYNIDOTEA SETIFER,xsp B.ANTARCTURUS KLADOPHOROS, Sedé 
C. NEOARCTURUS OUDOPS, xg. e¢ op. 


Pruate XIX. A. 
Arcturopsis hirsutus, 1. sp. 


ns. ¢,ns. 9. Natural sizeof male and female respectively, the latter drawn in 
lateral and dorsal views, bases only of peraeopods indicated. 


ant.1. First antenna with sensory filament further enlarged. 
mxp. ¢,mxp. ?. Maxilliped of male and female. 


prp. 1 (gn.) ? + mars. pl. First peraeopod of female with marsupial plate. One 
seta from 5th joint further enlarged. 


pen. Male stylet on 7th peraeon segment. 

app. per. 3. Male appendage on 3rd peraeon segment. 
plp. 1. First pleopod. 

plp. 2 ¢. Second pleopod of male. 


Prarrk XIX. B. 
Neoarcturus oudops, n. g. et sp 


ns. Natural size of specimen, in lateral view; pleon and telson in dorsal view ; 
peraeopods omitted. 


mxp. Maxilliped. 


plp. 1. First pleopod with hooked seta from peduncle and the terminal portion of 
exopod further enlarged. 


plp. 2 ¢. Second pleopod of male with apex of penial filament further enlarged. 


Plate XIX. 


Grim eee Aces Wits aVele xe. 


West,Newman ith. 


K.H.B del. 


A. ARCTUROPSIS HIRSUTUS zsp. B. NEOARCTURUS OUDOPS, 7.9 e sp. 


< 
| 
> 
: : 
‘ 
os 


‘ 
6 
6 
~ 


Pratr XX. A. 
Stenetrium crassimanus, 0. sp. 


n.s. Natural size of specimen, peraeopods omitted. 
Li. Lower lip. 


mxp. Maxilliped with coupling-hooks and apical armature of inner plate further 
enlarged. 


prp. 1 (gn.) ¢. First peraeopod (gnathopod) of male. 
prp. 1 (gn.) ?. First peraeopod (gnathopod) of female, magnification twice that of 


male. 
plp.1 ¢. First pleopod of male. 
plp.2 ¢. Second pleopod of male. 
plp. 4. Fourth pleopod. 


PuatTe XX. B. 


Janira capensis, 1. sp. 
mxp. Muaxilliped. 


prp. 1 (gn.) ¢. First peraeopod (gnathopod) of male, with 7th and terminal 
portion of 6th joints enlarged. 


plp.1 ¢. First pleopod of male. 

plp. 2 ¢. Second pleopod of male. 

plp. 3. plp. 4. Third and fourth pleopods. 

tels. + urop. Portion of telson with one of the uropods. 


Prare XX. C. 
Jaeropsis curvicornis, (Nicolet). 


plp.1 ¢. First pleopod of male. 

plp. 2 ¢. Second pleopod of male. 

plp. 3, plp. 4. Third and fourth pleopods. 
urop. Uropod. 


Ann. 8. Afr. Mus.Vol.X. Plate XX. 


LAE. Rho \ Of 2 
} ‘ R ay \ " df j e, 
Ne  plp.i d. “ul } Ee by Wmrop. 
plip.2ac.  F plp 4. 
KHB.del. plp. a. West,Newman lith. 


A. STENETRIUM CRASSIMANUS, 7.sp B. JANIRA CAPENSIS, z.sp. 
C. JARROPSIS CURVICORNIS, WzcoZez.) 


in . 
iy 
- ; 
a. + 
iS ¥ . 
. 
7 
- 
+ 
has ‘ 
bd i 
é 
‘ ro 
S ' 
3 
: 
2 
Fi es 1 
7 
; 
» 
g 
: s 
J 
? 
7 K 
’ 
7 i 
= 


Puate XXI. A. 
Laniropsis palpalis, n. sp. 


l. mand. rt. mand. Left and right mandibles. 

mxp. ¢,mxp. ?. Maxillipeds of male and female respectively. 
plp.1 ¢. First pleopod of male. 

plp. 1 ¢. First pleopod (operculum) of female. 

plp. 2 ¢. Second pleopod of male. 

plp. 3, plp. 4. Third and fourth pleopods. 

tels. + urop. Telson with one of the uropods. 


PuatE XXI. B. 
Jlunnopsurus mimus, n. sp. 


ant.1 ?. Right first antenna of female viewed from above. 

ant, 2, First four joints of peduncle of left second antenna, viewed from below. 

ep. + ls. Epistome with upper lip. 

li. Lower lip. 

} mand, Left mandible with brush on molar and terminal portion of palp further 
enlarged. 

mx. 1. First maxilla. 

mx. 2, Second maxilla with setae from outer and inner plates further enlarged. 

pen. Male stylet on 7th peraeon segment. 


plp.1 + 2 ¢. First and second pleopods of male, with apex of first pleopod further 
enlarged. 


plp. 8. Third pleopod. 


ame oe Atte Minas) Woll oX., : Plate XX1. 


K.H.B.del. West, Newman lith. 


A.1IANIROPSIS PALPALIS,z2sp. B. MUNNOPSURUS MIMUS, w.sp. 


7 
=2 - ' 


- 
. 
>» 


Puate XXII. 
Zonophrycus quinguedens, n. sp. 


n.s. Natural size of adult female, drawn in dorsal and ventral views 
ns. ¥ juv. Natural size of young female with Cryptoniscan male attached 
ns. ¢. Natural size of male. 

ant. 1+2 ?. Left first and second antennae of female. 

ls 2. Upper lip of female. 

li. 9. Lower lip of female. 

mand. ¢. Mandible of female. 

l. mx. ?. Left maxilla of female. 

rt. mxp. ?. Right maxilliped of female. 

prp. ¢. Peraeopod of female. 

prp. @ Juv. Peraeopod of young female. 

plp. ?. Pleopod of female. 

mand. ¢. Mandible of male. 

prp. ¢. Peraeopod of male. 


head + app. Crypt. Head of Cryptoniscus larva with first and second antennae 
and rostral cone. 


prp. 3. Crypt. Third peraeopod of Cryptoniscus larva. 
pl. 6+ urop. Crypt. Sixth pleon segment with uropods of Cryptoniscus larva. 


Ann. S Ate. Maas Vol XxX. Plate XXII. 


saa Le 


mand oC. 


head + app. 
Crypt. 


prp 3. 
Crypt 


K.HB.del. West, Newman lith 


ZONOPHRYXUS QUINQUEDENS, zp. 


is - 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 231 


2.—DeEscription oF A NEw Species oF Pureatorcus (Isopopa) 
FROM SoutH AFRICA. 


(Plates XXIII. and XXIV.) 


The tribe Phreatoicidea, Stebbing, was instituted to receive some 
peculiar Isopods resembling most nearly the Asellota, but differing 
from them in certain respects and possessing also an external 
likeness to the Amphipoda. It contains a single family, comprising, 
besides the typical genus with eight species, three other genera 
each with only one species. 

The following is a list of all the hitherto known species. 


Trpe PHREATOICIDEA, Stebbing, 1893. 
Famity PHREATOICIDAH, Chilton, 1891. 


1. Gen. PHREATOICUS, Chilton, 1882. 


1. P. typicus, Chilton, 1882. A blind species, from wells near 
Canterbury, New Zealand. 

2. P. australis, Chilton, 1891. With eyes, from Mt. Kosciusko, 
5,700 ft., Victoria, Australia. 


Thompson, 1892, reported this species from Mt. Wellington, 
Tasmania, but subsequently (1894) referred his original specimen 
to the young of his species P. tasmamae. Since then Smith, 1909, 
has recorded P. australis from several localities in Tasmania, from 
sea-level to the top of Mt. Wellington, 4,000 ft. According to the 
arrangement of spines on the uropods he distinguishes three varieties, 
to which, however, he does not give separate names. 


3. P. assimilis, Chilton, 1894. Blind, from wells near Canterbury, 
New Zealand. 

4. P. tasmaniae, Thomson, 1894. With eyes, from the Great Lake, 
3,000 ft., Tasmania. 


232 Annals of the South African Museum. 


5. P. shephardi, Sayee, 1900a. Blind, from a surface spring at 
2,000 ft., near Melbourne, Australia. 

6. P. kirkii, Chilton, 1906. Blind, from fresh-water lagoon, New 
Zealand. 

6a. P. k. var. dunedinensis, Chilton, 1906. Blind, from streams 
near Dunedin, New Zealand. 

7. P. spinosus, G. Smith, 1909. With eyes, from the Great Lake, 
3,000 ft., Tasmania. 


This species is very similar to P. tasmaniae, especially as regards 
the telson and uropods. P. tasmaniae was described from a dried 
specimen, and Smith apparently has not seen this paper, since 
he quotes Thomson’s record of P. australis from Mt. Wellington 
and makes no reference to Thomson’s own correction in 1894. 
According to Thomson the young of P. tasmaniae differs from older 
specimens (4 inch) as regards the spines on the body, so that it 
is possible that P. spinosws (Smith gives its length as 15-25 mm.) 
is only a larger form of P. tasmamae, though the 5th pleon segments 
differ. 


8. P. brevicaudatus, G. Smith, 1909. With eyes, from the Great 
Lake, 3,000 ft., Tasmania. 


2. Gen. PHREATOICOPSIS, Spencer and Hall, 1897. 


1. P. terricola, Sp. and Hall, 1897. With eyes, burrowing in the 
banks of the Upper Gellibrand River, Victoria, Australia. 


3. Gen. PHREATOICOIDES, Sayce, 1900. 


1. P. gracilis, Sayce, 1900. Blind, from surface runnels, Gippsland, 
Victoria, Australia. 


4. Gen. HYPSIMETOPUS, Sayce, 1902. 


1. H. intrusor, Sayce, 1902. Blind, in the burrows of the land- 
crayfish Hngaeus, Tasmania. 


From the above it will be seen that the family is distributed thus : 
New Zealand 3 species (1 genus); Australia 4 species (3 genera) ; 
and Tasmania 5 species (2 genera). Only one species is common 
to any two regions, namely, P. australis from Australia and 
Tasmania. The distribution of the family is thus a very narrow 
one. Sayce, 1902, remarks that it would be interesting to know 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 233 


if any representatives were found in South America. The discovery 
of a species on Table Mountain, South Africa, is therefore of great 
interest, as being one more fact in support of the existence of an 
ancient land-mass connecting the Southern continents (Gondwana- 


land). 


PHREATOICUS CAPENSIS, n. Sp. 
(Plates XXIII. and XXIV.) 


Specific diagnosis. Body rather stout, surface with short scattered 
hairs, eyes well developed, head not as long as first and second 
peraeon segments together, first and second peraeon segments 
subequal in length, penultimate joint of first antenna as long as 
the preceding three joints together, second antenna four-sevenths 
of the total length, right mandible with secondary cutting-edge, 
sixth joint of first peraeopod (gnathopod) with the palm not well 
defined, fifth pleon segment as long as third and fourth together, 
with the posterior margin notched, pleopods 3-5 with epipodites, 
telson deeply concave above the terminal projection, lower margin 
straight, uropods not extending beyond end of telson. 

Colour: Slaty-grey with lighter crescentic mottlings on sides 
of the peraeon and pleon ; they are large on the anterior segments, 
but become smaller posteriorly. 

Length: Up to 14 mm. 

Habitat: Four specimens from near the reservoir on the top of 
Table Mountain (C. J. French, March 4, 1913). On May 1, 19138, 
Mr. 8. H. Haughton and myself found numerous specimens under 
the moss growing on the stones in the bed of a swiftly running 
stream, near the reservoir at an altitude of about 3,000 ft. Several 
of them were pairing; the males are slightly larger than the 
females. 

Prof. E. Goddard tells me he found the species some years ago 
on Table Mountain, but did not describe it. I have to express 
my thanks to him for permitting me to do this, and also for 
giving me Tasmanian specimens of P. australis for comparison. 

The following detailed description is taken from the three largest 
specimens (11-14 mm.), 2g g and 1¢; these specizaens are in the 
South African Museum (No. A2257). 

The Body is rather stout, the pleon long in proportion to the 
rest of the body. Using Sayce’s method and reckoning the cephalon 
and peraeon as 100, then the pleon measures 70-75. The greatest 
depth of the pleon is equal to the breadth of the peraeon segments 
and a little more than twice their depth. The surface of the head 


234 Annals of the South African Museum. 


and anterior peraeon segments with irregular shallow depressions, 
which become obsolete on the posterior peraeon segments and pleon. 
Hairs on the peraeon and pleon short and scattered, most abundant 
on the 6th pleon segment. 

The Head in profile is subtriangular, convex in front. Longer 
than the lst peraeon segment but shorter than the 1st and 2nd 
segments together. Eyes well developed. Below the eyes is a 
small notch from which a groove runs backwards parallel with 
the inferior margin and defining the cheek. Frontal and inferior 
margins emarginate. Near the posterior margin is a groove running 
out to the rounded intero-posterior angle of the head. 

The Peraeon. First segment rather closely attached to the head, 
a little longer in the centre than at the sides. Inferior angles 
rounded, not produced, inferior margin convex. Segments 2, 3, 4 
nearly as long as and a little deeper than the first ; inferior margins 
emarginate, infero-anterior angles rather pointed. Segments 5, 6, 7 
a little deeper than the preceding ones; 5 and 6 a little shorter 
than 4, 7 half the length of 1. Inferior margins, especially of 
5 and 6, excavate. 

Epimera of segments 1-4 bilobed, the lobes rounded with a 
few hairs on each. Epimeron 1 nearly as long as its segment, 
epimera 2, 3, 4 distinctly shorter than their respective segments. 
Epimera 5, 6, 7 subtriangular, anterior angles rounded, posterior 
angles pointed, with a few hairs. 

The Pleon. Its length (with telson) is twice its depth. Pleura 
well developed, concealing the pleopods in their natural position. 
Pleuron 1 nearly as deep as its segment, pleura 2, 3, 4 equal to 
or slightly longer than their respective segments, pleuron 5 nearly 
twice as long as its segment. Inferior margins rounded, beset 
with numerous hairs. Segment 1 not quite as long as peraeon 
segment 7, segments 2, 3, 4 gradually increasing in length; the 
fifth as long as the third and fourth together, posterior margin 
deeply notched where pleuron joins the segment; the sixth segment 
and telson together as long as the fourth and fifth together, infero- 
anterior angle rounded with 3 strong setae and a few hairs. No 
groove or ridge defining the junction of telson with the 6th pleon 
segment. 

The Yelson in profile is strongly convex above with a deep 
concavity above the terminal projection. This is bluntly tridentate 
with two strong spines and a few hairs; one strong spine in a 
slight notch on either side of the terminal projection and another 
strong spine further back and some little way within the inferior 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 235 


margin. Inferior margin straight, both from below and from the 
side, fringed with hairs. 

The First Antenna reaches to the middle of the 5th joint of 
peduncle of second antenna. Its peduncle consists of 3 joints: 
the first stout, the second subequal but narrower, the third a 
little longer and more slender than the second. Apices of each 
joint with setae. The flagellum equals in length the peduncle 
and consists of 5 joints, of which the first three are subequal in 
length and little more than half the length of the last joint of 
the peduncle; the fourth is as long as the three preceding ones 
together; the fifth minute. All the apices with fine hairs. 

The Second Antenna reaches to the end of the peraeon and is four- 
sevenths of the total length. Peduncle of 5 joints; first two short 
and stout, next two longer and more slender and subequal in length ; 
the fifth half as long again as fourth. The flagellum is 24 
times as long as the peduncle and consists of about 50 joints ; 
the first is composed of 2 or 3 incompletely fused joints, the 
remaining joints become longer and more slender towards the 
end. Apices of all with fine setae, but without calceoli. 

The Upper Lip is evenly rounded, with terminal and lateral 
patches of hairs. The epistome is notched in the centre of the 
anterior margin. 

The Mandibles. The left mandible is of the normal form, main 
cutting-edge with 4 obliquely set teeth, inner cutting-edge (lacinia 
mobilis) with 3 teeth; both edges strongly chitinized. The right 
mandible is unusual in having also two cutting-edges; the outer 
with 4 teeth, the inner with 3, but the inner edge is less strongly 
chitinized than that in the left mandible, being quite pale in 
colour. First joint of the palp the shortest, third a little longer, 
second half as long again as first. Anterior margin of third joint 
with a thick fringe of stout and simple (not plumose) setae. 

The Lower Lip. lobes oblong, apically rounded, the outer 
margin oblique distally, straight towards the base. Outer margin 
distally with a dense fringe of long hairs, inner margin with shorter 
hairs. 

The First Mazilla has the outer lobe gently curved, margins 
parallel, apex with 12-13 teeth, some of the inner ones being 
dentate. Inner lobe shorter and a little narrower, apex with 4 
strongly plumose setae, and 2 which arise from the bases of the 
first and third plumose setae and are plumose only at the tips. 

The Second Mazilla has the outer articulated lobe half as 
broad again as the inner; outer margins of both convex, extremities 


236 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


obliquely truncated, the outer with 19, the inner with 15 long 
setae denticulated on their inner edges. Inner fixed lobe rounded 
at apex, with a number of fine setae, the innermost ones being 
plumose. Inner margin slightly concave with a thick row of 
simple setae. 

The Mazxillipeds. Epipodite almost rectangular, very slightly 
longer than broad, the angles rounded, reaching to end of the 
second joint of exopodite. The basos a little more than twice 
as long as broad; ischios very short; meros produced externally 
for three-quarters the length of the carpus; carpus rather sunk in 
meros with external margin straight and internal margin convex ; 
propodos ovate longer than broad; dactylos narrow lanceolate, as 
long as propodos. Endopodite arises from the basos and reaches 
to the middle of the carpus, bearing externally long plumose setae 
and internally 2 coupling spines. 

The First Peraeopod (Gnathopod). In the first as in all the legs 
the coxos is fused with the epimeron. The basos is twice as long 
as broad ; ischios two-thirds length of basos and narrower; meros 
sub-triangular broader than long, anteriorly produced into a pointed 
process; carpus as long as broad, broader than third; propodos 
obovate, proximally twice as broad as distally, anterior margin 
evenly rounded, palm not well defined, slightly concave, beset 
with numerous setae and about 7 spines. These spines are tuber- 
cular in shape at the distal end, but towards the base of the 
palm gradually approximate to the ordinary form of setae, and 
eventually are indistinguishable from the setae fringing the base 
of the hand. The dactylos is strongly curved at the base, but 
distally nearly straight; a minute secondary unguis at base of 
the terminal one, and behind that some very minute denticula- 
tions. 

The gnathopod of the female differs hardly at all from that 
of the male; the hand is equally developed and of the same 
form. The spines on the palm, however, are bicuspid and more 
slender. 

The Second and Third Peraeopods. The basos is twice as long as 
broad ; ischios two-thirds length of basos and also twice as long 
asbroad ; meros as long as ischios, subtriangular, anterior margin 
expanded distally; carpus a little shorter than meros; propodos 
as long as ischios; both the carpus and propodos have strong 
spines on the posterior margins; dactylos a little more than half 
the length of the propodos, with secondary unguis and an apical tuft 
of setae. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 237 


The Fourth Peraeopod is a little shorter than the preceding ones. 
The basos 24 times as long as broad; ischios two-thirds length 
of basos; meros a little shorter and expanded distally; carpus as 
long as meros, rather swollen, anterior margin with 3 apical setae 
and one further back, posterior margin with 6 very stout and long 
spines and a few finer setae; propodos a little longer than and 
at right angles to carpus, distal end prolonged externally beyond the 
articulation with the dactylos, anterior margin with an apical tuft 
and a few setae behind, posterior margin with 3 stout spines on a 
slightly convex palm and a few fine setae ; dactylos shorter than and 
at right angles to propodos, curved, with secondary unguis, an 
outer apical tuft of setae and a few very fine ones on inner margin. 
The female differs from the male in the following points: the carpus 
is less swollen; the propodos more slender, the length being 3 times 
the breadth instead of twice; the dactylos less curved ; the convex 
palm is hardly developed and the spines on both carpus and 
propodos are more slender. 

The Brood-pouches in the female are developed on the 2nd, 3rd 
and 4th peraeon segments. 

The fifth, Sixth and Seventh Peraeopods. The fifth is slightly 
longer than the preceding ones and the sixth and seventh are longer 
than the fifth. They agree with each other except in the width of 
the basos ; this in the 5th and 6th legs is one-half the length, in the 
7th two-thirds. The ischios joint is three times as long as broad ; 
tbe meros a little more than two-thirds the length of the ischios, 
with a distal prolongation on posterior margin ; carpus joint nearly 
as long as ischios, its length nearly 4 times its breadth ; propodos 
as long as carpus but more slender; dactylos half as long as pro- 
podos, with secondary unguis, apical tuft of setae and a few fine 
ones on the inner margin. 

The setae of all the legs, but especially those of the last three 
pairs, are covered with numerous short-stalked Infusoria. 

The Male appendages on the seventh peraeon segment are curved 
towards one another, not swollen at the base, with blunt apices and 
a few hairs, chiefly on the inner margin. 

The First Pleopod. Protopodite rectangular; exopodite and 
endopodite lanceolate, the former rather narrower and more pointed 
than the latter, both with a few plumose setae on outer margins and 
apices. 

The Second Pleopod. Protopodite subtriangular with 2 setae on 
its inner distal apex. First joint of exopodite produced proximally 
into a rounded lobe; both margins gently convex, the inner with 


238 Annals of the South African Museum. 


fine simple setae, the outer with plumose setae; apex oblique, 
scarcely hollowed to receive the second joint, which is more than 
twice as long as broad, with long plumose setae. Hndopodite as 
long as first joint of exopodite, outer margin strongly curved, with a 
few setae becoming plumose distally, inner, margin straight, apex 
rounded. These parts are similar in both sexes. The penial fila- 
ment of the male extends to the end of the endopodite, with which 
it is fused for about one-half its length. The fused portion bears 
very minute hairs, the free portion on outer margin (7.e., away from 
endopodite) small setae at regular distances apart, and becoming 
longer towards the apex, which is slightly bent over. In another 
specimen the penial filament is a little shorter than the endopodite 
with which only the basal third is fused. 

The Third Pleopod. Protopodite triangular with internal apical 
tuft of setae. First joint of exopodite shorter and stouter than that 
of the second pleopod; length about 14 times its breadth, apex 
oblique and slightly hollowed to receive the second joint, which 
is 1} times as long as broad, obovate. Endopodite reaching to the 
middle of the second joint of exopodite, external margin very 
convex, inner straight. Epipodite subtriangular, external margin 
strongly rounded, inner slightly convex. Setae on the epipodite, 
inner and proximal portion of outer margin of 1st joint of exopodite 
simple, those on distal portion of the first joint and on the 2nd joint 
of exopodite and apex of endopodite plumose. 

The Fourth Pleopod is very similar to the third, but apex of the Ist 
joint of exopodite is less oblique and more hollowed out for the 2nd 
joint, which is proportionately broader. Epipodite more semicircular 
in shape. 

The fifth Pleopod. First joint of exopodite larger than in any of 
the preceding pleopods, proximally rather bulging ; breadth of the 
2nd joint two-thirds its length. Hndopodite does not reach the 
middle of the 2nd joint, and the inner margin is convex. Epipodite 
semicircular. 

The Uropods reach to the end of the telson, but not beyond. 
Peduncle stout, twice as long as broad, grooved on its upper surface. 
Both of the upper margins with 3 spines and a few smaller setae, 
inferior margin with 4 spines increasing in length distally and 
shorter ones at the apex. Inner ramus a little longer than the 
peduncle, straight, upper margin with 3 spines in the middle and 
one near the apex, as well as a few small setae, lower margin with 
a small spine near the apex and 2-3 fine setae. Outer ramus not 
quite as long as peduncle, upper margin with 2 spines and a few 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 239 


setae, lower margin with a small spine near the apex and 2-3 
fine setae. 

Affimties. As regards the shape of the telson this species bears 
most resemblance to P. brevicaudatus, except that the lower margin 
of the telson in the latter is convex and not straight as in the 
former. P. capensis is further distinguished by the notched 5th 
pleon segment and the longer second antennae, with a flagellum 
of 30 joints ; that of P. brevicaudatus having only 19. A comparison 
with the mouth-parts and pleopods of P. brevicaudatus or P. spinosus 
is unfortunately impossible owing to the brevity of Smith’s descrip- 
tions, 

In the proportional length of pleon plus telson to cephalon plus 
peraeon P. capensis is near to P. tasmaniae, °5-y’5 in both 
species ; this proportion is a good deal higher than in any other 
species and is only exceeded in P. spinosus, where it is ~°°,.. From 
P. spinosus P. capensis differs in having a notched 5th pleon seg- 
ment, and from P. tasmaniae by the absence of a well-defined palm 
on gnathopod and in the shape of the ischios and meros of the 
maxillipeds ; they agree, however, in having simple setae on the 
inner margin of the fixed lobe of the second maxillae. 

The only other species which P. capensis somewhat resembles in 
the shape of the telson is P. australis; they agree also as regards 
the lst and 2nd maxillae, the maxillipeds and the palm of the 
enathopod. The differences are these: in P. australis the upper 
lip has no lateral as well as terminal patches of hairs, the epistome 
has an entire distal margin, the lower lip is slightly different in 
shape, the spine-row on the left mandible is far more conspicuous, 
the basos of the peraeopods is more expanded and the uropod has 
2 very stout spines at the apex of the lower margin. 

The most distinctive feature of P. capensis is the secondary 
cutting-edge in the right mandible. Hitherto the only member 
of the family in which this has been found is Phreatotcopsis terricola. 
In Phreatoicus typicus, australis and assimilis it is described as 
absent in the right mandible; in Tasmanian specimens of australis 
IT have myself failed to find it. In the descriptions of the other 
species of Phreatoicus the right mandible has not been specially 
mentioned, so that it is possible that some or all of these species 
may be found to possess a secondary cutting-edge in the right as 
well as the left mandible. 

P. capensis has no other characters in common with Phreatoi- 
copsis, but agrees perfectly with Phreatoicus. It would, however, 
be interesting to know whether the penial filament on the 2nd 


240 Annals of the South African Museum. 


pleopod in Phreatoicopsis is free or fused in part with the endopodite. 
It is free in both Phreatoicoides and Hypsimetopus, but fused in 
Phreatowcus. 


LITERATURE. 


1882. Curton, C. Tr. N.Z. Inst., vol. xv. p. 89. 


1891. i Rec. Austr. Mus. Sydney, vol. i. No. 8, p. 149, 
pls. xxiii.—xxvi. 

1894. 4 Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. vi. pt. 2, p. 185, 
pls. 16-18. 

1906. 7 Tr. and Proc. N.Z. Inst, vol. xxxviii. (1905), 
p. 274. 

1900. Saycez,;O. A. Proc. BR. Soc. Vict. vol. xii. pt: 2; p. 122, 
pls. x.-xu. 

1900. 93 Proc. R. Soc. Vict. vol. xiii. pt. 1, p. 25, pl. iii. 

1902. o Proc. R. Soc. Vict. vol. xiv. pt. 2, p. 218, 


pls. xvlii.—xix. 
1909. Smirx, G. W. Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. xi. pt. 4, p. 71, 


pl. 12. 
1897. Spencer, B. and Hatt, T. S. Proc: BR. Soe: Vict. vol. ix. 
p. 12, pls. 3-4. 


1893. Sreppine, T. R. R. History of Crustacea. Int. Se. Ser. 
vol. lxxiv. p. 388, pl. 16. 

1892. THomson,G. M. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. p. 76. 

1894. 3 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 349, pl. xi. 


( 241 ) 


A E 
PAGE PAGE 
africana (Gnathia) ...............seee0 201 | Engidotea (Idoteidae) ..............+.+. 203 
Ancaeus (Gnathiidae) ..............6... 201 
Anceus (Gnathiidae) ..........06...66 201 G 
Anisocheirus (Tanaidae) ............... 198 
Antareturus (Astacillidae) ............ 212 | Gnathia (Gnathiidae) .................. 200 
antares (Astacillidae) ............+006++ 916 | Gnathiidae «..:....c0sssccsws-ceens sree 200 
Ar CUUTUAC Chmerccmteesiocetsessesecese=<nass 206 | gracilis (Phreatoicoides)............... 232 
Arcturopsis (Astacillidae) ............ 207 é 
Arcturus (Astacillidae) ............. 206 H 
argented (Idoted) ........ccersessresves 203 . 
Asellodes (Jaeridae)............c0eseeeee 220 Henopomus (Jaeridae) pi ode 219 
assimilis (Phreatoicus) .............+ 231 hirsutus (Arcturopsis)..... se eecrisee as 207 
WStncillid acne es safe etc. eo etssee 206 | Hypsimetopus)(Phrentotcidse) aa 232 
australis (Phreatoicus) ............++. 231 
I 
B Taniropsis (Jaeridae) .............0008 221 
Tdotea (Idoteidae).......50.....- 000000... 203 
brevicaudatus (Phreatoicus) ......... 999) | Nidoteidaes scescedeceeneanecesteeeereaeree 203 
intrusor (Hypsimetopus)............... 232 
e J 
capensis (Janira) ............scecessssere 220. | Jaera (Jaeridae) {.cevce-scsseressoreace 224 
capensis (Phreatoicus)..........+++++0++ PRY TIEV=TaIGEYSinn5 an seoocicsogoacosoousoeonooooboDne 219 
chuni (Pleuroprion)...2..500-0....0-2+- 216 | Jaeropsis (Jacridae)...............cc0ee 224 
compacta (Idotea) Aaoganbobandaddsacodesad 203 Janira (Jaeridae) Feta ae Ro Tce RETR 219 
corniger (Arcturus) ...........2...eeeeee 207 | Saniridae = .cssteamoeteseeecsereeaenese 219 
crassimanus (Stenetrium) ............ 217 | Janiropsis (Jaeridae) ...............+6- Dill 
Crossurus (Tanaidae) ............0.+.++ 198 
curvicornis (Jaeropsis) ......ee eee 224 K 
kirkii (Phreatoicus)) -...-.--...cscsce +0 232 
D kladophoros (Antarchurus) ......... 212 
IDEN TIGIEKE) Gogpaqdoonsacouncoce sbecocuduadocacc 228 L 
J XCF YEHO porta a600010 800008000 SObCOCOGESOCTO 228 
dunedinensis (Phreatoicus  kirki, lineatus) (Arcturus) <cn-...c.2-cseeseees 207 
WEl8s)) cecoagacaGooUdondedasaooconbodeasOoC 232 | lobata (Emgidotea) ............scs...00 204 


metallica (Idotea)...........0666.. 


mimus (Munnopsurus) 
Munnopsidae 
Munnopsurus (Munnopsidae) 


N 
Neoarcturus (Astacillidae) 


neo-zelanica (Jaeropsis) 


O 


Oniscoda (Jaeridae) ..........6+++ 


oudops (Neoarcturus) 


ie 
palpalis (Laniropsis) ........... 
PArasellidae .......c0ceveseseenseee 
Phreatoicoidae: ...........020c+~.. 


Phreatoicoides (Phreatoicidae) 
Phreatoicopsis (Phreatoicidae) 


Phreatoicus (Phreatoicidae) 
Pleuroprion (Astacillidae) 


Q 


quinquedens (Zonophryxus) .. 


nee eeeee 


Steet e were een neeeee 


wee eeeee 


seeenes 


teeeeee 


seeeeee 


Index. 


219 
214 


222 
219 
231 
232 
232 
231 
216 


228 


R 
PAGE 
Robusta (Idotes) .....2.00.....0+0seeese 203 
Hugosa (Vd OtEs) M eecccseescr-sc*=-oel-= 203 
s 
setifer (Synidotea) ...........2...00+eee 205 
shephardi (Phreatoicus) ............... 232 
spinosus (Phreatoicus).........s06....6 232 
spongicola (Tanais) ...........0.0....00 198 
SINS MLELTAUIG EYE): GaaqsaoonpseconcboMonoScdoss06 216 
Stenetrium (Stenetriidae) ............ 217 
subglaber (Arcturopsis — hirsutus, 
WEES) paocesdodoscbondaUBennnBs00ccqsc0Rc. 211 
Synidotea (Idoteidae) .............000- 205 
Au 
MDP RAEAIO ENE) “Gooaseeeoqndouddsondesononocenas 197 
Tanais (Tanaidae) .........see-e.ceeeee 198 
tasmaniae (Phreatoicus)............... 231 
terricola (Phreatoicopsis) ......++++. 232 
typicus (Phreatoicus) .......++...+ese0 231 
Z 
Zeuxo (Tanaidae).......sceccccsceeceoeee 198 
Zonophryxus (Dajidae) .........+++++ 228 


i 


Puate XXIII. 
Phreatoicus capensis, n. sp. 


Whole animal enlarged nearly 5 times; n.s. natural size. The pleopods in 
their natural position do not project beyond the pleura, as shown in the 
figure. 

a. 1. Upper antenna, with tip further enlarged. 

a. 2. Lower antenna. 

l.s. Upper lip. 

li. Lower lip. 

1 mand. Left mandible from within, the two cutting-edges further enlarged. 

mx. 1, First maxilla, apices of the lobes further enlarged, and one of the dentate 
spines from the outer lobe. 

mx. 2. Second maxilla. 

mxp. Mavxilliped. 

$.prp. 1. Left first peraeopod of male, with palm and finger further enlarged. 

?,prp.1. Left first peraeopod of female, with spines from the palm enlarged. 
prp. 2. Left second peraeopod. \ 


Ann.S.Afr. Mus .Vol.X. Plate Soar 


K.H.B.del. West,Newman lith 


PHREATOICUS CAPENSIS, z.sp. 


PuateE XXIV. 
Phreatoicus capensis, n. sp. 


3, prp. 4. Left fourth peraeopod of male, with last three joints further enlarged. 

2, prp. 4. Left fourth peraeopod of female, last three joints. 

prp.5. Left fifth peraeopod. 

pen. Male appendages on 7th 1 \vaeon segment. 

plp. 1. Right first pleopod. 

g,plp. 2. Right second pleopod of male with apex of penial filament further 
enlarged. 

?, plp. 2. Right second pleopod of female. 

plp. 3, plp. 4, plp. 5. Third, fourth and fifth pleopods of the right side. 

tels, Telson, showing anus and articulation of uropods (urp) with 6th pleon 
segment. 

urop. Left uropod. 


Ann.S.Afr. Mus. Vol .X. Plate XXIV. 


K.H.B.del. West, Newman lith. 


PHRHATOICUS CAPENSIS, 7z.sp. 


/ 


( 243 ) 


12.—Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidopteraa—By E. 
Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S. 


Tue following species have been communicated to me for study 
through the kindness of Dr. L. Péringuey, and the types are in the 
South African Museum. 


Famity TORTRICIDAE. 


Gen. EPICHORISTA, Meyr. 
HPICHORISTA VESTIGIALIS, 0. sp. 


?. 16mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen whitish-ochreous. 
Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex round- 
pointed, termen straight, oblique; whitish-ochreous, veins slightly 
deeper in colour; a dark fuscous dot in dise at 2: cilia whitish- 
ochreous, on termen light brownish with an indistinct fuscous line. 
Hindwings ochreous-whitish tinged with grey, towards apex 
infuscated ; cilia ochreous-whitish tinged with grey. 

TRANSVAAL, Barberton, in February (H. Edwards) ; one specimen. 


Famity HUCOSMIDAE. 


Gen. ARGYROPLOCH, Hubn. 
ARGYROPLOCE GLOBIGERA, N. sp. 


3 9. 17-19 mm. Head and thorax light brownish, crest mixed 
with dark fuscous. Palpi moderate (24-2), porrected, pale brownish, 
suffused with whitish towards base. Antennae in g minutely 
ciliated. Abdomen rather dark fuscous. Posterior tibiae without 
tuft. Forewings elongate, moderate, rather dilated posteriorly, costa 
gently arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, somewhat oblique ; 
light brownish, finely irrorated with whitish; costa and dorsum 
with some fine black strigulae or dots; outer edge of basal patch 
indicated by a narrow triangular dark fuscous spot from dorsum, 


19 


244 Amnals of the South African Museum. 


reaching half across wing; central fascia oblique, rather dark 
fuscous, becoming obsolete towards dorsum but with margins indi- 
cated by some black scales, moderate on upper half, broader on 
lower, posterior edge prominent below middle, finely edged with 
white on upper 2; a rounded rather dark fuscous blotch near before 
upper part of termen, anteriorly mixed with blackish and finely 
edged with white ; four minute black dots on upper part of termen : 
cilia brownish sprinkled with whitish. Hindwings rather dark 
fuscous, in g somewhat lighter: cilia whitish-fuscous, with darker 
fuscous subbasal line. 

Nara, Victoria district (Gooch), one specimen; also one in my 
collection from Durban, in March (Leigh). Nearest the Chinese 
archimedias, which is a smaller and more neatly marked insect. 


Famiry GHLECHIADAEH. 


GrE. EPITHECTIS, Meyr. 
EPITHECTIS PTYCHOPHORA, 0. sp. 


g 2. 8-l1l mm. Head pearly ochreous-white, crown sprinkled 
with dark fuscous. Palpi white, somewhat sprinkled with dark 
fuscous, second and terminal joints each with two blackish bands. 
Thorax white, finely irrorated with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish 
mixed with dark grey. Forewings elongate-lanceolate ; rather dark 
fuscous irrorated with white ; a costal fold in g extending from base 
to middle ; an ochreous subbasal dot in middle; in ? an ochreous 
longitudinal mark beneath costa towards base ; two blackish dots 
obliquely placed above and below fold at +, lower sometimes centred 
with ochreous; a small ochreous spot towards costa before middle ; 
a black dot above middle of disc, edged beneath with ochreous; two 
small ochreous spots transversely placed at end of cell, partially 
edged or connected with black; a few scattered black scales 
posteriorly : cilia dark grey irrorated with whitish. Hindwings 
grey,in g irrorated with darker except in disc and towards base ; 
cilia light grey. 

Care Cotony, Dunbrody, in June (Fath. A. Vogt); four 
specimens. 


THYMOSOPHA, n. g. 


Head smooth; ocelli present; tongue developed. Antennae 3, 
in § minutely ciliated, basal joint elongate, without pecten. Labial 


palpi long, recurved, second joint thickened with scales, slightly 


Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 245 


roughened anteriorly, terminal joint shorter than second, thickened 
with scales projecting posteriorly above middle, apex slender, acute. 
Maxillary palpi very short. Posterior tibiae with scanty appressed 
hairs above. Forewings with 1b furecate, 2 from towards angle, 
7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 11 from middle. Hindwings 1, trape- 
zoidal, apex tolerably pointed, termen slightly sinuate beneath it, 
cilia 1, 3 and 4 connate, 5 slightly approximated, 6 and 7 parallel. 


THYMOSOPHA ANTILEUCA, Ni. Sp. 


$2. 14-15mm. Head white. Palpi dark fuscous, tips white. 
Thorax white, posterior extremity dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. 
Forewings elongate-lanceolate; dark fuscous, with slight purple 
gloss ; a triangular white blotch on dorsum before middle, its apex 
almost touching costa at +; a smaller triangular white blotch on 
costa at 3, reaching half across wing: cilia dark fuscous. Hind- 
wings and cilia grey. 

Cargz Cotony, Dunbrody, in June (Fath. A. Vogt); two 
specimens. 


Gen. PHTHORIMABA, Meyr. 
PHTHORIMAEA ERICNISTA, 0. Sp. 


3 ¢. 810mm. Head and thorax whitish sprinkled with dark 
fuscous, shoulders with a blackish spot. Palpi whitish sprinkled with 
grey, second and terminal joints each with basal ring and supra- 
median band of dark fuscous suffusion. Abdomen whitish-grey, anal 
tuft ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate-lanceolate; whitish- 
fuscous or whitish-grey, irrorated with dark fuscous or blackish, 
mixed with brown in disc; spots of darker suffusion on costa at base, 
4, middle, and 2; black dots on fold near base and at +; stigmata 
black, somewhat raised, plical somewhat before first discal, an 
additional dot beneath and somewhat beyond second discal: cilia 
whitish-fuscous sprinkled with blackish. Hindwings and _ cilia 
light grey. 

Carr Cotony, Capetown (Lightfoot); four specimens. Allied to 
~ synecta, which, together with the whole of the Lita group of 
Gelechia, are now attributed to Phthorimaea. 


Gren. BRACHMIA, Hubn. 
BRACHMIA TORREFACTA, 0D. sp. 


g. 14-15 mm. Head and thorax pale yellow-ochreous, shoulders 
grey. Palpi ochreous-yellowish, second joint rather dark grey. 


246 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Antennal ciliations 2. Abdomen whitish-grey, anal tuft whitish- 
ochreous. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa slightly arched, apex 
tolerably pointed, termen somewhat sinuate, rather strongly oblique ; 
2 and 3 stalked, 8 and 9 out of 7,7 to apex ; ochreous-yellow suffused 
throughout with brownish-ferruginous : cilia ochreous-yellow ee 
with ferruginous. Hindwings grey; cilia pale grey. 

TRANSVAAL, Johannesburg, in January and February (H. Feltham) : 
two specimens. 


Gren. CHELARIA, Haw. 


CHELARIA MELANECTA, 0. Sp. 


g. 15mm. Head and thorax white speckled with grey. Palpi 
white speckled with grey, second joint with long acute triangular 
apical tuft beneath, blackish except along apical edge, terminal joint 
thickened towards middle, with black subbasal ring and median 
band. Abdomen pale grey. Forewings: elongate, narrow, costa 
slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; 6 
separate; fuscous finely irrorated with whitish, all veins marked 
with fine dark fuscous lines, with a few black scales, vein 6 marked 
with a fine black streak ; a grey streak along median third of costa; 
a darker line from 2 of costa, running near costa to apex: cilia 
fuscous irrorated with whitish, round apex with three or four darker 
lines. Hindwings and cilia light grey. 

TRANSVAAL, Johannesburg, in January (H. Feltham) ; 
specimen. 


Faminy SCYTHRIDAH. 


Gen. SCYTHRIS, Hubn. 


SCYTHRIS MELANOPLEURA, N.. sp. 


g ?. 15-18 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous tinged 
with grey. Palpi ochreous-whitish, suffused with grey anteriorly. 
Antennal ciliations of g¢ 2. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, tinged with 
yellowish, with a thick black lateral streak on basal half. Forewings 
elongate-lanceolate, acute ; pale ochreous mixed with whitish, with 
scattered dark fuscous scales, especially in disc; plical and second 
discal stigmata dark fuscous, widely remote: cilia whitish-ochreous, 
towards tornus more or less suffused with pale greyish-fulvous. 
Hindwings with 4 and 5 stalked; pale greyish-ochreous tinged with 
fulvous, in g suffused with grey, darker towards apex, in @ some- 


Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 247 


what suffused with grey towards apex; cilia greyish-ochreous tinged 
with fulvous. 

MATABELELAND, Bulawayo, in February (H. C. Pead); four 
specimens. Allied to justifica. 


Faminry OKCOPHORIDAE. 


Gren. BORKHAUSENIA, Hubn. 


BoRKHAUSENIA ENDOCENTRA, 0. Sp. 


g. 18 mm. Head and palpi whitish-ochreous sprinkled with 
dark fuscous. Antennal ciliations 1. Thorax whitish-ochreous, 
anterior margin suffused with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish- 
ochreous. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched; apex obtuse, 
termen very obliquely rounded; pale greyish-ochreous, with 
scattered fuscous specks; costal edge dark fuscous towards base ; 
a black linear dot towards costa near base; stigmata black, plical 
obliquely beyond first discal, an additional dot between discal ; 
some indistinct dark fuscous dots round posterior part of costa and 
termen: cilia whitish-ochreous tinged with grey. Hindwings 
grey-whitish irrorated with grey; cilia grey-whitish. 

TRANSVAAL, Johannesburg, in January (H. Feltham); one 
specimen. 


Gren. OCYSTOLA, Meyr. 
OcyYsTOLA (?) PROXENA, 0. sp. 


¢. 17mm. Head and thorax light yellowish, shoulders rather 
dark fuscous. Palpi rather short, dark fuscous, apex yellow-whitish. 
Abdomen yellow-whitish, with ochreous-yellow segmental bands. 
Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, 
termen very obliquely rounded; light ochreous-yellowish; a rather 
suffused dark fuscous streak along costa from base to near apex: 
cilia light yellowish. Hindwings with 3 and 4 nearly approximated 
at base; whitish-ochreous ; cilia whitish-ochreous. 

TRANSVAAL, Johannesburg, in February (H. Feltham); one 
specimen. 


Gen. COESYRA, Meyr. 
CoESsYRA CENTROBOLA, 0. sp. 


g. 18 mm. Head whitish-ochreous mixed with pale grey. 
Palpi ochreous-whitish irrorated with grey. Antennae serrate, 
ciliations 2. Thorax pale grey mixed with dark fuscous. Abdomen 


248 Annals of the South African Museum. 


whitish-ochreous, with deeper segmental bands. Forewings elon- 
gate, rather narrow, costa moderately arched, apex pointed, termen 
very obliquely rounded; greyish, sprinkled with fuscous and 
blackish, suffused with whitish in disc and towards dorsum ante- 
riorly; a small black linear dot on fold at +4; stigmata black, plical 
rather obliquely before first discal, an additional dot beyond and 
rather above first discal, and another midway between this and 
second discal, second discal large, transverse : cilia whitish-fuscous. 
Hindwings ochreous whitish; cilia whitish-ochreous. 

Cape Cotony, Capetown (Lightfoot) ; one specimen. 


CoESYRA CAMPYLOTIS, 0. sp. 


?. 12mm. Head, palpi, and thorax light yellowish. Abdomen 
light grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, 
termen obliquely rounded ; yellow; a triangular pale fuscous blotch 
on dorsum beyond middle, edged anteriorly with black and then 
with whitish, its apex formed by black second discal stigma, whence 
a strongly outwards-curved fine line of black and brown scales runs 
to a spot of dark brown irroration on costa at #; some minute dark 
fuscous dots along termen: cilia yellow. Hindwings and cilia 
grey. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in February (W. E. Jones); one specimen. 
Allied to balantias, but smaller and more marked, and distinguished 
by grey hindwings. 


Gren. PHILOBOTA, Meyr. 
PHILOBOTA DRYINOTA, 0. Sp. 


?. 17-18 mm. Head and thorax pale brownish, somewhat 
whitish-mixed. Palpi whitish-rosy-brownish, second joint suffused 
with dark fuscous except towards apex. Abdomen pale greyish- 
ochreous, with ochreous segmental bands. TForewings elongate, 
costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, oblique ; 
light brownish, irregularly mixed with deeper brown, with a few 
scattered dark fuscous scales; plical stigma moderate, dark fuscous, 
second discal represented by a rather oblique blackish mark on 
transverse vein: cilia pale brownish mixed with darker, at base 
on termen mixed with dark fuscous and blackish scales. Hindwings 
pale fuscous ; cilia whitish-fuscous. 

Carr Coxtony, Dunbrody, in June (Fath. A. Vogt); two specimens. 


Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 249 


Gren. DEPRESSARIA, Haw. 
DEPRESSARIA PROSPICUA, 0. Sp. 


?. 19-20 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous somewhat 
tinged with brownish, shoulders narrowly blackish-grey.  Palpi 
whitish-ochreous, second joint except apex, and a supramedian band 
of terminal joint sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish- 
ochreous. Forewings elongate, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, 
termen slightly rounded, oblique ; 2 and 3 stalked; whitish-ochreous, 
tinged here and there with brownish, with some scattered blackish 
specks ; a blackish-grey spot on base of costa, its edge marked with 
a black dot above middle of wing, corresponding dorsal space 
whitish ; first discal stigma black, with an additional dot obliquely 
before and rather above it, both these surrounded with white 
suffusion ; second discal stigma white edged with dark fuscous, 
sometimes with an indistinct white dot before and slightly above 
it; all these dots are more or less surrounded with ochreous-brown 
suffusion, sometimes forming a longitudinal streak ; an undefined 
angulated subterminal fascia of brownish suffusion ; some dots 
formed of two or three black specks each round posterior part of 
costa and termen: cilia whitish-ochreous, partially tinged with 
brownish. Hindwings ochreous-whitish slightly tinged with grey ; 
cilia ochreous-whitish. 

CapE Cotony, Capetown (Lightfoot) ; three specimens. 


DEPRESSARIA COMPACTA, Nn. Sp. 


g. 17-19 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish-ochreous, 
second joint and basal and supramedian bands of terminal joint 
sprinkled or irrorated with dark fuscous. Thorax whitish-ochreous 
suffused with purplish-fuscous, patagia dark fuscous. Abdomen 
whitish-ochreous tinged with fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa 
gently arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather oblique ; 
2 and 3 stalked; whitish-ochreous, with scattered dark fuscous 
scales; base narrowly dark fuscous; discal stigmata white edged 
with dark fuscous, space between them tinged with pale brownish, 
first preceded by a black dot somewhat above it; a series of black 
elongate dots round posterior part of costa and termen: cilia 
whitish-ochreous. Hindwings ochreous-grey-whitish, greyer pos- 
teriorly ; cilia ochreous-grey-whitish. 

Carr Cotony, Capetown (Lightfoot); two specimens. 


950 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Faminy XYLORYCTIDAHE. 
Gren. XYLORYCTA, Meyr. 


XYLORYCTA ARTIGENA, 0. sp. 


g. 13-14 mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi white, towards 
base with a blackish streak above, extreme tip black. Antennae 
serrate, ciliations $. Forewings moderate, somewhat dilated pos- 
teriorly, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen somewhat 
rounded, little oblique; 7 to apex; white; costal edge blackish 
towards base; a patch of faint whitish-ochreous suffusion on basal 
portion of dorsum ; black dots at both angles of cell, followed by a 
brown patch, and connected with tornus by an irregular interrupted 
line of brown suffusion sprinkled with black; a faint irregular line 
of brownish suffusion with some dots of black irroration running 
near margin round posterior 2 of costa and termen ; a terminal row 
of small black dots: cilia white. Hindwings with 6 and 7 stalked ; 
white, with a faint ochreous tinge ; cilia white. 

Nata, Victoria district (Gooch), one specimen; also one in my 
collection from Pinetown in February (Leigh). 


Gen. ODITES, Wals. 
ODITES OBVIA, 0. sp. 


g@. 14-15 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish-ochreous. 
Palpi whitish-ochreous, second joint suffused with dark fuscous 
except apex. Antennal ciliations of ¢ nearly 1. Forewings elon- 
gate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, 
termen slightly rounded, somewhat oblique; whitish-ochreous ; 
stigmata blackish, plical rather obliquely before first discal; a series 
of small blackish almost marginal dots round apex and termen: 
cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings ochreous-whitish, — slightly 
greyish-tinged towards apex; cilia whitish-ochreous. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi, in October and November (W. E. Jones) ; 
seven specimens. 

ODITES INVERSA, 0. sp. 


g. 11-13 mm. Head and thorax light ochreous-yellowish. 
Palpi whitish, second joint suffused with grey except towards apex. 
Abdomen whitish-yellowish. Forewings elongate, costa gently 
arched, apex tolerably pointed, termen rounded, rather strongly 
oblique; ochreous-yellow, with a few scattered dark fuscous specks ; 
stigmata blackish, plical obliquely beyond first discal; an almost 


Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 251 


marginal row of blackish dots round posterior part of costa and 
termen: cilia ochreous-yellowish. Hindwings and cilia ochreous- 
whitish. 

ZULULAND, Mfongosi (W. E. Jones), one specimen; also one in 
my collection from Natan, Pinetown, in February (Leigh). 


Famity HYPONOMEUTIDAH. 


Gren. HYPONOMEUTA, Latr. 
HYPONOMEUTA AFRICANA, Staint. 


?. 21mm. Head white, with a blackish dot on each side of 
forehead. Palpi white, terminal joint with blackish basal ring. 
Thorax white, with blackish dot on each shoulder, and two on back 
posteriorly (probably also two anteriorly, defaced). Abdomen light 
greyish, Forewings white, with nearly 50 rather large black dots, 
viz., seven immediately beneath costa on anterior half, ten beneath 
these from + to apex, ten irregularly placed beneath these, five in a 
median series on posterior half, a submedian series of ten and sub- 
dorsal of seven; a suffused grey spot on fold beneath middle, 
touching another in dise beyond middle; a third on tornus: cilia 
white, at base with some faint grey dots or small spots. Hindwings 
light grey; a hyaline elongate patch beneath cell at base; cilia 
pale grey. 

I have redescribed above what is presumably Stainton’s original 
type, which has been sent me for examination, bearing his label; it 
is a very distinct species, but the original description is brief. 


Gren. ISOCRITA, Meyr. 
IsocRITA EREMASTA, ND. Sp. 


@. 18mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-ochreous sprinkled 
with light grey. Basal joint of antennae with scales above forming 
a short apical projection. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewings 
elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse-pointed, termen rounded, 
rather strongly oblique ; whitish-ochreous irrorated with light 
fuscous; stigmata very small, fuscous, indistinct, plical rather 
obliquely before first discal: cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings 
whitish-ochreous, faintly tinged with grey posteriorly ; cilia whitish- 
ochreous. 

CapE Cotony, Capetown (Lightfoot); one specimen. 


252 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gren. EPIPHRACTIS, Meyr. 
EPIPHRACTIS IMBELLIS, N. sp. 


g. 19mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen whitish. Fore- 
wings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen somewhat 
sinuate, rather oblique; ochreous-whitish ; a brown-reddish mark 
above dorsum near base; a brown-reddish streak from + of dise to 
2 of dorsum, posteriorly triangularly dilated below middle and 
sending a branch hence to lower angle of cell; a triangular patch 
of scattered light brown-reddish suffusion resting on termen, with 
a few dark fuscous scales, its apex indicating second discal stigma : 
cilia whitish, outer half sprinkled with brown-reddish. Hindwing 
and cilia ochreous-whitish ; costal hairpencil whitish. 

Natau, Durban; one specimen. 


Faminy TINEIDAHE. 


Gren. MELASINA, Boisd. 
MELASINA PETRODES, 0. sp. 


g. 19-24 mm. Head and thorax white sometimes partly 
tinged with ochreous, face and front of thorax mixed with grey. 
Palpi moderate, slender, loosely scaled, white. Antennal pecti- 
nations 3. Abdomen whitish-grey. Forewings elongate, narrow at 
base, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded 
rather strongly oblique; all veins separate ; pale fuscous, suffusedly 
irrorated with white; costal edge suffusedly dark fuscous from base 
to 2; some fuscous suffusion towards costa at base; two undefined 
angulated fuscous fasciae before and beyond middle, edged with 
some black scales, sometimes forming dots or strigulae, connected 
together by a broad bar in middle, preceded and separated by 
undefined blotches of white suffusion in dise above and below middle, 
both fasciae more or less distinctly interrupted beneath costa; five 
small rather dark fuscous spots on costa posteriorly ; some irre- 
gular black scales or dots towards apex, sometimes forming a 
subterminal series of dots and strigulae; a series of cloudy fuscous 
dots along termen : cilia light grey mixed with whitish. Hindwings 
grey or dark grey ; cilia grey-whitish. 

Carpe Cotony, Kimberley, in March (Bro. J. H. Power)-; five 
specimens. Near szsyraea, but forewings less elongate, more 
strongly marked, termen less oblique. 


Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 253 


MELASINA MICROCTENIS, N. sp. 


3. 24 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi moderately long, 
loosely haired, whitish-ochreous sprinkled with dark fuscous. 
Antennal pectinations 1, moderately ciliated. Thorax pale ochreous, 
somewhat sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen pale ochreous 
tinged with fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, 
apex rounded-obtuse, termen obliquely rounded; all veins separate ; 
pale ochreous, with some scattered undefined strigule of brownish 
and black specks, especially in disc and on anterior portion of costa : 
cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-ochreous. 

MATABELELAND, Bulawayo, in February (H. C. Pead); one 
specimen. Specially characterised by the unusually short pectina- 
tions of antennae, which, however, are normal in form. 


MELASINA DERMATODES, N. Sp. 


gS. 22-24 mm. Head pale ochreous. Palpi moderate, smooth- 
scaled, ight brownish-ochreous. Antennal pectinations 4. Thorax 
light brownish-ochreous. Abdomen grey, anal tuft pale ochreous. 
Forewings elongate, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen 
rounded, rather strongly oblique ; all veins separate ; light brownish- 
ochreous, indistinctly strigulated with brownish, sometimes slightly 
mixed with whitish between the strigulae ; a fuscous dot on end of 
cell: cilia pale brownish-ochreous, somewhat sprinkled with brownish. 
Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia light greyish-ochreous, with dark 
fuscous subbasal line. 

MAaTABELELAND, Bulawayo, in February (H. C. Pead); four 
specimens. 


MELASINA AUTODERMA, ND. sp. 


g. 18-2l1mm. Head pale yellowish. Palpi moderate, loosely 
scaled, fuscous, apex pale yellowish. Antennal pectinations 3. 
Thorax and abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa 
moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ; all veins 
separate ; fuscous, or brownish-ochreous tinged with fuscous, 
especially towards base of costa, usually with very indistinct 
scattered darker fuscous strigulae ; a very indistinct darker fuscous 
transverse mark on upper angle of cell: cilia light fuscous, with two 
darker shades. Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia pale fuscous, with 
darker subbasal shade. 

MATABELELAND, Bulawayo, in February (H. C. Pead); seven 
specimens. Very like dermatodes, but smaller, darker, forewings 
relatively broader and costa more strongly arched. ; 


254 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gren. PSEUDURGIS, Meyr. 
PSEUDURGIS SCIOCOLONA, 0. sp. 


g. 18 mm. Head yellow-whitish. (Palpi broken.) Thorax 
pale grey-yellowish, mixed with white posteriorly. Abdomen grey. 
Forewings elongate, moderate, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa 
slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen hardly rounded, oblique ; pale 
yellowish irrorated and faintly strigulated with light grey ; a median 
streak of white suffusion from near base to near middle; dorsum 
towards base suffused with white; a light grey subtriangular blotch 
occupying posterior half of dorsum and reaching half across wing, 
edged on sides with white suffusion : cilia whitish with rows of grey 
points. Hindwings grey ; cilia pale grey, with darker subbasal shade. 


ZuLuLAND, Mfongosi, in January (Fath. A. Vogt) ; one specimen. 


PsrUDURGIS LEUCOSEMA, Ni. Sp. 


3. 18 mm. Head and thorax fuscous somewhat mixed with 
white, shoulders mixed with dark fuscous. Palpi moderate, porrected, 
fuscous, darker towards base, second joint rough-scaled beneath, 
terminal joint short. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa 
slightly arched, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather strongly oblique ; 
white, somewhat strigulated with fuscous and black; a median 
fuscous fascia, sprinkled with black, and marked with black above and 
below middle, anterior edge straight, posterior irregularly convex ; 
posterior half beyond this suffused with grey and spotted with brown, 
with scattered black scales, except a white blotch in dise at 3, its 
posterior margin slightly convex and edged by a triangular brown 
blotch crossed longitudinally by three thick black marks: cilia 
whitish, with fuscous subbasal shade, and two posterior darker 
lines. Hindwings light fuscous, costa on posterior half strigulated 
and spotted with darker; cilia whitish-fuscous, round apex whitish 
with two darker fuscous lines. 

Cape Cotony, Dunbrody (Fath. A. Vogt); one specimen. 


PSEUDURGIS OCHROLYCHNA, ND. Sp. 


3. 13-14 mm. Head and thorax white sprinkled with dark 
fuscous. Palpi long, porrected, second joint with long projecting 
hairscales beneath, terminal joint resting in these, whitish irrorated 
with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous tinged with grey. 
Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa hardly arched, slightly 
sinuate in middle, apex obtuse, termen rounded, rather strongly 
oblique ; grey-whitish, the rounded tips of all scales finely edged 


Descriptions of South African Micro-Lepidoptera. 255 


with black ; a slightly oblique ochreous-brown fascia from dorsum 
before middle, reaching 3 across wing; a somewhat oblique-oval 
ochreous- brown spot on dorsum at #; a brown transverse fascia from 
costa at 2, terminating in a round blotch in dise edged with black 
posteriorly, and with anterior half yellow-ochreous; a brownish 
spot on costa towards apex; some more or less developed pale 
yellow-ochreous suffusion towards termen, and several small 
brownish terminal spots more or less indicated: cilia white irrorated 
with black, more or less barred with light brownish. Hindwings 
grey, darker towards termen; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, basal 
third sprinkled with dark fuscous and limited by a line of dark 
fuscous points. 

TRANSVAAL, Barberton, in February (H. Edwards); three 
specimens. 


Gren. AMYDRIA, Clem. 
AMYDRIA LOXOPA, 0. sp. 


g. 17-18 mm. Head ochreous-white. Palpi whitish, second 
joint dark fuscous except apex, beneath with dense tuft of scales 
towards apex, laterally with three or four long bristles. Thorax 
ochreous-whitish, sometimes sprinkled with dark fuscous, shoulders 
dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa 
moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; 
whitish-fuscous or pale greyish-ochreous, somewhat sprinkled with 
dark fuscous; a blackish spot on base of costa; sometimes a row of 
several blackish dots beneath anterior half of cost ; stigmata 
blackish, first discal small, second large, triangular, plical large, 
round, beyond first discal, an additional similar spot midway between 
plical and base, all these tending to be preceded and followed by 
more or less distinct spots of white suffusion ; some cloudy dark 
fuscous dots or strigulae on costa posteriorly and along termen: 
cilia whitish-fuscous sprinkled with black, obscurely barred with 
whitish. Hindwings pale greyish ; cilia fuscous-whitish, with faint 
fuscous subbasal shade. 

Carr Couony, Dunbrody, in June (Fath. A. Vogt.), Kimberley, in 
March (Bro. Power) ; five specimens. 


ACOROSTOMA, n. g. 


f=) 
Head with long loose hairs; ocelli present; tongue short 
Antennae 4, in g¢ shortly ciliated, basal joint moderately long, with 
slight pecten of long scales. Labial palpi long, somewhat arched, 


256 Annals of the South African Museum. 


porrected, clothed throughout with very dense long loose hairscales, 
terminal joint shorter than second, Maxillary palpi obsolete. 
Posterior tibiae clothed with long hairs above. Forewings with 
1b furcate, 2 from angle, 7 to termen, 8-10 approximated, 11 from 
middle. Hindwings almost 1, elongate-ovate, cilia +; veins all 
separate, 2 remote, 5 and 6 somewhat approximated towards base. 
Allied to Picrospora, but characterized by the peculiar palpi. 


ACOROSTOMA MEDICATA, 0. sp. 


g. 14-15 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax white densely irrorated 
with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark grey. Forewings elongate, costa 
gently arched, apex obtuse, termen nearly straight, rather strongly 
oblique ; white, densely irrorated with dark fuscous and somewhat 
mixed irregularly with yellow-ochreous, with scattered black scales 
sometimes forming undefined strigulae; submedian fold and 
terminal area suffused with clear white ; stigmata yellow-ochreous 
irrorated or suffused with black, discal connected by a white streak 
extended to terminal suffusion, plical rather beyond first discal, 
sometimes connected with it, a similar dot beneath fold at +; an 
irregular more or less defined transverse ochreous-yellow streak 
parallel to termen at +, not reaching margins: cilia white sprinkled 
with fuscous, towards base with one or two lines of black points. 
Hindwings dark grey; cilia grey, with darker subbasal line. 

Caps Cotony, Saldanha Bay, in October (Dr. L. Péringuey) ; seven 
specimens. 


Faminy ADELIDAE. 


Gen. CEROMITIA, Zell. 
CEROMITIA GEMINATA, 0. sp. 


3g. 10-11 mm. Head and thorax white, somewhat mixed with 
light grey. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, 
termen very obliquely rounded; light grey mixed with white, and 
strewn with scattered dark fuscous scales; two large cloudy dark 
fuscous dots transversely placed on end of cell; sometimes small 
dark fuscous dots round posterior part of costa and termen: cilia grey- 
whitish. Hindwings iridescent grey-whitish ; cilia grey-whitish. 

Cape Conony, Dunbrody, in June (Fath. A. Vogt); five 
specimens. 


INDEX. 
A I 
PAGE | PAGE 
ICT OSU OMA toas neste cea seve vic seis es nse 255 | Imbellis (Epiphractis) :.............. 252 
ADM GIDA tee aclitetects sacs 6ceees sovees 256 | Inversa (Odites) ...........ccceeecc.004 250 
Africana (Hyponomeuta) —......... 251 \ |, [socrita’. .e.c. se eee ee 251 
ANIUY CT Meee goose soe te ok cise sees 255 
Antileuca (Thymosopha) ............ 245 ib; 
FAO OD LOC Cuan ee eeadt cee. jrecee)iccee. 4. 243 : 
Macon (Kyloryeta) i c.ccscuccsecseses 250 peo (saad ure) Cergsese fee eee 
Autoderma (Melasina) ............... 2538 Oxopa (AMY APIA) een cnncsiseee #29, 
M 
B Medicata (Acrostoma)..............604- 256 
iG. ; c Melanecta (Chelaria) .................. 246 
BONENRGUSCNILG eeccecseencensccses.s+ee 00s 247 , : : 
BROOCH Noten. sceicteeseas scicsccweseosssoxs 245 Melanopleura (Seythris)............0.. 246 
Melasina’ 52:0: 0e ee een ee 252 
Microctenis (Melasina) ............... 253 
e O 
ee ere eae sae | Obvin (Oditesjeaee ee aan 250 
eed Mik cee ee 246 | Ochrolychna (Pseudurgis) ............ 254 
VEU weer ec tccrenccccce ccc cent cccccoce sal Neus / € 
Centrobola (Coesyra) ............266..5 247 | pied Bie nes ee oe 
Coesyra J ae oe oon: Og Rae DAT | : BEODIOIO OOO CO OOOO SH OOD OUOOIOOOOOODOFIOOO a 
Compacta (Depressaria) ...-. 949 | OECOPHORIDAR) 37). ee 247 
1p 
D Petrodes' (Melasina)..................... 252 
: BWNG Prospicua (Depressaria) ............... 249 
IDO OSIGRUE casosanocasatocsucesoce nersece 249 ; : ] . 
Dermatodes (Melasina) ............... 253 | eee ipl neree) i pee ie re 
Dryinota (Philobata) .................. 248 Pitre Mi) eee ea boar can ou 
Phthonimacone ete en eee 245 
Pseudurgise cca se eee 254 
E 
Endocentra (Borkhausenia) ......... 247 S 
Epichorista dats os sie aeraatts teenie aasnaeeees 243 | Sciocolana (Pseudurgis) ............... 254 
JOPRYMOTROIQIOS. oneccooponan sbsecnoaboonoeo sce 252 | SGVPHRIDAE .....scse0cee.-ssc. cc, 246 
Epithectis ........ erste cee ter eeeeaeeeenes 2E47 | Scuthrin. ee en ee 246 
Hremasta (Isocrita).............0.0+-+- 251 
Erienista (Phthorimaea)............... 245 . 
SMILDABY so ie\ticicinoecle se chiesieersieee scilere 24: 
EUCOSMIDAE ...... g Lhymosop hayes cat eee 244 
DUNE DD AMY yc sasceesaesdi elt, eae 252 
G Torrefacta (Brachmia) ............... 245 
TORTRICIDAN, } 412-5465. 243 
GET CHTAD AT Meesteseesessmenseceen ener 244 
Globigera (Argyroploce) .............+. 243 | V 
Germinata (Ceromitia) 256 | 
| Vestigialis (Epichorista)............... 243 
H xX 
ELA/DONOMCULC mre eesenseneeeCr ee eeete Ao || XYLONY CHA. secon nsoeseoaceeeee ee 250 
ELYPONOMBUDTD AH) scree sensepersceecenecs 251 I XYEORYOUEDAR: 22.1.3 05, sie oe 250 


oo 


= 


, x 1 re a 


<= Se 


3. 


ds a 
Aas 


van Se 


a 


‘Th AF | > an 
- - i_ - . B.! 
© e = 4 > 7 7 j 
= J D ey a a 
- ; af f Ba - oul ‘° AT Oe 
= ire Py ae nih li 
; h a ~ ip nian ¥ Pua v 
- on ae B 
7 WAR Cauemiyht 5 
7 os * ‘ at 7* i 
iad / 
a 
| 
_ ay ’ 4 CT een 
i ' rf ; 
4 t 
a i fig hi 
oa : ey 
eer Jil Tee 
5 ig iy ‘ an ii 
hes ¢ ahs 
ee. aay + 
my 
' 
4 
r 4 
7 f) 
i 
F Fi —- bh otdae 
wf ie 
' 
1 
ane) ite 
’ = } ay F ay ® 
a ; ‘al uate a 
7 ae 
: WA ane : 
- vue Ley, Utne ‘ 
ee { 
aj 
- 3 Ag d 
_ x vey > Unpeeeee Oe 
’ ¢ ; LJ Al 4> tw : ; 
= gical "4 ran ars iy Ant (lee 
‘ : a «al = 
: a ae rtetsy re wes 4d Dheoday teyceg MPA en er Ona 
fee Mr yer A venewy des men aw wah ie ns 3 PTT ta my {4 abs ~ 
x it) 


13.—South African Chironomidae (Liptera).—By Asse J. J. 
KIEFFER, Ph.D. 


No representative of the Family Chironomidae was hitherto known 
from South Africa. This paper is therefore the first contribution to 
the knowledge of the Chironomid flies of this region. Owing to the 
interest displayed by the Director of the Cape Town Museum, 
Dr, L. Péringuey, in obtaining the species here described, one has a 
right to expect that other contributions will follow. 


1. Sus-Famiry CLUNIONINAH, Kieft. 


Gren. PARACLUNIO, Kieff. 


This genus included one species only, viz., P. trilobatus, Wietf., 
whose larva lives amid the rocks on the shore of California. The 
two Cape species differ from the Californian by having the femora 
and tibiae free from scales, by the absence of fasciculate hairs on 
the tarsi, by the sublinear femora, and lastly by the shape of the 
anal segment. 

PARACLUNIO FUSCIPENNIS, 0. sp. 

3 @. Black, opaque and glabrous. MHalteres yellowish white, 
antennae brownish, apices whitish, legs whitish, under side of 
abdomen yellowish, forceps and oviduct brownish yellow. Hyes 
glabrous, subcircular, large, distant, the distance almost equal to 
their diameter, the median border with a longitudinal raised line. 
Palpi very short, consisting of 2 moderately large joints not quite as 
long as thick. Antennae similar in both sexes, 7-jointed, Ist joint 
elongated, longer by one-half than broad, and much thicker than the 
others following ; the 2nd elongated, twice as long as broad, slightly 
narrowed towards the middle, subcylindrical, the 4 joints following 
slightly transverse, the apex strongly transverse, 7th larger than the 
5 preceding it, but less thick than the scape, and 3 times as long as 
the 6th, ovoid except that the distal 3rd part is suddenly narrowed 
in the shape of a black, obtuse, subcylindrical style. All the joints 

20 


260 Annals of the South African Museum. 


are finely pubescent, with the apex (neck) glabrous, the 6 joints of 
the flagellum have verticillate caducous setae, not longer than the 
thickness of a joint, the ultimate joint bears a similar seta at apex. 
Thorax hood-like, mesonotum with a greyish, pruinose stain on each 
side in front. Scutellum with long, vertical, and moderately dense 
setae. Wings glabrous, longer than the body, brownish black, 
neuration of Chironomus, cubitus reaching almost the alary point, 
the costal not projecting beyond it, the double nervule of the radius 
transverse, oblique, the discoidal prolonging the direction of its basal 
part and ending at the alar point, the bifurcation of the postical 
hardly proximal to the transversal, the 2 rami as in Chironomus ; the 
auxiliary produced beyond the transversal, the second longitudinal 
indistinct. Legs long, hardly thick, the setae very short, much 
shorter than the thickness of the legs; femora widened, thong-like, 
anterior tibia longer by one-half than the metatarsus, all the tibiae 
without a pecten and crenulate ring; fore metatarsus twice as long 
as the 2nd joint; joints 2-4 slightly and gradually shortened, all of 
them weakly dilated at the distal end, the 4th cordiform, hardly 
twice as long as thick, 5th longer than the 4th on every leg, trilobate 
at apex; median lobe longest, rounded at tip, the other 2 lobes 
lateral, empodium long, almost as long as the hooks, ramose, the 
rami several times divided, all tarsal hooks slender and simple in the 
female, thick, black, and bilobate in the male, the outer lobe obtuse 
and very finely denticulate at apex, the inner lobe ending in a point. 
Abdomen weakly depressed in the male, basal joints of forceps long 
and thick, the terminal short, pubescent, club-like. Abdomen of 
the female more strongly depressed, the first 7 segments very trans- 
verse, 8th compressed, gradually attenuate into a point half the 
length of the 7th at its anterior part, but longer than the 7th, and 
ending in 2 long, straight juxtaposed laminae. 

Length: 5 mm. Cape Town. Flits on the sea-shore in dark 
nights. (LL. Péringuey.) 


PARACLUNIO MINOR, N. sp. 


g ¢. Brown, antennae and legs brownish yellow. Antennae 
shaped as in the preceding species, except that the 7th joint in both 
sexes is not narrowed in a slight stiletto point at apex, but is conical 
and concolorous; the verticillate setae have doubtless dropped, 
because I detected one only on the 2nd and another on the 7th. 
Wings less fuscous than in the preceding species. Fore tibia almost 
twice as long as the metatarsus, the latter a little longer than the 4 
preceding taken together, 2nd equal to the 3rd and 4th also taken 


South African Chironomdae (Diptera). 261 


together, these latter a little longer than thick and cordiform, hind 
tibiae almost treble the length of the metatarsus, 3rd and 4th joints 
hardly longer than thick. Anal segment of ? as long as the 2 
preceding taken together, gradually thinned into a point curving 
upwards. Basal joints of the forceps thick and long, more than 
twice as long as the terminal which is pubescent with some more 
elongate setae and is widest in the centre. The other characters 
are similar to those of the preceding species. 
Length: 3mm. Cape Town. (hl. Péringuey.) 


2. Sus-Famiry CHIRONOMINAH, Kiefi. 


Gen. CAMPTOCLADIUS, v.d. Wulp. 


CAMPTOCLADIUS NATALENSIS, Nl. Sp. 


3. Totally black, including the halteres, antennae and legs 
brownish black. Antennae 13-jointed, 3rd and 4th joints hardly 
longer than wide, 5th twice as long as wide, the following joints 
gradually elongated, 12th 3 times as long as wide, joints 2-12 united 
longer by one-half than the 13th. Wings microscopically setulose, 
cubitus projecting slightly less than the costal, approaching the alar 
point much nearer than the upper ramus of the postical, bifureation 
of the postical situated under the proximal 3rd of the radius, distal 
3rd of the lower ramus strongly arcuate. Legs almost glabrous, 
anterior tibiae twice as long as the metatarsus, 4th joint a little 
longer than the 5th, empodium as long as the hooks. Basal joint 
of the forceps thick, terminal joint slender, pubescent, slightly 
thinned at the distal end which is void of style, and is almost 
cylindrical and straight. 

Length: 15mm. Stellenbosch. (L. Péringuey.) 


CAMPTOCLADIUS CAPENSIS, nN. sp. 


3. Totally black. Antennae 14-jointed, the apical joint once 
and a half as long as the 12 preceding ones united, 3-4 transverse, 
11-13 as long as, or a little longer than thick. Wings punctate, 
without minute setae, costal not prolonged beyond the cubitus, which 
is a little more distant from the alar point than the upper ramus of 
the postical, bifurcation of the postical distal from the middle of the 
radius, lower ramus arcuate in its distal half. Legs with long hairs, 
anterior tarsi broken, empodium as long as the claws. 

Length: 2°2mm. Cape Town. (L. Péringuey.) 


262 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gen. DICROTENDIPES. 


DICROTENDIPES PILOSIMANUS, n. sp. 


3 @. The female is yellowish with the mesonotum, scutellum, 
and halteres pure white, 3 short bands on the mesonotum, the outer 
two acuminate behind and connected with a black dot, metanotum 
and mesosternum brownish yellow, legs yellowish, 5th joint of all 
tarsi, and in addition also the 4th tarsal joint, the end of the femur 
and tibia and of the 3 first tarsal joints brownish black, antennae 
whitish, the 6th joint brown. The colour of the male is similar to 
that of the female except that the abdomen is greenish in its anterior 
part with a spot or transverse band darker and covering the anterior 
half of the tergites, the apical half of the abdomen and the forceps 
are brownish, scape black, flagellum whitish, the white of the 
inesonotum ‘a little pruinose, the scutellum greenish white. Palpi 
pale, long, consisting of 4 joints. Antennae of male 12-jointed, the 
last joint from 24 to 3 times as long as the preceding 10 united, 3-11 
very transverse, plume grey. Antennae of female 6-jointed, last 
joint nearly twice as long as the penultimate, 2-4 with long verticils, 
neck a little shorter than the nodose part. Wings white with sub- 
circular deep dark stains, 1 on the transversal and the neighbouring 
part of the discoidal, 3 forming approximately an open are, the 
inferior situated at the central part of the two rami of the postical 
vein, the median between the upper ramus and the discoidal; the 
geminate upper one is situated between the discoidal and the cubitus ; 
lastly there are two spots between the stem of the postical and the 
inferior border of the wing, the one proximal the other distal, the 2 
rami of both the postical and the discoidal are slightly bordered with 
fuscous, nervures pale. Fore metatarsus of the male longer by half 
than the tibia, its distal 3rd and the joints 2-4 with erect hairs and 
5-6 times as long as the thickness of the joints, Ist joint more than 
twice as long as the 2nd, 4th double the length of the 5th, pulvill 
large and broad as in Chironomus ; in the female the fore metatarsus 
is longer by two-thirds than the tibia. Terminal joint of the forceps 
strongly arcuate, glabrous in its distal end which is gradually 
narrowed, apex provided on the median side with 8 seriate setae of 
short length but as long as the thickness of this part of the joint, 
lower appendix slender, pubescent, arcuate outwardly, reaching 
almost to the middle of the terminal joint, bifurcate a little beyond 
the middle, the proximal branch almost at right angles with the 
basal part, linear, glabrous, bearing 5 or 6 setae disposed in a median 


South African Chironomidae (Diptera). 263 


longitudinal line, distal branch a little wider, glabrous on the external 
border where it bears strong seriate setae. 
Length: ¢,6mm.; 9, 35-4 mm. Cape Town. (L. Péringuey.) 


Gren. CHIRONOMUS, Meig. (TENprPgEs, Meig). 


The following is asynoptic table of the characters of the six species 
here described :— 


1. Antennae 14-jointed, forceps with the terminal joints non-arcuate, but in’ an 
elongated ellipse, and without rows of setae at the end, fore tarsus not 
INIAY Ga 6 : - ++  «. lamprogaster, n. sp. 
Antenne 12. raieted: forceps with aie janine oints arcuate and provided with 
seriate setae on the median side of the apex. 2. 

2. Fore tarsus hairy, that is to say provided with long erect hairs. 3. 

3. Hairs of the fore tarsus lone and thick, tergites brown with 4 white dorsal 
spots aha As -. « tetraleucus, n. sp. 
Hairs of the sone ferns fong bat me ene, berate of a different colour. 4. 

4. Wings slightly smoky and iridescent, with numerous hyaline spots. .iricolor, n. sp. 

Wings hyaline, without spots. 5. 

Bands on mesonotum brownish black, upper appendages of the forceps widest 


AiptheMMddle ss 6 ets ewes) ts) ee) Sg ee NCOP amicammesps 
Bands of the Pevonotumn ferruginous, upper aovend: uges of the forceps sub- 
NIG tis. eo ioe | cn Aerie MS oA. Ga) CUO nin, So 


CHIRONOMUS (TENDIPES) TETRALEUCUS, N. sp. 


3 2. Whitish, palpi brown black, long, scape black, flagellum 
fulvous, 6th joint in the female brown black, mesonotum pruinose 
with 8 shortened fulyous bands, the lateral ones end behind in a 
large spot situated against the hind border, lst abdominal segment 
yellowish, the following segments brown, all with 4 dorsal opaque 
white patches, the 2 smaller of which are set against the anterior 
border, the other 2 are behind, | on each side of the median line, 
they reach the hind border on segments 4 and 6, but they are 
confluent on the other segments, the whole of the 7th and 8th tergite 
is opaque white and pruinose, forceps yellowish ; in the female the 
spots on the abdomen are less well defined. Frontal lobes distinct. 
Antennae 10-jointed in the male, the ultimate joint more than 
4 times the whole of the preceding joints, 3-11 four times as thick as 
long, plume fulvous. Antennae in the female 6-jointed, the ultimate 
one more than twice as long as the antepenultimate, narrowed in 
the centre, 3-5 elliptical with the neck slightly longer than thick. 
Pronotum bilobate. Mesonotum glabrous. Scutellum with dense 
whitish hairs. Wings hyaline, transversal black, the bifurcation of 
the postical situated under the transversal. Fore metatarsus of the 


264 Annals of the South African Museum. 


male hardly longer than the tibia, its distal half and also the 
3 following joints with dense brown hairs,* 5 or 6 times as long as 
the thickness of the tarsus, 2nd joint equal in length to half the Ist, 
4th not twice the length of the 5th, pulvilli broad ; in the 4 hind legs 
the tibia and the tarsus, but the femur much less, are provided with 
long, dense, erect hairs. Terminal joint of the forceps arcuate, the 
distal third part glabrous, suddenly thinned, the end provided on 
the median side with 5 or 6 setae as long as the thickness of that 
part of the joint, upper appendage not projecting beyond the basal 
joint, glabrous, pubescent on the inner side, elliptically enlarged in 
its distal middle and ending in a small hooked appendage, the 
widened part bearing 2 short setae, lower appendage almost linear, 
pubescent, narrow, reaching the distal 3rd part of the terminal joint, 
bearing in its terminal half very long, incurved hairs. 

Length: g, 11-12 mm.; 9,8-9 mm. Smithfield,O.F.S. (DB. 
Kannemeyer. ) 


Curkonomus (TENDIPES) IRICOLOR, 0. sp. 


3 @. Yellow, scape and flagellum fulvous in the male, yellowish 
in the female, except the 6th joint which is brownish black, 
3 shortened bands on the mesonotum, metanotum and mesosternum 
rufescent, tergites 2-5 with a small brownish black spot, sometimes 
elongated, sublinear and situated on the anterior half, sometimes in 
the shape of a subcirecular or oval patch ; on the tergites 6-8 this 
patch is replaced by a large brown space not reaching the edges ; in 
the female the abdomen is entirely brownish. Frontal lobes small. 
Antennae 12-jointed in the male, the last joint 4 times as long as the 
preceding 10 united and fusiform at tip, joints 3-11 three times as 
thick as long, plume fulvous. Antennae 6-jointed in the female, the 
12th strongly narrowed in the centre, 3-5 elliptical with the neck 
a little longer than broad, 6 three times as long as 5, with fairly 
numerous arcuate setae, longer than the thickness of the joint. 
Thorax glabrous. Scutellum with long hairs. Wings weakly 
infuseate, iridescent, with numerous hyaline non-iridescent spots 
especially along the lower border and also on the alar base, the 
transverse nervure black. Fore metatarsus of male one-third longer 
than the tibia, its distal half and the 3 following joints with long 
hairs but not densely hairy as in the preceding species, 4th joint 
hardly twice as long as the 5th, pulvilli large, femur and tibia of the 
4 hind legs slightly hirtose, Abdomen with long hairs. Terminal 
joint of the forceps strongly arcuate, suddenly narrowed and 


* This species differs in this characteristic from all its congeneric species. 


South African Chironomidae (Diptera). 265 


glabrous, a little short of the distal middle, the apex bears on the 
median side 8 or 9 seriate setae, and is as long as thick, upper 
appendage very thin, almost straight, incurvate and pointed at apex, 
glabrous and projecting beyond the basal joint, lower appendage 
wide, rounded at apex, projecting beyond the middle of the 
terminal joint, pubescent, its distal 3rd with the usual long bent 
hairs, lamina with a long beak incurvate at tip. 

In one of the males the colour of the mesonotum and of the 
scutellum turned from yellow to greenish, and the black bands of 
the tergites extended over two-thirds or three-fourths of the anterior 
part of the tergites. 

Length: g, 8-9 mm.; 9,8mm. Cape Town (L. Péringuey) ; 
Smithfield, O.F.S. (D. R. Kannemeyer). 


CHIRONOMUS (TENDIPES) CAFFRARIUS, n. sp. 


3g ?. Greenish yellow or only yellowish, seape of male brownish 
black, flagellum brown; scape of female yellow, flagellum brownish 
black ; mesonotum opaque, pruinose, with 3 shortened bands, meta- 
notum and mesosternum pruinose brownish black, tergites of male 
brown on half or two-thirds of the anterior parts, the following por- 
tions nearly entirely brown; in the female all the upper part of 
abdomen is brownish; distal half of the metatarsus and the 4 joints 
following brownish black in all the tarsi. Palpi long, brownish 
black. Frontal lobes small. Antennae of male 12-jointed, the last 
one 34 times as long as the 10 preceding taken together, 3-11 
3 times as thick as long. Antennae of the female 6-jointed, the 
Qnd narrowed in the centre, 3-5 fusiform, 6 hardly double the size 
of 5. Wings hyaline, transversal black, bifurcation of the postical 
situated under the transversal. Anterior metatarsus of the male 
almost two-thirds longer than the tibia, the distal two-thirds, and 
the 3 following joints set with long hairs, joint 2 hardly longer than 
the half of 1, 2-4 gradually shortened, 4 nearly double the length of 
5, pulvilli broad. Terminal joint of the forceps arcuate, glabrous 
and gradually thinned for a little more than the distal 3rd, median 
side of the apex with 6 seriate long setae, longer than the thickness 
of this part of the joint, upper appendix barely projecting beyond 
the basal joint, glabrous, wider at the middle, nearly straight, apical 
part thin and incurved, inferior appendage broad, rounded at end, 
reaching the middle of the terminal joint, pilose as usual, lamina 
with an obtuse beak. 

Length: 7-8 mm. Cape Town. (L. Péringuey.) 


266 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Curronomus (TENDIPES) CAPENSIS, Nn. sp. 


3 2. Yellowish white ; antennae of male brown with the scape 
brownish black; antennae of the female yellowish, with joint 6 
brownish black. Three short bands on the mesonotum and meso- 
sternum ferruginous red, tergites 1-4 in the male brownish in the 
anterior parts, the following portions almost entirely brownish, the 
2nd or 3rd last joint of the tarsi infuscate; in the female the upper 
part of the abdomen is brownish. Antennae of male 12-jointed, the 
last joint 3 times as thick as long, plume fulvous. Antennae of the 
female 6-jointed, 2nd narrowed in the centre, 8-5 with the neck as 
long as the nodose part, 6 double the length of 5. Mesonotum not 
pruinose. Fore metatarsus in the male longer by one-half than the 
tibia, but not half the length of joint 2, its distal two-thirds and the 
3 following joints with long hairs, 4 not twice as long as 5, pulvilli 
broad; fore metatarsus in the female one-third longer than the tibia. 
Wings hyaline, transversal black, bifurcation of the postical situate 
under the transversal. Terminal joint of the forceps arcuate, glabrous 
for a little less than the distal half, which is gradually thinned and 
which bears on the median side of the apex 7 or 8 long seriate setae, 
longer than the thickness of the apex, upper appendage glabrous, 
straight, thin, almost linear, reaching to half the length of the 
terminal joint, straight and pilose as usual. 

Length: 8mm. Dunbrody, (Father J. O'Neil.) 


CHIRONOMUuS (TENDIPES) LAMPROGASTER, 1. Sp. 

3 @. Head brownish, palpi black, seape of male brownish rufous, 
shiny, flagellum brownish and opaque, scape and 2nd joint of the 
female yellow, 3-6 brownish black, halteres white, thorax whitish 
and shiny, 3 rufescent shortened bands on the mesonotum, meta- 
notum and mesosternum dark brown, legs yellowish, anterior tarsus 
(except the basal half of the metatarsus), the basal 3rd and the 
apex of the anterior tibia, and the 2 ultimate joints of the 4 hind 
tarsi brownish black; abdomen shiny, that of the male light yellow 
with brownish black transverse bands occupying half or two-thirds 
of the tergites, the centre of these bands is a little prolonged back- 
wards, nearly the whole of the tergites 6-8 and also the forceps 
brown; abdomen brown in the female with the hind border of the 
tergites yellowish. No frontal lobes. Palpi long. Antennae 14- 
jointed in the male, the last one twice as long as the 12 preceding 
ones united, joints 3-12 a little transverse, plume?brown. Antennae 
of the female 6-jointed, the 2nd joint narrowed in the centre, its 
neck not longer than broad, 3-5 subfusiform, the neck a little longer 


South African Chironomidae (Diptera). 267 


than thick, 6 two and a half times as long as 5, with a moderately 
long terminal seta. Wings hyaline, transversal pale, bifurcation of the 
postical distal from the transversal, basal lobe ending in an acute 
angle. Fore tarsus of male not hairy, very slender, the metatarsus 
longer by one-fourth than the tibia, nearly double the length of the 
2nd joint, 4th double the length of the 5th, pulvilli moderately wide, 
reaching only to the median part of the hooks, empodium hardly 
reaching the hooks. Terminal joint of the forceps not arcuate, in 
the shape of an elongated ellipse, hairy all over, upper appendage 
glabrous, thin, arcuate, sharp, sublinear, rounded at tip, reaching 
almost to the middle of the terminal joint, pilose as usual, lamina 
ending in a gradually thinned point. 

Length: g, 5-6 mm. Cape Town, September, 1913. (L. 
Péringuey). 


CHIRONOMUS (TENDIPES) SENSUALIS, 0. Sp. 


$ 2. Scape of the male reddish, flagellum pale, scape and 
flagellum of female reddish brown, thorax dark yellow or brown, 
mesonotum white, 3 shortened, fulvous bands opaque not pruinose ; 
scutellum whitish, with long hairs; legs yellowish, end of joints 1-4 
in the fore tarsus, and the whole of 5 infuscate ; abdomen yellow, 
tergites 2-5 of the male with a cvransverse spot gradually narrowing 
laterally and occupying the anterior half, 6-8 brownish like the 
forceps; in the female the tergites 2-4 or 2-5 have the half of the 
anterior part brown. Frontal lobes very small. Antennae of male 
12-jointed, the last joint 23 times as long as the 10 preceding taken 
together, fusiform at tip, joints 3-11 a little transverse, plume 
fulvous. Antennae in the female 6-jointed, the ultimate joint 
longer by one-half than the penultimate, gradually thinned and 
remarkable for the long sensorial appendages, the latter thick and 
4 or 5 times as long as the greatest thickness of the joint, joints 3-5 
remarkable for their long neck which is slender and longer than the 
ellipsoidal nodosity, the 2nd joint is narrowed in the centre and the 
neck is twice as long as wide. Wings hyaline, transversal, brown, 
cubitus arcuate reaching almost the alar apex, bifurcation of the 
postical a little distal from the transversal. Anterior tarsus of male 
not hairy, very slender, the metatarsus at least half as long again 
as the tibia, 4th joint hardly longer than the 3rd; in the female the 
fore metatarsus is longer by one-half than the tibia, 4th joint dis- 
tinctly longer than the third, more than twice as long as the 5th, 
pulvilli large, reaching the centre of the hooks. Terminal joints of 
the forceps arcuate, distal half glabrous and gradually thinned into 

21 


268 Annals of the South African Museum. 


a beak, transparent, bearing at the apex on the median side 5 seriate 
setae, a little longer than thick, upper appendage thin, lower broad, 
straight, linear, not much longer than the upper, lamina with an 
obtuse point slightly expanding at tip. 

Length: 6mm. Cape Town. (R. M. Lightfoot.) 


3. Sus-Faminry PEHLOPIINAH, Kieff. 


Gren. PELOPIA, Meig. 


PELOPIA MONILIS, L., var. 


?. Rufescent and opaque, antennae, halteres and legs white, a 
black ring at the distal end of the femora, two at the distal end of 
the tibiae, one at the distal end of the metatarsus, distal end of the 
tarsal joints also black, fore tarsus broken. Eyes emarginate, 
very much narrowed above where they are separated by twice 
their terminal length; this narrowed part is a little longer than 
wide. Antennae 12-jointed, 3rd joint one-half longer than thick, 
11th twice as long as thick, the verticil 24 times as long as the 
joint itself, 12 three times as long as 11, gradually narrowing to 
a point. Mesonotum with a trace of 3 rufous confluent bands. 
Wings hairy, white with a transverse black spot on the two 
transversals, 3 black spots situated at the end of the radius of 
the 2nd longitudinal and of the cubitus, numerous infuscate, 
indistinctly defined spots situated in a little more than the distal 
8rd of the wing, some of these are between the postical and the 
lower border, these infuscate spots are small and _ elongated, 
cubitus not shorter than the costal. 

Length: 3:3 mm. Cape Town. (UL. Péringuey.) 


4. Susp-Famiry CULICOIDINAH, Kieff. 


Gren. SERROMYIA, Megerle. 


SERROMYIA NOCTICOLOR, 0. sp. 

g. Brownish black, legs dark rufous, tarsi and halteres black. 
Antennae 14-jointed, the joints cylindrical, 3-11 sessile, gradually 
longer, the first ones hardly as long as thick, 11 twice as long 
as thick, the last 3 very long and sub-equal, each’ one double 
the length of 11, but, taken together, shorter than 2-10 united, 
14 without style. Wings hyaline, cubitus reaching nearly the 


South African Chirononidae (Diptera). 269 


last alar 38rd, almost adjoining the radius for more than its 
proximal half, then united with it at one point, and diverging 
thence, bifurcation of the discoidal proximal to the transversal, 
bifurcation of the postical situated under the transversal. Thorax 
convex, not hooded. Anterior femur with some weak spinules, 
anterior tibia more strongly spinulose, similar in this respect to the 
4 hind ones, provided with a simple pecten, anterior metatarsus 
as long as the 2 following joints taken together, intermediate legs 
similar to the anterior except that the tibia has no pecten, in the 
posterior legs the femur is as long as the tibia and 3 or 4 times 
as thick, subeylindrical and with black numerous spinules, the tibia 
is as thick as the 4 anterior femora, with the spinules longer than 
its thickness and bearing a double pecten, metatarsus as long as half 
the tibia or the 3 following joints united, provided on the ventral 
side with short, thick, dense setae, 5th joint a little longer than 
the 4th, none of the tarsal joints cordiform, claws simple, without 
distinct empodium. Abdomen elongated, sublinear. 

Length: 2°56 mm. Stellenbosch. (L. Péringuey.) 


GEN. FORCIPOMYIA, Megerle. 
FORCIPOMYIA INDECORA, N. Sp. 


3g. Brown black, mouth, palpi, antennae, and legs yellow, 
halteres whitish, mouth acuminate, as long as the height of the 
head. Eyes separated by a line. Second joint of palpi as long as 
the 3rd and 4th united, thickened at the proximal 8rd, 3rd longer 
than the 4th and little separated from it. Antennae 14-jointed 
with a very dense plume, joints 3-10 subglobular, a little trans- 
verse, 11-14 taken together as long as 2-10 united, 11 arcuate 
at base, then cylindrical, as long as 12 and 13 taken together, 
12 longer than 13 by one-half, both cylindrical and having the base 
swollen and globular, 14 a little longer than 13, subcylindrical, 
4 times as long as thick, ending in a style. Wings pointed. 
Cubitus not reaching the middle of the wing, soldered to the radius 
in its three proximal quarters, bifurcation of the discoidal hardly 
distal from the transversal, bifurcation of the postical plainly distal 
from the end of the cubitus. Legs with very long erect, sparse 
hairs, all the metatarsi a little shorter than the second tarsal joint, 
hooks very long and strongly falcate, empodium a little shorter than 
the claws, slender but with long hairs. Terminal joint of the forceps 
as long as the basal, slender, nearly straight, subeylindrical, a little. 
thinned at the distal end. 

Length: 3mm. Stellenbosch. (L. Péringuey.) 


( 270 ) 
INDEX. 
C M 
teINeds) | PAGE 
caffrarius (Chironomus) .........+..++. PAa}a) || ToauIaYoye (EF neEKOhURAWKO)) soogonocGoodnoanon des 260 
CAMPEOCIAAIUS <2. ..22.200cenesescscnseess 261 | ‘mionilis: (Pelopia)ive.ce.uce.<0s..ceeeee ne Oo 
capensis (Camptocladius) ............ 261 
capensis (Chironomus) ........-...6+ 266 | + 
CRITONOMINTE: Wa cccessnosseeetoenincsises 261 | z 
Chironomus Speco ca teonsadaecesonens ... 263 | natalensis (Camptocladius)............ 261 
CUM PRODUTUGE Goaccoononobsouncsecacoocdscac 259 | nocticolor (Serromyia) ..... ........ 268 
CUIMCOUGINGG eenese-srececesessesenece secs 268 
D Ip 
| Diy ; « 
Dicrotendipes  ....cecres.cc0e.ssersereree 262 | LE araclunio Poo ghbsios Soaherenovandhosocospads 259 
|) JE WCTIOI® Socdbd sennooedocao5o5scndbons0deC 268 
- ll PE CLO DIG tawnascry saseocseaccce see ecrn aceite 268 
| pilosimanus (Dicrotendipes) ......... 262 
FOrcipOMyid, .......ceccecersenvoeresereeee 269 
fuscipennis (Paraclunio)............++ 259 5 
Wo 
i sensualis (Chironomus) .............+ 267 
; : ‘ ISTO UEP Son nanebooodocco0ds==Cac0b0ce000C 268 
indecora (Forcipomyia) ..............- 269 
iricolor (ChironomwUsS) ........seeeeee eee 264 | 
IL 
L | a6 
| IU OK 0 casnpoecesesocdodeccncg3dens00Ee000 263 
lamprogaster (Chironomus) ......++ 266 | tetraleucus (Chironomus) ..,......... 263 


14.—On Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum, Cape Town. 
—By James Warterston, B.D., B.Sc. 


(Plates XXV. and XXVI.) 


THE present paper owes its inception to a correspondence between 
the writer and Dr. Péringuey, who, in 1912, submitted for identifi- 
cation a small but important collection of ectoparasites belonging 
to the South African Museum. A valuable portion of this material 
consisted of Mallophaga, taken inainly on tubinarial hosts in Tristan 
d’Acunha by P. Bonomi in 1904. But the collection as a whole 
proved so interesting that Dr. Péringuey arranged for a more sys- 
tematic examination of birds and mammals in the taxidermist’s room 
of the Museum. Thus during the last two years there have accumu- 
lated in all some 5,000 examples belonging to 80-90 species of the 
orders Siphonaptera, Anoplura, and Mallophaga, and the gathering 
is still in progress. Partly for this reason and partly because doubt 
still attaches to a few determinations, the whole collection is not now 
reported upon. ‘T'he residue will form the nucleus of a second 
instalment to be published whenever sufficient material has been 
brought together. Ultimately also Dr. Péringuey hopes there may 
be evoked sufficient interest in the Mallophaga of South Africa to 
justify a detailed account with figures of each species. At 
present one must be content to notice fully only those forms that 
appear to be new, and in other cases to add critical remarks when 
necessary. 

Only two notes of a general nature require to be added :— 

(1) The writer has had impressed upon him forcibly, in going 
over the Mallophaga, the cosmopolitan distribution of many species 
of that order. This fact has been often before commented upon, but 
it is certainly vividly illustrated when, as has happened in the 
writer’s experience, to one collecting Mallophaga from a bird shot 


at one’s door in Shetland, there arrives a consignment of precisely 
22 


272 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


the same species from South Africa, but from a different host. The 
greatest care, therefore, requires to be exercised in erecting new 
species. 

Where the numbers of a species have permitted dissections have 
been made to facilitate examination of certain internal features— 
chiefly in the genitalia—on which experience has shown reliance 
may be placed for specific determinations. In this way one not 
infrequently finds that the claims of an insect to specific rank vanish, 
but conversely the critical test of the genitalia show that many 
so-called varieties are distinct species. There is often a wonderful 
resemblance in general facies, colour, dimensions, and chaetotaxy 
in the latter cases, and it is never really safe to give an opinion as 
to the status of two closely similar Philopterid forms from different 
hosts till the g¢ genitalia have been dissected. 

(2) As every student of the Mallophaga knows, the phenomenon 
of ‘‘straggling’’ exhibited in this order affords most fascinating 
problems. It may seem that many of the following records are 
unusual, but much weight cannot be attached to such occurrences 
owing to the conditions under which the bulk of the collections have 
been made. When, from notes supplied by Dr. Péringuey, it is 
evident that the parasites of one host have been accidentally trans- 
ferred to another in the taxidermist’s room, the labelling has been 
corrected without remark. 

No special order has been followed for the Siphonaptera and the 
Anoplura, as there is comparatively little material (10 spp. in all) 
from these groups. The Mallophaga have been arranged mainly 
according to Kellogg in Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum, 66 me Fasci- 
cule ‘‘ Mallophaga”’ (1908). At the same time most of Mjoberg’s 
(1910) sub-divisions into families have been adopted. The species 
of Lipeuwrus recorded in the following pages will ultimately occupy 
several genera, but at present it seems premature to essay the diffi- 
cult task of division. 

We desire to thank the Carnegie Research Trust for the use of a 
dissecting microscope. Professor V. L. Kellogg, Stanford University, 
Cal., has supplied valuable material for comparison, and to him also 
we would express our indebtedness. In one or two special points 
—particularly in verifying certain references which could not be 
attempted by one so far from the centre—the assistance of Mr. 
B. F. Cummings, British Museum, and the Hon. N. Charles 
Rothschild, M.A., has been invoked and cordially given. All 
these friends we have pleasure in thanking now. 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 278 


SIPHONAPTERA. 


Gren. PULEX, L. 
Pulex, Linneus, Syst. Nat. Ed. x. p. 614 (1758). 


PULEX IRRITANS, L. (1758). 


Pulex wrritans, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Hd. x. p. 614, No. 1 (1758). 
3. Proteles cristatus. 
5 83,9. “Alleged to have come off a field mouse, Cape Town.” 


Jordan and Rothschild (Revis. Non-combed Eyed Szphonaptera, 
p. 12, 1908) have already recorded this cosmopolitan satellite of man 
from Deelfontein (Cape Colony) off Felis caracal and Tinamus 
spec.; also from Kingwilliamstown, where it occurs freely in Kaffir 


kraals (Godfrey). 


Gren. ECHIDNOPHAGA, Olliff. 
Echidnophaga, Olliff, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) i. p. 172 (1886). 


ECHIDNOPHAGA GALLINACEUS, Westwood (1879). 


Sarcopsyllus gallinaceus, Westwood, Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 246 
(1875). 
292. Homo. Taxidermist’s room, Cape Town Museum. 
About 50 examples, many mutilated. Strzx flammea, in box which 
had been occupied by a ‘“‘dassie’”’ (Procavia capensis). 
20 9 @. On Bluebok (Cephalophus monticola). 
50 3 g,10 2? ?. Domestic Fowls. 
10 3 3,35 2 ?. Dog. Livingstone, N.W. Rhodesia. 


This pest is apparently common over South Africa, occurring on a 
variety of hosts, but particularly on animals of the farmyard—fowls, 
ducks, dogs, and cats, rats, and sometimes on man. Dr. Péringuey 
remarks that the fleas taken at Livingstone were ‘‘ making the dog’s 
life a perfect misery.” For some §.A. records, see Jordan and 
Rothschild, Revis. of the Sarcopsyllidze, p. 54, Liverpool, 1906. 


ECHIDNOPHAGA LARINA, Jord. and Rothsch. (1906). 


Echidnophaga larina, Jordan and Rothschild, Revision of the 
Sarcopsyllide, Thomps. Yates and Johnst. Lab. Report, vol. 
vii. pt. i. pp. 49-51, pl. i. £. 12, pl. ii. £. 18, pl. iii. f. 25 (1906). 
238,822. Orycteropus capensis (Ant-eater). 
Mr. Rothschild has kindly confirmed this identification. HH. larina 
has occurred in Cape Colony, German Hast Africa, Somaliland, and 


274 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Abyssinia. For detailed records see Jordan and Rothschild, loc. cit. 
p. 51, also by the same authors Kat. der Siphonapt. des Ko6nigl. 
Zoolog. Mus. in Berlin. Novitates Zoologicae, vol. xviii. p. 61, 
June, 1911. 


Unlike HL. gallinaceus this species occurs only on mammals. 


Gren. CTENOCEPHALUS, Kolenati. 
Ctenocephalus, Kolenati, Fauna d. Altvat. p. 65 (1859). 


CTENOCEPHALUS CANIS, Curt, (1826). 


Pulex canis, Curtis, Brit. Ent. iii. No. 114, figs. A-E fig. 8 (1826). 
6 $3,138 9 2. Cephalophus monticola. 


CTENOCEPHALUS FELIS, Bouché (1835). 
Pulex felis, Bouché, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. xvii. i. p. 505 
(1835). 


3 29. Homo. Taxidermist’s Room, Cape Town Museum. 
3,32 2. Cephalophus monticola. 


GEN. DINOPSYLLUS, Jordan and Rothschild. 
Dinopsyllus, Jordan and Rothschild, Zool. Novit. xx. 3. p. 561 (1913). 


DiInopsyLLus INGENS, Rothsch. (1900). 


Typhlopsylla ingens, Rothschild, Ent. Rec. xii. p. 37, pl. 2, f. 4, 1900. 
433, @. ‘Probably from porcupine.” 


A full revision of the known species of Dinopsyllus—a genus 
requiring careful discrimination—will be found in Novitates 
Zoologicae, vol. xx. Oct., 1913, p. 561 ff. D. imgens is the most 
isolated of the species, as the vertical comb along the front edge of 
the antennal groove is absent or vestigial. The 5th tarsal segment 
bears 5 pairs of bristles also, instead of the normal 4. But Dr. Jordan 
and Mr. Rothschild do not think it is advisable at present to place 
mgens in a separate genus. 


ANOPLURA. 


GEN. POLYPLAX, Enderlein. 
Polyplazx, Knderlein, Zool. Anz. xxviii. p. 142 (1904). 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 275 


PoLypLAx oTomypis, Cummings (1912). 


Polyplax otomydis, Cummings, Bull. Ent. Res. vol. iii. pp. 395, 397, 
fig. 2 (1912). 
32 $ 3,60 9 2,32imm. Otomys brantsi luteolus. 

We believed these to represent a new species, and were about 
to draw up a description when our friend’s excellent and beauti- 
fully illustrated paper came to hand. Mr. Cummings notes that 
P. otomydis stands close to P. sutwralis, Osborn (Bull. 5. N.S., U.S. 
Dept. Agric. p. 185, 1896). It is distinguished, however, by its larger 
size, the shape of the abdomen, ete. Cummings’ types in Brit. Mus. 
Coll. (2 @ only) were taken on Otomys irroratus tropicalis, Thos., in 
British East Africa, northern slopes of Mt. Kenya, 7,200 ft. (S.A. 
Neave). The insect, however, does not appear to vary. 

One of the above g 3 has been added to the national collection, 
from which a duplicate ? has been presented by the trustees to the 
S.A. Museum. 


Gen. LINOGNATHUS, Enderlein. 
Linognathus, Enderlein, Zool. Anz. xxix. p. 194 (1905). 


LINOGNATHUS TIBIALIS, Piaget (1880). 


Haematopinus tibialis, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 646, pl. li. f. 8 
(1880). 
L. TIBIALIS EUCHORE, var. nov. 
44 33,156 2 2. Antilope euchore. 


Although evidently belonging to the tzbzalis type of Linognathus 
these specimens seem worth separating as a variety of Piaget's 
unfortunately not too clearly defined species. We have thought it 
best to describe this form with some detail, indicating where it seems 
to differ from Piaget's description of his types which were taken 
from Antilope maori (Jardin Zool. de Rotterdam). In the same 
“Zoo” Piaget also found two forms which he considered to be 
varieties of his tzbzalis, viz. :— 

1. var. antennata on Antilope, sp. 
2. var. appendiculata on Antilope subgutturosa. 

Mr. Cummings writes that he has not yet seen what he considers 
to be typical tibialis. 

We have evidently on Antilope, spp., a series of slightly differing 
forms whose precise status is probably to be determined only by 
a critical examination of the chaetotaxy and ¢ genitalia. 

$. Head. Before antennae, moderately produced, triangular, 


276 Annals of the South African Museum. 


with slightly blunt apex. About half a dozen minute bristles round 
mouth. One short hair at side of head anteriorly, a second midway 
between oral edge and antennae, and a third slightly behind the 
second. At 4 from oral edge and line connecting the antennae 
row of 4 short hairs dorsally placed. At 3+ from antennae, but 
below, a row of 4 hairs, of which the middle two are long. Still 
below and symmetrically placed with the 2 hairs just mentioned 
there are 2 long hairs. Row of 4 short dorsal hairs at level 
of antennae, viz., 1 at anterior edge of 1st antennal joint and 


Fic. 1.—L. TIBIALIS EUCHORE ¢. 


1 medianly at side of sucking apparatus. On the dorsum of the 
head, between the antennae and the angular occiput, a double row of 
long, strong, median hairs—6 pairs in all, of which the last pair are 
displaced more into the middle line. Between each row and the 
edge, and nearer the latter, an anterior and a posterior short 
bristle, 7.e. 4 in all. The lateral bands of the head are elongate 
before the antennae—broad near the base of the Ist joint, and 
coming to a fine point near the oral edge, where there is a clear 
region. Behind the antennae the bands are broad above, slightly 
narrower beneath, where they are sharply excised medianly. An- 
tennae rather long; 5-jointed, last 2 joints with sensoria. 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Musewmn. 277 


Thorax. Sub-quadrangular, anteriorly angularly emarginate, 3 
minute hairs near spiracle, and inside and posterior to these the 
usual pair of long hairs, under surface entirely bare. 

Abdomen. Without distinct segmentation. Integument rugose. 
The limits of the segments, however, may be fairly judged by the 
spiracles. In general each tergite bears a row of hairs, of which 
the median pair and one below the spiracle on each side are stronger. 
The spiracular hair is wanting on segment 4. Before the main row 
of hairs there is another of fewer and weaker elements. The 
chaetotaxy of tergites I—VII. is :— 


Tergites. ip Il. Ill. IV. V. Vil: VII. 
; | (a) 4 = = a —_ a 
Ist row double... 1 (b) 6 4 4 4 4 4 9 
Dinnel TON aaassosasaeeoee 12S Oa 14 13 13 10 4 


On the 8th and 9th tergites there are altogether some 26 small 
hairs disposed as in figure. 

Under surface. First sternite 2 rows only, 8th and 9th bare. 

Long sub-spiracular hairs occur only on sternites 5-7. 

In the middle sternites 2-7 agree closely with the corresponding 
tergites. 

The genital mark is dark, quadrate, 2 sight blunt anterior cornua 
and a clear post-median oval space. Dorsally there are on each side 
of the genital opening two chitinized plaques—the anterior curved, 
the posterior straight and almost at right angles to the first. The 
genitalia reach back to the level of the 4th pair of stigmata. 

The anterior pair of legs are much slighter than the posterior pair. 
whose tibiae are unusually thick. 

@. Similar in chaetotaxy and shape to g, but with a more 
pointed head before the antennae. Abdomen more truncated 
posteriorly. Gonopods with 8-10 terminal bristles, of which one 
is very strong. Genital mark like a hand looking-glass in shape. 
9th sternite not markedly chitinized, with two slanting edges towards 
the gonopods. These edges are fringed with soft hairs. On the 
posterior edge there are a few backwardly directed hairs. The last 
segment is almost entirely surmounted by a chitinous ring. Piaget’s 
description of the chaetotaxy is too incomplete, and his figure of 
L. tibialis too diagrammatic for comparison. From the measure- 
ments one sees that the present variety is a broader insect in the 
head, thorax, and abdomen. It is also slightly larger in the g, but 
the @ appears to be shorter, We do not understand some of 
Piaget’s figures, 


278 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Measurements of Li. TIBIALIS EUCHORE. 


OE ee es peidlcbia oa 

Length. Breadth. Length. Breadth. 
EL Gah ee ee race ae °357 Oi “400 271 
AM aVov Ri). eS ueee eee ‘Q49, “307 D570 385 
Abdomen: sce. ss. 0: ‘900 614 1:057 "714 

Total ... 1:46 mm. Total 17 nam. 

! licaeheafeen since 053 063 ‘060 063 
[2 nh Rete aa ‘O76 ‘046 ‘070 050 
Antennae, 3 ......... ‘063 ‘046 ‘053 046 
AF oe ketone 043 043 043 043 
SOe cna toes ‘040 033 043 033 


LINOGNATHUS PILIFERUS, Burm. (1888). 


Pediculus piliferus, Burmeister, Gen. Rhynchota, N., 18 (1838). 
10 ??,2mm. Dog. Cape Town, 28:vi:11. R. Lightfoot, coll. 


Gren. HYBOPHTHIRIUS, Enderlein. 
Hybophthirius, Enderlein, Jena Deutschr. xiv. p. 79 (1909). 


HYBOPHTHIRIUS NOTOPHALLUS, Neumann (1909). 


Haematopinus notophallus, Neumann, Jahrb. des Nassauisch. Vereins 
f. Naturk. in Wiesbaden, p. 2 (1909). 

387 ¢ 3, 41 2 2, 45 mm. and 25 ova. Orycteropus capensis (Ant- 
eater). 


Bruce F. Cummings states (Bull. Ent. Res. vol. iv. p. 44, 1913), on 
the authority of Gustav Fischer, that notophallus, Neumann, has one 
month’s priority over orycteropodis, Knderlein, who, however, rightly 
founded a new genus for this extraordinary louse. With his 
customary kindness, Mr. Cummings has ascertained from the 
publisher (J. F. Bergman in Wiesbaden) that the Nassauische 
Jahrbucher (containing W. Neumann’s paper) Jahrg. 62 (1909)--— 
‘Am 5th November 1909 Zur Versendung gelangte.’’ There is 
no date on the Journal itself except the year. 


MALLOPHAGA. 


A considerable literature exists dealing incidentally or more 
specially with the Mallophaga of Africa. In the great Monographs 
of Giebel (1874), Piaget (1880-5), and Taschenberg (1881) many 
species are described from African hosts. More recently Enderlein 
(1909), Glinkiewicz (1912), Harms (1912), Cummings (1912), 
Mjoberg (1910-11), Kellogg and Paine, Neumann, and others 


Some Hctoparasites in the South African Museum. 279 


have reported on collections made in certain regions of the conti- 
nent. Any necessary references are given under the species treated 
in the following pages. It has not seemed advisable to attempt to 
offer a complete Bibliography. 

As the genitalia g have been referred to frequently, the descriptive 
terms used may be briefly explained. The sexual apparatus of the 
g in what we believe to be its primitive Philopterid form consists 
of 9 parts in two regions. These are illustrated in the figures of 
N. opacus and N. macrocephalus. (Pl. XXV., figs. 2-4.) 

1. There is a broad laterally thickened chitinized lamina, which is 
wholly internal and to which numerous strong muscles are attached. 

2. Externally there are 6 parts placed symmetrically about the 
tubular penis and one additional below. This last is often hard to 
make out, and may look like a swollen base to the penis. The penis, 
however, seems to take constantly the form of a simple tube. Snod- 
grass (1899) has already figured and described several examples of 
this type, and Mjoberg (1910) refers constantly to the genitalia. 
But it has not yet been sufficiently grasped that the apparatus gives 
by far the best characters for the discrimination of species. Snod- 
grass calls the portion inside the abdomen the ‘internal plate ”’ ; 
Mjoberg speaks of the “ basal plate,’ a name we personally prefer. 
To the distal end of the plate at each side, and articulating distinctly 
with the plate, are two broad curved chitinous blades provided with 
a sub-terminal outwardly directed lateral hair and one median or 
post-median ventral hair. These ‘“ blades’’ Mjoberg calls ‘ para- 
mera.’ The paramera can move freely upwards, and may be 
completely reversed to le parallel with tergites 7-9. They can 
also move scissor-like towards one another. As no names appear to 
have been given to the parts within the area circumscribed by the 
paramera, we propose the following :— 

(a) Endomera for the two appendages lying next the paramera. 
The endomera are feebly movable distally from one another, but are 
fused proximally. The paramera articulate both with the endomera 
and the basal plate. The endomera bear, generally medianly or post- 
medianly and sometimes laterally, ventral hairs whose position may 
have specific value. 

(b) Appearing inside the endomera and at either side of the penis 
are two smaller telomera. They are best seen in those species where 
they project far beyond the endomera. 

(c) The hypomeron is the unpaired process beneath the penis. 

(d) The endomera are above the penis. The telomera alongside 
and above the penis and the hypomeron below. All five parts may be 


280 Annals of the South African Museum. 


collectively referred to as the mesosome. It is sometimes convenient 
to do so when the parts in association have a characteristic shape. 
It should be noted that occasionally the telomera are parted by the 
penis, which appears above them, also that the penis is enveloped 
proximally by the bases of the telomera and by the endomera as 
well. The above notes of position refer to the free distal portion of 
the penis. 


Sus-OrpeER ISCHNOCERA. 
Famity DOCOPHORIDAE. 


GEN. DOCOPHORUS, Nitzsch. 
Docophorus, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 289 (1818). 


DocoPHORUS BASSANAE, Denny (1842). 


Docophorus bassanae, Denny, Monogr. Anopl. Brit. p. 110, pl. vi. 
f. 3, pl. viii. f. 3 (1842). 
This represents the ? (ad. and imm.) of Lipeurus pullatus, N. 
We mention the form simply from its occurrence in Kellogg’s 
« List.”” For discussion see Waterston, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 
vol. xviii. No. 4, p. 248 (1912). 


DocopHoRUS BIFRONS, N. 


Docophorus bifrons, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 61 (1874). 
3, 2,2imm. examples. Merops apiaster (Huropean Bee-eater). 
?,imm. Merops apiaster. Philipstown, C.P. 


DocorHoRUs CORDICEPS, Piaget (1880). 

Docophorus cordiceps, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 80. pl. vi. f. 2 (1880). 
On three species of Aegialitis as follows :—. 

3. A. marginata, 1912. 

726,592. A.marginaia. Sept., 1913. 

$,13 9 2,imm. A. pecuarza. 1912. 

Simm. A. pecuaria. 1912. 

349.0,3 2%, imm, A. éricollaris. Sept., 1913. 

Our present impression is that the variation exhibited by this 
species is mainly in dimensions. The above examples belong to the 
slightly smaller form found regularly on Aegzalitis spp. and to it 
possibly Giebel’s name semivittatus should be applied. Typical 
cordiceps, P., occurs, we think, on Totanus, Tringa, and Strepsilas, 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 281 


while on Vanellus there is a larger race for which temporalis, G., may 
meantime be retained. We have looked hitherto in vain for structural 
differences, but we have not yet had an opportunity of dissecting 
var. temporalis. We have, in fact, seen but one adult % of this form. 
The problem of separating the races of cordiceps is complicated not 
merely by the evident fineness of the distinctions (if they really 
exist) but also by the sociable nature of the hosts, which facilitates 
transmission of the parasites in a confusing way. 


DocorHorus cursor, N. 


D. cursor, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 75, pl. x. figs. 5, 6 
(1874). 

333,322. Bubo capensis. 

15 g g,14 9 ?, 10 imm. Bubo maculosus (Spotted Hagle Owl). 
Philipstown, C.P. 

With regard to the Docophori of the owls, we find ourselves at 
present in substantial agreement with the position taken up by 
Professor Kellogg in a suggestive short paper in Science, N.S. vol. 
xxxvil. No. 943, p. 154 (1913). We have seen Docophori from about 
a dozen species of owl from various localities—Canada, Iceland ?, 
Great Britain, East Prussia, and South Africa—and think with 
Kellogg that three types—celebrachys, N., cursor, N., and rostratus, 
N.—will cover most of the species (about a dozen) hitherto reported 
from owls. This at least should be a satisfactory position to adopt 
until the ¢ genitalia have been compared. 

The case of the owl Docophori is, however, but a special instance 
of a condition occurring frequently among the Mallophaga, viz. the 
attachment of what seems, superficially at least, the same species (or 
group of species) to similar hosts (7.e. of the same or allied genera) 
over a wide geographical area. It should be insisted upon that each 
series of parasites is to be discussed on its merits. The genus Doco- 
phorus seems little given to variation other than in size and colour ; 
but Nirmus and Lipeurus are full of surprises. It wouid be hard to 
say, ¢.g., how many absolutely distinct species are at present confused 
under the name N. fuwrvus, N. The 2? @? offer such slight differences 
that one would never imagine they were of specific value apart from 
the confirmatory evidence supplied by the other sex. The g$ 9 too 
are very similar, but by the genitalia are sharply separated from one 
another. We are, of course, here at the margin of a wide question, 
viz. what characters are to be regarded as specific in the group 
Mallophaga. We only wish to state our opinion that while similar 


282 Amnals of the South African Musewm. 


Philopterid forms from a wide range of hosts may truly enough, as 
in the present case, represent one species, there is nothing unnatural 
or unlikely in their being referable to distinct species. Both condi- 
tions in fact do, we believe, occur. The even more improbable case 
of two extremely similar* species occurring on the same host 
species, is found in the genus Nzrmus on so common a British bird 
as Turdus merula. 


DocorHorus Excisus, N. (1818). 


Docophorus excisus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 88, pl. ix. 
figs. 1, 2, 3 (1874). 
9. Hirundo rustica. 


DocopHorus LARI, Denny (1842). 


Docophorus lari, Denny, Monogr. Anopl. Brit. p. 89, pl. v. p. 9 
(1842). 

3. Tringa subarquata. 

5 $f. Diomedea melanophrys. 

239 9,4 292,4imm. Larus domumecanus. 

2838,32 2. Larus hartlaubr. 

17 93,162 ¢9,27imm. Larus hartlaubi. Table Bay, July, 1913. 

838,522. Larus hartlaubi. Table Bay, Sept., 1913. 

Piaget (Les Pédiculines, p. 112, 1880) reports a var. parva from 
Larus dominicanus (Valdivia), but we prefer to leave the discussion of 
varieties over till we have seen material from more species of South 
African Larus. 


DocorpHoRUS LEUCOGASTER, Giebel (1874). 


Docophorus leucogaster, Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 300 (1874). 
138 3,11 29,6imm. Buteojakal. 1912-1913. 

Not having seen examples of D. platyrrynchus, N., we are unable 
to say from examination of the genitalia how the insects compare. 
But there is every reason to believe on general grounds that 
D. lewcogaster, G., is a synonym or at most a variety of Nitzsch’s 
species. 

DocopHORUS MELANOCEPHALUS, N. (1818). 


Docophorus melanocephalus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 110, 
pl. xi. fig. 8 (1874). 
299. Sterna bergu. May, 1913. 


* Analogous to the occurrence of, say, two cursor-like Docophori on the same 
species of owl. 


Some Hctoparasites in the South African Museum. 983 


DocoPpHORUS ROSTRATUS, N. 


D. rostratus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Hpiz. p. 76, pl. x. fig. 4 (1874). 
2992. Bubo capensis. 


See remarks under cursor. Apparently a scarcer species. 


Gren. NIRMUS, Nitzsch. 
Nirnmwus, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 291 (1818). 


NiIRMUs AcTopHIuus, Kell. and Chap. (1899). 


N. actophilus, Kellogg and Chapman, New Mallophaga, iii. p. 78, 
pl. vi. fig. 4 (1899). 

See also N. holophaeus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 158, pl. v. 
fig. 1 (1874). 

N. subcingulatus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 158 (1874). 

?. Tringa subarquata. 

This is a Nirmus of the holophaeus, N., type (Machetes). But 
holophaeus is only one member of a very bewildering series of 
which actophilus is perhaps the smallest term. Possibly N. swb- 
cingulatus, N. (Strepsilas interpres), denotes the present insect, but 
we prefer in the meantime to use Kellogg and Chapman’s name as 
their figure and description more recognizably apply to the above 
@ and similar material in our own collection. 


NirMUS DECIPIENS, N. (1818). 
Nirmus decipiens, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 162, pl. xv. fig. 4 
(1874). 
83,9 22,3 imm. Recurvirostra avocetta (Avocet). Dec., 
1912. Philipstown, C.P. 


Three species of Nirmus appear to be peculiar to the Avocet, and 
Dr. Péringuey has fortunately secured all (see in addition under 
N. pileus, N., and N. signatus, P.). Dr. Yngve Sjostedt collected 
the two last-named from L. avocetta, Natron Lakes, Kilimandjaro- 
Meru, but did not take the present insect. (See Kellogg, Wissen- 
schaft. Hrgeb. der Schwedisch., Zoolog. Exped. Nachdem Kilimand- 
jaro, ete. Deutsch. Ostafrickes, 1905-1906, 15 Corrodentia, 4 Mallo- 
phaga, p. 47. Uppsala (1908).) 


Nirmus aGraciuis, N. (1818). 
Nirmus gracilis, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 1438, pl. vy. 
figs. 11, 12 (1874). 
dS. Hirundo rustica. 


284 Annals of the South African Museum. 


NIRMUS MACROCEPHALUS, spec. nov. (Pl. XXV., figs. 2 and 5.) 


10 6 g,149 9%. Aegialitis pecuaria. 
183,829. Aegualriis tricollaris. Sept., 1913. 
138 69,8 99. Aegialitis marginata. Sept., 1913. 


This is a very characteristic Nirmus of the bicuspis, N., type. 
[Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 155, pl. v. figs. 11, 12 (1874).] We do not 
give a detailed description of the chaetotaxy, since such differences 
as we have noted between the South African insect and N. 
hiaticulae, D. [Monogr. Anopl. Brit. p. 136, pl. xi. f. 10 (1842)], 
(which we take to be bicuspis, N.), and N. opacus, Kell. and Chap. 
[New Mallophaga, ili. p. 83, pl. vi. fig. 6 (1899)], are probably 
immaterial. We have hzaticulae from Britain, and Professor Kellogg 
has very generously presented for dissection one of the three extant 
3 gS of opacus. 

The chief distinguishing feature externally is the long head, which 
is also extremely narrow, viz. g length -4 mm., breadth -27 mm. 
(opacus -4 and °31). In macrocephalus the signature is short and 
broad, in opacus more elongated with a backwardly produced apex. 
Length macrocephalus 8, 1°35 mm.; opacus g, 1:11 mm. 

The genitalia of macrocephalus are distinct. The basal plate is 
posteriorly (as it lies in the insect ‘‘anteriorly’’) expanded. The 
paramera are evenly curved almost their whole length, and bear the 
ventral hair far forward, apically the paramera contract rather sud- 
denly. The meosome is long with parallel sides. The V-shaped 
ventral pattern extends to the articulation of the paramera with the 
basal plate. Hach endomer is slightly contracted near the apex, 
where there are in side-view one or two rugose papillae which may 
bear minute sensory hairs. Ventrally 3 or 4 hairs on each endomer. 
The penis with the telomers distinctly fails to reach the level of the 
endomers. In hiaticulae, D., and opacus, Kell. and Chap., the basal 
plate is small and narrowed posteriorly. The paramera bend more 
abruptly than in macrocephalus, and at a greater distance from the 
apex. The ventral hair is thus placed not so far forward. The 
paramera are considerably narrowed on the apical third in both 
forms, but they are more slender near the basal plate in opacus 
than in hiaticulae. In both the penis, the endomers, and the 
telomers reach the same level. The penis is thicker than in the 
form described. The sides of the mesosome are in opacus curved 
from base to apex, in hzaticulae sub-parallel for the greater part 
of their length. The minute hairs are also more numerous in 
opacus than in hiaticulae. All three forms are close to one another, 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 985 


however. Yet it is impossible, we think, till more of this type 
have been investigated to say what value is to be assigned to the 
differences between members of the bicuspis group. They are 
not, we imagine, varieties in the sense that atrimarginatus, K. and 
C., is a var. of Nirmus lineolatus. It may be advisable ulti- 
mately to arrange them in a trinomial series. 


Dimensions of MACROCEPHALUS 2. 


Length. Breadth. 
ARS atalet Sh Ges sie Eee alae) SE el -430 300 
Pr OtmOra Ke ease so sack tenascin 6 -200 
IMetathoram ta.c5 28. tt en eesokeobeeees 183 290 
Ja] O16 (6) 000210 (ek a ae EAR ‘971 470 


Total length of @ 1:68 mm. 


The bicuspis type of Nirmus though occasionally found on other 
Limicolae is probably specially attached to the genus Aegialitis. 


NIRMUS MELANOPHRYS, N. 
N. melanophrys, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 146 (1874). 
2383, 2. Upupa africanus (South African Hoopoe). Philips- 
town, C.P. 
Imm. Upupa africanus. April, 1913. 


NIRMUS NEBULOSUS, Denny (1842). 
Nirmus nebulosus, Denny, Monogr. Anopl. Brit. p. 132, pl. xi. f. 18 
(1842). 
3,922. Sturnus vulgaris. Sept., 1913. 
6,4 292?,4imm. Sturnus vulgaris. 
This host—the common starling of Europe—has been introduced 
into South Africa. 
Nirmus pineus, N. (1818). 
Nirmus pileus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 162 (1874). 
For note see under N. decipiens, N. 
2f93,25imm. fecurvirostra avocetta (Avocet). Dec., 1912. 
Philipstown, C.P. 


Nirmus punctatus, N. (1818). 


N. punctatus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Hpiz. p. 176, pl. iv. figs. 1 
(1874). 


9) 
’ a 


N. PUNCTATUS LINGULATUS, Var. nov. 


30 $ 3,27 29 2?,6imm. Larus hartlaubt. Table Bay, July, 
L913. 


286 Annals of the South African Museum. 


An interesting series representing one of the good colour varieties 
to which the larine Nirmz give rise. An excellent example of such 
variation is N. lineolatus, N. var. atrimarginatus, Kellogg and 
Chapman, New Mallophaga, pt. iii. p. 75 (1899). The present 
variety of punctatus is more ornately marked than the type. Its 
position can best be understood by considering it along with the 
typical form and N. felix, Giebel (Ins. Epiz. p. 175, 1894), between 
which it is evidently intermediate. In doing this, while we are 
completely satisfied that the South African insects merit only varietal 
rank, we have no desire to express an opinion on the status of 
N. feliz, which Kellogg considers a valid species. We wish only 
to state the evidence in so far as it is available. 

With regard to the markings :— 

(a) N. punctatus of typical g form shows on the head a moderate 
spot at the eye, a second, often faint and not infrequently wanting, 
a short distance in front of the antennae, and a third not far from 
the clypeal edge. These six with the pair on the occiput (which 
really shine through from the inserted portion of the prothorax) 
make up the 8 spots of which Piaget (Les Pédiculines, p. 200) 
speaks. Two pairs of spots on prothorax at anterior and posterior 
angles respectively. The metathoracic margin is really clear, but 
there are below 4 spots which shine through. In the abdomen the 
lateral bands are clear. At their broadest region (at the suture) 
each is crossed by an elongated spot which does not project inwards 
beyond the band. 

There is on segments 2-7 a median elongated spot. 

(b) N. punctatus lingulatus. g. The spots of the head are all 
invariably present, being very dark and slightly larger than in the 
preceding. The temples are still uncoloured. The transverse 
abdominal spots have become narrow bands projecting inwardly far 
beyond the chitinized lateral band, especially on segments 3-5. The 
inner end of these transverse black bands is upturned towards the 
head of the insect. The median elongated spots are more extensive. 

(c) N. feliz, G. g. From Kellogg’s figures one sees that the 
spots of the head are still larger and denser: that in the clypeus the 
anterior portion of the antennal band is now also darkened ; that 
the temporal margin is also coloured uniformly and in the same 
way the metathoracic sides. The transverse abdominal bands are 
broader, and the lateral bands are partly coloured besides; while 
on segments 7-8 the whole lateral band is darkened. 

The under surface (3) of the three forms may be compared in a 
sentence. In punctatus there are on each of sternites 4-6 a pair of 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 287 


narrow elongated black spots. These are often defective. In 
lingulatus all 6 are present—the median pair (st. 5) being 
broader and showing as well in some specimens on inwardly 
projecting anterior angle. In felzx all 6 are moderately broad—the 
median pair being wider than the others and connected at the inner 
anterior angles by a dark linear band, As regards markings, then, 
punctatus, lingulatus, and feliz form undoubtedly a graduated series. 

It is desirable that, when possible, specific definitions should be 
based on morphological characters. In the Mallophaga we believe 
the best characters are to be found in (a) the head, and (c) the 
3 genitalia, and occasionally, too, those of the @. The characters 
to be relied on in these regions are the shape and chaetotaxy. 

We have critically examined typical punctatus and var. lingulatus, 
and find their agreement very complete. Professor Kellogg beautifully 
illustrates N. felix, G. (New Mallophaga, pt. i. pl. vi. figs. 3, 4, 
1896), and though no details of the genitalia are alluded to in the 
corresponding text (p. 110), we think that two remarks may be safely 
ventured, 

I. That felix is more closely related to punctatus than to any 
other of the gull Nermz. This is seen in the shape of the head and 
in the figure of the genitalia which, though drawn on a small scale, 
are easily seen to be of the punctatus type. The genitalia of pune- 
tatus are unique so far as we knowin the group to which the species 
belongs. The paramera are broad and abruptly bent at a little 
beyond half-way from the base. The extreme top of each paramer 
is darkened and the rest of the apparatus consists of a delicate 
hyaline chitin. Thus the species may be said to maintain its 
“punctatus ’’ character throughout. In lineolatws the paramera 
are evenly bent, dark and of moderate breadth. This is a common 
type (see Kellogg, loc. cit. pl. vi. figs. 7-8). The paramera of felix 
are of the peculiar “‘ punctatus’ type, being, according to Kellogg’s 
figure, broad and sharply bent. They differ, however, in being 
completely darkened, which would incline one to expect some 
concomitant structural difference indicating a valid species. These 
facts, together with what has been said about the markings, rein- 
force the view of the affinities of felix suggested above. 

II. Piaget (1880) (Les Pédiculines, p. 201) held that felix is a 
variety of punctatus. Kellogg holds the contrary view. The 
following, then, would seem to be the alternatives. 

(a) That felix is a richly marked variety of punctatus in which the 
dark coloration at first in spots has assumed the form of bands, in- 
vading also finally the lateral bands and the usually colourless genitalia. 

23 


288 Annals of the South African Museum. 


(>) That it is a species closely approached by a variety, lingulatus, 
of its nearest congener. 


NIRMUS sIGNATUS, Piaget (1880). 
Nirmus signatus, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 186, pl. xv. fig. 8 (1880). 
See also under N. decipiens, N. 
3,2. ecurvirostra avocetta (Avocet). Dec.,1912. Philipstown, 
CP: 
Nirmvs varius, N. 
N. varius, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 130, pl. vii. figs. 2, 3 
(1874). 

[Kellogg and Paine have already (Bull. Ent. Res. ii. p. 147, 
pl. v. figs. 5, 5a, July, 1911) recorded this species from Oshogbo, 
S. Nigeria (Corvultur albicollis) and from Malachal, Egyptian 
Sudan, on starling. ] 

138 ¢9,62 2,5imm. Host unknown, 
1839 3,162 9,50imm. Corvus capensis. 

We have not sufficient material from European hosts for com- 
parison with the above, and cannot say how far they are typical. 
The Docophorus of Corvus capensis (not reported on in this instal- 
ment) taken with the above Nirmus does not seem referable strictly 
to any of the usual corvine types. Much more, therefore, one might 
expect the accompanying Nirmus to vary. So far as descriptions 
carry one this does not seem to be the case. It must be remem- 
bered that the corvine Docophori are a very plastic group—at least 
us regards markings. 


NIRMUS ViTTATUS, G. (1874). 
N. vittatus, Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 147 (1874). 

By using this name we mean the raptorial Nirmus in which the 
first abdominal band is medianly excised opposite a point-like mark 
on the posterior margin of the metathorax. Most of the following 
examples are referable to this well-defined type. 

39 3 3,209 2,5imm. No date. 
From Buteo jakal 14 9 3,162 2,40imm. 1912. 
C2 as Bane oe ooumm, ~ Savile: 
18 go, 12 22, Gimm. March, 1913: 
936; 92 2, 4imm- Philipstown, C2. 
1494,15992,9imm. LHutomaetus spilogaster. 
4¢¢9,10imm. Lutomaetus pennatus (Booted Eagle). 
The last lot are much shrivelled. 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 289 


3$3,522,5imm. Melieraz canorus (Chanting Goshawk). 
Philipstown, C.P. 

768,102 9,3imm. Circus macrurus (Pale Harrier). Philips- 
town, C.P. 

Nirmus vuxueatus, Kellogg (1896). 

Nirmus vulgatus, Kellogg, New Mallophaga, ii. pp. 496-498, pl. Ixvii. 
103) ee 

$,222,2imm. Passer arcuatus. Cape Town, x: 12. 

233,29 2,2imm. Passer arcuatus. March, 1913. 

3. <Amadina erythrocephala (Red-headed Weaver Bird). Philips- 
town, C.P. 

Kellogg and Paine (Bull. Ent. Res. vol. ii. p. 148, July, 1911) 
record ‘‘numerous specimens from the starling and one from an 
owl, Malachal, Egyptian Sudan (H. H. King). This is the first 
record of this American species, which is found widely distributed on 
American passerine birds, from a host in the Old World.” 

But the species also occurs on Palaearctic passerines ; when there- 
fore the synonymy of the group is better understood it will not be 
surprising to find vulgatus give way to an older name. 


NirMus zONARIUS, N. 
3. Nirmus zonarius, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 166 (1874). 
3,229. Tringa subarquata. 

We use the name zonarius for the Nirmus of the general type 
cingulatus, got on a variety of small waders. Zonarius, though 
a good species, is extraordinarily like its larger congener ; but the 
genitalia are different. 


Famity GONIODIDAE. 


Gen. GONIOCOTES, Burmeister. 
Gontocotes, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. vol. 2, p. 431 (1835). 


GONIOCOTES BIFASCIATUS, Piaget (1885). 


Goniocotes bifasciatus, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, Suppl. p. 47, pl. v. 
f. 6 (1885). 
Four lots from Spheniscus demersus— 
2, (d) Table Bay, 1913. 
(bt) 58 39,8199. 
(c) 62:69); 06) 227 fo 1mm: 
(e) 84 9 9,40 2 2, 10 imm. 


290 Annals of the South African Museum. 


This peculiar species, as the above records show, is abundant on its 
special host. A new genus will ultimately be required for its reception. 

Kric Mjoberg, ‘‘ Studien tiber Mallophagen and Anopluren ”’ 
(Archiv for Zoologi. Band. 6, N:O.13, p. 108, Upsala and Stock- 
holm, 1910), remarks, ‘‘ Von dieser sehr charakteristichen Art, die 
nur einmal und zwar Von Piaget, in der Literatur Erwaihnung 
gefunden hat, liegen mir einige Exemplare von demselben Vogel, 
Sphaeniscus magellanicus, vor, (Afrika, Kaudern).”’ 

[Sphaeniscus magellanicus, specifically different from S. demersus 
is not found on the African coast. Hither Mjéberg’s specimen was 
badly identified, or the locality ‘‘ Afrika’”’ is wrongly given.—EprrTor. | 


GEN. GONIODES, Nitzsch. 
Goniodes, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 293 (1818). 


GONIODES FALCICoRNIS, N. (1818). 


Gontodes, falcicornis, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 198, pl. xii. 
figs. 14, 15 (1874). 
936,13 9 2,23imm. Pavo cristatus (Peacock). 


In some of the above reckoned as adult the markings are not fully 
established but the sex is plainly indicated. 


GONIODES MINOR, Piaget (1880). 


Gontodes minor, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 256, pl. xxi. fig. 3 (1880). 
?. Turtur capicola. 
3. Vinago delalandi, Port St. Johns, C.C., Nov., 1901. Shortridge. 


GIEBELIIDAH, fam. nov. 


We erect this division for these forms, hitherto included amongst 
the Philopteridae, which are furnished with a broad transverse flap 
on the under side of the clypeus. This flap projects to form 
characteristic horns or knobs at the sides of the clypeus. 

Only three genera are certainly to be placed here at present— 
Giebelia, Kellogg, Mackayia, Waterst., and Philoceanus, Kellogg ; 
Giebelia and Mackayia apparently represent a line of direct de- 
velopment, of which three stages are to be seen in G. mirabilis, 
M. dimorpha, and M. heteracanthus ; Philoceanus is a more isolated 
form which we have not seen. 

It may be possible later to diagnose this family more fully. Prob- 
ably the definition should include the peculiar banding and 
chaetotaxy of the head, etc. Meanwhile the membranous folded 


Some Hetoparasites in the South African Museum. 291 


flap is sufficiently characteristic of this small but remarkable group 
of parasites. 


Gen. GIEBELIA, Kellogg. 
Giebelia, Kellogg, New Malloph. pt. 1, p. 137 (1896). 


GIEBELIA HEXAKON, spec. nov. 
(Pl XXY., figs. 7and dil; Ply Xx Vars fie 145) 


3,422. Majaqueus aequinoctialis (Cape Hen). 
One of these ? ? is merely a skin. 


The occurrence of a species of Giebelia in the Atlantic is interest- 
ing. Hitherto known as a Puffinus parasite from the Pacific only, this 
genus proves to have a wider range both in hosts and in distribution. 

A larger paler form than G. mirabilis, Kell., with which at first 
we were inclined to identify Dr. Péringuey’s material. On com- 
parison with a pair of paratypes forwarded by Professor Kellogg 
some interesting differences, undoubtedly of specific value, appear. 
These are to be found (a) in the head, (6) genitalia #, and (c) in the 
shape of the marginal bands of the abdomen. In general chaetotaxy 
these Giebeliid forms are practically identical (see under Mackayia 
heteracanthus). We therefore draw attention merely to the following 
features. 

3. The head is proportionately broader behind in hexakon than 
in mirabilis. The antennae are quite simple. In fact the general 
facies of the head is reminiscent of 9 mzrabilis rather than the 9. 
The projecting knobs of the membranous fold are large. A unique 
feature, reminiscent also of the 2 2 of this group, is the presence in 
the § of a short backwardly curved branch of the antennal band 
which bears terminally just above the base of the antennal joint a 
heavy spine. The 4 similar spines of mcrabilis are also present, and 
from these 6 pike-like outgrowths the species is named. 

On the inferior aspect of the head the eye is produced into a 
short blunt hooked process directed forwards. The eye itself, as in 
nurabilis, is extremely prominent. The greatest width of the head 
lies between the eyes. In the allies of hexakon the greatest width is 
just below the eyes. There is almost no difference in shape or 
dimensions between the heads of the sexes in this species (see 
tables), but the ? temples swell out slightly beyond the eye. The 
genitalia 9 are quite distinct from those of mirabilis. The basal 
plate is longer and narrower. The paramera are bent only at their 
articulation with the plate. Thereafter they run with parallel sides 
to near the apex. The penis is longer than in mzrabilis. 


292 Annals of the South African Museum. 


?. The head is longer and broader than in muwrabilis. The 
internal incrassations of the lateral bands of the abdomen are also 
more pronounced. 


Dimensions of GIEBELIA HEXAKON. 


et Se een an pe a: 
Length. Breadth. Length. Breadth. 
EGA. ocd tae eae ‘570 ‘570 585 *585 
IPFOLHOLAX: =. case eee "185 ‘400 185 ‘406 
Metathorax ......... 185 514 oallrgeil ‘471 
Abd Omen. s.28s. cen "785 = 1:040 — 
Segment 4............ — “7 — ‘75 
otal see elias — 197 — 
(1 es: ‘O76 05 ‘O76 050 
[el hives ‘060 036 056 030 
Antennae 3 ......... 036 033 030 030 
Ne a a ‘026 026 026 026 
\5 5: Oe 040 026 040 023 
Length of Antennae -23 -- 22 _- 


Gen. MACKAYIA, Waterston. 
Mackayia, Waterston, Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. p. 251 (1913). 
MACKAYIA HETERACANTHUS, Waterst. (1912). 
(Pl, XX, fig; PICs fpsolseto. 1s)) 
Mackayia heteracanthus, Waterston, The Scottish Naturalist, p. 258 
(1912). 
, 2. Types Procellaria (Ossifraga) gigantea (Giant Petrel). 
3S. Oceanites oceanicus (Wilson’s Storm Petrel). 26: iii: 04. 
P. Bonomi, coll. 


o 
2 


Description of M. HETERACANTHUS. 


In general facies and chaetotaxy very similar to MZ. dimorpha, 
Waterst. (The Scottish Naturalist, pp. 251-7, figs. 1-6, 1913), from 
which, however, it may be separated by the head and ¢ genitalia. 

3. Head. Clypeus straight with rounded angles. Bands curved 
towards one another, anteriorly each bears three short hairs—one 
above, one at the edge, and a third below and somewhat behind the 
first two. There rises also from below, but farther back, a longer 
hair which projects beyond the edge. On the upper surface of the 
clypeus there is a longish hair between the band and the edge of the 
signature, at about the level of the peculiar labral folding. Signature 
reaching back to the mandibles, where it fuses broadly with a 
transverse internal band connecting the antennals. The pre-sutural 
portion of the signature bears apparently two hairs, but careful 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 293 


focusing shows that these rise on the under side of the head. On 
either side of the apex of the signature is a short strong bristle 
directed backwards. 

The antennal bands (cf. M. dimorpha), connected by a medianly 
swollen transverse internal band, advance anteriorly to the somewhat 
indefinite suture, while posteriorly they curve very distinctly inwards, 
each bearing terminally a heavy peg-like spine. At the outer edge 
above the first antennal joint there is a minute bristle. In front of 
the peg-like spines referred to and before the band connecting the 
antennals are two short bristles. 

The ocular band, especially on the inferior surface of the head, is 
more strongly developed than in M. dimorpha. Besides the dark 
spot before the eye there is a distinct branch running towards the 
posterior region of the antennal band (this is more apparent below). 
The occipital bands have a strong dark basal spot. They are set 
widely apart and diverge considerably in their outwardly curved 
course till they practically join with the ocular bands. There is, as 
in M. dimorpha, a tendency to branching on the inner aspect of the 
bands. 

Antennae deeply inset in the head; lst joint as long as the 
succeeding 4 together, with a large appendage near the base. 
The upper posterior median region with a deep excavation from 
which rise 2 hairs. First joint a triangle with truncated apex, 
broad at the base and appreciably narrowed where it gives rise to 
the 3rd joint, which bears a broad sinuous appendage, furnished 
near the apex with a relatively strong hair. Fourth joint very short; 
5th joint nearly twice as long as the 4th. Trabeculae long, reaching 
to about the middle of the Ist joint. Eye prominent, large, with 
1 bristle. Across the middle of the post-ocular region of the 
head runs a row of 4 bristles, lying 1, 2, 1, in the three regions 
separated by the occipital bands. In front of each of the median 
pair is an extremely minute hair, while behind near the occiput are 
2 longer hairs. 

Between the eye and the base of the occipital band are the 
following: 2 very short bristles, 2 long strong hairs, 1 long weaker 
hair, 1 short bristle. The occiput itself is bare. 

The margin of the head from the eye to a little beyond the base of 
the occipital band is incrassated, while the middle of the occiput is bare. 

On the ventral surface of the head, at about the level of the 
clypeal suture, is an entire transverse membranous flap folded on 
itself at the sides to form there knotted triangular processes dis- 
tinctly seen from above. Between these projections the clypeus 


294 Annals of the South African Museum. 


is apparently hinged along a narrow transverse crease. This inter- 
pretation is supported by the presence on the inner anterior aspect 
of the antennal bands of a curious knot-like projection which fits 
into a socket-like modification of the signature. The signature is 
thus characteristically hollowed on both sides (ef. Giebelia and 
M. dimorpha). 

Thorax. Prothorax much broader than long, sides rounded and 
heavily thickened, 2 minute bristles anteriorly on the dorsum. 

Metathorax bears, like the prothorax, 2 minute bristles anteriorly 
on dorsum; sides divergent, much thickened; posterior margin 
rounded over abdomen. At the posterior angle and for some dis- 
tance along the edge a row of pustulated hairs—6 in all on each 
side. The pustules are regularly disposed, but from its position the 
hair at the corner diverges more than the others, which thus come 
to form a row by themselves. Median region of hind margin clear. 
On the sternum the chitinous ribs between the coxae are strongly 
developed. Prosternum bare, metasternum 4 hairs, 2 between mid- 
coxae, 2 between hind coxae. 

Abdomen. The dorsal bands are continuous on all the segments, 
being broad on 1, 2, 3-8, and narrowed medianly on the others. 
The minute terminal segment is uniformly brown. In shape the 
abdomen is elongated oval. The margin is distinetly toothed from 
the overlapping of the segments. 

The lateral bands, except on the first segment, are strongly 
developed ; on the under surface they are clearly defined, but above 
they are less plainly limited owing to fusion with the transverse 
markings of the tergites. Each band shows an almost rectangular 
median appendage. There is also a thickening of the band along 
the inner anterior edge to form a second minor appendage which 
more or less enters the previous segment. The number of hairs on 
the lateral bands ranges up to 4 (below) and 2 (above), reckoning, as 
on the band, all hairs outside the stigma. The maximum of 6 is 
found on segment 7; 1-2 of these hairs project at the angle. 

The first abdominal segment differs from the others (2-7) in being 
slightly narrower (4 less), in the presence of 2 minute hairs 
anteriorly in the middle of the tergite (cf. thorax) and of 1 hair on 
each side at about 4+ from the posterior angle, and also in the 
reduced thickening of the sides which show no median appendage. 
Two median hairs on hind border. 

Tergites 2-8 are sub-equal in length, with large stigmata on 2-7, 

The 2nd tergite bears 2 median hairs on hind border. The 
3rd—5th bear 3-4 median hairs and 1 on each side before the 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 295 


stigma. The 6th—7th bear 2 median hairs, 1 before the stigma 
and 1 immediately below, 7.e. 6 in all. 

The 8th tergite bears 6 hairs (3, 3) above the emergence of the 
genitalia. The 9th tergite bears at the sides 2 patches of minute 
bristles. 

On the under surface the segmental bands are sharply limited 
and do not join the laterals. The Ist sternite bears 4 hairs, 
2nd st.—5th st. bear 6 hairs, 6th st. bears 4, 7th st. bears 2, and there 
are a few terminal hairs on the indistinct genital mark. The genitalia 
are large and peculiar. The paramera are broadly curved near 
their origin and again at the apex, so that the exserted apparatus 
is lyre-shaped. The first upper pair of appendages are here broad, 
leaf-like structures with underneath 2 strong chitinous rods. The 
homology of these rods is uncertain, and there is unfortunately not 
enough material to permit of dissection. The genital mark is very 
similar to that of MW. dimorpha. 

? The main differences between the sexes are to be found in the 
head. I. heteracanthus, like M. dimorpha, is distinctly dimorphice. 
The occipital bands are sharply defined. They are curved towards 
one another, and not outwardly, as they run forward. Anteriorly 
each fuses with the ocular and antennal bands. The transverse band 
connecting the antennae in the g is medianly incomplete in the 9. 
Thus the apex of the signature is clearly seen. Antennae simple, 
trabeculae as long as the swollen 1st joint. For details see table. 

In neither sex do the legs call for remark. They are moderately 
stout and Docophoroid in structure, but the large coxae of the 3 
show rather a Lipeuroid feature. 


Measurements of MACKAYIA HETERACANTHUS in mm. 


é 2 
Length. Breadth. Length. Breadth. 
1S (NG ee ene Ges cee “500 AD 542, “449, 
Prothorax ..-......:+. 1335) "339 "128 342 
Nietathoraxa eee "185 ‘464 aS) “485 
Abdomen) <2-cs-sese- 907 — 928 = 
egment Uo... — “40 = 457 
Segment 4............ — GON — “685 
Total (27 — NPY fst) = 
i ener tia 2 14 063 ‘063 05 
E yettes ‘O07 036 05 ‘03 
Ament ae4 oO) seecenne. ‘03 073 ‘026 026 
As Sous ‘02 -028 ‘026 023 
i pak ‘036 ‘026 035 ‘021 
Length of Antennae 3 — 2 — 


296 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Notes on Giebelia and Mackayia. 
Having all the known forms of these peculiar parasites before us, 
we have drawn up the following tables for their differentiation. 


Key to Genera. 


The sexes with similar simple antennae which are carried gently recurved. Anterior 
edge of trabecula, measured from the apex to the hair at the junction with the 
edge of the head, distinctly longer than the 1st antennal joint .. Giebelia. 


The sexes with dissimilar antennae which are carried in the ¢ bent sharply 
back. One or more joints with an appendage. Basal joint (¢) with a distinct 
fovea on upper surface, edge of trabecula markedly less than length of 1st antennal 
TOUne (Sc Gord) harp Shc Ogee. Ula eel | Se SReaN ee eee, meen ercieaniiae 


Key to Species of GIEBELIDAE. 
(For the more convenient handling of the ¢ ¢ we treat all the species together). 
oo. 

A. Antennae simple. 
a. Six peg-like spines on head, 1 on each side of signature, 1 on an extension of 
the antennal band above the 1st antennal joint and 1 at the end of another band 
which curves inwards from the base of the antennae. (We may refer to these 
3 parts as ‘‘anterior,” ‘lateral,’ and ‘‘ posterior’’ respectively.) Paramera 
straight with parallel sides. Basal plate narrow.. .. Gibelia hexakon, n. sp. 
b. Four peg-like spines, 2 anterior, 2 posterior, the lateral pair represented by 
minute spines. Paramera distinctly curved. Sides not parallel, there being 


a sudden concavity on the inner edge near the base. Basal plate short and 
Ingoyboo Yoo So 66 66 oo Eb oo oe ob oo wo oo ChGiaonniralbiie: 


AA,. Antennae with appendages. 
a’, Antennae with 1 appendage on 3rd joint. Anterior edge cf trabecula 3, 1st 


antennal joint. Spines as in G. mirabilis g, eye prominent and round. Para- 
mera short, broad, and once curved .. .. .. .. .. Mackayia dimorpha. 


b'. Antennae with appendages on Ist and 3rd joints. Anterior edge of trabe- 
cula 4 1st antennal joint, anterior spines bristle-like, eye not prominent, paramera 
Uae Ge oo Go 65 06 oo co 46 ae co lolita lnaRio Ud. 


2? @. In describing M. dimorpha and M. heteracanthus 2 2? we 
have mentioned that the transverse band between the antennals, 
which is so conspicuous a feature of the g g forehead, is inter- 
rupted near the signature. In both ? 2 of the Gviebelia spp. this 
band is conspicuous though uncoloured and very narrow on either 
side of the apex of the signature. By this feature we find it very 
easy to separate the 9 2 actually before us. We do not care to use 
this character, however, in the following table, as on recurring to 
our 2 2 Mackayia we find that there are membranous creases 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 297 


connecting the closely approximated points of the long transverse 
bands stretching inwards from the antennals. 


A. Anterior pair of spines thin oe ee ee) Cee )~ Cee )~=0 Mackayia heteracanthus. 
Aj, outers basic “25 85 Bo do on oa ch 60 ad oo oo Jae 


B. Lateral bands with distinct median projecting incrassation on segments 6 and 7 
only; on 4 and 5 the bands are merely swollen on the inner median aspect 
Giebelia mirabilis. 


B.B. Lateral bands on segments 2-7 with projections on the inner middle 
OCA Gon ioe esoe eer TCL Soom OG doh too bcos sco oo. 6 oo Gp 


C. Larger species (1°97) all over especially in the breadth of the prothorax and 
abdomen. The central marginal pair of bristles on tergites 6-8 forming two 


divergent lines . . each bristle or hair being nearer to the marginal bristle 


before and below the stigma than to its neighbour .. .. .. Giebelia hexakon. 


Smaller species (1°81). The central marginal pair of bristles on tergites 6-8 in 


parallel rows . . each bristle nearer its neighbour? than to the stigmatic bristle 
Mackayia dimorpha. 


There are other very slight and possibly inconstant differences 
between dimorpha and hexrakon 2 93, e.g. in the 1st antennal joint 
(longer in hexakon). Again the entrant heads of the abdominal 
lateral bands are more angled on their outer aspect indimorpha. In 
hexakon they are almost round. 

The most remarkable differences are probably in the dimensions 
of the head. 

These ? ? are, however, somewhat difficult to separate. It does 
not seem advisable to enumerate minute comparative differences as 
their significance can be estimated only when more species are 
known. We venture to think that many species of Giebelia and 
Mackayva will yet be found on Tubinarial hosts. 

Special reference has been made in the above tables to six spines 
or pegs on the head. As these are probably important throughout 
the group, their arrangement in the four species now dealt with may 
be graphically put thus :— 


oO oO 
fe) o Giebelia hexakon 3 . 

fe) oO 

oO a) 


Giebelia mirabilis $ . 
Mackayia dimorpha ¢. 


298 Annals of the South African Museum. 


0 oO Giebelia mirabilis ? . 
6 o Giebelia hexakon ¢ . 
Mackayia dimorpha @ . 


Mackayia heteracanthus 3 . 


) O Mackayia heteracanthus ? . 

In the above o = peg-like spine, 6 = do. on special branch of 
antennal band, and . = short spine. 

The marginal bands have been used in discriminating between the 
?@. If the specimen of this sex of G. mirabilis supplied by 
Kellogg is thoroughly typical it may be set aside at once by the 
simplicity of the bands on segments 2 and 3. The 2? @? of the 
4 spp. do not quite agree in these bands, and some of these are 
figured for comparison. 

The g eye of the 4 species shows minute modifications which 
we think of some importance. In hexakon (which is probably the 
most primitive of all) and muwrabilis the eye is exceedingly prominent, 
and at it the temple bends rectangularly. In dimorpha the eye is 
still prominent and large, but the angleis blunter. In heteracanthus 
the whole temple from the base of the occipital band to the inser- 
tion of the first antennal joint is evenly rounded, and the eye has 
become elongate and comparatively inconspicuous. In hexakon, as 
noted in the description, there is a curious short process from the 
under side of the eye. We imagine this feature is less pronounced 
in mirabilis. We cannot certainly say it is present in dimorpha, and 
it seems to be wholly absent in heteracanthus. 

The gradual disappearance of this projection and the diminution 
in the prominence of the eye are, we believe, to be correlated as 
compensatory for the rise of the heterocerous condition. The ¢ 
antennae are, we believe, accessory organs of copulation. In the 
more primitive forms the female is held somehow between the 
warped back antennae and the angle of the eye. Later the grasp is 
made securer by the development of an appendage to the 3rd joint. 
Finally a completely fast lock is established by (1) the processes from 
joints 1 and 3, and (2) joints land 2. There is only one weak spot in 
this lock, viz. where the appendages touch one another, but if the 
whole antennae is pressed back, as it doubtless is, against the head, 
there can be no possibility of escape. 

The significant point in the development of these insects is 
apparently when an appendage is produced on the 3rd antennal 


Some Hctoparasites in the South African Museum. 299 


joint. The rise of another appendage on the Ist joint has not 
the same value, as the latter modification is dependent on the 
presence of a modified 3rd joint. It is the whole 3rd joint which 
is altered, and only a small portion of the 1st which is produced. 
The 2nd appendage therefore seems to be only an elaboration 
of the original departure, and forms whether with one or with 
two appendages should be grouped together. 

It is extremely interesting, though it is no more than the peculiar 
life conditions of the Mallophaga would lead one to expect, to find 
apparently primitive and much more advanced forms existing side 
by side. The 9 9 are all primitive in facies. No good generic 
character separates them so far as we know. The same condition is 
found inthe ? 2? of Lipewrus spp. and Nirmwus spp., of Goniocotes spp. 
and Goniodes spp. It is further to be noted that not quite mature 
? 2 of this group may be confused with Docophorus, as the clypeal 
modification is evidently late in development. The single specimen 
attributed to Docophorus mentioned by us in The Scottish 
Naturalist, Nov., 1912, p. 251, now seems to us to be only an 
immature 9? of Mackayia dimorpha. By a clerical slip the 
example was referred to as a ¢. 

There are evidently two lines of development in this order. 
I. Looking at such groups as the Docophori latitemporalis, the 
Gontodes of pigeons, the Lapeurt of herons, bitterns, and storks, 
or the Nirmi ‘ nigropicti,’ one concludes that such groups 
have arisen by the modification of one ancestral type in 
each case. The archetype has split up into many new species, 
disappearing itself in the process. II. But in other cases develop- 
ment appears to have been intensive not extensive. Lipewrus 
mutabilrs is in almost every detail, except colour and size, identical 
with L. grandis, but the latter bears highly modified antennze with 
a large appendage on the Ist joint. Gvebelia stands in a similar 
relation to Mackayia. 


Famiry HURYMETOPIDAEH. 


Gen. HURYMETOPUS, Taschenberg. 
Hurymetopus, Taschenberg, Die Malloph. p. 183 (1882). 
In his Studien tiber Mallophagen, etc. (1910), Mjoberg very pro- 


perly, it seems to us, erects this Family for the reception of Hury- 
metopus taurus and its allies. Ultimately, we believe, many species 


300 Annals of the South African Museum. 


will be included in this group, which is imperfectly understood. In 
general build Hurymetopus recalls now Docophorus, now Lipeurus, 
and again Giebelia. But the anchor-shaped genital apparatus of the 
male is unique, so far as we know, in theorder. The specific charac- 
ters of the group are apparently to be found (a) in the dimensions, 
(>) in the chaetotaxy of special regions, (c) in the 9th segment 3, 
(d) in the genital apparatus of the g. This apparatus consists 
essentially of two main pieces: (1) the usual basal plate, (2) a solid 
portion which is near the junction with the basal plate broad, there- 
after contracting into a neck and expending terminally into an 
anchor or arrow-shaped head. Through the middle of this free 
solid piece from base to tip or near it runs the seminal channel. 
Under a moderate power the surface of this arrow-like head and 
part of the expanded base appear to be striated or set with minute 
papille. Under an oil immersion these streaks resolve themselves 
into minute sensory channels circular in bore and slightly wider near 
the surface where each is connected with a minute bristle. The 
function of these sensory hairs is probably directive. 

The whole apparatus is heavily chitinized. On the ventral surface 
there is placed basally a re-curved almost solid chitinous appendage. 
The homology of this apparatus is perplexing. Mjéberg (p. 248) 
regards the inferior appendage as the true penis, and takes the solid 
part lying in the genital chamber to be the fused paramera. 
He rejects Snodgrass’s view (New Mallophaga, iil. p. 188, pl. xiv. 
fig. 5, pl. xv. fig. 1, 1899) that the terminal portion of the apparatus 
is the true ‘‘penis.” As regards the first contention, the inferior 
appendage may be homologically the penis though we know no 
evidence for this, but it is practically solid and exhibits no aperture 
that we can discover. The functional penis, as Snodgrass has already 
shown, is the free portion of the apparatus with its anchor-shaped 
head, whose lumen is directly continuous with the ductus ejacula- 
torius. We do not think that any portion of this entrant body 
should be homologized with the normal Philopterid paramera. It is 
equivalent, apparently, with what we have called the mesosome. True 
paramera are apparently absent, though traces of them remain in a 
notch on each side of the mesosome near the base. These notches 
we interpret as indications of the former articulation of the paramera 
there, and they have persisted when the paramera themselves become 
obsolete, because they facilitated the upturning of the apparatus 
in the preliminary stages of copulation. The function of the para- 
mera seems to be to find and elevate the lip-like ? valvule. This 
work is now probably performed by the greatly strengthened meso- 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Musewm. 301 


some. In some cases, we believe, the normal flat paramera after 
levering up the valvule establish a hold below that sclerite. The 
arrow-shaped head very likely acts similarly as an anchor also 
for a time, as just below each flange or fluke there is a directive 
bristle on a sensory area, much stronger than those already 
referred to, 

In this 3 apparatus the most useful characters are the shape of 
the basal plate and the relative proportions as well as the shape of 
base, neck, and head of the free portion. 

We have seen at least three distinct species of Huwrymetopus. 
The great bulk of Dr. Péringuey’s material seemed referable to the 
form figured and described by Piaget as tawrus (Les Pédiculines, 
p. 332, pl. xxxi. fig. 3, 1880). In New Mallophaga, i. p. 135, pl. xi. 
figs. 3-6 (1896) Kellogg recorded and excellently figured a species 
of Hurymetopus slightly smaller than true tawrus with which, how- 
ever, he at the time identified his captures from various Californian 
Tubinares. Through the kindness of Mr. Wm. Evans, Edinburgh, 
we have recently had an opportunity of examining an apparent ¢ of 
the Californian species, taken in the Pacific by the Challenger 
Expedition in the 70’s of last century. And still more recently 
Professor Kellogg writes he is now of our opinion, having had both 
species from the Pacific and the Antarctic. The form he has 
already figured will thus soon receive a name from one best entitled 
to bestow it. 

In Dr. Péringuey’s gatherings there is a still smaller and more 
primitive species of the genus for which the name Hurymetopus 
simplex is here proposed. In almost every respect it appears to be 
a phylogenetic understudy of Kellogg’s unnamed species. The 
antennae % are simple in so far as they show no expansion terminally 
on the 3rd joint. But they have the extremely long 2nd joint so 
characteristic of the genus. The antennae, moreover, differ sexually. 
The presence of an appendage on the 3rd joint in Hurymetopus is, we 
may remark, more apparent than real. The joint as a whole is not 
much modified, but is merely a little wider terminally. But the 
distal edge being slanted, not transverse, and the 4th joint minute 
and placed back from the end of the 3rd joint somewhat, produce the 
impression of a considerable modification. The difference between 
the antennae of simplex and those of taurus is only comparative. 
These curious ¢ antennae, Lipeuroid in facies, are carried curved 
forward, and how they are applied is not plain. 

We believe that in addition to the 3 species now noticed Mjéberg’s 
diagram (Fig. 141) represents a valid 4th. 


Annals of the South African Museum. 


302 


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Some HEctoparasites in the South African Musewm. 303 


Though they can serve only a transient purpose, the following 
notes on the g 3 of these four forms are offered. The 2 2 can 
best be separated by their size (see p. 302 ). 


Description of HK. SIMPLEX, spec. nov. 


3. Head. Clypeus slightly rounded in front but with distinet 
lateral angles. Signature reaching the edge of clypeus, its surface 
anteriorly with parallel furrows. Anteriorly the 
sides of the shield-shaped signature are concave. 
The apex of signature posteriorly considerably 
produced. Below at edge exactly of signature one 
hair on each side. Two hairs at anterior angle 
of clypeus, one at end of band, and the other 
midway thence to edge of signature, one hair 
below near end of clypeal band. One hair at 
edge midway to suture. Nosuturalhair. Suture 
slanted forward to lateral angle of signature, its 
posterior margin very clearly defined by inner 
branch of antennal band. This branch sharply 
bent back at level of lateral angle of the signa- 
ture. One post-antennal hair from below and the 
usual dorsal hair at angle of trabecula with head. 
One short spine between basal trabecular hair 
and the point of the signature. 

Trabecula long, not reaching quite to the end 
of the 1st antennal joint. Above the insertion 
of the Ist joint 1 moderate bristle. First 
antennal joint moderately long. Short dorsal spine near base and 
2 strong dorsal hairs placed distally in the middle line. One 
very strong antero-ventral distal hair, which sometimes appears to 
come from the apex of the trabecula. Second joint extremely long, 
1 short dorsal hair near base. Joint medianly constricted some- 
what and then distally expanded. Third joint short—1 dorsal 
hair. Fourth joint very short, not inset into the 3rd, but rising 
freely from its distal surface. Fifth joint long with 6-7 terminal 
bristles. Ocular band distinct. Eye moderate, prominent rounded, 


Fic. 2.—E. SIMPLEX. 


with spine. 

Below the eye 1 spine, posterior angle of temple with 2 short 
spines. Between these and the eye 15 hairs in 2 rows—7 strong 
at the edge and 7-8 weaker on the dorsal surface of the head at a 
short distance from edge and parallel with it. 

Occiput markedly re-entrant and medianly swollen. Occipital 

24 


304 Annals of the South African Museum. 


margin slightly incrassated. Bands stretching forward indefinitely 
to ocular bands. Near and between the occipital bands at the level 
of the hypopharynx, 2 stronger hairs and 2 minute hairs on each 
side. One short hair base of occipital band. One short hair 
between ocular spot and posterior incurved end of antennal band. 

Thorax. Prothorax. One or two locking bristles below occiput. 
Two hairs at postero-lateral angle. 

Metathorax. Expanded at the sides posteriorly. 
Posterior margin straight till near postero-lateral 
angle where it curves back making a hooked corner, 
across which is a row of 7 long hairs (4 before 
and 3 behind the angle), one spine (short) anteriorly 
in front of the row of long hairs. 

On the metasternum are two long straight 
chitinous incrassations. 

Metathorax pointed over abdomen. 

Abdomen.—Band in two spots on segment 1, 
on others entire. Chaetotaxy as follows (Tergites 
only detailed) :— 


Ho 
Lateral angle ......... i oe 
Post-median ......... Goa 
Lateral angle ......... 82 


bo WA DO w 
bo @ Low 
bD Or bo x 
DDN 
PbRA 


The 8th segment not definitely separated from 
9th by sutures. Highth tergite with 4 hairs at 
postero-lateral angle. The 9th tergite triangular 
with the apex distinctly bilobed. On each lateral 
edge 6 hairs. 

Ninth sternite underlapping greatly—its posterior edge slightly 
concave merely—almost straight. On the under surface bearing 
numerous long hairs, of which about 18 appear at or beyond the 
edge on each side. 

The arrow-shaped ‘“penis’’ has a _ short, thick neck and a 
triangular head not evenly rounded apically. 

In the @ the Ist, 2nd, and 3rd joints of the antennae are 
considerably shorter than in the ¢$. 

The bands of the hind region of the head differ also. In the g 
the occipital bands run indefinitely from the occipital spot towards 
the eye. In the 9 a narrow band commences at each of the 
posterior temporal angles. It runs slightly inwards but at the level 
of the occipital spot is still almost at the edge. A little farther in 
the two narrow bands form an extremely broad connection, from the 


Fic. 3.—E. TAURUS. 


Some Hetoparasites in the South African Museum. 305 


anterior angles of which issue two well-marked bands which sweep 
forward, coming to the edge of the head at the base of the Ist 


antennal joint and thence continuing merged with the antennals 
to the suture. 


Measurements of EK. SIMPLEX. 


g | 3 

Length. Breadth. Length. Breadth. 

THCAGy as si aathame ves 828 ‘914 942 1-028 
IETODHOLAX wicsacocecss "285 ‘O71 357 685 
Metathorax ......... aH idl "742 435 eH 
/\| 676 (0) 00>) 6 eRe ee 1:342 1:685 = 
Segment 4 ......... — 1-028 a 1-400 
Total ... 2°828 —" 3°42 = 

1A ee 140 ‘086 "100 083 

ee oe: 196 046 133 043 
Antennae; ......... 093 053 066 ‘050 
(4 boniaisenn 056 040 050 043 

Danek 066 026 063 033 


3 adult and 1 nearly adult ¢ ¢, 5 2? 2, 11(?)imm. Diomedea 
melanophrys (Mollymawk). 


3S. Majaqueus aequinoctialis (Cape Hen). 1901. Bonomi, coll. 


KURYMETOPUS TAURUS, N. 


Eurymetopus taurus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturiv. 
vol. xxviii. p. 385 (1866). 
Diomedea sp.? Tristan d’Acunha, 1904. P. Bonomi, coll. 
The following from Diomedea exulans :— 
(a) 2 838, 2, 5 imm. Inaccessible Island (Tristan 
d’Acunha), 1904. P. Bonomi, coll. 
(0) Oo go 2) 922.0) imi 
(G) 3) 2 95, Oe rm: 
(A\ 5k; 22 SO imam 
(b-d were sent from separate hosts 1912-1913.) 
4 339, @?,6imm. Thalassogeron chlororrhynchus (Yellow-billed 
Albatross). Inaecessible Island, 1904. 
g,andimm. Majaqueus aequinoctialis (Cape Hen). 1901. Bonomi, 
coll. 


306 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Famity LIPEURIDAE. 


Gen. LIPEURUS, Nitzsch. 
LIipeurus, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 292 (1818). 


LIPEURUS ACUTIFRONS, Rudow (1870). (Pl. XXV., fig. 1.) 

DL. acutifrons, Rudow, Zeitsch. f. d. ges. nat. xxxvi. p. 138 (1870). 
3, 2. Phalacrocorax capensis (Trek Duiker). Table Bay, 1913. 
3,4 299,4imm. Phalacrocorax capensis. 

This is the true host. 
288;2 29. Sula capensis. 
g and 2. Larus hartlaubt. 
28. ‘ Probably ex porcupine.” 


All the above, we believe, came from the cormorant. It is note- 
worthy that the parasites of Sula capensis and Phalacrocorax 
capensis (L. pullatus, M. pustulosum L. acutifrons, M. brevipalpe) 
have been completely mixed (see records). This probably took 
place in collecting the hosts. A similar explanation will apply to 
the Larus hartlawbi record. As for the occurrence of L. acutifrons 
on the porcupine, contact in the laboratory may account for it, 
or more likely two lots were inadvertently put into one tube. We 
do not think any real ‘‘ straggling ”’ is to be inferred. 

We go back to Rudow’s name for the distinct species of Lipewrus 
infesting Phalacrocorax capensis. Perhaps this decision requires 
justification, as many workers will probably be of opinion that 
not a few (some will say most) of Rudow’s names are too vaguely 
defined for recognition. Personally we are quite opposed to dealing 
with an author’s descriptions en bloc or according to any one 
principle. A description deemed sufficient at one stage of the study 
of a group may be quite inadequate later. To reject a name because 
of its ‘insufficiency’? would destroy much of the historical con- 
tinuity of the study of the Mallophaga besides producing periodical 
outcrops of new names. No one, of course, would plead that the 
same leniency should be shown to Rudow as is extended to 
founders like Nitzsch and Denny, whose work was accomplished 
with instruments inferior to those that every student now com- 
mands. Granted that Rudow’s text is often unrecognizable per se, 
there may yet be no reasonable doubt as to the insect to which his 
names refer. Not to go beyond the genus Lipewrus—any one who 
has examined series of the ruddy ‘‘jejwnus”’ type found on Soma- 
teria mollissima will not hesitate to use for this form “ rubromaculatus, 
Rudow.” On the other hand, in the case of a name like L. nigricans, 


Some Hctoparasites in the South African Museum. 307 


(Procellaria mollis), where the host may be expected to harbour 
regularly more than one Lipewrus form, it would be rash to quote 
Rudow’s authority. The final appeal must doubtless be to the type, 
but one is supposing for the nonce that this is impracticable. We 
briefly state our reasons for retaining “ acutifrons.”’ 

1. There appears to be great variety in the series of Lipewrus 
infesting cormorants, duikers, ete. It seems reasonable to expect 
that each host species has a fairly constant parasite in attendance. 
‘“Straggling ’’ may of course occur, but we have examined several 
cormorants (P. carbo) and an immense number of shags (P. 
graculus) without finding their Lipewrus species mixed. 

2. This material is from the same host as “ acwtifrons.” 

3. The clypeus of these 2 examples is angled more sharply than 

in other species we have seen. This may well have suggested the 
name. 
4. Unless we use “acutifrons”’ the synonymy of the group will 
be further burdened. Dr. Péringuey’s gatherings correspond very 
closely to the species Piaget figures as gyricornis, Denny. At 
first we were inclined to quote them as “ gyricornis, var.,” but on 
going into the matter we are far from being satisfied that Piaget was 
right in identifying his material from Sula australis (Muséum de 
Leide) with Denny’s species. Piaget remarks (Les Pédiculines, 
pp. 338-339) : “ Denny a rencontré un male sur une Sterna hirundo ; 
malgré ce qu'il y a d’incomplet dans sa description, je n’hésite pas a 
adopter le nom qu il a choisi pour l’espéce qui vient d’étre carac- 
térisée.”” The grounds for this confidence seem slender indeed. 
Nor is it certain that Sula australis is the genuine host of the insect 
Piaget had under consideration. His figure indicates a true 
Phalacrocorax parasite. If Piaget, then, had not the real “ gyricormis, 
D,” before him, and if ‘‘ acutifrons”’ is rejected, we should have 
possibly two unnamed species to deal with. Are we to erect two 
new names because of this uncertainty? It seems better to adopt 
Rudow’s designation for the Lipeurus of Phalacrocorax capensis, and 
to leave unsettled the identity of Piaget’s insect, which may be a var. 
of acutifrons or a good species. 


LIPEURUS AFER, Kellogg (1908). 
L. afer, Kellogg, Results Sjéstedts Kilimandjaro-meru Expedition 
15:4. Mallophaga, p. 47, pl. vii. fig. 5, Upsala (1908). 
633,272 2,71imm. Phalacrocoraz africanus. Table Bay, 1913. 
In 1880 Piaget (Les Pédiculines, p. 337) arbitrarily set aside 
Denny’s name brevicornis, given (Monogr. Anopl. Brit. p. 181, 


308 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


pl. xi. fig. 8, 1842) to the Lipewrus of the shag [Phalacrocorax 
graculus (cristatus)] and applied the same designation to specimens 
of this genus taken “ Sur un Carbo sulcirostris de Célébes (Muséum 
de Leide). Sur un C. africanus de Dembea (ibid.) la femelle n’avait 
de taches transverses ni sur le dos, ni sur le ventre.’”’ The absence 
of the transverse markings on the tergites indicates immaturity 
merely, and is of no systematic value. Apart from using a pre- 
occupied name, we think it almost certain that Piaget had before 
him two different species when he drew up his account of brevicornis. 
We know at any rate now that C. africanus has a Lipeurus of its own 
which is distinct from the species Piaget has described. It is 
possible that Piaget’s ¢ from C. africanus was a straggler on that 
host (and this is not improbable, since the example occurred on 
a Museum skin), but bearing in mind the general resemblance to one 
another of the ? ? of this group of Lipeurus it is simpler to suppose 
that Piaget judged two forms to be one. This would be all the 
easier since the example in question wasimmature. In dealing with 
Lipeurus from Phalacrocorax (Carbo) it is inadvisable, in our opinion, 
to assimilate forms from separate host species unless one has been 
able to examine critically the ¢ in both instances. 

In 1908 Kellogg, quite justifiably, therefore erected the species 
afer for the Lipeurus of P. africanus, Natron Lakes, Kilimandjaro- 
meru (Sjéstedt leg.). In introducing this new form Kellogg, who 
assuredly had not overlooked Piaget's brevicornis, remarks: “‘ The new 
species is quite distinct from any form heretofore recorded, especially 
wm the characters of the male.’ (The italics are ours.) 

Before becoming convinced of the great diversity of species in the 
series of Lipewrus found on Phalacrocorax, another possibility had 
occurred to us, viz., that: Piaget might unconsciously have used 
brevicornis in Denny’s sense. Though this is not the case, it is 
curious that true brevicornis, D., should come so close as it does to 
afer, Kellogg. The two are, however, abundantly distinct. The 
genitalia of afer are extremely delicate, indeed without dissection 
their presence is hard to demonstrate. 

It should be added that Bagnall and Hall (Journ. Econ. Brol. vii, 
No. 1, p. 9, Feb., 1912), on the ground that brevicornis is pre- 
occupied, propose to substitute confusus for Piaget’s name. This 
name too, we think, should be rejected, as it is still held to apply to 
a Lipeurus from C, sulcirostris and C. africanus. 

We have then (a) L. brevicornis, D., from P.graculus, (b) L. afer, 
Kellogg, from P. africanus, and (c) a third species unnamed from 


oD? 
P. sulcirostris. It would be easy to propose a new name for the last 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 309 


but this is inadvisable without a nearer acquaintance with the insect 
in question. It is doubtful, moreover, whether P. sulcirostris is the 
true host since Piaget had already (Les Pédiculines, p. 335, pl. xxvii. 
fig. 4, 1880) described a ZL. setosws from the same cormorant. The 
hosts were in both cases Museum skins. One is left really only 
Piaget’s description and figures. The whole matter of rebaptism had 
better be dealt with by some one who has access to Piaget’s types, 
and who at the same time possesses fresh material from the original 
host. 


LipeuRus BAcuLuS, N. (1818). 


Inpeurus baculus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 215, pl. xvi. 
figs. 8, 9, pl. xx. fig. 3 (1874). 

2imm. 29. Vinago delalandi. Port St. Johns, Cape Col., 
Nov., 1901. Shortridge. 

363,24 2 2%,6imm. From unknown host. 1912. 


A cosmopolitan parasite of pigeons. The immature stage is, we 
think, the Nirmus claviformis described by Denny, Monogr. Anopl. 
Brit. p. 131, pl. ix. f. 7 (1842). 


LIPEURUS CONFIDENS, Kellogg (1899). 


Lipeurus confidens, Kellogg, New Mallophaga, pt. ii. p. 26, pl. 111. 
fig. 1 (1899): 
2. Diomedea exulans (Wandering Albatross). 
9. Diomedea melanophrys (Black-browed Albatross). 
@. Thalassogeron chlororrhynchus (Yellow-billed Albatross). In- 
accessible Is. 1904. 

These agree with Kellogg’s description save that they are some- 
what smaller. They are probably not quite mature. We have 
noticed in several species of Albatross Lipewrt that the nearly 
adult ¢@ @ show a sharp demarcation between the 7th and the 
8th and 9th segments. The last two are small, but they broaden and 
lengthen simultaneously with the appearance of fully formed ova. 


LIPEURUS TRICOLOR, Piaget (1880). 
Lipeurus tricolor, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 363, pl. xxx. fig. 4 
(1880). 
533,222,5imm. Phoebetria fulginosa. 
Doubtfully distinct from the preceding. Piaget’s description 
attributes a naked metathorax to this insect—an unlikely condition 
in any species of Lipeurus. Piaget’s figure also shows broad 


310 Annals of the South African Museum. 


median blotches on the abdomen. It is by these characters mainly 
that Kellogg separates his confidens from tricolor. In confidens, 
while there are no blotches on the abdominal tergites, such marks 
appear on the sternites. These may not show on normally pre- 
served opaque examples but when specimens have been macerated 
or dried the marks on the under side of the abdomen shine through. 
The above material from Sooty Albatross is in a bad state of 
preservation and agrees exactly with Piaget’s illustration of tricolor, 
but a little care in focusing shows that the blotches seen are on the 
sternites. 

Piaget’s types taken from Museum skins were probably in a 
similar state and a little rough handling would account for the 
occiput being ‘‘nu.’’ On the chief remaining difference between 
tricolor and confidens—length—one cannot venture much. We 
have not sufficiently good material of the species before us on 
which to base an opinion. 


Lipeurus piversus, Kellogg (1896). 


Inpeurus diversus, Kellogg, New Mallophaga, i. p. 123, pl. vin. 
figs. 3, 4 (1896). 
2338,492,imm. Oceanites oceanicus (Wilson’s Storm Petrel). 
26:111:04. P. Bonomi leg. 
2. Majaqueus aequinoctialis (Cape Hen). 1901. Bonomi, coll. 
At first we had referred these examples to L. angusticeps, Piaget 
(Les Pédiculines, p. 306, pl. xxv. fig. 4, 1880), but on reconsidering 
them, we find that from their dimensions they agree better with 
DL. diversus, Kellogg. How the two forms are related it is hard 
to say. As Kellogg points out, there are conspicuous differences 
in the measurements, but we should not care to lay great stress 
on the additional features adduced. Kellogg states that in a g 
diversus the posterior border of the signature is angularly concave 
not straight as in angusticeps. One of the above 3 g shows this 
outline, in the other the line is nearly convex. In diversus there 
are two short temporal hairs which appear also in the 8.A. Museum 
specimens, but in some cases one or other is broken off. Piaget 
describes angusticeps as having one temporal hair, but the example 
he described may not have been perfect. In diversus the inturned 
antennal bands are continuous with the bands bordering the oral 
fossa. Now it is true that Piaget says of angusticeps, ‘‘ Les 
antennals trés prononcées s’arrétant au clypeus,” but he adds 
immediately, ‘‘ Les deux bandes internes ne a’arretent pas a la 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 311 


hauteur de la fossette;’’ and if one looks at fig. 4. pl. xxv., it is 
apparent that the antennals and the bands bordering the fossa 
are continuous save for one clear spot. We are of opinion that 
a closer examination of Piaget’s types will show that the band 
is only apparently interrupted, what happens really in these petrel 
LIipeurt is that the band may be quite uncoloured in this region. 
The intensity of the coloration is probably a matter of age. 

As regards the chaetotaxy of the postero-lateral angles of the 
metathorax diversus has 5 pustulated hairs. If angusticeps has in 
fact only 2 in that position it must be a very anomalous form. It 
must be borne in mind that Piaget’s types were from Museum 
skins, which would not conduce to the preservation intact of many 
hairs, weaker spines, etc. For the same reason also the correct 
outline of the segments may have been lost. 


LiegeuRus DENSuS, Kellogg (1896). 
Inpeurus densus, Kellogg, New Mallophaga, pt. i. p. 114, pl. vi. 
figs. 1-2 (1896). 
From Diomedea exulans— 
(a) 3 imm. examples. 
(b) imm. and 4 other indeterminable imm. specimens. 
In both cases occurring with L. feror, Giebel, of which, at first, 
we took this form to be the immature stage. Kellogeg’s 2 type was 
not full grown, but later he described the adult ¢. 


LIPEURUS FEROX, Giebel (1874). 
Lipeurus ferox, Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 235 (1874). 
From Diomedea exulans (Wandering Albatross)— 
(a) g. Bonomi (?), received 1912, g¢ and 9? received 1912. 
(6) g. Tristan d’Acunha, 1904. P. Bonomi, coll. 
(c) 5 9 2. Spring, 1913. 


LIPEURUS FULIGINOSUS, Taschenberg (1882). 

Lipeurus fuliginosus, Taschenberg, Dic. Mallophaga, in Nova Acta 
Leop-Carol. Deutsche Akad. d. Naturf. vol. xliv. p. 156, 
pl. iv. fig. 3 (1882). 

. Diomedea melanophrys (Mollymawk). 

. Diomedea exulans. 

22. Oceanttes oceanicus (Wilson’s Storm Petrel). 26: iii: 04. 
P. Bonomi, coll. 

3,3 92. Majaqueus aeqinnoctialis (Cape Hen). 1901, Bonomi, 

coll. 


3 
2 
3 


312 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


LIPEURLS LONGICORNIS, Piaget (1880). 
Lipeurus longicornis, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 334, pl. xxvii. 
fig. 3 (1880). 
5$S,3 22, 40 imm. Phalacrocorax lucidus (White-breasted 
Duiker). 
LireurRvus puuuatus, N. (1818). 
Lipeurus pullatus, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz., p. 236 (1874). 
From Sula capensis (Malagash)— 

(a) 203 3 3, 292 9 2,154imm. 1912. 

(() 6 oS, 6 2 9, 231mm: Cape Town, 1912: 

(c) 11 @ gf, 24 9 9,56imm. Received 9:iv:13. 
433,722,9imm. Phalacrocorax capensis. 
433,729. Unknown bird. 

We have not overlooked Mjéberg’s clearly defined“ Pectinopygus ”’ 
(1910) which he proposes as a new genus for this species. But it is 
our present opinion that the two main characters of this division, 
viz. the peculiar 3rd joint of the antennae g and the uniquely 
“pectinated”’ genitalia g are of specific not generic value. The 
genitalia g should be used for systematic purposes with great 
caution, and only when a group of species show a well-marked 
type of apparatus. Otherwise our classification will be loaded with 
monotypic genera. 

The group embracing the Lipewri of Sula we imagine will 
ultimately prove to be a fairly compact one—whether worthy of 
generic rank or not future research must decide. We have seen 
only L. pullatus, N. (Sula bassana, S. capensis) and L. potens (Sula 
piscatriz). We do not think that a fair classification will separate 
these species, but their respective genitalia g are of entirely 
different types. Interestingly enough the ? ? genitalia of these 
species offer points of resemblance. The organization of the ? as 
a whole seems more stable and primitive. 


LIPEURUS SECRETARIUS, Giebel (1874). 
Lipeurus secretarius, Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 213 (1874). 
From Serpentarius secretarius (Secretary Bird). Two lots— 
(a) 8 88,8 29%. Much faded and shrunken. 
(6) 9 2% 6imm. Labelled “ Phoebetria fuliginosa (Sooty 
Albatross) ’”’—a clear error. 


LIPEURUS VERSICOLOR, N. (1818). 


Lipeurus versicolor, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 224, pl. xvi. 
f. 7 (1874). 
3383,4 22,2imm. Crconia alba (White Stork). 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 313 
Susp-Orp—Er AMBLYCERA. 
Famiry GYROPIDAH. 


Gen. GLIRICOLA, Mjob. 
Gliricola, Mjéberg, Arkiv. for Zoologi, Band 6, N:o. 13, p. 18 (1910). 


GuLrRicoLa GRACILIS, N. (1818). 
Gyropus gracilis, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. 
vol. xviii. p. 92, pl. ii. figs. 10, 11 (1861). 
?,10imm. Cavia cobaya (Guinea-pig). 


Gren. GYROPUS, Nitzsch. 
Gyropus, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 802 (1818). 


Gyropus ova.is, N. (1818). 


Gyropus ovalis, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges, Naturw. 
vol. xviii. p. 89, pl. ii. figs. 1-9 (1861). 
533,622,21limm. Cavia cobaya (Guinea-pig). 


Famity MENOPONIDAE. 


Gren. MENOPON, Nitzsch. 
Menopon, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 299 (1819). 


MENOPON APPENDICULATUM, Piaget (1880). 
fo) 


Menopon appendiculatum, Piaget (1880). 

Menopon appendiculatum, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, pp. 473-474, 
pl. xxxvi. fig. 8 (1880). 

286,3 29,17imm. Unknown host. 

The 3g are scarcely mature, but the genitalia are plainly dis- 
cernible, leaving one in no doubt as to the sex. In the younger 
specimen the basal plate alone is chitinized. 

We feel fairly confident in quoting Piaget’s name for these 
peculiar examples, although neither in dimensions nor in some 
details of chaetotaxy and outline do they completely agree with 
Piaget’s description. But on the other hand, there are in the 
present case discrepancies between the text and the figure of the 
French author. Piaget remarks as to the host of appendiculatwm : 
“Sur une Perdix cinerea. Ce parasite, si differente du type qui 
infeste les perdix me parait un individu égaré.”’ 


314 Annals of the South African Museum. 


It is unfortunate that the host of the above examples was not 
recorded. We have in our collection three specimens which we 
cannot separate from these South African examples, viz. :— 

1. g and ¢. ‘Ground Hornbill’’ (Bucorvus caffer ?). 
2. g. “Hagle from Japan.”’ 

These specimens are on two slides, one thirty, the other some 
fifty years old, and even if the hosts are correctly given on the labels 
the identity of the real host is still in doubt. It may be the Horn- 
bill or some other ground-frequenting species. It is possible, how- 
ever, that Dr. Péringuey’s examples were taken along with Lipeuwrus 
baculus from unknown host. 

Menopon appendiculatum seems to come closest to the peculiar 
Menopon of Parrots (Psittacus, spp.). The posterior femora (2nd 
and 3rd pairs of legs) bear a postero-ventral row of equal strong, 
rather short, and somewhat abruptly pointed spines. 


MENOPON BREVIPALPE, Piaget (1880). 
Menopon brevipalpe, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 498, pl. xl. f. 5 
(1880). 
33, 22%. Phalacrocorax capensis (Trek Duiker). Table Bay, 
1913: (a2) 439 3,30 9 & 451mm. (6)'6 fs 1.6 2 S12 mm: 
Phalacrocorax capensis. 
322. Sula capensis. 

Near the middle of each side of the 9th tergite are a number of 
strong hairs, the ‘‘ petite touffe’’ mentioned in Piaget’s description. 
Just posterior to this and at the side are 3 short strong spines in 
a row in a very reliable character for this species. 


MENOPON PHAEOSTOMUM, N. (1518). 


Menopon phaeostomum, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 292 (1874). 
3,72 2imm. Pavo cristatus (Peacock). 


MENOPON PUSTULOSUM, N. (1818). 
Menopon pustulosum, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 298 (1874). 
From Sula capensis (Malagash)— 
(a) 80'S $5 602g , 36 imam: 
(6) 13 $3,992 2,10imm. Received 9: iv: 13. 
283,32 2,2imm. Phalacrocorax capensis. 


MeEnopon RuSTICUM, Giebel (1874). 


Menopon rusticum, Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 288 (1874). 
3. Hirundo rustica. 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Musewm. 315 


Gren. ANCISTRONA, Westwood. 
Ancistrona, Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon. p. 197 (1874). 


ANCISTRONA PROCELLARIAE, Westwood (1874). 


Ancistrona procellariae, Westwood, Thes, Ent. Oxon. p. 197 (1874). 
Adult 9? andimm. ?. Oceanites oceanicus (Wilson’s Storm Petrel). 
26:11:04. P. Bonomi leg. 

Two species of Ancistrona have been described. We have several 
examples of A. gigas, P. (Fulmarus glacialis) in our collection, and 
have seen the types of A. procellariae (British Museum collection), 
but the latter were at the time unmounted. We think Dr, Péringuey’s 
two specimens agree best with procellariae. But it is not certain 
that there are two really distinct species. 


Gen. COLPOCEPHALUM, Nitzsch. 


Colpocephalum, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 298 
(1818). 
CoLPOCEPHALUM CUCULARE, G. (1874). 
Colpocephalum cuculare, Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 264 (1874). 
From Serpentarius secretarius — 
(a4) 22 Q. 
(b) 305 3 gf, 453 @ ¢, 328 imm. 

This, Piaget thinks, is only a variety of C. candatum, G. We 
have had no opportunity of comparing the genitalia of the two 
forms. 

CoLPOCEPHALUM PINGUE, Kellogg (1896). 

Colpocephalum pingue, Kellogg, New Mallophaga, i. pp. 144-5, pl. xii. 

fig. 5 (1896). 
3292,2imm. Diomedea exulans (Albatross). 

CoLPOCEPHALUM SUBPACHYGASTER, Piaget (1880). 

Colpocephalum subpachygaster, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 517, 

pl. xlii. fig. 2 (1880). 
3,222,imm. Bubo capensis. 


26imm. Hutolmaétus spilogaster (Hawk Eagle). 
mood, 19 9 2, 254mm. “Buteoyalal. Dine vs: 


CoLPOCEPHALUM UMBRINUM, Piaget (1880). 


Colpocephalum wnbrinum, Piaget, Les Pédiculines, p. 556, pl. xlvi. 
fig. 6 (1880). 
2. Tringa subarquata. 


In the abdominal chaetotaxy this species shows sexual dimorphism 


316 Annals of the South African Museum. 


(cf. C. grandiceps, Piaget, and C. bicolor, Piaget). In the ¢ there 1s 
one posterior row of long pustulated hairs on the tergites. Anterior 
to this row are numerous short pustulated hairs (the pustules 
being very small) clothing the surface of the tergite. In the 9 
each tergite bears two transverse rows of strong pustulated hairs 
without any smaller ones. Hence if one is dealing with a ? error 
is liable to arise at No. 29 of Piaget’s dichotomic table, p. 513, Les 
Pédiculines. 
COLPOCEPHALUM ZEBRA, N. 
Colpocephalum zebra, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 271, pl. xin. 
fig. 6 (1874). 
438, 2. Ciconia alba (White Stork). 


Famity LAEMOBOTHRIIDAE. 


Gen. LAEMOBOTHRIUM, Nitzsch. 

Laemobothrium, Nitzsch, in Germar’s Mag. f. Insekt. vol. 3, p. 301 
(1818). 

LAEMOBOTHRIUM LATICOLLE, N. (1818). 
Laemebothrium laticolle, Nitzsch, in Giebel, Ins. Epiz. p. 252 (1874). 
43 4,imm. Falco subbuteo (Hobby). 

In the foregoing pages Nitzsch’s species have been dated only 
when they appear in the classical list in Germar’s Magazine, 1818. 


LIST OF HOSTS AND PARASITES. 


I. MAMMALIA. 
Homo SAPIENS. 
Echidnophaga gallinaceus, Westw. 
Ctenocephalus felis, Bouché. 
CANIS FAMILIARIS. 
E. gallinaceus, Westw. 
Linognathus piliferus, Burm. 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum. 317 


PROTELES CRISTATUS. 
Pulex wrritans, L. 
OTOMYS BRANTSI LUTEOLUS. 
(‘‘ FIELD-MOUSE. ’) 
P. writans, L. 
Polyplax otonydis, Cummings. 
‘«« PORCUPINE.” 
Dinopsylius ingens, Rothsch. 
ORYCTEROPUS CAPENSIS. 
Echidnophaga larina, Rothsch. 
Hybophthirius notophallus, Neum. 
CAVIA COBAYA. 
EL. gallinaceus, Westw. 
Gliricola gracilis, N. 
Gyropus ovalis, N. 
ANTILOPE EUCHORE. 
Linognathus tibialis, P., var. nov. euchore. 
CEPHALOPHUS MONTICOLA. 
E, gallinaceus, Westw. 
Ctenocephalus canis, Curt. 
C. felis, Bouché. 


TETAV ES: 


EUTOLMAETUS PENNATUS. 

Nirmus vittatus, G. 
EXUTOLMAETUS SPILOGASTER. 

N. vittatus, G. 

Colpocephalum subpachygaster, P. 
SERPENTARIUS SECRETARIUS. 

Lipeurus secretarius, G. 

Colpocephalum cuculare, G. 
BUTEO JAKAL. 

Docophorus leucogaster, G. 

N. vittatus, G. 

C. subpachygaster, P. 
MELIERAX CANORUS. 

N. vittatus, G. 
FAaLco SUBBUTEO. 

Laemobothrium laticolle, N. 


318 Annals of the South African Museum. 


CIRCUS MACRURUS. 


STRIX FLAMMEA, 


BuBoO CAPENSIS. 


BuBoO MACULOSUS. 


CoRVUS CAPENSIS. 


SruRNUS VULGARIS. 


PASSER ARCUATUS. 


N. vittatus, G. 


E gallinaceus, Westw. 


Docophorus cursor, N.- 
D. rostratus, N. 
C. subpachygaster, P. 


D. cursor, N. 
Nirmus varius, N. 
Nirmus nebulosus, N. 


Nirmus vulgatus, Kell. and Chap. 


AMADINA ERYTHROCEPHALA. 


HIRUNDO RUSTICA. 


MEROPS APIASTER. 


UPUPA AFRICANUS. 


TURTUR CAPICOLA. 


VINAGO DELALANDI. 


‘* HOwLS. 


PAVO CRISTATUS. 


TRINGA SUBARQUATA. 


Nirmus vulgatus, Kell. and Chap. 


Docophorus excisus, N. 
Nirmus gracilis, N. 
Menopon rusticum, N. 
Docophorus bifrons, N. 
Nirmus melanophrys, N. 


Goniodes minor, P. 


Goniodes minor, P. 
Lipeurus baculus, N. 


E. gallinaceus, Westw. 


Goniodes fa'cicorms, N. 
Menopon phaeostomum, N. 


Docophorus lari, D. 

Nirmus actophilus, Kell. and Chap. 
N. zonarius, N. 

Colpocephalum umbrinum, P. 


Some Ectoparasites in the South African Museum 


AVOCETTA RECURVIROSTRA. 
Nirmus decipiens, N. 
N. pileus, N. 
N. signatus, P. 
AEGIALITIS MARGINATA. 


319 


; Docophorus cordiceps, P., var. semivittatus, G. 


Nirmus macrocephalus, sp. nov. 
AEGIALITIS PECUARIA. 

D. cordiceps senivittatus, G. 

N. macrocephalus, nov. sp. 
AEGIALITIS TRICOLLARIS. 

D. cordiceps semivittatus, G. 

N. macrocephalus, nov. sp. 
CICONIA ALBA. 

Lipewrus versicolor, N. 

Colpocephalum zebra, N. 
PROCELLARIA GIGANTEA. 

Mackayia heteracanthus, Waterst. 
OCEANITES OCEANICUS. 

M. heteracanthus, Waterst. 

Lipeurus diversus, Kell. 

Lipeurus fulginosus, Taschb. 

Ancistrona procellariae, Westw. 
MAJAQUEUS AEQUINOCTIALIS 

Giebelia hexakon, sp. nov. 

Hurymetopus simplex, sp. nov. 

E. taurus, N. 

Inipeurus diversus, Kell. 

Lipeurus fulginosus, Taschb. 


DIOMEDEA EXULANS. 
EH. taurus, N. 


LTipeurus confidens, Kell. 

Lipeurus densus, Kell. 

Lipeurus ferox, G. 

Lipeurus fuliginosus, Taschb. 

Colpocephalum pingue, Kell. 
PHOEBETRIA FULIGINOSA. 

Lipeurus tricolor, P. 
DIOMEDEA MELANOPHRYS. 

D. lari, D. 

EH. sumplex, sp. nov. 

L. confidens, Kell. 

L. fuliginosus, Taschb, 

25 


320 Annals of the South African Museum. 


THALASSOGERON CHLORORRHYNCHUS. 
E. taurus, N. 
L. confidens, Kell. 
LARUS DOMINICANUS. 
D tary, D. 
LARUS HARTLAUBI. 
D. tart, D. 
Nirmus punctatus, N., var. nov. lingulatus. 
Lipeurus acutifrons, Rud. 
STERNA BERGII. 
Docophorus melanocephalus, N. 
SULA CAPENSIS and PHALACROCORAX CAPENSIS. 
( Lipeurus pullatus, N. 
| Menopon pustulosum, N. 
| Lipeurus acutifrons, Rud. 
| Menopon brevipalpe, P. 
PHALACROCORAX AFRICANUS. 
Lipeurus afer, Kell. 
PHALACROCORAX LUCIDUS. 
Lipeurus longicornis, P. 
SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS. 
Goniocotes bifasciatus, P. 


II. UNKNOWN HOSTS. 


Nirmus varvus, N. 

Lipeurus baculus, N. 
Menopon appendiculatum, P. 
Lipeurus pullatus, N. 


THe Manse, OLLABERRY, SHETLAND, 
February, 1914, 


( 321 ) 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Text-figure 1, p. 276. Linoynathus tibialis, P., var. euchore (drawn from slide). 
5 2, p. 303. Genitalia of Lurymetopus simplex, n. sp. ¢. 
_ 3, p. 304. re te taurus. Ne, is 
(This is the ‘taurus’ of Taschenberg’s monograph but possibly not the 
‘taurus’ of Piaget’s Essai.) 


PuatE XXV. 


Fia. 
1. Genitalia of Lipeurus acutifrons, Rudow. Basal plate not entirely shown. 
D) “ Nirmus macrocephalus, n. sp. 
5 5,  hiaticulae, D. 
FF »,  Opacus, Kell. and Chap. 
Head of Nirmus macrocephalus, n. sp. 
.) »»  oOpacus, Kell and Chap. 


Antenna of Giebelia hexakon, n. sp. 

Paramer of Mackayia heteracanthus, Waterst. 
“A Giebelia mirabilis, Kell. 

Mackayia dimorpha, Waterst. 

Giebelia hexakon, n. sp. 


i 


” 


— 
FBP SSCHNS KR Et 


PuatE XXVI. 
12. Lateral band of Mackayia dimorpha, Waterst. ¢. (a,) seg. 3, (Lv) seg. 7. 


13. ne ee heteracanthus, ,, ” ” » 
14, 38 Giebelia hexakon, 5 56 D0 ” 
15. Ls . mirabilis, Kell. 


16. Genitalia of Mackayia heteracanthus, Waterst. ¢. 
a. Anterior and posterior head spines of WM. heteracanthus, Waterst. 2. 
b. Endomer (?) of MW. heteracanthus, Waterst. 2. 

17. Antenna of Giebelia mirabilis, Kell. 

18. Rs Mackayia heteracanthus, Waterst. ¢. 

19) y nF dimorpha, Waterst. ¢. 


: i - : a a Ail aes 


i - : ; bd > 
: . te ge ee eee wtiheeG 9) 
2 - : . i> ae on = ‘ 
: 2 aT WGe tel Bie ee 'y Ace 
—_ iy ‘ Pow oF i 
- Mi 4" ig , ' . 


. : spill @Uiiis aan: aye La ae sistema alias 
: 7 + - ; seam aes. re rT) 

. a 
7 ; ; or) 1 = a | (eum S rs 


Leh kee SO 


é ‘it cae oe Oe ¢ 
a, cave oe, Dipped). Wi Ma 
(R)=” Wimjl och Sonali 
7 9 URS TOTES of a a 
, + Sse ee ee 
: : : tPA ate unl ny 7 
cad é ; : 
= , 
—— | a: (AS ei 
; ) i. “Vi N VG. ae 
‘y 7 cA) mm; ni (A, a ; v 
: en 4 
: ; 7 eee wh hp oy Sy ee om wee 
* A TT py 7 Beak i Lull ORES ™ 
5 i ‘ et fay tee hig. ee 
’ 144 See Sas it | 
: ’ 4 SP oe ee (bote Si ve, 
, . \ emees 
a 
é 
, : : 
- 
a 
4 i 


Plate XXV. 


Ann. S. Afr. Mus.Vol. X. 


J.W. del. 


West,Newman photo-lith. 


' fan 

z 7 
=F 
i a 
; f 
’ 
. 
> 
' 


Plate XXVI. 


Ann.S. Afr. Mus. Vol. X. 


A 


actophilus (Nirmus) ......... 
acutifrons (Lipeurus) 
afer (Lipeurus) 

JANTRIN CHRAGI ise. oisesleeer ne seece 
Ancistrona 
IANO PI; UIRAG ee pase ascscecoet ees: 


appendiculatum (Menopon) ......... 


baculus (Lipeurus)............ 
bassanae (Docophorus) ...... 
bifasciatus (Goniocotes) ... 


bifrons (Docophorus) ............-..+66 


brevipalpe (Menopon)......... 


C 


canis (Ctenocephalus) 
Colpocephalum 
confidens (Lipeurus) ......... 
cordiceps (Docophorus) ...... 
Glenocephalusrs..s.acassscccier= 
cuculare (Colpocephalum) 

cursor (Docophorus) ......... 


D 


decipiens (Nirmus) 
densus (Lipeurus) ............ 
IDINOPSylLUs soar oeeasesesesece 
dimorpha (Mackayia) 
diversus (Lipeurus) 

DOCOPHORIDAE ....-.......20000. 
DOCOPROTUS a ccnmce cece seas 


Eichidnophaga  .........+...+ 
FE\XURYMETOPIDAE ............-++ 
Hurymetopus 


excisus (Docophorus) 


see eee 


INDEX. 
F 
PAGE 
283 | falcicornis (Goniodes) ............ 
306 | felis (Ctenocephalus) ............ 
30M |\teroxa (ipeUnus)\eescececsese tess 
313 | fuliginosus (Lipeurus) ............ 
315 
274 G 
313 : ; 
eallinaceus (Hchidnophaga) 
(CHIUANTO  sogccacncoocecopeadnoDoncobene 
GTEBELIDD AR) | eheccecee teases 
SOIEl GUiicolas ame eo eae ee 
280 | Goniocotes .........s:seesevereeseees 
ASW) 9 6 Yassaiopyany Wa) <act-grooebs eee acboeene oe 
280 gracilis (Gliricola) ..........0...0..- 
314 eracilisy(Nimmis) i esccsssecece sss 
(Emasto) anya). ogacddouasaones + coqpdooc: 
(COIKOVDUIS:  cadcooaodoso000 700000 BoqDuaREG 
274 
315 H 
309 
989 | heteracanthus (Mackayia)......... 
974 | hexakon (Giebelia).................. 
315 | Hybophthirius............2...:0se000 
281 
Hi 
ingens (Dinopsyllus) ............... 
283 | irritans (Bullex|renescsce eases street 
OU Use HNOGHBAN pues.5sc- 2oceee. conte? 
274 
297 
310 = 
280 | LAEMOBOTHRIIDAE ..........6...-000 
230 | Laemobothrium .......cc.cccceseeer- 
lari (Docophorus) .........-.....-.. 
larina (Echidnophaga) ............ 
273 | laticolle (Laemobothrium) 
299 | leucogaster (Docophorus) ......... 
299 | lingulatus (Nirmus) ............... 
DSO MUO GMOLIUST: aaemieries sce seiaolesees 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


Index. 


PAGE 

punctatus (Nirmus) .................. 285 

punctatus lingulatus (Nirmus) 285 

pustulosum (Menopon) ............... 314 
R 

_ rostratus (Docophorus) ............... 283 

rusticum (Menopon) .............+5... 314 
S 

secretarius (Lipeurus) ............... 312 

signatus (Nirmius)) .-2.5..0....00-00.-.= 288 

simplex (Kurymetopus) ......... 302, 303 

SIPHONAP TE RAG: ceases qoeeens ses eeeeen 273 

subpachygaster (Colpocephalum)... 315 
a 

| taurus (Hurymetopus) ............... 305 

tibialis (Linognathus) ............... 275 

tibialis euchore (Linognathus)...... 275 

tricolor (ipeurus))-s.0ocss0-esecacese 309 
U 

umbrinum (Colpocephalum) ...... 315 
Vv 

Weveriusi(NGnnats)\eresseadsecreseecesr 288 

versicolor (Lipeurus) ...........-...++- 312 

VANTRAOIS) ((Nbudemts)) Sesqaqunsocansoosdaec 288 

Wulgatus) ((Ninmius)) esos scsecsaseesae 289 
Z 

zebra (Colpocephalum) ............... 316 

ZONATIUS (NIFMUS)) -eccessscese  seseee 289 


324 
PAGE 
DGTPRURED ARE eeicunesscenneceeecenenaeeeee 306 
EID CUNUS gasmacOacnien=ceeeeeeoe ese er ere 306 
longicornis (Lipeurus) ... ........... 312 
M 
MIGCKAYiO a arackacecceescaerecece seen eee 292 
macrocephalus (Nirmus) ............ 284 
NUATITOP HAG AU een se cereemneceasetncere 278 
melanocephalus (Docophorus) ...... 282 
melanophrys (Nirmus) ..............+ 285 
minor (Goniodes)| cersce-csesasseseee ee 290 
mirabilis (Giebelia) ..............0+6 297 
MeN OPO 2 cacuectrescncosuacon thera 313 
ME: NOPONIDAE) -nassscecasteedesesteeceess 313 
N 
nebulosusi(Nirmus) | jes..csesesasecenes 285 
INGUTINUSY “Ae eeeies esha Gesh ech neo aeee ee 283 
notophallus (Hybophthirius) ...... 278 
O 
Ovalis(Gyropus)|si.....d8..ccseeesscee: 313 
otomydis\((Polyplasx)) <.sses.s:-seeseee 275 | 
P 
phaeostomum (Menopon) ............ 314 
piliferus (Linognathus)............... 278 
pilewsy (Nummius)ieeseeeosccsstneeerce 285 
pingue (Colpocephalum) ............ 315 
POV DIOR x cesta. sae saaoons ease eens 274 
procellariae (Ancistrona) ............ 315 
Palen ee Saco wagecaseasecnceses Sure t ons 273 
pullatus (Lipeurus) .................. 312 


( 323 ) 


15.—Notes on South African Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) with Descrip- 
tions of New or Little Known Species.—By L. Pirincury, D.Sc. 
Director, 


LARGE as the number of South African Mutillidae is, the additions 
are still on the increase. This is due to a better acquaintance with 
the fauna of the Eastern and North-Eastern Transvaal, and es- 
pecially of Southern Rhodesia. Very few indeed among the species 
from the last-named locality are represented in the Cape Colony, or 
even Natal, and those approximating them differ in the sculpture of 
the second abdominal segment especially. 

My first paper on the South African Mutillidae (Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 
i. 1898) was published somewhat hurriedly to avoid being fore- 
stalled, and these preliminary descriptions were simply to ensure 
priority with a view to the publication ultimately of a Monograph. 
The material at my command was not as complete at this time as I 
could have desired, hence some mistakes as to the identity of certain 
species. André in his ‘‘ Matériaux pour servir a la connaissance des 
Mutillides d’Afrique,” Zeitschr.f. Hym. Dipt. 1901, has criticized the 
validity of certain species, basing his ground for doing so on identifica- 
tion alleged to have been made by me. He certainly was justified 
in some cases, but not in others. In my turn I have been able to 
examine a number of species described or undoubtedly identified by 
him, and I am able to correct certain of them which fall into 
synonymy. Some of the sub-divisions proposed by André seem to 
me to merge in some cases into each other, but they enable on the 
whole a better grouping of the species. 


SYNONYMS. 


Dasylabroides phyllira, g. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, 
p. 82. 
egeria, 3. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, 
p. 83. 
= capensis, Sauss., g. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, 
' p. 8d. 
26 


324 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Dasylabroides dalila, 9. Péring., Ann. §. Afr. Mus. v. 1909, 
p. 392. 

= 1d, @. Pering, Ann. SS; Air Mus. 1, 1699) 
p. 360. 

Dasylabroides latona, 2. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 54. 

Is in all likelihood a varietal form of 

= caffra, 2. Kohl., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 1882, 
p. 480. 
Mutilla mareella, g. Andyr., Zeitschr. f. Ey) Dipts wet oOls 
p. 346. 
= daphne, 3. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1899, p. 371. 
Mutilla argenteiventris, g. Andr., Zeitschr. f. Hym. 1902, p. 25. 
= cytheris, 8. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1899, 
p. 372. 
Mutilla parva, 2. Andr., Zeitschr. f. Hym. 1902, p. 41. 
= hebe. Péring. (ariadne, olim), Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, 
Pp. 62. 
In M. parva the vertex and base of abdomen are reddish. 
Mutila callisto, 2. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 57. 

tecmessa, 9 g. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 58. 
salisburiana, 3. Andr., Zeitschr. f. Hym. 1903, p. 141. 
= pemcillata, 2. Andr., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1894, p. 676. 

I cannot see any difference between salishuriana 3 and my 
tecmessa, §. Moreover I have a typical tecmessa from the same 
neighbourhood as salisburiana. 

Mutilla manoa, . Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v. 1909, p. 404. 
= cinchreis, @. Péring., Ann. §. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 90. 
Mutilla laverna, 9. Péring., Ann. §. Afr. Mus. i. 1891, p. 442. 

= glauca, ?. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 54. 
Mutilla chirimdana, g. Andr., Zeitschr. f. Hym. 1903, p. 233. 
= psamathe, g. Péring., Ann. §. Afr. Mus. i. 1899, 
p. 306. 
Mutilla pectimdorsis, 2. Andr., Zeitschr. f. Hym. 1902, p. 30. 
= imo, 2. (Myrmulla). 
Barymutilla artemis, 9. Péring, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, 
p. 70. 
= obtusa, 2. Smith, New Spec. Hym. Brit. Mus. i. 
1879,p-0 189: 
Barymutilla matopoa, 2. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1899, 
p. 445. 
= ignasa, 2. Sm., Deser. New Spec. Hym. Brit. Mus. 
18795 p, 197, 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 325 


Myrmulla echinata, 9. Andr., Zeitschr. f. Hym. 3, 1903, p. 137. 
spimidorsis, 9. Andr., Loe. at. 3, 1903, p. 88. 
= phocia, 9. Péring., (éuterpe, olim) Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 
1, p. 358, pl. 8f. 
Myrmilla opis, 2. Péring., Ann. §. Afr. Mus. i. 1899, p. 358. 
= dumobrodia, 2. Péring.; Ann. 5, Ai Mus: 1 S995 p: 3647 pl: 
SF fig AG: 
Myrmilla perse, 9. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 72. 


= niobe, 2. Pénnes AnmwiS. Ate, Mussa 1693 oe 2. 


toy) 


In his Catalogue of the Mutillidae published in “ Witsman’s 
Genera Insectorum (fase. 18), André has incorporated in the 
different genera of the Family a number of the South African 
species, but several are still ‘incertae sedis.” The following 
species may be found however referable to the following genera. 


Gen. DASYLABROIDES, Andr. 


Mutilla athis, @. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 1. 1898, p. 84. 
= baucis, 9. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 53. 
= cassiope, 2. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 282. 
= celaeno, 2. Smith., Catal. Brit. Mus. Hym. 1858, p. 12 
= ilytta, 9. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 1. 1898, p. 55. 
= melete, 2. Péring., Ann. §. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 81. 

= maja, Ann: 5.) Ate2 Mus; 1.) 1698; ip, one 


Péring., 


Gen. STENOMUTILLA, Andr. 
Mutilla mnemosides, Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 81. 


Gen. BARYMUTILLA. 


I believe that the following 4 species should be included in this 
genus. 


Mutilla agave, 2. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 76. 
elmira, 2. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 368. 
obtusa, 2. Smith., New Spec. Hym. Brit. Mus. 1879, 

jon desis), 
parca, 2. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. 1. 1898, p. 76, pl. 8, 
fig. 31. 


326 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gen. MYRMILLA, Wesm. 


Mutilla acristone, 9. Péring., Ann: S. Afr. Mus. 1. 1898, p. 72. 
aede, &. Périme., Ann, S. Ate (Mus; 1; 1895. p: 60: 

althaea, 2. Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1898, p. 52. 

antiope, 9g. Pérmg. Ann. 8. Air) Muss 1.) 18985 p. 60: 
bambata, §. Péring., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. v. 1909, p. 400. 
bellona, 2. Péring., Ann. S. Air. Mus. i. 1898) p. 72: 
charichloé, 9. Pering., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus. 1. 1899, p. 353. 
dejanira, 9. Péring) Annis: Air) Mush a diS9o probe, 


pl. 8, fig. 23. 


érigone, 2. ‘Périne, Anne S, Ain, Mus. 15 S95. ole 
evadne, °°. \“Péring Aunt (S) Afr Mus. 1 sos ep: me 
mo, 9. Péermes Ann. 9. ir) Mus: i5 18S pea 
opis; 2. Péring:, Ann. S: Air Musi 1899) pe aos: 
pasyphae, @. Peénng:, Ann. Ss Airy Mus: 1, 1898p fe: 
perse, 2. “Péring., Anns iS. Airs Mus 1 7SoSsapanio: 
phecia, 9 Pérme:, “Ann 5) AtrsvMius ma. 1898) peto0 
a S 


promontori, Péring., Ann. 8. Air. Mus..y. 19097 ps2 399) 


Gren. DASYLABROIDES, And. 


DASYLABROIDES BECHUANA, sp. n. 


g. Apterous; black, with the thorax red, and a broad reddish 
patch on the vertex, the first, second, and third abdominal segments 
with a narrow apical border of white pubescence. Head quadrate, 
with the posterior angles biuntly rounded, eyes lateral, not emargin- 
ate, the space behind them and the posterior angle longer than the 
eyes themselves, mandibles with an inner tooth somewhat distant 
from the faleate apex, no tooth on the under side, surface irregularly 
foveate, clothed with a dense white pubescence and some rigid 
setae ; antennae somewhat robust, third joint equal in length to the 
f urth ; thorax hexagonal, neck long, pronotum with the anterior 
border slightly arcuate but with the angles distinct and slightly 
sloping laterally for a quarter of the length, the sides of the 
inetanotum are there produced in a broadly triangular tubercle 
above which are seen the rudiments of the tegulae, the metanotum 
is gradually narrowed laterally in the shape of a broadly truncate 
cone, the mesosternum is somewhat convex, but the scutellum is 
hardly distinct, and the declivity is fairly vertical, the surface is 
broadly reticulate, the reticulation of the declivity is much broader 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 327 


than that of the dorsal part, and densely greyish pubescent ; abdomen 
pedunculate, the peduncle not very narrow atthe base, nodose at 
the apex, a little longer than wide at the apex, dentate on each side 
of the base, and reticulate longitudinally, second segment also 
longitudinally reticulate, the other segments finely punctate ; 
underneath, the first segment is sharply carinate in the centre, the 
carina is slightly crenulate and reaches from the base to two-thirds 
of the length, the segments 2-4 are fimbriated with greyish white 
hairs; legs bristling with white setae, hind tibiae simple, spurs long, 
black. 

Length 11 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Morokweng, Bechuanaland), E. G. Alston. 

Allied to D. alcithoé, Pér.; the livery of the abdomen is the same 
and the shape of the first segment nearly alike, but the shape of the 
thorax is plainly hexagonal, and unlike, for this reason, any other 
male South African Mutillid known to me. 


DASYLABROIDES KATONGA, Sp. Nn. 


$. Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with the hind border of 
the first, second, and third segments covered with a narrow band of 
white pubescence. Head not broader than the prothorax, as wide as 
long on the vertex with the posterior angles very little rounded, eyes 
moderately large, non-emarginate, space between the hind part of 
the eye and the posterior angle once and a half the length of the 
eye, mandibles robust, the right one tri- the left quadri-dentate 
inwardly, the inferior tooth is in the shape of a sharp tubercle, 
surface closely and evenly punctate, clothed with partly appressed, 
partly erect greyish hairs; antennae of the normal shape, third 
joint half the size of the fourth; thorax with the neck black, the 
pronotum moderately rounded laterally at apex, the mesonotum 
moderately convex, the scutellum not very convex, slightly canalicu- 
late in the posterior half, the metanotum is divided from the meso- 
sternum by a conspicuous carinate groove, is rounded laterally and 
conspicuously reticulate, surface of the pro- and mesonotum covered 
with small, even foveae, hardly pubescent but sparingly bristling 
with white setae which are a little denser on the scutellary region ; 
tegulae fuscous; wings fuscous but partly hyaline near the base; 
abdomen briefly pedunculate petiolate and bearing underneath a 
long sharp carina, it is deeply and closely punctate above on the 
petiolate part, the punctures being of nearly the same size as those 
of the second segment, which are moderately broad, even, and 


328 Annals of the South African Museum. 


separated by a smooth interval not equal to their diameter, second 
and third segment densely fringed with greyish hairs; hind tibiae 
simple, spurs long, black. 

Length 10-11 mm.; expanse of wings 16-17 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury), G. A. K. Marshall. 

Not unlike in livery D. procne, Pér., from which it differs how- 
ever in the shape of the mandibles; the slender basal part of the 
petiolate abdominal segment is shorter, and the apical part more 
roughly nodose. 


DASYLABROIDES THABA, Sp. Nn. 


g. Black, the second abdominal segment with a fringe of dense 
long white hairs forming a band along the apical border, third seg- 
ment with a similar band; antennae flavous, tibiae pale rufescent. 
Head as broad as long on the vertex, eyes slightly emarginate, 
moderately large, set forward, genae much longer than the eyes, 
posterior angles broadly rounded, surface covered with even, closely 
set punctures and sparingly villose black and grey, mandibles 
simple, left forcipate, trifid at apex, the right bifid only, the inner 
tooth not apical; antennae long, slender, third joint much shorter 
than the fourth ; thorax with a robust neck, pronotum sloping later- 
ally a little with the outer angles distinct ; tegulae not rudimentary, 
sub-rufescent; scutellum rounded, metanotum not wider than the 
pronotum, gradually attenuate rounded laterally in the posterior 
half, surface foveolate punctate in the anterior and median part, 
sparingly villose black, and reticulate in the metanotum which is 
villose white; abdomen petiolate, stem of petiole somewhat short, 
the petiole itself broadly nodose at apex, and foveate above, the 
carinule underneath very long, entire, second segment plainly 
carinulate reticulate, but the interval of the punctures are only 
strigillate towards the apex; legs with white bristles, femora 
black, tibiae partly rufescent, spinose on the upper side, tarsi and 
spurs rufescent. 

Length 7 mm. 

Hab. Cape Town, L. C. Péringuey. 

Although the stem of the petiole is slightly shorter than in the 
other males of this genus, this species, easily recognized by the 
colour of the antennae, should, I think, be included in Dasylabroides 
rather than in Dasylabris. I have seen one example only, and 
the absence of wings may be accidental. 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 329 


Gren. DASYLABRIS, Radoz. 


DASYLABRIS MATIESA, sp. 1. 


g. Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with a silvery white 
pubescent band on the hind border of the first segment, an ovate 
elongate patch in the median basal part of the second which has in 
addition a narrow, apical band triangularly dilated in the centre ; 
third segment covered by a broad white band. Head much rounded 
behind, eyes somewhat large, genae short, much rounded, surface 
closely punctate, pubescent black but with a very distinct transverse 
band of white pubescence on the vertex ; thorax pyriform, one-fourth 
narrower at the base than at the apex, which is truncate with the 
angles sharp, not emarginate or dentate laterally, closely foveolate 
and haying a small tubercle in the centre of the edge of the declivity. 
Abdomen sub-pedunculate, the first joint short, nodose, about half 
the width of the base of the second, which is finely and simply punc- 
tate, and is clothed with an appressed black tomentum hiding the 
sculpture ; legs with white bristles, hind tibiae strongly spinose, 
spurs white. 

Length 6 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester), F. W. Purcell. 

I know no close ally to this pretty little species, of which I have 
seen one female example, and which is so remarkable by the silvery 
sheen of the white pubescence. 


DASYLABRIS MOAMBA, Sp. n. 


?. Head, thorax, antennae, legs and first abdominal segment 
light red, the other segments black, the second with a median apical 
silky white patch, a narrow basal band of the same colour dilated in 
a triangle in the centre, and the sides clothed with a slivery pubes- 
cence extending from apex to base, but not dense enough to be 
termed a band, third segment clothed with a white band, the others 
with an abbreviated lateral band of the same colour, which is 
however nearly entire, although not conspicuous on the border 
of the penultimate segment. Head deeply pitted, clothed with a 
flavescent pubescence, palps slightly infuscate, neck very distinct ; 
third antennal joint as long as the fourth, but more slender ; 
thorax sub-hexagonal, longer than broad, not much ampliated in the 
middle which is slightly angular, the margins not sinuated; it is 
coarsely foveate and clothed with an appressed flavescent pubescence, 
abdomen pedunculate, peduncle short, but distinct, spinose on each 
side at base, second segment covered with very closely set, small, 


330 Annals of the South African Museum. 


shghtly elongated punctures, pygidial area finely strigillate; legs 
clothed with flavescent white hairs, tibiae plurispinose, spurs long, 
white. 

Length 9 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Plumtree), Father J. O’Neil. A very 
distinct species, the nearest South African ally of which is 
D. pandora, Pér. 

DASYLABRIS BALUCKA, Sp. Nn. 


g. Black, the hind border of first abdominal segment fringed 
with dense greyish hairs, second segment with a patch of white 
hairs in the centre above the middle, and the whole of the third and 
fourth segments covered with a dense band of partly appressed, 
partly erect white hairs. Third joint of antennal joint half the 
length of the fourth; eyes large but not emarginate, genae very 
much rounded giving the base of the head an arcuate shape, surface 
closely and evenly punctate and clothed with thick black and silky 
greyish hairs, the latter more appressed; thorax deeply pitted all 
over, clothed like the head with sparse decumbent whitish hairs and 
dense erect black ones, the scutellary region with a conspicuous 
fascicle of long hairs, metanotum rounded laterally from base to 
apex; abdomen plainly petiolate, the first segment subfoveate 
punctate, the second very closely cicatricose punctate, the others 
closely and moderately finely punctate, clothed with very long, 
greyish hairs; legs black, bristling with black hairs, hind tibiae 
simple, spurs long, black. 

Length 64 mm.; expanse of wings 9 mm. 

Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury), Father J. O’Neil. 

This species greatly resembles Mutilla detopeia, Pér., and 
M. eunyce, Pér., which is perhaps a varietal form of dezopeia, but 
the third cubital cell is closed instead of being open as in the last 
two named species, which belong moreover to the genus Mutzlla. 
It is however distinguished from both by the presence of a whitish 
patch of white hairs on the second segment, and of a white band on 
the fourth segment. The latter has a wide range, as I have seen 
an example from Bulawayo differing in no particular from examples 
found near Cape Town, where I captured several specimens hovering 
over a low bush under which I found a solitary female of 
D. inconspicua, Sm. 


DASYLABRIS MAKANGA, Sp. . 


g. Black, with the pronotum clothed with a dense long, golden- 
yellow pubescence extending over the scutellary region and the 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 331 


tegulae ; second and third abdominal segments with a series of 
sparse, long stiff white hairs which are far too scattered to form 
a band; wings entirely fuscous black; palps black, head much 
rounded behind the eyes which are large and not emarginate on the 
upper part, closely pitted on the vertex, which like the anterior part 
is clothed with dense whitish hairs mixed with a few black ones, and 
a few orange-yellow ones on the hind border, mandibles trifid at 
apex, no spine underneath, basal joint of antennae pubescent black, 
third joint half the length of the fourth ; pronotum and mesonotum 
deeply foveolate punctate, metanotum closely reticulate ampliate 
laterally behind with the angles very broadly rounded, somewhat 
shiny, and clothed sparingly with black hairs; first and second 
segments of abdomen covered with equal, moderately wide foveae 
and clothed with dense, erect black hairs, the other segments are 
closely punctate and densely hairy black, the first segment has 
underneath a short carina truncate at base only; legs black, fore 
ones with a greyish pubescence, the hairs on the intermediate and 
hind ones black, hind tibiae simple, spurs black. 

Length 11 mm. ; expanse of wings 19 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo). 

A very distinct species, but near D. merope, Sm. 


Gen. STENOMUTILLA, Andr. 


STENOMUTILLA MUKSINGA, Sp. Nn. 
, 


3. Black, with the pronotum, mesonotum, scutellary region and 
tegulae red; abdomen with a silky white band on the first three 
basal segments ; wings hyaline on the first basal third, fuscous with 
the nervures steel blue on the other two-thirds; head rounded 
behind, with the genae long, eyes moderately large, not emarginate, 
surface closely pitted, briefly pubescent, sparsely hairy. Antennae 
somewhat robust, third joint shorter than the fourth ; thorax closely 
foveate, metanotum short, very declivous, sub-parallel laterally with 
the hind angles rounded, the declivous part arcuate, the surface 
clothed with black hairs with a few white ones on the sides; first 
joint of abdomen petiolate and deeply and evenly punctate with the 
intervals smooth, the other segments, including the pygidial area, 
much more finely punctate; legs clothed with whitish hairs, hind 
tibiae simple, spurs long, black; underneath the second and third 
segments have a distinct fringe of white hairs. 

Length 15 mm.; expanse of wings 24 mm. 


332 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury), Father J. O’ Neil. 
Allied to S. clelia, Pér., in which however the white dorsal and 
lateral part of the thorax is red. 


Grex. MYRMILLA, Wesm. 


MYRMILLA MAHLALELA, Sp. 0. 


@. Black, with the thorax red, and the vertex and labrum 
occasionally red, abdomen with a flavescent median band the hind 
border, a small central patch at base of the second segment and another 
larger one in the centre of the apex, third segment clothed with an 
entire band, fourth with a median patch of the same colour and the 
segment densely penicillate with flavescent hairs. Head very large, 
quadrate, nearly as long as broad, eyes very large, lateral, genae as 
long as the eyes, obtusely rounded, closely striolate on the vertex, 
and with a median, not very distinct longitudinal central carina, 
labrum rufescent, mandibles greatly developed, surface very briefly 
pubescent yellow, and sparingly setose; antennae with the scape 
rufescent or sub-rufescent occasionally, the two first joints are also 
rufescent. Third joint more than twice as long as the fourth. 
Thorax one-third longer than broad, sub-parallel laterally, but 
slightly wider at the base than at the apex, the basal margin of the 
pronotum slopes slightly on either side, but is sharply angular, 
the lateral margin bears 5 short teeth including the one at the basal 
angle, and the hind border has three long, equi-distant, horizontal 
spines, the surface is foveolate striolate, very briefly pubescent 
flavescent; abdomen sessile, briefly pubescent black, and with 
whitish flavescent setae, the segments are very finely and closely 
punctate ; legs fuscous or fuscous rufescent, tibiae strongly spinose, 
spurs whitish. 

Length 6-64 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo, Salisbury), Father J.O’ Neil. 

3. Similar to the female in colouring and markings of the 
abdomen. The head is equally large in proportion to the thorax, 
the latter however is strongly contracted laterally, the metanotum is 
ampliate rounded on the sides and distinctly wider than the 
pronotum, there is no lateral denticulation, but the hind angles 
are distinctly spinose, and there are three spines similar to those of 
the female on the apex of the declivity; the hind legs are spinose 
and the long spurs white. 

Length 54 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury), Father J. O'Neil. 


Jotes on South African Mutillidae. 333 


Allied to M. phocia (euterpe), Pér., and to M. agi, Andr.; the 
example of the latter species which I saw in Dr. Braun’s collection 
is allied to M. mahlalela, but the thorax is 6-dentate laterally and 
bears 4 spines on the apex of the declivity; the markings on the 
abdomen consist of a central elongate patch on the second segment, 
as in M. phocia, and the four penultimate segments are penicillate 
with yellow hairs. 


MyYRMILLA NAMAQUA, Sp. 0. 


?. Pale testaceous, with the greater part of the second 
abdominal segment infuscate; hind border of the second segment 
with a narrow whitish band, third segment covered with a whitish 
band. Head much wider than the thorax, with the genae as long 
as the eyes and obtusely rounded, the base sinuate, eyes large, supra- 
lateral, surface hardly pubescent and covered with even, closely set 
punctures ; third antennal joint slender and nearly thrice as long 
as the fourth; thorax short, one-third longer than broad, truncate 
at apex with the anterior angles sharp, nearly parallel for one-fourth 
of the length, emarginate thence for two-fourths with the remaining 
fourth ampliate rounded with the posterior angles semi-obtuse but 
hardly broader at the base than the apex of the pronotum, the 
hind border bears on the centre a small dentiform tubercle, with 
very faint indications of minute tubercles on either side of it, and 
also on the sides of the declivity, the surface is finely striolate; the 
abdomen is beset with white setae, and the second segment which 
is infuscate except in the centre of the base is finely aciculate; the 
pygidial area is also finely punctate ; legs sparsely hairy, hind tibiae 
spinose, spurs white. 

Length 4 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Bushmanland, Enkries), R. M. Lightfoot. 

This species is probably allied to M. dubiosa, Andr., of which I 
have seen an example, but which is not represented in the Museum 
collection ; it is differentiated by the size of the head, which is con- 
siderably wider than the thorax and very massive in IM. namaqua, 
whereas according to André it is about the width of the thorax in 
M. dubiosa., 

MyRrMILLA BUINGELLA, Sp. n. 

?. Black, with the thorax red, the palps, the three basal joints 
of antennae and the legs red; abdomen sessile with a large median 
patch of flavescent hairs on the first segment, second segment with 
a narrow flavescent border dilated with a triangular patch in the 
centre, the other segments fimbriate with sub-flavescent hairs. 


334 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Antennae robust, third joint shorter than the first; head rounded, 
eyes very large, no genae to speak of, surface rugose, briefly 
pubescent; thorax nearly twice as long as broad, deeply and 
regularly emarginate laterally, border of pronotum straight with 
the angles sharply acuminate, base also straight, slightly wider than 
the apex, the angles still sharper than at the apex, in the centre 
of the declivity is a small, bluntly triangular tubercle, the surface is 
finely punctate and clothed with a decumbent flavescent pubescence; 
the second abdominal segment is moderately finely punctate and 
the sides are clothed from apex to base with a whitish pubescence 
not dense enough, however, to form a patch; the fourth segment 
is more densely fimbriate than the third; the pygidial area is 
punctate at base. Legs very briefly pubescent white, spurs 
extremely short, whitish; hind tibiae plurispinose. 

Length 34 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawaye). 

A species very distinct from the other South African species of 
Myrmilla known to me. 


MyYRMILLA SHIKUELLA, sp. n. 


?. Black, with the thorax red, first abdominal segment with a 
band of flavescent hairs on the hind border, second with two 
parallel, slightly elongate, small patches situated a little past the 
median part and at about an equal distance from the centre and 
from the sides, third segment clothed with an entire band of the 
same colour. Head wider than the prothorax, with the eyes large 
and about equi-distant from the insertion of the antennae and from 
the plainly rounded posterior angles, antennal tubercles conspicuous 
and very sharp, surface roughly elongate punctate, briefly greyish 
pubescent; antennae somewhat robust, third joint three times as 
long as the fourth; thorax one-fourth longer than broad, anterior 
border slightly sloping on each side with the angles sharp, sub- 
parallel but slightly emarginate laterally, posterior edge not wider 
than the anterior but the hind angles somewhat rounded, and bearing 
on the top of the declivity seven long, horizontal spines of nearly 
the same length; the surface is visibly striate longitudinally and 
it is clothed with a very brief flavescent pubescence ; abdomen beset 
with greyish and black hairs, the second, third, and fourth segments 
plainly fimbriate with yellowish hairs, the dorsal part of all segments 
finely and regularly punctate, but very finely strigillate on the second 
but on the sides only, pygidial area closely striolate from the base 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 335 


to nearly the apex: legs bristling with white setae, hind tibiae strongly 
spinose on the outer edge, spurs long, white. 

Length 9 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Plumtree), Father J. O'Neil. 

This species is very closely allied to M. no, Pér. (pectinidorsis, 
Andr.) and may prove ultimately to be only a varietal form, but it 
differs from M. ino by the sculpture of the head, which is not so 
vough nor are the intervals carinulate in the anterior part of the 
vertex ; the prothorax is much more distinctly striolate longitudinally 
and the punctures of the second abdominal segments are much finer. 
M. imo has been recorded from Natal and the Orange Free State 
only, to my knowledge. 


MYRMILLA BUNGANA, Sp. 0. 


3. Black, with the neck and dorsal and lateral parts of thorax 
ved, second abdominal segment with a small, sub-transverse flavescent 
patch situated towards but not quite in the middle, and equi-distant 
from the centre and the sides, third and fourth segments clothed 
with a silky whitish band, seemingly interrupted narrowly in the 
centre in the two examples which I have examined. Head trans- 
verse, wider than the prothorax, eyes large, not emarginate, situated 
forward, the space between the base of the eye and the posterior 
angle longer than the eye itself, the posterior angles slightly 
rounded, the base sinuate, surface roughly punctate striate, clothed 
with a dense greyish flavescent pubescence, antennal tubercles 
moderately prominent, antennae somewhat robust, third antennal 
jvint shorter than the fourth; thorax twice as long as broad at its 
widest part, strongly coarctate laterally on the mesonotal region, 
the rudimentary tegulae distinct, metanotum ampliate rounded, a 
little wider than the pronotum, slantingly declivous, coarsely foveate 
all over and beset with whitish and black rigid setae; abdomen 
sessile, the second segment irregularly strigillate punctate, the 
irregular longitudinal strigillation more apparent than the punc- 
tures; legs fringed with greyish hairs, hind tibiae simple, spurs 
long, white. 

Length 9-10 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Empandeni), Father J. O'Neil. 

The nearest ally of this species is M. bambata, Pér., in which, 
however, the head is hardly wider than the pronotum, the meso- 
notum much less strongly constricted, and the metanotum narrower 
than the pronotum, whereas the metanotum is distinctly wider than 
the pronotum in WM. bungana, etc. 


336 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


MyYRMILLA MAPUTA, Sp. Nn. 


$. Black, with the thorax completely red, legs red ; second abdo- 
minal segment with two whitish small, not very well defined patches 
situated towards the median part of the disk and equi-distant from 
the centre and the outer sides, this segment has also a very narrow 
fringe of semi-pubescent hairs, third segment clothed with a white 
pubescence, fourth segment with a similar band broadly interrupted 
in the centre. 

Closely allied to IV. aede, Pér., the head is of the same shape but 
broader than the thorax at its widest part, the sculpture is alike, but 
the antennae are more robust, the thorax is more slender, the 
mesonotum is more strongly co-arctate, the metanotum is as broad 
as the apical part of the pronotum; the spots and bands on the 
abdomen are nearly alike, but the band on the fourth segment is 
interrupted in MW. maputa, and the sculpture of the second segment 
is very fine and not strigillate in M. maputa ; legs bristling with 
white setae, hind tibiae spinose, spurs white. 

Length 6 mm. 

Hab. Natal (Durban), C. N. Barker. 

I believe this species to be the male of M. mo, Pér. (they were sent 
me from the same locality) ; 1. aede to be the male of WM. dumbrodia, 
Pér., and M. proserpina, Pér., that of MW. pasyphaé, Pér., because both 
sexes occur in the same locality. 


Gen. MUTILLA, Linn. 


MUTILLA TAKOTA, Sp. n. 


?. Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with a faint silky white 
patch, occasionally obliterated on the first segment, a narrow one, very 
broadly interrupted in the centre on the apical border of the second, 
and a broader also interrupted one on the third, last segment densely 
fimbriate. Head a little broader than the thorax, truncate behind 
with the angles not rounded, eyes very large, genae distinct, man- 
dibles long, simple, surface roughly foveate punctate covered with 
a greyish white pubescence intermixed with rigid black setae; 
antennae robust, third joint nearly as long as the two following taken 
together ; thorax one-third longer than broad, sub-parallel but emar- 
ginate laterally, anterior border of pronotum strongly sloping on each 
side, metanotum not broader than the pronotum at its widest part 
with the declivity sub-vertical, the surface is covered with broad, 
deep foveae separated by longitudinal raised intervals forming more 


Notes on South African Mutallidae. 337 


or less distinct carinules ending on the top of the declivity in an ill- 
defined crenulation, foveae of the declivity wider and deeper than on 
the disk; abdomen beset with black hairs, white on the sides, 
second segment conspicuously strigillate from the base to the apex, 
the raised lines closely set, pygidial area, finely strigillate near the 
base, finely aciculate on the remainder of the surface ; legs set with 
white bristles, hind tibiae spinose, spurs long, white. 

Length 74-11 mm. 

Hab. Transvaal (Lydenburg), Southern Rhodesia (Salisbury), 
Father J. O’Neil. 


MOUTILLA MAROTSA, SP. 0. 


@. Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with a narrow apical, 
broadly interrupted flavescent band on the second segment, and a 
similar but broader one covering the third segment. The de- 
scription of M. takota suits the present species, but the difference 
between the two is mainly in the shape of the metanotum which is 
transversely carinate above the declivity, this carina is faintly crenu- 
late, and in the centre there is an unciform blunt transverse spine, 
the sides of the declivity are slightly serrate; the second abdominal 
segment is less conspicuously strigillate ; the rest as in MW. takota. 

Length 11 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Empandeni), Father J. O’ Neil. 


MUTILDA BOKOTA, sp. n. 


?. Black, antennae, palpi, tibiae, tarsi brick-red, femora fuscous 
reddish, thorax red, second abdominal segment with a median, sub- 
elongate, silky white somewhat flavescent patch reaching from a 
short distance from the apex to the median part, and with a quite 
lateral yet somewhat more median, faint whitish patch on each side, 
the hind border has a narrow silky white fringe which expands into 
a somewhat broad triangle in the centre, the third segment is covered 
by a white sub-flavescent band. Head as broad as long, eyes large, 
genae little produced behind the eyes, rounded, face and vertex 
irregularly punctate, briefly setulose; thorax parallel, nearly twice 
as long as broad, and with the angles distinct, truncate behind, and 
with a triangular sub-obtuse spine in the centre of the border of the 
declivity, clothed with a moderately dense flavescent pubescence and 
a few erect hairs; abdomen sessile, second segment evenly punctate, 
the punctures ovate, not rugose, the intervals inclined to form a 
slight striation, the other segments are more finely punctate, and the 
pygidial area is very hairy; hind tibiae spinose, spurs white. 


338 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Length 6 mm. 
Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo). 
Near M. amalita, Pér., but very distinct. 


MoUTILLA BEIRA, Sp. Nn. 


?. Black, with the thorax red, the first abdominal segment with a 
conspicuous apical patch of white pubescence, second with a median 
ovate patch of the same colour, third, fourth, and fifth segments 
covered by a white pubescent band, sometimes ill-defined or obsolete 
on the penultimate. Head transverse on the vertex, base slightly 
arcuate in the centre, but the posterior angles are sharp and not 
rounded, eyes large, lateral, genae long, surface coarsely foveate, 
briefly pubescent white, labrum villose white, mandibles long, simple, 
antennae somewhat robust, third joint nearly twice the length of the 
fourth ; thorax nearly parallel, nearly one-third as long as broad, 
fore border of the pronotum is very slightly sloping on each side and 
the angles are sharp, the metanotum is not broader, and the declivity 
is nearly vertical, from apex to two-thirds of the length it is longi- 
tudinally carinulate, the shghtly wavy carinules enclosing elongated 
foveae, in the metanotal part, however, the foveae only are left, the 
apex of the declivity and also the sides are slightly crenulate, and on 
the centre of the declivity there is an unciform, transverse, blunt, more 
distinct tooth, the surface is covered with a somewhat dense white 
pubescence, and the contracted part of the sides is clothed with a 
broad conspicuous silky white patch; abdomen sessile, clothed with 
white and black setae, second segment conspicuously carinulate 
longitudinally, the carinules closely set and enclosing narrowly 
ovate punctures; pygidial area strigillate from base to apex; 
legs with white bristles, hind tibiae strongly spinose, spurs white. 

Length 6-9 mm. 

Hab. Mozambique (Beira), P. A. Sheppard. 

The facies and livery of this species is that of M. exaltata, Sm., 
and M. omphale, Pér., and it is an ally also of M. praedatrix, Sm. 
But the head is as transverse on the vertex and with the hind angles 
as sharp as in WM. eraltata, whereas in M. praedatrix the head is 
rounded laterally behind, and as the large eyes reach the hind 
margin, there are no genae. 


MITILLA GUANDA, Sp. n. 


?. Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with a divided patch of 
flavescent pubescence on the hind border of the first segment, and a 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 339 


very narrow apical border of the same colour on the second, the 
other segments have each a very narrow apical band more fimbriate 
than pubescent. Head sub-transverse, eyes moderately large, lateral, 
genae long, but attenuate rounded towards the base, surface 
broadly and roughly pitted; antennae moderately robust, third 
joint nearly as long as the following two combined ; thorax parallel, 
about one-third longer than broad, very little sinuate laterally, fore 
border of pronotum straight with the angles sharp, posterior angles 
distinct, covered with very broad foveae separated by narrow, highly 
raised walls forming longitudinal carinae which when reaching the 
edge of the declivity form there a somewhat indistinct crenulation, 
the sides of the declivity are also sub-crenulate; second abdominal 
segment covered with highly raised, conspicuous, longitudinal, 
closely set carinules reaching from base to apex, the other segments 
are finely and closely punctate, pygidial area finely strigillate on the 
basal part; legs bristling with white setae, hind tibiae spinose, 
spurs white. 

Length 5 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Gwanda), D. Dods. 

Remarkable by the sculpture of the second abdominal segment. 
I do not know of any South African spacies allied to the present one. 


MurTinLA TOUMSA, sp. 0. 


?. Black, with the dorsal part of the prothorax reddish, but 
infuseate on the greater part of the dorsal part, the infuscation 
leaving only the fore border of the pronotum, and the outer margin 
reddish, the sides are red ; abdomen with a yellow somewhat narrow 
pubescent band slightly dilated in the centre on the apical border, 
apical segment fimbriate with yellowish hairs ; legs fuscous rufescent. 
Head moderately rounded behind, eyes large, lateral, genae 
moderately long, posterior angles rounded, surface foveolate punctate, 
very briefly pubescent; antennal tubercles and the basal joints of 
antennae rufescent, the third joint longer than the fourth; thorax 
parallel, very little emarginate laterally, one-quarter longer than 
broad, the margin of the pronotum straight with the outer angles 
sharp, posterior part truncate, vertically declivous, a triangular 
tubercle in the centre of the border of the declivity, surface 
covered with deep and broad irregular foveae and very briefly 
pubescent ; abdomen sessile, second segment covered with deep, 
long, ovate foveae with raised, smooth but non-carinate intervals 
forming a regular reticulation, the segments following are closely 

27 


340 Annals of the South African Museum. 


and finely punctate, legs with whitish bristles, tibiae spinose, spurs 
white. 

Length 4 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Worcester), F. W. Purcell. 

This species will be easily recognized from its South African 
congeners by its sculpture, and by the very parallel thorax. 


MUTILLA PELLA, sp. n. 


?. Black, with the thorax and the legs red, abdomen with a 
central ovate flavescent patch extending over the base of the second 
segment, the latter with a narrow apical flavescent band briefly 
dilated triangularly in the centre, third segment with a median 
flavescent patch. Head very slightly wider than the prothorax, eyes 
large, lateral, genae moderately short, angles not much rounded, 
base plainly arcuate, surface roughly punctate and clothed with a 
flavescent pubescence ; antennae moderately robust, the third joint 
not longer than the fourth; thorax narrow, twice as long as broad, 
straight in front with the angles sharp, parallel for a third of the 
length, there contracted and briefly incised, thence slightly ampliate, 
to the same width as the pronotum and with the high angles 
rounded, the declivity is sloping, and at a short distance from the 
edge there is a small median tubercle, the surface is covered with 
shghtly wavy, little raised carinules in the intervals of which are 
irregular foveae, and is clothed with a dense flavescent pubescence. 
Abdomen sessile, closely strigillate from base to apex; legs bristling 
with whitish hairs, hind tibiae spinose, spurs white. 

Length 3 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Cape Town), L. G. Péringuey. 

This small species will be easily distinguished by its long narrow 
thorax, as loag as in M. decipiens, Sm., but more parallel. 


MUTILLA KANZALA, Sp. 0. 


?. Black, with the thorax red, abdomen with two central, round, 
orange chitinous spots equi-distant from sides to centre on the 
second segment, third, fourth, and fifth, each with a narrow pubescent 
white band. Head not distinctly wider than the thorax ; transverse, 
the posterior angles little rounded, eyes large, lateral, genae shorter 
than the eyes; it is roughly foveate and briefly pubescent ; antennae 
of the normal shape, third joint hardly longer than the fourth ; 
thorax one-third longer than broad, parallel, but emarginate from the 
posterior angle of the pronotum to the second third of the length 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 341 


from where it widens a little, being there as broad as the apical part 
of the pronotum and moderately rounded at the base, deeply foveate 
carinate, the slightly wavy carinules forming a distinct, sharp 
serration at the top of the declivity, the sides of which as well as 
those of the lateral hind margin are obtusely serrate, the declivity is 
broadly recticulate, and the surface is covered with a greyish 
pubescence; abdomen sessile, second segment conspicuously 
carinulate longitudinally, the carinules closely set and_ enclosing 
ill-defined elongate fossulate punctures ; pygidial area finely 
strigillate; legs bristling with white hairs; hind tibiae spinose, 
spurs white. 

Length 8-9 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Bredasdorp), H. Fry ; Natal (Drakensberg), 
C. N. Barker. 

The two yellow spots on the second abdominal segment are not 
covered with pubescence, but are chitinous as in J. acrisione, 
Pér. The shape of head and thorax greatly differentiates this 
species from the last-named species. Not only are the two orange 
spots alike, but the sculpture of the second abdominal segment is 
the same in both. 


MUTILLA MAMBA, sp. 0. 


?. Black, with the thorax totally red; abdomen with two ovate 
flavescent patches on the second segment, equi-distant from the 
sides and centre, on the third and fourth is a wide band of the same 
colour broadly and equally interrupted in the centre; hind border of 
metanotum with seven horizontal conspicuous spines above the 
declivity. A close ally of MZ. nas, Pér., whose description would 
also nearly suit the present species, except that the thorax is less 
parallel, being distinctly narrower at apex than at base and more 
emarginate laterally from the well-defined high angles of the 
pronotum to the third part of the length, the fourth abdominal 
segment has also a wide pubescent band wanting in MW. nais, and the 
pubescent band and patches are flavescent instead of white. 

Length 9-10 mm. 

Hab, Transvaal (Waterberg), Southern Rhodesia (Empandeni), 
Father J. O’Neil. 


MUTILLA MOGAMBA, sp. 0. 
$. Black, first and second abdominal segments red, the first 
fimbriated with white at apex, the latter with a broad apical border, 
third segment covered by a dense pubescent white band, pronotum 


342 Annals of the South African Museum. 


and metanotum clothed with a thick white pubescence. Head 
transverse, eyes large, lateral, emarginate, genae projecting slightly 
beyond the eyes, mandibles trifid at end, hollowed inwardly, strongly 
dentate underneath in the middle ; surface closely foveolate 
punctate, forehead with a thick bunch of white hairs between the 
antennae which are robust, and in which the third joint is of the 
same length as the fourth; thorax convex on the mesonotum, 
the scutellum sub-orbicular and fringed with dense long silky white 
hairs, metanotum a little narrower than the pronotum, much 
rounded laterally behind and entirely clothed above and on the 
sides with a very dense white pubescence; wings deep fuscous, 
tegullae also fuscous; abdomen sessile, ventral carina of the first 
segment long, ending in a small tooth, second segment covered with 
foveolate punctures, the posterior black band extends to about one- 
quarter of the surface, the other segments are closely punctate 
above and below; legs bristling with whitish hairs, hind tibiae 
spinose, spurs long, white. 

Length 12 mm.; expanse of wings 24 mm. 

Hab. Transvaal (Barberton), H. Edwards ; Zululand (M’Fongosi), 
W. E. Jones. 

A close ally to M. tecmessa, Pér.; but without the narrow white 
band on the second abdominal segment, and with a broad black 
border on the same joint; the whole metanotum is clothed with a 
white pubescence; the foveate punctures on the second abdominal 
segment are a little broader than in MW. tecmessa, Pér. 

Both M. mogamba and M. tecmessa belong in all likelihood to the 
M. exaltata, Sm., group. 


MOUTILLA KATANGA, SP. nN. 


g. Black, with the second and third abdominal segments red, 
these second and third segments are densely fimbriate with white 
hairs which are not quite dense enough to form a band in the only 
example I have as yet seen. Head conspicuously rounded laterally 
behind from the base of the eyes which are deeply emarginate, 
surface closely pitted, and clothed with very dense erect white hairs ; 
antennae robust, third joint as long as the fourth; thorax with the 
metanotum sub-quadrate but with the angles bluntly rounded and 
very slightly wider at the apex of the declivity than the pronotum, 
mesonotum very convex, scutellum rounded, fringed with long, 
white hairs, surface closely and deeply foveolate punctate, that of 
the metanotum broadly reticulate; abdomen sessile, first segment 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 343 


with a ventral carina incised in the centre, second segment sub- 
cicatricose punctate without any raised intervals, the other 
segments closely punctate, the dorsal surface and the sides 
especially are beset with long, white erect hairs, the second 
segment has underneath three small, sharp tubercles on the apical 
edge, one median, the other two lateral, and the ventral part of the 
segments is fringed with greyish long hairs. 

Length 8 mm.; expanse of wings 13 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo), G. Arnold. 

Belongs to the group of M. zoé, Pér., IM. concinna, Pér., and 
M. speculatrix, Gerst., but is at once differentiated by the greatly 
arcuate hind part of the head, which is straight in the above-named 
species, and the three tubercles on the border of the ventral part of 
the second abdominal segment. 


MuvriI“ba Nnais, Pér. 
Ann: S. Airice: Mus. i. 1898; p..129) 


g. Black, with the pronotum and mesonotum red, abdomen 
with a large, quadrate silky white patch extending nearly from the 
sides to some distance from the centre on the second segment, and 
a broad apical band of the same pubescence widely interrupted in 
the centre on the third and fourth segments, ultimate segment 
moderately fimbriate with greyish hairs. Head transverse, not 
very wide on the vertex, hardly arcuate behind and with the 
posterior angles slightly rounded, eyes large, lateral, deeply 
emarginate, space in front of the eyes with a patch of silky hairs, 
maxillae long, simple; antennae with the basal joint long, acutely 
nodose inwardly at apex, third joint of equal length with the fourth. 
Pronotum somewhat rounded in front, mesonotum convex, carinulate 
longitudinally in addition to the four longitudinal grooves, the 
intervals foveolate, scutellum almost orbicular, fringed with a 
flavescent pubescence, metanotum  sub-parallel laterally, then 
conspicuously rounded behind, broadly reticulate ; abdomen sessile, 
first segment shorter than the apical width, foveolate punctate 
above and provided underneath with a short, high carina truncate 
and sub-dentate at apex, second segment sparsely punctate but 
with the median discoidal part smooth, the other segments finely 
punctate; legs clothed with whitish bristles, hind tibiae with two 
apical spines on the upper side, spurs long, white. 

Caught i copuld by Mr. G. Arnold, of the Rhodesia Museum. 

Length 14-15 mm. ; expanse of wings 23-24 mm. 


344 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Mutilla nais was originally described from Natal. I have since 
received specimens from Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo, Empandeni, 
Salisbury, Sebakwe, Umtali). 


MUTILLA VATUA, Sp. n. 


3. Black, with the pronotum, mesosternum, scutellary 
region and tegulae brick-red; abdomen slightly cyaneous, and 
with a distinct narrow white band on the hind border of the 
first and second segments, the others fimbriated with white hairs, 
the hairs not dense enough to form a distinct band; head trans- 
verse on the vertex, the base straight, eyes large, emarginate, 
genae short, only moderately rounded; vertex closely foveate and 
briefly pubescent, epistome clothed with a dense silvery pubes- 
cence, the sides with long, white rigid hairs; mandibles trifid, 
foreipatem tooth underside distinct, blunt; antennae black, robust, 
the third joint only slightly shorter than the fourth; thorax 
closely foveolate punctate and with somewhat scattered white 
hairs a little more numerous on the scutellary region and on 
the metanotum which is reticulate black and gradually attenuate 
rounded laterally behind; wings slightly infuscate throughout ; 
abdomen with a faint cyaneous tinge, sessile, first joint distinctly 
spinose on each side at the base, and with a median carina truncate 
at each end underneath, sub-foveate punctate, second segment 
deeply and evenly punctate, without any raised intervals, the other 
segments somewhat unevenly punctate, legs black, fringed with a 
few hairs, hind tibiae simple, spurs long, very slender, white. 

Length 8 mm.; expanse of wings 11 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo). 

Belongs to the group of MW. lobognatha, Andr., and M. wmtata, 
Pér. The livery is nearly the same, and so is the shape of the 
mandibles. It differs from M. wmtata, in which the thorax is 
coloured alike, by the gradually attenuate metanotum which in the 
former is somewhat ampliate rounded; the wings are also less 
deeply infuscate. 


MUTILLA LITETA, sp. 0. 


3. Black, with the pronotum, mesonotum, and tegulae red ; 
abdomen with a broad white pubescent band on the first segment, 
a narrow one along the apex of the second, and a broad one on the 
third and fourth. Head transverse, with the base slightly arcuate, 
but the angles are very little rounded, eyes very large and very 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 345 


tridentate at apex, the inferior teeth very little developed, surface 
roughly pitted, clothed with dense greyish erect hairs; antennae 
robust, the basal joint conspicuously grooved inwardly, the third 
joint not half the length of the fourth; pronotum straight in front 
with the angles distinct, thence moderately sloping laterally, 
metanotum convex, of the normal shape like the rounded scutellum 
which is fringed behind with long whitish hairs, metanotum slightly 
narrower than the foreborder of the protonum, straight laterally, not 
attenuate behind, but with the angles broadly rounded, surface 
villose black, and covered with foveate punctures on the mesotonum 
and metanotum, the metanotum which is villose white is broadly 
reticulate ; tegulae red, wings fuscous with the nervures steel blue, 
but a little paler near the base; abdomen sessile, first segment with 
a distinct spine on each side of the base, and somewhat nodose, the 
carina underneath long, truncate at apex, slightly incised near the 
base, second segment closely punctate, the punctures not reticulate ; 
legs villose white, hind tibiae simple, spurs long, white. 

Length 8-11 mm. ; expanse of wings 13-20 mm. 

Hab. Transvaal (Lydenburg, Barberton), H. Edwards ; Zululand 
(M’Fongosi), W. HE. Jones. 

Closely allied to M. phoebe, Pér., but in the latter the pronotum 
alone and the tegulae are red. 


MUTILLA NONGUA, Sp. n. 


g. Black, with the pronotum, mosonotum, scutellum, and tegulae 
red, abdomen with the first four segments bearing a narrow 
flavescent white apical band. 

The description of MZ. vatwa applies almost in its entirety to the 
present species which is however of larger size; the pubescent 
white bands on the first four abdominal segments are plainly defined, 
but the distinctive character is the sculpture of the second abdominal 
segment whichis strongly reticulate instead of being evenly punctate ; 
the wings are also more deeply infuscate from base to apex. 

Length 12-13 mm.; expanse of wings 20-23 mm. 

Hab. Natal (Port Shepstone), K. 8. Barnard; (Malvern), C. N. 
Barker. 

MUTILLA MOYANA, Sp, 0. 

g. Black, with the abdominal segments cyaneous, mosonotum 
and tegulae brick-red, border of the first four abdominal segments 
with a fringe of dense white hairs forming on each a narrow yet 
distinct white band; wings fuscous but paler at the base, and with 


346 Annals of the South African Museum, 


a tinge of steel blue in the middle of the fore wings. Head 
transverse, twice as long as broad on the vertex and parallel there, 
the cheeks prolonged and the hind angles slightly rounded; eyes 
moderately large not very bulging, slightly emarginate ; epistome 
with dense whitish hairs, vertex evenly foveate punctate, clothed 
with erect greyish white hairs; thorax clothed with long greyish 
hairs longer and denser in the scutellary region and on the sides 
of the metanotum which is subquadrate with the angles very 
slightly rounded, tegulae large; abdomen sessile, first and second 
abdominal segments covered with somewhat even sub-cicatricose 
punctures of moderate size; the other segments are more finely and 
more evenly punctured, and the pygidial area is numerously and 
distinctly carinate longitudinally from base to apex ; underside, all 
the segments except the first have a distinct fringe of whitish hairs, 
and the first segment is sub-carinate in the centre at the base; legs 
clothed with greyish hairs, spurs long, very slender, black; hind 
tibiae with four spines. 

Length 11 mm.; expanse of wings 17 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Barberton). 

Near M. hermione, Pér., but easily differentiated by the sub- 
quadrate, short metathorax; the spurs are black instead of 
white, ete. 


Gen. ODONTOMUTILLA, Andr. 


ODONTOMUTILLA UMHLALI, sp. n. 


3. Black, with the dorsal part of the thorax red, abdomen with the 
hind border of the first segment with a silvery white band, and the 
third and fourth segments entirely covered with a band of the same 
colour. Wings hyaline in the basal half, fuscous and slightly steel 
blue in the other half. Head as broad as the thorax at its widest 
part, very broad on the vertex, the genae being as long behind the 
eyes as the eyes themselves, and the outer angles are only slightly 
rounded, thus making the base somewhat straight ; antennae robust, 
third joint half the length of the fourth; pronotum strongly sloping 
laterally, mesonotum moderately convex, scutellum not very convex 
but with an acute lamelliform process projecting behind as an 
horizontal spinose process on each side; metanotum gradually 
attenuate from the median lateral part and rounded at apex ; 
surface foveate striolate, but broadly reticulate on the metanotum, 
which is sparingly villose white, whereas the pronotum and 
mosonotum are briefly villose black; abdomen sessile, clothed with 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 347 


erect greyish airs, sculpture of the first two segments similar to that 
of the female but a little finer, the other segments finely punctate, 
pygidial area punctate and slightly striolate, first segment with a 
somewhat short carina truncate at each end on the ventral side ; legs 
clothed with white hairs, hind tibiae simple, spurs white. 

Length 10 mm.; expanse of wings 15 mm. 

Hab. Natal (Umblali), K. 8. Barnard. 

Allied to M. psammathe, Pér., and the livery is the same, but it 
differs in the shape of the head which is quadrate on the vertex 
instead of being narrowly transverse, the genal space being nearly 
as long as the eyes themselves which are emarginate, and the base is 
slightly arcuate instead of being straight; in this character it 
resembles M. petrusiana, Pér., in which the wings are hyaline for 
half the length, and fuscous for the remainder, instead of being entirely 
fuscous asin M. psammathe. But the lateral lamelliform carina of 
the scutellum is a distinctive feature of the genus Odontonvutilla, 
and I shall therefore include it in spite of the rounded sides of the 
metanotum, the shape of which is that of Mwtilla. My example was 
caught the same day and in the same locality as a ? of M. ceto, 
Pér., said by André to be the same species as M. rufipes, Fabr. 


ODONTOMUTILLA CHIBUNGA, sp. n. 


3. Black, with a pronotum and mesonotum red; abdomen with 
a pubescent white band on the border of the second segment, 
narrowly interrupted in the centre, and a whole one on the third. 
Head as broad as the pronotum, transverse, straight behind, genae 
long, hind angles not rounded, eyes large, deeply emarginate, surface 
clothed with a greyish pubescence; antennae robust, third joint 
short ; pronotum straight in front with the angles sharp, mesonotum 
convex, scutellum sharply dentate on each side at apex, slightly 
emarginate in the centre, metanotum gradually amplhated diagonally 
laterally towards the apex which is very sharp, the surface is foveate 
reticulate and greyish villose on the pronotum, mesonotum, and 
scutellum, the latter has at apex a fascicle of white hairs, the broadly 
reticulate metanotum is villose white; tegulae red, wings fuscous 
with the basal part briefly hyaline; abdomen sessile and clothed 
above with white hairs, the first segment bears no trace of white 
band or patch, and the carina underneath is in the shape of a sharp, 
triangular compressed tooth, the second segment is covered with 
closely set sub-reticulate punctures in the first half, the punctures 
assuming an ovate shape without reticulation in the posterior part; 


348 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


deeply emarginate, the genae moderately long, mandibles strongly 
legs set with greyish bristles and setae, hind tibiae simple, spurs 
white. 

Length 10 mm.; expanse of wings 16 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Empandeni), Father J. O'Neil. 

Allied to O. clymeneis, Pér., but the second segment of the latter 
species is scrobiculate reticulate, which is not the case in O. ciubunga 
in which the band on the third segment is not interrupted; the 
whole thorax in O. clymeneis is also red. From O. eunomia, Pér., in 
which the colouring of the thorax is similar, it is differentiated by 
the entire pubescent white band on the third segment, and also by 
the less cicatricose and smaller punctures of the anterior part of the 
second segment. 


ODONTOMUTILLA LESHUMA, Sp. n. 


3. Black, pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum red; abdomen 
with a white pubescent band interrupted in the middle on the first 
and third segments; tegulae red, wings fuscous but hyaline at base 
for two-thirds of the length. Head somewhat broad on the vertex 
with the eyes very large and very deeply emarginate, the base 
arcuate, but the genae are distinct and the outer angles obtusely 
rounded, the surface is very deeply foveate reticulate and villose 
black; antennae robust, third joint very short; thorax nearly 
parallel, pronotum truncate in front with the outer angles sharp, as 
broad as the head, mesonotum convex, scutellum carinate laterally, 
sharply spinose on each side behind, and slightly emarginate in the 
centre, metanotum straight laterally but slightly wider at apex than 
at base and with the hind angles very sharp, the surface is broadly 
foveate, but broadly reticulate on the metanotum, villose greyish 
black in the anterior and median part, villose white on the 
metanotum, and with a fringe of long greyish white hairs on the 
apex of the scutellum; abdomen sessile, first segment with a bi- 
incised longitudinal carina underneath, second segment covered 
with cicatricose punctures without raised interstices, and becoming 
smaller towards the apical part, the other segments very closely 
punctate, surface clothed with black hairs above and greyish white 
underneath ; legs bristling with white hairs, hind tibiae simple, 
spurs black. 

Length 12 mm.; expanse of wings 22 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo). 

The livery is that of the O. ovata, Rad. & Sich., but it is a little 
less robust and is differentiated at once by the less angularly 


. _ 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 349 


ampliated hind part of the metanotum, as well as by the sculpture, 
especially of the second abdominal segment which is conspicuously 
carinate longitudinally in O. ovata, whereas it is only cicatricose 
punctate in O. leshuma. 

It is probable that O. leshwma replaces O. ovata in Southern 
Rhodesia. 


OponromuTiLuA ovaTa, Rad. & Sich. 
Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 1869, p. 84. 
M. oxyroe (megaera, olim), Péring., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. i. 1899, 
p. 353. 


3. Black, with the thorax red; first and third abdominal 
segments with a white pubescent band interrupted in the centre; 
head transverse, very little arcuate behind, eyes large, deeply 
emarginate, genae half the length of the eyes, posterior angles very 
little rounded, surface foveate reticulate; thorax slightly broader in 
front than the head, nearly straight at apex with the angles very 
sharp, mesonotum convex, scutellum carinate, dentate laterally on 
each side, sinuate in the centre, metanotum diagonally ampliated 
laterally from a third of the length with the angles strongly pro- 
jecting but not quite acute ; the surface of the pronotum, mesonotum, 
and scutellum is deeply foveate almost reticulate longitudinally, 
metanotum broadly reticulate; elytra fuscous, slightly hyaline at 
base ; abdomen sessile, first segment with a short carina emarginate 
in the middle underneath, second segment conspicuously carinate 
reticulate longitudinally from the base to three-fourths of the length, 
the carinae enclose long, ovate punctures, but disappear on the last 
fourth part of the length which is more distinctly foveolate, the 
pubescence is black above and greyish white underneath; legs 
bristling with white and black rigid setae, hind tibiae simple, 
spurs white. 

Length 124 mm. to 14 mm.; expanse of wings 23 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Graham’s Town), Ledoux; (Port St. John, 
Dunbrody), Father J. O'Neil. 


MUTILLA YAMBANA, Sp. D. 


g. Black, with the second segment of the abdomen red. Head 
transverse quadrate with the posterior angles sharp, eyes large, 
deeply emarginate, whole surface clothed with a very dense silvery 
white pubescence ; antennaeiwith all the joints arcuate ; the third half 
the length of the fourth; thorax of the normal Wutilla shape, with 


350 Annals of the South African Museum. 


the metanotum narrowing gradually laterally and not as broad as the 
pro- and mesonotum, surface of the two last-named parts closely 
and deeply pitted, metanotum clothed with a thick silvery white 
pubescence; wings fuscous, tegulae black; abdomen sessile, the 
first and second segments have a wide apical border of white 
pubescence, which coats also the greater discoidal anterior part of 
the second segment, all the others are thickly clothed with a similar 
pubescence; ventral carina of the first segment sharply dentate at 
apex ; legs frmged with white, hind tibiae simple, spurs white. 

Length 12 mm.; expanse of wings 19 mm. 

Hab, Mozambique (Inhambane), K. H. Barnard. 

Alhed to IM. andreana, Pér., and as densely clothed with white 
pubescence, but the second abdominal segment is red, and the 
antennal joints are more arcuate. 


Gen. BARYMUTILLA, Andr, 


BaRYMUTILLA BIZANA, Sp. Nn. 


3. Black, with the mesonotum and scutellum red ; first, second,. 
and third abdominal segments with an apical narrow flavescent. 
pubescent band, fourth segment with a median apical flavescent 
patch. Head transverse, sides straight laterally behind the eyes, 
posterior angles not rounded, base straight, eyes lateral, large, 
emarginate, mandibles briefly bifid at apex, tooth underneath short, 
surface roughly and broadly pitted, clothed with a flavescent 
pubescence and villose hairs; antennae robust, third joint a little 
shorter than the fourth; thorax nearly parallel, straight in front 
with the angles sharp, metanotum a little narrower than the pro- 
mesonotum, quadrate with the posterior angles slightly obtuse, 
scutellum convex, simple, whole surface strongly obtuse, villose 
flavescent, tegulae nearly black, wings fuscous; abdomen sessile, 
first joint with a short truncate carina, second segment with closely 
set, narrowly reticulate punctures with the intervals little raised, the 
segments following closely punctate; legs with flavescent and 
greyish setae, hind tibiae simple, spurs long, black. 

Length 11 mm.; expanse of wings 19 mm. 

Hab... Mozambique (Beira), P. A. Sheppard. 

Not unlike an Odontomutilla in general appearance, but 
differentiated by the simple, convex scutellum. The yellowish 
pubescent markings are also distinct. I have seen only one 
example of this species. 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 351 


Gun. APTEROGYNA, Latr. 


APTEROGYNA RHODESIA, Sp. n. 


@. tead, antennae, thorax, legs, and first abdominal segment 
ferruginous red, the other abdominal segments black. Head 
rounded, eyes small, vertex distinctly striate in the middle, fossulate 
laterally, beset with whitish, slightly flavescent, not very dense, but 
long rigid setae. Antennal tubercles very prominent. Pronotum 
and mesonotum deeply foveate, metanotum also foveate but with 
distinct longitudinal carinae on the dorsal part, meso-metanotum 
little ampliate laterally, abdomen slightly depressed, first segment 
deeply foveolate, clothed with long silvery hair-like bristles and a 
little white pubescence at the junction with the second, second 
segment twice as broad as long, deeply foveolate but with the whole 
dorsal part carinulate longitudinally and having a narrow border 
of dense white hairs, third abdominal segments hardly wider than 
the second, carinulate from base to apex with the intervals between 
the carinae fossulate and fringed with a white pubescence like the 
second and the fourth, pygidium conspicuously striolate and with 
the lateral edges serrate, legs densely hairy, spurs whitish. 

Length 7 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Plumtree), Father J. O’ Neil. 

Allied to A. climene, Pér. (? globularia, Fabr.), but distinguished 
apart from the colour of the head and legs by the less ampliated 
ineso-metanotum. 

$. Totally black, with the first abdominal segment red. Head 
small, deeply foveate, clothed like the prothorax with a dense 
greyish white pubescence, eyes only moderately large, antennae 
glabrous, except the first joint, slightly brownish, the joints some- 
what arcuate outwardly; thorax closely, deeply and equally 
foveolate; pronotum with two distinct furrows, scutellum hardly 
swollen and therefore very little convex, metanotum slanting ; wings 
hyaline but with a broad, very pale flavescent band running parallel 
with the fore margin from a short distance of the nervures to some- 
what short of the apex, the nervures conspicuously infuseate ; all 
the abdominal segments closely pitted, the intervals on the third 
segment so disposed as to appear striolate, the apical part of the 
second segment is hardly fimbriate with white hairs which form 
however a narrow band at the apex of the third to sixth; this part 
of the segments is densely greyish hairy; pygidium deeply pitted, 
terminal spine red, under part of abdomen as hairy as the upper ; 
tarsi clothed with silvery hairs, spurs white. 


352 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Length 9} mm.; expanse of wings 144 mm. 

Although the two sexes have not been taken in copuld, there is, I 
think, little doubt that they are one species. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo), G. Arnold. 


APTEROGYNA BOSCHIMANA, N. Sp. 


?. Antennae, palps, thorax, the two basal abdominal joints and 
legs ferruginous red; covered all over with rigid white hairs ; apical 
part of the second abdominal segment narrower than the others. 
Head of the usual shape, sub-foveolate; prothorax sub-acutely 
ampliated laterally in the middle, pronotum covered with moderately 
deep irregular punctures, meso- and metanotum strongly strigillate 
longitudinally ; petiole short, first and second abdominal segments 
deeply and irregularly pitted, third covered with ovate seriate 
elongated punctures, the intervals of which are slightly strigillate in 
the centre, the whole pygidium striolate longitudinally ; legs densely 
hairy, spurs white. 

Length 5 mm. 

Hab. Bushmanland (Henkries), R. M. Lightfoot. 

g. Antennae, all the abdominal segments and the tibiae red, 
head and thorax black, apical part of femora deeply infuscate, tarsal 
spurs white. Wings lacteous, nervures very pale fulvous, pterostigma 
fulvous. Head transverse, very hairy, covered with somewhat 
closely set foveolae ; pronotum very closely punctate, the punctures 
coarse and closely set, the pubescence is dense, long, whitish ; 
antennae glabrous reaching the base of the second abdominal joint, 
all the abdominal segments pitted, the third is finely strigillate, the 
pubescence is long, dense, whitish flavescent, the long pygidial hook 
is red; legs densely hairy. 

Length 5 mm; expanse of wings 8 mm. 

Hab. Bushmanland (Henkries), R. M. Lightfoot. 

Although not actually captured im copuld, the two sexes were 
found together in the above-mentioned locality. 


APTEROGYNA PROCERA, Sp. N. 


2. Antennae, thorax and first abdominal segments red, head, 
abdominal segments, except the first, and legs black, body and legs 
clothed with long greyish hairs, the apical border of the abdominal 
segments have a slightly thicker fringe of whitish hairs which does not 
however form a band. Head deeply, closely and broadly foveate ; 
pronotum quadrate transverse; covered with deep foveae the inter- 


Notes on South African Mutallidae. 353 


vals of which are carinate and longitudinal, on the laterally 
ampliate subaculate mesonotum these carinae are sharper, straighter 
from the base to the apex of the declivity; basal segment covered 
with ovate foveae, second with strong longitudinal carinae reaching 
from apex to base, third carinate from the apex to the median part 
only and the posterior half is smooth, third and fourth sparsely 
punctate, pygidial area closely striolate. 

Length 134 mm. 

Hab. Cape Town, L. Péringuey. 

This species differs from A. climene, Pér. (? globularia, Fabr.) in 
the strongly carinate meso-metanotum; in A. climene the second 
abdominal segment is strigillate, whereas it is carinate in A. procera, 
in which species the carinae do not reach further than half the 
length of the third segment, the posterior half being smooth, whereas 
it is strigillate from apex to base in A. climene. 


APTEROGYNA FODINAE, Sp. 0. 


?. Black, moderately shining, the antennae, thorax, basal joint of 
abdomen ferruginous red, legs sub-rufescent, tarsi sub-flavescent, 
spurs white. Head rounded with eyes moderately large, clothed 
with dense erect sub-flavescent hairs, deeply and irregularly punc- 
tate. Thorax very rugose, pronotum sub-trapezoidal, the transverse 
suture dividing it from the meso-metanotum deep, very con- 
spicuous, meso-metanotum ampliated laterally in the centre in a 
sub-hexagonal shape, very convex, almost gibbose, the whole dorsal 
part is deeply pitted and the intervals raised in seriate longitudinal 
carinae less well defined in the anterior than in the posterior part, 
the surface and the sides are covered with long, greyish hairs; the 
abdomen is clothed with similar hairs, and the apical part of the first 
four segments has a narrow band of appressed white hairs, this 
band being better defined on the second and third, the first segment 
is deeply foveate, the second and third are conspicuously striolate, 
the striolae more raised on the second than on the third, but they 
reach on both from base to apex, upper part of pygidium closely 
striate for all the length ; tibiae not spinose, legs briefly pilose. 

Length 5 mm. 

Hab. Northern Rhodesia (Broken Hill). 


APTEROGYNA BEMBESIA, 0. sp, 


@. Antennae, head with the exception of the frons which is 
fuscous, thorax, first abdominal segment, most of the dorsal part of 


304 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


the second, and the legs brick-red, the other abdominal segments 
black ; tarsi pale red, the spurs whitish. Head of the normal shape 
but somewhat larger than usual, moderately pubescent, the pubes- 
cence is not very dense and does not hide the foveate punctures ; 
pronotum trapezoidal, punctate strigillate, mesonotum ampliate and 
angular laterally, and with several conspicuous strigillate carinae, the 
intervals of which are furrowed and filled with very elongated fossae, 
the thorax is moderately setose; first abdominal segment deeply 
pitted and with an unconspicuous fringe of white hairs, second 
segment strongly punctate in the centre and strigillate, third and 
fourth segments still more closely strigillate, pygidium weakly 
striolate, the apical part of segments 3-4 with a fringe of white 
hairs, thicker on the third and fourth, pygidium densely pubescent 
white. 

Length 4 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bembesi), Bulawayo Museum. 


APTEROGYNA KARROA, 0. Sp. 


2. The description of A. cybele applies to this species, which 
however differs by the sculpture of the second and third abdominal 
segments. In A. cybele they are both distinctly and closely strigil- 
late from apex to base where, as in 4. karroa, the second segment is 
covered with ovate foveae slightly more elongated in the centre than 
on the sides, and the intervals are not strigillate, the same obtains on 
the third segment but there the punctures are smaller and narrower, 
without much raised intervals, and they are somewhat obliterated 
near the posterior edge. 

Length 8-10 mm. 

Hab. Willowmore (Graham’s Town). 

3g. It is the male of this species which I described under the 
name of A.cybele. It is almost identical with the true A. cybele, but in 
the latter the antennae are black, whereas in A. karroa the antennae 
are ferruginous red, the posterior part of the third segment is also 
less plainly strigillate at apex, and the punctures are not quite so 
deep in the three first segments as in A. cybele. I do not know 
A. meniaticornis, ¢, Enderl. 

Length 11-12 mm.; expanse of wings 20 mm. 

Hab. Cape Colony (Willowmore), Dr. H. Brauns. 


APTEROGYNA HENKRIESA, Sp, 0. 


g. Black, with the first abdominal segment red, the antennae and 
legs are light fulvous. Antennae nearly as long as the body, 


Notes on South African Mutillidae. 355 


glabrous, the joints slightly arcuate underneath ; head broader than 
long on the vertex, and the genae very short, deeply foveolate and 
clothed with a long greyish pubescence; prothorax of the normal 
shape, somewhat closely punctate and hairy; first abdominal seg- 
ment deeply pitted, second also deeply pitted but not strigillate 
third sparsely punctate, the punctures somewhat smooth, no trace of 
strigillate strioles, the whole abdomen is densely hairy, the pygidium 
is punctulate, the terminal spine red. Wings hyaline but slightly 
lacteous, the nervures and the stigma fulvescent, tibial spurs 
white. 

Length 5} mm.; expanse of wings 8 mm. 

Hab. Bushmauland (Henkries), R. M. Lightfoot. 

Easily recognized by the great length of the antennae and the non- 
strigillate abdominal segments. 


APTEROGYNA BULAWAYONA, sp. i. 


3. Totally black, antennae sub-ferruginous ; head quadrate, tuber- 
culate on the posterior angle, closely foveolate and clothed with 
dense greyish hairs longer and silky white laterally ; prothorax of the 
normal shape covered with sub-foveolate punctures with narrow 
smooth walls in the anterior part, but deeper and very irregular on 
the metanotum, the whole prothorax covered with long greyish 
setae; abdomen covered with somewhat sparse, greyish hairs, but 
without any pubescent band at the apex of the joints, the first and 
second are covered with large, ovate foveae closely set, the third one 
is strigillate from apex to base, the intervals being more distinctly 
elongate ovate in the basal part, apical hook black ; wings hyaline, 
nervures very pallid, stigma brownish, tibial spurs white. 

Length 7 mm, ; expanse of wings 10 mm. 

Hab. Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo), G. Arnold. 


Gen. METHOCA, Latr. 


METHOCA MOSUTOANA, sp. Nn. 


g. Black, with the mandibles, the palps, the three basal joints of 
the antennae, the tibiae and the basal joint of the tarsi ferruginous 
red. Head opaque, the face very finely striolate logitudinally in the 
centre, labrum not distinctly punctate, beset with long whitish setae, 
lateral space in front of the eyes densely pubescent, the pubescence 
silvery; eyes large very briefly setose, background of vertex 
extremely finely aciculate longitudinally and covered with round, 

28 


356 Annals of the South African Museum. 


equal, pitted punctures separated by an interval nearly equal to their 
diameter, mandibles simple, briefly but somewhat densely hairy, 
scape of antennae shiny, second joint less than half the length of the 
third; the first two dorsal segments of the prothorax slightly longer 
than the third, pronotum longer than broad, dorsal part moderately 
ampliate at apex, covered with closely set fossulate punctures 
replaced laterally on the anterior part by sub-vertical striae, 
mesonotum similarly punctured in the anterior part but less deeply 
in the scutellary region, and with the sides plainly striate vertically, 
metanotum more finely punctate on the whole dorsal part and striate 
only on the sides, all three parts briefly and sparsely setulose, the 
setae greyish and black; abdomen smooth, shiny, concolorous, but 
with the apical joint sub-rufescent, clothed with dense sub-fulvous 
hairs, black on the petiole; legs moderately slender, shiny, clothed 
with short, whitish rigid setae, the intermediate and hind ones with 
a row of conspicuous spines on the upper side, spurs white. 

Length 9 mm. 

Hab. Basutoland (Maseru), Dec. 


( 357 ) 


INDEX. 
A F 
PAGE PAGE 
APTEROGYNA (occ cssstnesemeneceseeenneens 351 | fodine (Apterogyna) ............ 3D3 
argenteiventris (Mutilla) ............... 324 
athis (Dasylabroides) ...........cssee+ 325 
G 
B glauca (Mutilla) ...........seseeeeeeeeee 324 
f | guanda (Mutilla) ..............sessseee 338 
balucka (Dasylabris) ..............6... 330 
baucis (Dasylabroides) .................. 325 
IBARYMUTIDIUAy sccacssesseceeeesesccortess 350 H 
bechuana (Dasylabroides) ............ 326 : , 
beira (Mutilla) .....c.sessscsecssesseonee B36), nebe (Mimi eee a 
bembesia (Apterogyna) .............+ 353 | henkriesa (Apterogyma) .........+..+++ 354 
bizana (Barymutilla) ................. 350 
bokota; (Mutilla)) coc... oo cescsmoesese 337 I 
boschimana (Apterogyna) ............ 352 | 
buingella (Myrmilla) .............++... 333 | idia (Dasylabroides) .............+0++ 324 
bulawayona (Apterogyna) ............ 355 | ilythia (Dasylabroides) ............... 325 
bungana (Myrmilla)...........cs0cee000. $304 inol(Mutilla) ies. c..c-cce.-ceenues cone eae 324 
Cc K 
caffra (Dasylabroides) ............+++++- 324 | kanzala (Mutilla) .............00.--00800 340 
callisto (Mutilla) seteeencneeeeseeseeees 324 karroa (Apterogyna) Rae etna ete des 354 
capensis (Dasy labroides)............++5 323 | katanga (Mutilla) ..........0......0cc00 342 
cassiope (Dasylabroides) ............++- 325 | katonga (Dasylabroides) ..........++.+. 327 
celaeno (Dasylabroides) .............+ 325 
chibunga (Odontomutilla) ............ 347 
chirindana (Mutilla) ...........0...06 324 L 
cinchreis (Mutilla) ..........ceeeeeeeees 324 ; : 
avtheris (Milla eee: 394 | latona (Dasylabroides)...............++. 324 
a $ laverna (Mutilla) .............00+0--0000 324 
leshuma (Odontomutilla) ............ 348 
D liteta, (Muti)... .2.00s-<-e-eeeeeeerse 344 
dalila (Dasylabroides) .............++... 324 
daphne (Mupilla)).cc.s+-----seeecesecte: 324 M 
DASYLABROIDES «......sccecssccsccescesees 326 : 206 
DaSYLABRIS .....-. ceteteeeteeececeetenees 329 Sar CE TEER Raine emnaeay oo 
dumbrodia (Myrmilla)...............++- 325 makanga (Dasylabroides) .........--- 330) 
mamba (Mutilla) ........-..scescseeeees 341 
E manoad (Mutilla).............0...cceeeeee 324 
maputa (Myrmilla) ................5-... 336 
echinata (Myrmilla) ...............+00+0 325 | marcella (Mutilla)................ceeeeeee 324 
egeria (Dasylabroides) ...............0++ 323 | marotsa (Mutilla) .............0s.00-.... O30 
elmira (Barymutilla) .................. 325 | matiesa (Dasylabris) ...............--- 329 


308 
PAGE 

melete (Dasylabroides) ........ sagacec 325 
METH OCAY gieceaentesaesrasccesesteacssclinctecs 355 
moamba (Dasylabroides)............... 329 
mogamba (Dasylabroides) ............ 341 
mosutoana (Methoca) ..........6+....+ 355 
moyana (Mutilla) ...............scesse0 345 
muksinga (Stenomutilla) ............ 331 
BLU TSTUGT AW epee ren reac ct seetesenemce ose 336 
MYVRMELLAL seneccccodascdencessnescecsenaese 332 

N 
mish ( Miurttll a) tecensieitecceeseacenssetiere 343 
namaqua (Myrmilla) ...............06 333 
mrobel(Miynmilla) Mecca acceamcensscr ences 325 
nongwa (Mutilla) ...............0.0s0s.06 345 

O 
obtusa (Barymutilla) .. .............6. 324 
OponTOMUMEOGA seep aesesaececeeceessseeee 346 
agave) ((Barymutilla)e....0....c00-+ ss 325 
(opis Myrna) ecnsecscesteoseesetenees 325 
ovata (Odontomutilla)................4 349 

P 
parca (Barymutilla).............-0--.--- 325 
parva (Mutilla)...............0sscseseeens 324 
pectinidorsis (Mutilla) ............+..... 324 
poe ls (Mittal ai) saeeneeeeco ces ecicisee er 340 | 
penicillata (Mutilla)..................... 324 | 
merce (Miyano a). cectiqeses/eseeeece ers 325 | 


phocia (Myrmilla)..........2.-..es0.-... 325 


Index. 


PAGE 

phyllira (Dasylabroides) ............... 323 

procera (Apterogyna) .................. 352 

psamathe (Mutilla) ..................04. 324 
R 

rhodesia (Apterogyna).................. 351 
8 

salisburiana (Mutilla) ..............060 324 

shikuella (Myrmilla) .................. 334 

spinidorsis (Myrmilla).................. 325 

STENOMUMIEWAN =. fe cecrecssceenesseasea 331 
il 

fakoter(Miutilla ers eee eee 336 

tecmessa (Mutilla) .....0.......02... 00 324 

thaba (Dasylabroides) ............-..++. 328 

tousma (Mutilla) ........-...----22-2+++ 339 
U 

umhlali (Odontomutilla).............++ 346 
Vi 

vatua (Mutilla) .............:.seeeeeeee ees 344 
Y 

yambana (Mutilla) .................-++ 349, 


16.—Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.— 
By K. H. Barnarp, M.A., Assistant. 


(Plates XXVIT.-XXXIX.) 


N.B.—Owing to a regrettable error on the part of 
the printers, pages 325 to 358 in this Volume X. have 
been duplicated, so for purposes of index, &c., the 
pages 325-358 in paper 16 (Crustacea) are distinguished 
by the addition of ‘‘a.” 


example of the results or older methods ot collecting, 1t may be 
mentioned that Krauss, the pioneer of South African Carcinology, 
obtained only 19 specimens of Sphaeromids from Table Bay and 
the Natal coast. 

The remaining 20 species consist of species either hitherto 
incompletely known or not recorded from South African waters. 

Through the kindness of Dr. Lampert, Director of the Stuttgart 
Museum, I have been permitted to examine the specimens of 
Sphaeromids collected by Krauss in 1838-42. The specimens have 
been preserved dry, but otherwise they are in excellent condition 
and leave no doubt as to their identity with the fresh spirit specimens 
at my disposal, The result of this examination has been to exclude 

26a 


358 Index. 


PAGE 
melete (Dasylabroides) ........ oodsaac 325 
METH OCAUco sn tetetneitiensecisecceersccts 355 
moamba (Dasylabroides)...........-... 329 
mogamba (Dasylabroides) ............ 341 
mosutoana (Methoca) ..........66....+ 355 
moyana (Mutilla) ..................0-ee« 345 
muksinga (Stenomutilla) ............ 331 
ROP CHB: Sooesgodscgscoagoo0nONDG0RCH000C080% 336 
NNASHITOWGEN “Aa 5 HordaRotbodoodaobdaHOoOaS GHC 332 
N 
rans; (VOU) Goocesscoboosesocoopadcsoce 343 
namaqua (Myrmilla) ...............00 333 


ninhan /N1— 


PAGE 

phyllira (Dasylabroides) ............... 323 

procera (Apterogyna) ................ 352 

psamathe (Mutilla) .................666 324 
R 

rhodesia (Apterogyna).................. 351 
8 

salisburiana (Mutilla) .............e0668 324 

shikuella (Myrmilla) .................. 334 

spinidorsis (Myrmilla).................. 325 


OG mwees ~--—— 


— 


( 325a ) 


16.—Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.— 
By K. H. Barnarp, M.A., Assistant. 


(Plates XXVII.-XXXIX.) 


3.—ADDITIONS TO THE Marine Isopopa, witH NOTES ON SOME 
PREVIOUSLY INCOMPLETELY KNOWN SPECIES. 


(Plates XXVII.-XXXVIII.) 


THE following paper is the result of the examination of a large 
quantity of Marine Isopods collected at various times partly by the 
Cape Government trawler s.s. ‘Pieter Faure’ and partly by 
members of the staff of the South African Museum. It contains 
descriptions of 8 new genera, 42 new species, and one new variety. 

These numbers, though somewhat surprising, are but evidence of 
the richness of the South African crustacean fauna: a fauna which 
has only in recent years been systematically explored. Even so it 
is safe to say that only the fringe has been touched, and that there 
is still much to be done, especially as regards the minuter forms. 
Of the latter, those described in the following pages come exclusively 
from the littoral region of Table Bay and False Bay. With the 
exception of these two localities and the Natal coast the littoral 
region has been scarcely examined, even superficially. As an 
example of the results of older methods of collecting, it may be 
mentioned that Krauss, the pioneer of South African Carcinology, 
obtained only 19 specimens of Sphaeromids from Table Bay and 
the Natal coast. 

The remaining 25 species consist of species either hitherto 
incompletely known or not recorded from South African waters. 

Through the kindness of Dr. Lampert, Director of the Stuttgart 
Museum, I have been permitted to examine the specimens of 
Sphaeromids collected by Krauss in 1838-42. The specimens have 
been preserved dry, but otherwise they are in excellent condition 
and leave no doubt as to their identity with the fresh spirit specimens 
at my disposal, The result of this examination has been to exclude 

26a 


3260 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


four species included hitherto in the South African fauna and to 
fix the systematic position of the only species described by Krauss 
as new. The following is a list of Krauss’ names with their 
equivalents :— 


Sphaeroma savignit = Dynamenella kraussi, n. sp. 

Sphaeroma macrocephala, Krss. = Dynamenella macrocephala (Krss.). 

Sphaeroma perforata = Parisocladus stimpsoni (Heller), 
n. gen. 

Sphaeroma jurinia = Hxosphaeroma gigas (Leach). 

Sphaeroma tristense = Hxosphaeroma kraussi, Tattersall. 


With regard to the last Tattersall (1913) has already suggested 
that Krauss’ tristense was not Leach’s tristense, and described it as 
a new species. 

Dr. L. von Lorenz, Director of the k.k. naturh. Hofmuseum in 
Vienna, has also very kindly transmitted for my examination the 
Sphaeromids collected by the ‘‘ Novara” expedition in 1857-9 and 
described by Heller. As a result, my identification of S. scabricula, 
Heller, and S. stempsoni, Heller, have been confirmed, as also the 
specific identity of certain Cape specimens with the S. perforata of 
Heller, and also in all probability with the S. perforata of M. 
Edwards. <A few of Heller’s mistakes in regard to S. stumpsoni 
and S. perforata, which have caused trouble to previous workers, 
have been corrected. Hansen’s opinion (1905) that S. integra, 
Heller, should be referred to Isocladus is shown to be correct, and 
at the same time the specific distinctness of S. integra, Heller, and 
S. tristense, Leach. 

In the genus Cymodoce the difficulty of assigning the females to 
their respective males, especially when not taken in the same haul, 
is a recognized drawback to correct classification. In the present 
collection C. acanthiger, wumbonata, and unguiculata, nu. spp., are the 
only species of which both sexes were taken in the same haul. In 
the case of the others the specimens were found to group themselves 
around certain localities ; males being taken in one haul in one place 
and females in another haul not very faraway. Where in such cases 
the males and females show a close agreement in the details of the 
appendages, I have considered it not too great an assumption to 
regard those males and females as belonging to the same species, 
e.g., C. valida, Stebb., africana, n. sp., and comans, n. sp. 

As far as present knowledge goes there seems to be little difference 
between the faunas of Table Bay and False Bay. There is, however, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 327a 


a notable difference in size in Sphaeromids; specimens from the 
(colder) west coast of the Cape Peninsula being larger than those of 
the same species from the (warmer) east coast. 

Throughout the present paper I have adopted the plan of counting 
seven peraeopods, instead of two gnathopods and five peraeopods, in 
the Isopoda Anomala as well as the Isopoda Genuina. 

The types of all the new species are in the South African Museum. 

For answering my inquiries and giving me advice on certain points 
I am under obligations, and wish herewith to express my thanks 
to: Dr. W. T. Calman of the British Museum, Dr. C. Chilton of 
Christchurch, N.Z., Dr. H. J. Hansen of Copenhagen, and Dr. W. M. 
Tattersall of Manchester. To Dr. Lampert and Dr. von Lorenz 
I am especially indebted for entrusting respectively Krauss’ and 
Heller's specimens to me for examination, To my friends Mr. 
J. H. Orton of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Mr. F. W. Edwards 
of the British Museum, and Mr. H. Watson of Cambridge, I wish to 
express my thanks for copying descriptions and tracing figures in 
works otherwise inaccessible to me. 


Faminpy APSKUDIDAE. 


1880. Apseudidae, Sars, Arch. Naturg. Christian. vol. 7, p. 6. 
1910. i Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 14, pt. 1, 
p. 85. (References.) 


Gren. APSEUDES, Leach. 
1814. Apseudes, Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, p. 404. 


1902. 2 Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 48. 

1905. i Richardson, Bull. 0.8. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 37. 

1907. Nobili, Mem. Acc. Torino, ser. 2, vol. 57, p. 411. 

TOM. x Richardson, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. 1911, No. 7, 
p. 618. 

1912, ui id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 42 (1912), p. 583. 

1912. ‘3 id. ibid. vol. 43 (1913), p. 169. 

1913. 56 Hansen, Danish Ingolf-Exp. vol. 3, pt. 3, p. 10. 


APSEUDES DELTOIDES, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXVII. B.) 
Body widest across the carapace which is composed of the head 
and Ist peraeon segment fused. Rostrum triangular with denticu- 
late margins, the denticulations being quadrate and regular near the 


328a Annals of the South African Musewm. 


base, but triangular and irregular apically. Eyes very small, of 5-6 
facets. 

Peraeon segments all equal in length, epimera narrow, only that 
on 2nd segment produced forwards as an acute spine. 

Pleon segments nearly half the length of the peraeon segments, 
the 6th abruptly narrower than 5th, telson as long as broad, shortly 
and obtusely produced between the bases of the uropods, lateral 
margin with one small notch bearing a seta. 

First antenna, Ist joint with 3—4 blunt spines on outer margin and 
3 smaller acute ones on inner margin, 2nd joint rather more than + 
length of 1st, 3rd shorter still, flagellum 12-jointed, accessory flagellum 
6-jointed. 

Second antenna, 2nd joint with large blunt tubercles on inner 
margin (ca. 4 near base and 3 near apex), 3rd, 4th, and dth joints 
much narrower than 2nd, flagellum 7-jointed, scale on end of 2nd 
joint scarcely as long as 3rd joint, with apical setae. 

Mandible, cutting-edge 4-dentate in left, entire in right, secondary 
cutting-edge in left entire, in right more or less bifid, spine-row with 
4-5 spines, molar prominent, curved, palp strong, Ist and 2nd joints 
subequal, 3rd a little shorter, all three especially the 2nd and 8rd 
setose on inner margin. 

First maxilla, outer lobe with ca. 8 spines, inner with 4 setae, with 
2-jointed backwardly directed palp. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle lobes subequal, inner lobe 
broader, rounded. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint stout, not quite as long as broad, inner plate 
quadrate, wider distally with 3-4 teeth on inner margin, 3rd joint 
short, 4th joint stout with 3 strong spines on outer margin, 5th joint 
oval, 6th joint obovate, apex of inner plate and inner margins of 
4th—6th joints setose. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod), 2nd joint subquadrate (3rd absent), 
4th small, triangular, obliquely joined to 5th, which is as long as 2nd, 
6th large and strong, projecting process (thumb) with 3 large teeth 
before the terminal tooth, 7th joint (finger) narrowing rapidly from 
base to apex, slightly curved. No epipod was observed on either of 
the peraeopods. 

Second peraeopod stout, 2nd joint half as long again as wide, outer 
margin dentate and setose, 3rd small, inconspicuous, 4th as long as 
2nd, with 1 spine on both inner and outer apices, 5th shorter with 2 
spines on inner and 1 on outer apex, 6th a little longer than 5th, inner 
margin with 3 strong spines, outer margin with 2, 7th nearly as long 
as 6th, strong, scarcely curved. A small epipod at base of 2nd joint. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 329a 


Third to seventh peraeopods slender, 2nd joint about 3 times as 
long as broad, 3rd very short, 4th and 5th subequal, each with 
2 short spines on inner apex and 1 long one on outer apex (except in 
7th peraeopod, where there are only a few setae on inner margin), 
6th joint in peraeopods 3-6 as long as 4th and 5th together, inner 
margin with 3—4 spines, in 7th peraeopod 6th joint only a little longer 
than 5th and without spines on inner margin, 7th joint nearly as 
long as 6th, slightly curved. 

Five pairs of pleopods with rami nearly twice length of peduncle, 
narrow oblong, setose, uniarticulate. 

Uropods, peduncle equal to length of 6th pleon segment, inner 
ramus twice length of 6th pleon segment and telson together, ca. 
12-jointed, outer ramus one-third length of inner, 2-jointed. 

Length: 4mm.; breadth: 1 mm. 

Colour : In spirit, uniform whitish. 

Locality : Gt. Fish Point Lighthouse N. by W., distant 7 miles, 
49 fathoms. 4/9/01. Onespecimen. s.s.‘‘ Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. 
No, A248.) 

The specific name refers to the shape of the rostrum, which is 
unique in both the genus and thefamily. Although I have succeeded 
in finding an epipod only on the 2nd peraeopod (and that only on the 
one side), I nevertheless assign this species to the genus Apseudes on 
account of the general conformity of its characters, although later it 
may have to be removed to another genus. In the absence of more 
and better material this cannot be done. 


APSEUDES AVICULARIA, Nn. Sp. 
(Plate XXVII. A.) 


Body, especially the anterior portions, with surface finely pitted. 
Head plus Ist peraeon segment longer than broad, smooth except for 
several grooves, rostrum triangular, broader than long, ending in a 
small point, the lateral margins slightly convex; antero-lateral 
angles of head not prominent, the eyes fairly large, well marked, 
black. Peraeon segments 2-7 gradually decreasing in width, their 
dorsal surfaces divided by shallow grooves into 5 low rounded humps, 
becoming less distinct on the posterior segments. Pleon segments 
1-5 short, subequal, only the 5th with a lateral acute projection, 
6th segment not distinct from telson, with a lateral acute projection 
at base and 2 pointed tubercles on upper surface, telson broader than 
long, ending in a stout pointed projection as long as telson and 
curving slightly upwards. 


330a Annals of the South African Museum. 


First antenna, basal joint stout with a few small serrations on 
inner margin, 2nd joint one-third length of 1st, 3rd joint shorter than 
2nd, only 4 joints of the flagellum remaining, accessory flagellum 
2-jointed. 

Second antenna, Ist joint broad, 2nd narrower but equal in length 
to Ist, 3rd joint shortest, 4th and 5th successively longer, flagellum 
3-jointed, 2nd joint longest, 3rd very small, scale on 2nd peduncular 
joint as long as 3rd joint, with 2 apical setae. 

Upper lip with distal margin evenly rounded, epistome with a 
tubercle in centre. 

Lower lip, basal portion broad, the lobe on the exterior distal angle 
ovate, margins minutely setulose, apex acute. 

Mandibles similar to those figured by G. O. Sars for A. spinosus, 
M. Sars, cutting-edge on left mandible quadridentate, on right 
tridentate, secondary cutting-edge on left tridentate, lst joint of 
palp short, 2nd and 3rd subequal, twice as long as Ist. 

First maxilla, outer lobe with 6 spines in pairs, the backwardly 
directed palp with 2 long and 1 short setae (inner lobe lost in 
dissection). 

Second maxilla, all three lobes equal in width. 

Maxillipeds, 2nd joint largest, inner plate distally truncate and 
slightly emarginate, 5th and 6th joints nearly as broad as long, their 
apices broader than their bases, inner margins of inner plate, 4th and 
5th joints, and apex of 6th setose. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod), 2nd joint largest, ovate, (3rd absent) 
4th and dth slender, oblong, 5th longer than 4th, 6th and 7th 
together nearly equal to the 2nd joint, thumb of 6th joint with a 
square projection just before the apex on inner margin, a few setae 
on outer and inner margins, 7th joint evenly curved with a low 
rounded process just before the unguis. 

Second peraeopod, 4th joint with one spine on both outer and 
inner apices, 5th joint with one spine on outer apex and 2 spines on 
inner margin, 6th joint not expanded, with 2 spines on outer apex 
and 4 on inner margin, 7th joint nearly as long as 6th, slightly 
curved. No epipods were observed either on the Ist or 2nd 
peraeopods. 

Remaining peraeopods not very slender, 5th and 6th joints with 
2 small spines on inner margin, 7th joint with a tubercle on inner 
margin before the unguis. 

The number and structure of the pleopods could not be determined 
as they appear to be completely absent, owing probably to an injury 
either before or after capture. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 831a 


Uropods with a short, rather stout peduncle as long as the 
terminal projection of the telson, of the inner ramus only 3 joints 
remain, outer ramus 2-jointed. 

Length : 2°75 mm. 

Colour : Whitish, the eyes black. 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 14/12/13. (K.H.B.) 
Low-tide. One specimen. (S.A.M. No. A2660.) 

The specific name in allusion to the resemblance of the hand of 
the first gnathopod to the avicularia of the Polyzoa, a resemblance 
common to most species of the genus, but especially striking in the 
present species. 

In general shape A. avicularia bears some likeness to A. timaruvia, 
Chilton, and A. multicarinatus, Whitelegge, but the 6th pleon 
segment and telson offer ready marks of distinction, not only from 
the latter two species, but also from all others in the genus. 


Faminy TANAIDAE. 


Gen. TANAIS, Audouin and M. Edwards. 


For references to the family and the genus see Barnard, Ann. 
S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 197. 


TANAIS ANNECTENS, N. sp. 
(Plate X XVII. C.) 


Body smooth and glabrous except for a band of plumose setae on 
the Ist and 2nd pleon segments. Head with 1st peraeon segment a 
little broader than long, anterior margin with a very small median 
projection, eyes well developed, dark. Peraeon segments all equal. 
Pleon consisting of 5 segments, the 4th only half the length of the 
preceding ones, telson broader than long, apex rounded, entire, 
lateral margin with 1 seta. 

First antenna equal to width of head, Ist joint longest, 2nd 4 as 
long as Ist, with apical tuft of long plumose setae, 3rd slender, half 
the length of 1st, 4th minute, apically setose. 

Second antenna equal to length of head, Ist joint with strong setae 
on outer apex, 2nd short, 3rd a little longer than Ist, with long 
apical plumose setae, 4th joint equal to Ist, slender, 5th minute, 
apically setose. 

Upper lip short, broad at base, narrowing rapidly to bluntly 
rounded, setose apex, margins concave. 


332a Annals of the South African Museum. 


Lower lip, outer margin of outer lobes deeply indented, inner 
lobes longer, apices setose. 

Mandibles, apex of left bilobed, one of the lobes distinctly 5- 
dentate, the other entire, apex of right simple, entire, molar 
prominent, denticulate. 

First maxilla, apex with ca. 8 spines and a few subterminal setae, 
backwardly directed palp strongly developed, with 10 long apical 
setae. 

Second maxilla small, triangular, apex rounded, with 1 seta. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint half as long again as broad, with long apical 
setae, 3rd and 4th subequal, both apically setose, 5th broader than 
long, inner margin setose, 6th ovate, equal to 3rd and 4th together, 
inner margin setose, inner plate reaching to middle of 4th joint, 
inner apex with 2 outstanding setae, epipod oval, apex produced into 
a narrow pointed process. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod) similar in both sexes, incisive edge on 
thumb of 6th joint with a strong triangular process near base and a 
less distinct one near apex, 7th joint evenly but not strongly curved. 

Second peraeopod, 2nd joint long and slender, 6th joint slender, 
with straight unguis. 

Third to seventh peraeopods similar to 2nd, but 2nd joint 
becomes gradually stouter, 5th joint slender in 3rd and 4th peraeo- 
pods, stout in 5th, 6th, and 7th, 6th joint small, with minute unguis 
in 3rd and 4th peraeopods, in dth, 6th, and 7th stout, with strong 
hooked unguis, 4th joint in all these peraeopods with 2 rows of stout 
spines, 6 in each, on lower apical surface. 

All three pairs of pleopods, outer margin of smaller branch 
completely fringed with setae. 

Uropods 4-jointed, Ist and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd a little shorter, 
4th still shorter. 

Length: 6mm.; breadth: 1:25 mm. 

Colour: Greyish-white, head, pleon and median line on peraeon 
darker, slate-colour, eyes dark grey-black. 

Locality : Dassen Island. April 1897. (R. M. Lightfoot.) o 3 
and ¢ ? with ova. Butfel’s Bay, False Bay. 28/9/13. (K.H.B.) 
1g. Low-tide. (S.A.M. Nos. A2550 and A2547.) 

This species is intermediate between, and combines the characters 
of T. cavelinii, M. Edw., and T. philetaerus, Stebbing, whence the 
specific name. In the shape of the cephalic segment the present 
species is nearest 7’. cavolini, which it also resembles in having 
several setae on the palp of the first maxilla and a complete fringe 
of setae on the smaller branch of the pleopods. On the other hand, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 333a 


it resembles 7. philetaerus in having 4-jointed uropods and non- 
denticulate ungues on the 5th, 6th, and 7th peraeopods. 


Fammny GNATHIIDAE. 


Gren. GNATHIA, Leach. 


For references to family and genus see Barnard, Ann. §.A. Mus. 
vol. 10, pt. 7, p. 200. 


GNATHIA AFRICANA, Brnrd. 
(Plate XX XVIIT. E.) 


1914. Giathia africana, Barnard, Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 7, 
p. 201, pl. XVII. B (¢ and larva). 


Since the description of the male and the larva was published, 
the female has been discovered. 

Female. Anterior margin of head semicircular, entire. 2nd 
and 38rd peraeon segments short, 4th, 5th and 6th subequal in 
length, indistinctly separated, anterior margin of 4th, postero- 
lateral angles of 5th and posterior margin of 6th pigmented 
and more strongly chitinized. Pleon equal to 6th peraeon 
segment. Telson narrower than in ¢, 2 setae on apex and one 
on lateral margin, just beyond the middle. 

First antenna as in g, but 2nd joint of flagellum as long as 
3rd joint of peduncle. 

Second antenna as in g, but 4th joint of peduncle proportionately 
longer, equal to 2nd and 3rd together. 

Maxilliped. Second joint somewhat produced on inner apical 
angle, so that inner margin of Ist joint of palp is not free, palp 
rather shorter and stouter than in g, outer margin decidedly 
more curved, due to 2nd joint being twice as broad as long, 
4th joint more trangular than in g’, not incurved. 

First peraeopod (gnathopod) composed apparently of 3 joints. 
First joint curved, with prominent spine on outer apical angle, 
2nd joint half Ist and more slender, outer apical angle with an 
acute point and 2 setae, 3rd joint nearly as long as 2nd, 2 setae 
on apex and a row of very fine spinules on outer margin. 
Marsupial plate oval, about same length as gnathopod. 

Rest of the peraeopods as in g, but with minor differences ; 
tubercles only on 4th joint, 5th joint with a strong pectinate spine 
and a simple seta arising together just beyond the middle of inner 


334a Annals of the South African Museum. 


margin, 6th joint with armature similar to that of g but the spines 
all acute. 

Uropods. Both rami extend a little beyond telsoniec apex, inner 
longer than outer, both with long simple setae on outer and inner 
distal margins. 

Length : 3 mm. 

Colour : Whitish, the head, peraeon segments 1 and 2 and the 
strongly chitinized parts of 4, 5, and 6, and the pleon grey. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. 15/2/14. (K.H.B.) 23¢.3, 
22 9 with embryos, and 4 larvae. Sea Point near Cape Town. 
15/11/13. 3 larvae, and 26/2/14. 1 3 and 1 ovigerous 9. 
(K.H.B.) (S.A.M. Nos. A2693, A2611, and A2717 respectively.) 

The original g and larvae were found on Holothurians, but 
both sexes have since been found at St. James living in great 
abundance in the tubes of a species of Serpulid worm encrusting 
the rocks near low-tide. The males are far more numerous than 
the females. They lie in the mouths of the tubes, which they 
just about fill up, with the head projecting. 


Famiry ANTHURIDAH. 
1814. Anthuridae, Leach, Edinb. Encycl. vol. 7, pp. 387-433. 


1886. mf Norman and Stebbing, Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 
vol. 12, p. 119. 

1900. 55 Stebbing in Willey’s Zool. Res. vol. 5, p. 618 
(Synonymy.) 

1905. ‘5 Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 62. 

ot 0? . Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 14, 


pt. 1, p. 90. (References.) 


Gren. CYATHURA, Norman & Stebbing. 
1886. Cyathura, Norman & Stebbing, l.c. pp. 121, 124. 


1893. 73 Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 331. 

1900. me Ide Vexp. Old: 

1904. Z id. Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 2, pt. 5, p. 9. 

1905. a Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 63. 


CYATHURA ESTUARIA, N. Sp. 
(Plate XXVII. D.) 


Body smooth, glabrous. Head as long as broad, half length of 
lst peraeon segment, anterior margin excavate with median pro- 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 335a 


jection not extending beyond the antero-lateral angles, eyes oval, 
black. Peraeon with lst segment longer than the others, segments 
2-5 subequal and a little longer than head, segments 6 and 7 sub- 
equal and rather shorter than preceding segments, anterior margin 
of segments 3-5 (in the large specimen segments 4 and 5) with a 
small pit. Pleon segments 1-5 completely fused, without trace 
of sutures, equal in length to 7th peraeon segment. Telson with 
straight sides, tapering gradually to the bluntly rounded apex, 
margins setose, the apical setae being the longest. 

First antenna as long as head, Ist joint stout, 2nd and 3rd 
slender, 3rd a little shorter than 2nd, flagellum as long as 3rd 
joint, 3-jointed, the 2nd joint by far the longest, 3rd apically 
setose. 

Second antenna rather longer than head, 2nd joint stout and 
twisted, 3rd and 5th subequal, 4th shorter, flagellum apparently 
only 1-jointed, setose. 

Upper lip triangular, the incision nearly in the median line. 

Lower lip, lobes apically truncate, inner apical angle well marked, 
not setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-plate with many fine backwardly directed 
denticulations, molar fairly prominent, palp strong, 1st joint short, 
2nd and 3rd subequal and twice length of Ist, inner margins 
setulose, apex of 3rd with stronger setae. 

First maxilla, apex with one strong spine and 94 smaller 
ones, 

Second maxilla small, triangular, the subacute apex with 
1 seta. 

Maxilliped, Ist joint. distinguishable in the large specimen but 
not in the smaller, 2nd joint longest, 3rd a little shorter, both 
margins setose, the inner setae being the stronger, 4th joint small, 
with 2 strong inwardly directed setae on apex, epipod small, 
rounded. 

First peraeopod, 5th joint narrow, apex pointed and curving 
slightly outwards, with subapical setae, 6th joimt narrow-oval, 
tapering distally, inner margin (palm) with 1 outwardly curving 
tubercular spine and setae in front of and behind this, 7th joint 
slender, reaching to apex of 5th joint. 

Second and third peraeopods, 5th joint small, underriding 6th, 
without any external margin, 6th joint with 1 doubly denticulate 
spine on inner apex, 7th joint with inner margin denticulate. 

Fourth to seventh peraeopods similar to 2nd and 3rd, but 5th 
joint has a short external margin, peraeopod 7 is longer than rest 


336a Annals of the South African Museum. 


and has the 2nd joint broader and both margins of 6th and 7th 
joints denticulate. 

First pleopod with 5 hooked spines on inner apex of peduncle, 
operculate, covering the other pleopods, obovate, the rounded distal 
margin fringed with plumose setae. 

Uropods, lower (inner) ramus as long as telson, 2nd joint as 
long as broad, margins entire, setose; upper (outer) ramus reach- 
ing just beyond apex of 1st joint of lower ramus, ovate, a little 
more than twice as long as broad, apex subacute, margins entire, 
setose. 

Length: 27 mm. and 9 mm.; breadth: 8 mm. and 1 mm. 

Colour: The large specimen in spirit, uniform dirty pink; the 
smaller ones (alive) whitish with brown mottlings on the head, 
peraeon, pleon, and uropods, 

Locality: Buffalo River (Hast London), 2 miles above jetty 
(tidal). One nonovigerous 9 (the large specimen referred to above). 
18/12/98. s.s. ‘Pieter Faure’’; Zwartkops River (Algoa Bay). 
Several immature specimens. May, 1913. (Mrs. Patterson.) 
(S.A.M. Nos. A68 and A2269.) 

Two other species of this genus are known: C. carimata (Kroyer) 
from both sides of the N. Atlantic, and C. pusilla, Stebbing, 1904, 
from Ceylon. The present species comes very near to the former 
and differs only in the following respects: it is narrower in pro- 
portion to its length, 1:9 whereas Miss Richardson gives 1:7 for 
C. carinata ; the 2nd joint of lower ramus of uropod is as broad 
as long, not broader than long; the apex of the 5th joint of Ist 
peraeopod and the tubercle on the palm of 6th joint are more pro- 
minent; and the lower lip is parallel-sided, not suddenly expanded 
at the distal half and the inner angles of the lobes are rect- 
angular not rounded (cf. figure in Norman and Stebbing, pl. 27, 
fig. 3 lbi.). 

C. pusilla is easily separated from both the other species in that 
it has the 6th peraeon segment longer than the 7th and is without 
eyes. 


EXANTHURA, n. g. 


Very near to Cyathwra, but differing in having the flagella of Ist 
and 2nd antennae well developed. Maxilliped 4-jointed (including 
basal joint), mandible with obsolete molar and 3rd joint of palp 
shorter than 2nd, flagellum of Ist and 2nd antennae well 
developed, Ist peraeopod subchelate, other peraeopods ambulatory, 
pleon segments with distinct sutures, 1st pleopods opercular. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 337a 


EXANTHURA MACRURA, 0. Sp. 
(Plate XXVIII. A.) 


Body narrow, smooth, glabrous. Head a little longer than broad, 
with small median projection, eyes oval, prominent. Peraeon 
segments flat dorsally, with a pit in the middle (not on the anterior 
margin) of segments 4-6, ventrally keeled, 1st segment a little longer 
than head, segments 2 and 3 subequal, a little longer than Ist, 
segments 4 and 5 subequal, segments 6 and 7 shorter, posterior 
segments wider than the anterior ones. 

Pleon segments 1-5 as long as 6th peraeon segment, but broader 
than any of the peraeon segments, fused but the sutures distinct. 
Telson very long (5 mm. or nearly one-quarter the total length 
of the animal), equal to peraeon segments 5-7 together, rather 
spatulate, broader distally than basally, distal margin truncate, 
postero-lateral angles obtuse, with short plumose setae. 

First antenna, Ist joint largest, with a large triangular recurved 
process on outer margin, 2nd and 3rd together equal to 1st, flagellum 
as long as peduncle, 9-jointed, Ist joint short. 

Second antenna, 2nd joint largest, twisted and hollowed for the 
reception of Ist antenna, 3rd and 4th subequal, dth nearly equal 
to 3rd and 4th together, flagellum a httle longer than 5th peduncular 
joint, 6-jointed, 3rd-5th joints of peduncle and whole of flagellum 
sparsely setose. 

Upper lip triangular, distal margin cleft. 

Lower lip, lobes with a small point on inner apical angle. 

Mandibles, cutting edge entire, cutting-plate with a feebly convex 
margin, not toothed but with a series of blunt tubercles, molar nearly 
obsolete, palp with 2nd joint half as long as Ist, 3rd subequal to 1st, 
setose. 

First maxilla 6-toothed. 

Second maxilla small, narrow, apex with 2 setules. 

Maxilliped 4-jointed, Ist joint distinct, 2nd and 3rd stout, sub- 
equal, 4th rounded, apex with a few setules, epipod oval, a little more 
than half length of 2nd joint. 

First peraeopod, inner apex of 2nd joint produced into an 
obtuse projection, 6th elongate and much produced backwards, 
palm short, with scattered setae, the basal half forming a rounded 
lobe, 7th joint reaching to middle of lobe on palm, unguis to middle 
of 5th joint, which is apically setose. 

Second and third peraeopods, 2nd and 8rd joints subequal, 5th 
underriding 6th, which is parallel-sided with a short, stout spine on 
inner apex. 


3380 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Fourth to seventh peraeopods similar to 2nd and 3rd, but 5th joint 
not underriding 6th, apex of 5th and 6th each with 2 spines, 7th not 
appreciably shorter or more slender than preceding ones. 

First pleopod very large, 6 mm. long, opercular, covering the other 
pleopods, margins densely fringed. with plumose setae. 

The other pleopods small, 3 mm. long, lanceolate. 

Uropods, inner ramus large, nearly as long as telson, increasing in 
width distally, 2nd joint almost as long as Ist, apex obliquely trun- 
cate, with short plumose setae, outer ramus reaching to outer distal 
angle of 2nd joint of inner ramus, lanceolate, twice as long as broad, 
inner margin straight, outer convex and rather angular, with plumose 
setae. 

Length: 22 mm.; breadth: 1st peraeon segment 1:25 mm., 
7th peraeon segment 2 mm. 

Colour: Whitish with brown mottling on head and peraeon seg- 
ments, a well-marked dark spot behind each of the pits on 4th—6th 
segments. 

Locality : Sea Point near Cape Town. 12/1/14. (K.H.B.) 19. 
(S.A.M. No. A2667.) 


Gen. ANTHELURA, Norman & Stebbing. 


1886. Anthelura, Norman & Stebbing, Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, 
pp. 121, 126. 

1893. sf Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 331. 

1905. 3 Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 68. 


ANTHELURA REMIPES, DN. sp. 
(Plate XXVIII. B.) 


Body long and very narrow, smooth, glabrous. Head longer than 
broad, 2 length of Ist peraeon segment, anterior margin rather 
deeply excavated on either side of the median projection, which 
scarcely reaches to the level of the antero-lateral angles, eyes 
absent. 

Peraeon keeled ventrally, segments 1-3 and 7 subequal, segments 
4 and 5 subequal and longer than preceding segments, segment 6 
intermediate in length, segments 6 and 7 with a broad shallow 
impression on the posterior part. 

Pleon segments 1-6 nearly as long as peraeon segment 7, fused, 
the sutures visible only at the sides, 5th segment a little longer than 
the others, telson thick and convex above, distal third narrowing 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 339a 


rapidly to the subacute apex, which bears two bunches of long setae, 
4 in each, margins entire with fine scattered setules. 

First antenna not quite as long as head, 1st joint stout, twice 
as long as broad, outer margin with long setae, 2nd shorter than 3rd, 
outer apex of 3rd with 2 long setae, flagellum ? length of Ist ped- 
uncular joint, 7-jointed, 1st joint very wide and short, appearing 
like a 4th joint of the peduncle, 2nd longest, rest decreasing gradu- 
ally, apex setose. 

Second antenna as long as head, 1st joint short, 2nd swollen and 
hollow on one side, 3rd and 4th subequal, 4 length of 2nd, 5th a 
little longer, flagellum equal to 5th peduncular joint, 6-jointed, but 
only the Ist is really distinct, the rest minute and setose. 

Upper lip triangular, cleft symmetrical, apices with small stout 
spines. 

Lower lip, lobes broad, apically truncate, inner angles with 2 
recurved spines and a few setules, rounded outer angles with a tuft 
of setae. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge tridentate, cutting-plate with ca. 12 
blunt teeth, molar prominent, palp rather slender, Ist joint 4 length 
of 2nd, 38rd only 4 length of 1st and very slender, with 3-4 apical 
spines. 

First maxilla rather stout, apically bent, 1 strong and 5 smaller 
apical teeth. 

Second maxiila very small, stout, triangular, with 2 apical setae. 

Maxilliped, 1st joint distinct, 2nd short and broad, inner plate well 
developed, half the length of 2nd, apically rounded, with a few 
marginal setae, 3rd joint short, 4th nearly as long as 2nd, distal 
margin oblique, 5th small with 1 spine and 3 apical setae; there is 
very minute 6th joint with 3 apical setae, but it is doubtful if it 
is really separate from the 5th joint. Epipod subcircular, nearly 
reaching apex of 2nd joint. 

First peraeopod stout, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, 4th short, 
outer margin angular, 5th twice length of 4th, completely under- 
riding 6th, inner apex produced into a blunt lobe, inner margin 
of 5th with small square pellucid plates set closely together, but 
interrupted in places by long setae, on the apical lobe these plates 
are finely fimbriate at the edges, 6th joint elongate oval, tapering 
rapidly distally, palm straight, setose, 7th joint shorter than palm, 
bearing a stout unguis as long as itself and reaching to the apical 
lobe of 5th joint. 

Second and third peraeopods, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, 4th 
half as long, distally produced on outer margin, 5th underriding 6th, 


340a Annals of the South African Museum. 


inner margin convex with 1 apical spine, 6th ¢ length of 3rd, only 
half as long again as broad, parallelogram-shaped, palm straight with 
1 apical spine, 7th joint as long as palm, unguis short and stout, 
inner margins of 3rd—6th joints with long setae. 

Fourth to sixth peraeopods more slender than the 2nd and 3rd 
peraeopods, 2nd and 38rd joints subequal, 4th and 5th subequal, 
2 length of 3rd, half as long again as broad, 5th with a large spine 
at base and another at apex, each spine bearing a cilium near its 
end, 6th joint nearly as long as 5th, but only half as wide, apex with 
1 stout and several smaller, serrulate spines, 7th joint half the 
length of 6th, slender, unguis small, with a tuft of setae in place of 
the secondary unguis, inner margins of 3rd—6th joints with long 
setae. 

Seventh peraeopod longer and more slender than the preceding 
peraeopods, 2nd joint a little longer than 3rd, 4th and 5th subequal, 
twice as long as broad, 6th as long as 5th, slender, 7th half length 
of 6th. 

First and second pleopods with 4 hooked spines on inner apex of 
peduncle, Ist pleopod opercular, outer ramus ovate, Inner margin 
straight, inner ramus 3 length and 4 width of outer; 2nd pleopod ( ¢ ) 
narrower, rami subequal, obscurely 2-jointed. 

Uropods, inner ramus reaching to end of telson, both joints sub- 
equal, longer than broad, margins entire, inner apical margin of Ist 
joint setose, apex of 2nd joint with very long setae chiefly on outer 
distal margin; outer ramus transversely ovate, twice as broad as 
long, margins entire, setose. 

Length: 30 mm.; breadth: 2 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, dull grey-brown. 

Locality: Lion’s Head SE. 4 E., distant 42 miles (off Cape 
Peninsula). 156 fathoms. 13/3/00. 1 nonovigerous ?. s.s. ‘ Pieter 
Faure.” (8.A.M. No. Ad8.) 


Gren. APANTHURA, Stebbing. 


1900. Apanthura, Stebbing in Willey’s Zool. Res. vol. 5. p. 621. 
1910. Pa id. Tr: Ginn, Soc: Lond. Zool, vol 14 pt. 
p. 93. 


APANTHURA AFRICANA, 0. Sp. 
(Plate XXVIII. C.) 


Body very narrow in proportion to length. Head half length of 
1st peraeon segment, longer than broad, eyes absent. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 341a 


Peraeon segments 1 and 4-6 longest, subequal, 2, 3, and 7 also 
subequal, all segments ventrally keeled. 

Pleon segments 1-5 equal to 7th peraeon segment, fused, the sutures 
distinct, telson ovate, nearly twice as long as broad, tapering to an 
acute apex with ca. 4 apical setae. 

First antenna, 1st joint slender, not swollen, 2nd + length of 1st, 
3rd $ length of Ist, flagellum equal to 3rd peduncular joint, 1st joint 
very small, 2nd longest, 3rd minute, setose. 

Second antenna, dth joint slightly longer than 3rd and 4th, which 
are subequal, flagellum equal to 4th joint, obscurely 3-jointed, apex 
setose. 

Upper lip symmetrically cleft, apices spinulose. 

Lower lip, lobes not very broad, outer margin setose, apices with 
a small point. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge indistinctly bidentate, cutting-plate 5- 
dentate, molar fairly prominent, palp with 2nd joint longer than 1st, 
3rd shorter than Ist, apex with 3-4 setae. 

First maxilla normal. Second maxilla minute with 1 apical 
seta. 

Maxilliped, Ist joint indistinguishable, 3rd short, 4th a little 
shorter than 2nd, 5th small with 3-4 apical setae, no inner plate 
visible, epipod small, oval. 

First peraeopod, 5th joint apically produced, setose on inner 
margin, 6th ovate, palm with distal half abruptly excavate, setose, 
7th joint short and stout, reaching half-way along palm, unguis 
short and very stout. 

Second and third peraeopods, 2nd joint longest, 5th completely 
underriding 6th, its apex truncate, setose, 6th stout, inner margin 
setose and beset with regular denticulations, which under a high 
power are seen to be fimbriate, 1 apical serrulate and ciliate 
spine. 

Fourth to sixth peraeopods similar, but 5th joint not completely 
underriding 6th, with an apical spine. 

Seventh peraeopods, both incomplete in the single specimen. 

First pleopod with 6 hooked spines on inner apex of peduncle. 

Uropods, inner ramus a little longer than telson, narrow, 2nd 
joint shorter than Ist, half as long again as broad, apex subacute, 
outer margin setulose ; outer ramus a little longer than Ist joint of 
inner ramus, obliquely ovate, inner margin setose, distally emar- 
ginate. 

Length: 17 mm.; breadth: 1:5 mm, 

Colour: In spirit, dirty pink. 

274 


3420 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Locality : Paternoster Point SE 3 §8., distant 9 miles (off Saldanha 
Bay). 80 fathoms. 17/3/02. 1 nonovigerous ?. ss. “ Pieter 
Faure.” (S.A.M. No. A63.) 


APANTHURA DUBIA, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXVIII. D.) 


Body very narrow. Head two-thirds length of 1st peraeon segment, 
eyes small, round, black. Peraeon segments decreasing slightly in 
length posteriorly, the 7th shortest. Pleon segments 1-5 equal to 
7th peraeon segment, fused but with sutures distinct at least at the 
sides. Telson twice as long as broad, ovate, apex subacute, setose. 

First antenna, Ist joint not twice length of 2nd, flagellum 
3-jointed. 

Second antenna, 5th joint a little longer than 3rd or 4th, 
which are subequal, flagellum 1-jointed setose, possibly 2-jointed but 
suture hidden by setae. 

Mouth parts as in A. africana, but epipod of maxillipeds larger. 

First peraeopod, 5th joint not apically produced, 6th joint 
narrow ovate, palm straight, setose, with a small subacute lobe 
at base. 

Second and third peraeopods, 5th joint completely underriding 
6th, apical spine on 6th joint strong, inner margin apparently 
without the fimbriate denticulations seen in dA. africana. 

Seventh peraeopod more slender than preceding peraeopods, dth 
joint not underriding 6th, inner margin of 6th joint spinulose, 
both margins of 7th joint spinulose. 

First pleopod, inner angle of peduncle with 3 hooked spines. 

Uropods, lower ramus a little longer than telson, 2nd joint 
nearly as long as Ist, twice as long as broad, apex rounded, apex 
and outer margin setose ; upper ramus a little longer than Ist joint 
of lower ramus, apically indented, all margins setose. 

Length: 10 mm.; breadth: 1 mm. 

Colour: Yellowish-white, head and peraeon segments with a 
triangular group of more or less confluent grey spots, on the head 
and first three segments the base of the triangle is on the anterior 
margin, but on the four posterior segments on the posterior margin ; 
eyes black. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.) April, 
1901. 2 29. Low-tide under stones. (S.A.M. No. 8826.) 

This may possibly be identical with Anthura laevigata, Stimpson, 
although it does not agree in having the “first three pairs of legs 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 348a 


stout, with equal, sub-cheliform hands.’ Nor are the “eyes red.” 
The description of the abdomen, however, agrees well, and the ‘‘ few 
crimson spots on the extremities’ of the body might be construed 
in harmony with the colouration of the present species. Hilgendorf 
(Monatsber. Berl. Ak. Wiss. 1878, p. 847), refers Stimpson’s 
A, laevigata and A. punctata to the genus Paranthura. 

It is also very near to Apanthura sandalensis, Stebbing (Willey’s 
Zool. Res. pt. 5, p. 621, pl. 65 A.), from the Loyalty Islands. In fact 
the only difference is that A. dubia has the inner apex of 5th joint of 
first peraeopod (gnathopod) bluntly truncated and a pointed lobe at 
base of the palm of 6th joint, whereas in A. sandalensis the apex of 
oth joint is pointed and the palm is plain. In A. dubia the lateral 
margins of the telson are proximately slightly concave, in A. sandal- 
ensis straight ; but this is hardly a point of importance. 


MESANTHURA, n. g. 


Very near Apanthura but distinguished by the complete fusion of 
the pleon segments without any trace of segmentation, and the man- 
dibular palp having the 3rd joint longer than Ist. 

Maxilliped 5-jointed (including basal joint). 

Peraeopods 4-7 with dth joint underriding 6th as in anterior 
peraeopods, but not to such an extent. 

Flagellum of 1st antenna in 3 enlarged, multiarticulate, densely 
setose, in ? rudimentary. 

Flagellum of 2nd antenna rudimentary in both sexes. 


MESANTHURA CATENULA (Stimpson). 
(Plate X XIX. A.) 
1855. Anthura catenula, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 


vol. 7,0: 390: 

1887. 7 fe Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, p. 143 
(note). 

LOLO: FA mA Stebbing, Gen. Cat. §.A. Crust. p. 420. 


Body smooth, glabrous. Head # length of 1st peraeon segment, 
anterior margin excavate, with the median process not extending 
beyond the antero-lateral angles; eyes oval, black. Peraeon seg- 
ments subequal. Pleon segments 1-5 completely fused in both 
sexes, the only indication of the composite nature being very faint 
lines of pigment, no trace of any grooves. Telson with slightly 
sinuous sides, apex subacute, rounded, setose, 


3440 Annals of the South African Museum. 


First antenna, Ist joint longest, 3rd shorter than 2nd in 3, 2nd 
shorter than 3rd in ?, flagellum in g enlarged, reaching to posterior 
margin of head, twice as long as peduncle, composed of 1 basal joint 
and ca. 12 coalesced joints densely setose, in 9 as long as 2nd and 
3rd peduncular joints together, apparently only 2-jointed, apex setose, 
Beddard incidentally gives the number of flagellar joints, in speci- 
mens which he assigns to this species, as 12-14 in g and 3-4 in 2. 

Second antenna longer than Ist antenna in 2, Ist joint smaller 
than 2nd, which is not strongly twisted or hollowed, 3rd and 4th 
subequal, 5th equal to 3rd and 4th together, flagellum 3 jointed, 
about equal to 5th peduncular joint, in @ Ist joint largest, 2nd and 
3rd setose, in g Ist strongly setose, 2nd longest, without setae, 3rd 
short, with 2—3 apical setae. 

Upper lip symmetrically cleft. 

Lower lip, lobes with a small point on inner apical angle, outer 
margin setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge apparently entire, cutting-plate with 6 
denticulations, molar stronger in left, almost obsolete in right, palp 
strong, Ist joint short, 3rd joint a little more than half length of 
2nd, setose. 

First maxilla with 1 large and 5 smaller apical teeth. 

Second maxilla conical, apex acute. 

Maxilliped consisting of 5 joints, Ist small but distinct, 2nd longest, 
3rd shortest, 4th nearly as long as 2nd, 5th equal to 3rd, apically 
rounded, suture between 4th and dth oblique. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint equal to 6th, 5th triangular, its apex 
prominent, truncate, setose, 6th joint large, oval, palm distally emar- 
ginate, the proximal half setose, 7th joint fitting into the emargina- 
tion of palm, unguis as long as 7th joint and slightly overlapping 
apex of dth. 

Second and third peraeopods, 3rd joint longer than 2nd, 5th 
underriding 6th, which has a stout spine on inner apex and fine 
spinules along the inner margin. 

Fourth to seventh peraeopods, rather longer than the anterior 
peraeopods, 4th joint longer and more slender, 5th triangular, with 
1 spine on inner apex, to some extent underriding 6th. 

First pleopod opercular, inner apex of peduncle with 6 hooked 
setae, covering ramus obovate, distal margin rounded, strongly setose, 
concealed ramus narrow tapering, not as long as and basally only 
half the width of covering ramus. 

Second pleopod g, rami equal, apically rounded, male stylet a 
little longer than rami, slightly thickened at apex. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 345a 


Uropods, inner ramus as long as telson, 2nd joint longer than 
broad, apex rounded, setose, inner distal margin serrulate, outer 
ramus reaching to just beyond apex of Lst joint of inner ramus, apex 
strongly indented, outer margin serrulate and densely setose. 

Length ; Up to 20 mm. 

Colour : The very distinctive markings have been well described 
by Stimpson. The pleon has a black band on its posterior half; the 
6th segment is white, telson black, outer ramus of uropods black 
with white apex, inner ramus with both joints black at base, white 
at apex. 

Locality : Kalk Bay and St. James, False Bay (R. M. Lightfoot, 
Dr. W. F. Purcell, K.H.B.); Sea Point, near Cape Town. 26/2/14. 
(K.H.B.) 2juv. (8.A.M. Nos. 8825, A250, A2106 and A2719.) 

Stimpson’s specimens were from Simon’s Bay in False Bay. 


Gen. LEPTANTHURA, G. O. Sars. 


1897. Leptanthura, G. O. Sars, Crust. Norway, vol. 2, p. 47. 

1910. Pe Hodgson, Nat. Ant. Exp. vol. 5, p. 8. 

OAS He Richardson, Bull. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. 1911, No. 7, 
p. 022. 


LEPTANTHURA FAUREI, N. sp. 
(Plate XXIX. B.) 

Body slightly punctate, otherwise smooth, glabrous. Head a 
little broader than long, 2 length of Ist peraeon segment, with 
small median rostrum and rounded antero-lateral angles, eyes 
absent. 

Peraeon segments ventrally keeled, the anterior ones more strongly 
so than the posterior ones, 2nd and 3rd segments subequal, a little 
longer than Ist, 4th, 5th, and 6th subequal and longer than 3rd, 
7th equal to Ist. 

Pleon segments united in both sexes, with distinct sutures, 5th 
segment twice length of any of the preceding, segments 1-5 together 
equal to 7th peraeon segment. Telson broad, apex rounded with 
small median notch, in which are situated 4 setae. 

First antenna reaching to middle of Ist peraeon segment in 3’, in 
? to posterior margin of head, Ist joint stout, 2nd and 3rd subequal 
in 2, 3rd a little longer than 2nd in g, flagellum in g 21-jointed, 
twice as long as peduncle, first 2 joints triangular, remainder 
densely setose, in ? 3-jointed, 1st joint much the longest, apex 
setose. 


3460 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Second antenna, 3rd and 5th joints subequal, 4th a little shorter, 
flagellum equal to last peduncular joint, obscurely 3-jointed, 
flagellum and all peduncular joints except Ist apically setose. 

Upper lip tapering to the blunt apex, sides concave, distal one- 
quarter abruptly narrowed. 

Lower lip with the lobes long and narrow, tapering to fine acute 
apices, outer margins rather densely setose. 

Mandibles elongate, triangular, with acute piercing apex, palp 
stout, 2nd joint thrice as long as Ist, 3rd shorter than Ist, with 
2 apical pectinate setae. 

First maxilla long, very narrow, apex serrulate on inner margin. 

Maxilliped, Ist joint indistinguishable, 2nd 34 times as long as 3rd 
joint which is obliquely bevelled off on the outer margin to the acute, 
setiferous apex, 4th joint barely distinguishable, inner apex of 2nd 
joint with 4 long setae. 

First peraeopod, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, 24 times as long as 
wide, both margins of 3rd setose, 4th short but wide, basal margin 
semicircular, 5th joint with 6 serrate spines and long setae on inner 
margin, 6th joint oval, produced at base of palm into a strong 
tubercle bearing a serrulate spine on its apex, palm slightly convex, 
with serrulate spines and short apically recurved setae, 7th joint 
stout, abutting on tubercle at base of palm, inner margin with 
regularly spaced groups of short stout setae, unguis snort; tubercle 
at base of palm not nearly so prominent in °. 

Second and third peraeopods similar to first, but not quite so 
stout, 4th joint not so broad in comparison with its length, inner 
margin of 5th joint with only 2 spines, no tubercle at base of palm 
of 6th joint, outer margin of 6th strongly setose, 7th joint pro- 
portionately longer. 

Fourth to seventh peraeopods, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, 3rd 
setose on both margins, 4th joint about half the length of 3rd, inner 
margin and outer apex setose, 5th underriding 6th, inner margin 
with 2 spines and long setae, 6th equal to 4th and 5th together, 
inner margin with 4 spines and setae. The spines on the 5th and 
6th joints are of the ciliate type described by Norman & Stebbing 
(Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. 12, p. 131) in Paranthura tenuis, G. O. Sars 
(= Leptanthura tenuis, G. O. Sars). 

First pleopod with 4 hooked setae on inner apex of peduncle, outer 
ramus covering inner ramus and the other pleopods, ovate, inner 
ramus nearly as long as outer and half as wide, both rami apically 
setose. 

Second pleopod, rami subequal, apices rounded, with indications 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 347a 


of a suture about 2 from base, male stylet arising half-way along 
inner margin, slender, nearly straight, apex reaching to end of ramus, 
incurved., 

Uropods, inner ramus extending a little beyond telsonic apex, 
2nd joint longer than broad, apex bluntly acute, margins not 
crenulate, outer margin and base of inner setose; outer ramus ex- 
tending a little beyond apex of Ist joint of inner ramus, as broad as 
long, apically indented, margins neither crenulate nor densely 
setose, the two rami arching over telson and meeting in the middle 
line. 

Length: 3 26 mm., ovigerous 9 19 mm.; breadth: g 2 mm., 
@ 1:5 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, uniform pinkish. 

Locality: 33° 652' §. 25° 50’ HK. (Algoa Bay). 25 fathoms. 
8/12/98. 1 ¢ ; 33° 3' 8S. 27° 57' EH. (off Hast London). 32 fathoms. 
28/12/98. 2 33,4992; Umblangakulu River mouth NW. by W., 
distant 7 miles. 50 fathoms. 14/3/01. 1 g,1 ovigerous ?, and 
5 immature; Cove Rock N. 2 E., distant 5 miles. 43 fathoms. 
2/8/01. 2 93,1 9, and 3 immature; Keiskamma Point NE. by 
K., distant 5 miles. 33 fathoms. 27/8/01. 1 9. s.s. ‘“ Pieter 
Faure.” (S.A.M. Nos. A64, A60, A61, A57, and A62 respectively.) 

Named after the Cape Government trawler which collected the 
specimens. 

The only other species of the genus are: L. tenuis (G. O. Sars), 
1872 (=the Paranthura tenwis of Norman & Stebbing), L. glacialis, 
Hodgson, 1910, and Z. truncata, Richardson, 1911. 


Gen. PARANTHURA, Bate & Westwood. 
1866. Paranthura, Bate & Westwood, Brit. Sessile-eyed Crust. 


vol. 2, p. 163. 

1870. es Dohrn, Unters. iiber Bau u. Entwick. d. Arthrop. 
pa Oe 

1886. F Norman & Stebbing, Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 
vol. 12, pp. 122, 129. 

1886. 3 Beddard, Chall. Rep. vol. 17, p. 143. 

1893. a Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 332. 

1900. +3 id. in Willey’s Zool. Res. v. p. 622. 

1901. 5 Whitelegge, Sci. Res. ‘‘ Thetis,” p. 216. 

1905. 5 Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, 
pp. 63, 75. 


1910. i id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 37, p. 77. 


348a Annals of the South African Museum. 


PARANTHURA PUNCTATA (Stimpson). 
(Plate X XIX. C.) 
1855. Anthura punctata, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol. 7, 


p. 392. 

1878. Paranthura ,, Hilgendorf. Monatsber. Berl. Ak. Wiss. 
1878, p. 847. 

1910. Anthura ,,  Stebbing, Gen, Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 419. 


Body smooth, glabrous, narrower in front than behind. Head as 
broad as long in @ (a little longer than broad in other specimens, 
which may be young ¢ 3), 2 length of Ist peraeon segment, eyes 
large, round. 

Perazon keeled ventrally, lst segment longer than either 2nd or 
3rd, which are subequal, 4th and Sth subequal, longer than 1st, 6th 
equal to 2nd, 7th half the length of 6th. 

Pleon segments 1-5 equal to 7th peraeon segment, fused, with 
distinct sutures. Telson gently tapering to subacute, densely setose, 
apex. 

First antenna as long as head, Ist joint 25 times as long as 
broad, not swollen, 3rd joint a little longer than 2nd, flagellum as 
long as peduncle, 6-jointed, all the joints apically setose. 

Second antenna longer than head, 3rd and 4th joints subequal, 
5th a little longer, flagellum equal to 5th peduncular joint, con- 
sisting of 1 stout setose joint and 1 or 2 minute, obscure, terminal 
joints concealed in setae. 

Upper lip tapering, distal quarter suddenly narrowed, apex blunt. 

Lower lip, apices of the lobes pointed, entire, outer distal margin 
setose. 

Mandibles slender, palp strong, 1st joint shortest, 3rd $# length of 
2nd, with apical and marginal spines, inner apex of 2nd with 3 
outstanding setae. 

First maxilla normal. 

Maxilliped, 1st joint indistinct, 2nd not more than 4 times as 
iong as broad, apex without setae, 3rd joint almost as long as 2nd, 
apex pointed, setose, a very minute setiferous 4th joint, epipod 
small, oval. 

First peraeopod, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, basal margin of 4th 
semicircular, outer apex acute, setose, 6th joint oval with pro- 
minent acute tubercle, without spine at base of palm, palm slightly 
convex, setiferous, without spines, 7th joint rather slender, without 
groups of setae on inner margin. 

Second and third peraeopods, 4th joint short, nearly twice as 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 349a 


broad as long, produced externally, 6th joint elongate, oval, palm 
Straight with 6 strong spines and a few setules. 

Fourth to sixth peraeopods, 5th joint not underriding 6th, inner 
apex produced into a small lobe, inner margin of 6th with 2 spines 
near base and | at apex. 

Seventh peraeopod, 5th joint not apically produced, inner margin 
with 4 spines, increasing in size distally, 6th joint with 3 spines on 
inner margin and | at apex. 

First pleopod with 4 hooked setae on inner apex of peduncle, 
inner ramus very narrow, only + width of outer ramus, which 
conceals both inner ramus and the other pleopods. 

Uropods, inner ramus a little longer than telson, 2nd joint shorter 
and narrower than 1st joint, apex rounded, apex and outer margin 
setose ; outer ramus scarcely broader than Ist joint of inner ramus, 
lanceolate, margins feebly crenulate, setose. 

Length: g 16 mm., @ with embryos 13 mm.; breadth: 3 
1-25 mm; 2 1 mie 

Colour : In spirit, uniform whitish or dull pinkish, eyes dark red. 

Locality: Umblangakulu River mouth NW. by W., distant 7 
miles. 50 fathoms. 14/3/01. 1 immature; Cape Morgan N. $4 W., 
distant 10 miles. 77 fathoms. 26/7/01. 1 immature g ; Cove Rock 
NW. 2 W., distant 13 miles. 80 fathoms. 30/7/01. 1 2 with 
embryos. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.’ (S.A.M. Nos. A2555, A59, and 
A56 respectively.) 

I should not have ventured to assign the above specimens to 
Stimpson’s A. punctata, had not specimens been obtained from 
Table Bay (Sea Point, near Cape Town. 16/11/13. (K.H.B.) 3 im- 
mature. Low-tide. S.A.M. No. A2612), which, while agreeing 
structurally with the above specimens, answer very closely to 
Stimpson’s description of the colour of the species in question. 
These Sea Point specimens are whitish, with minute black puncta- 
tions, causing the upper surface to appear grey, with the eyes black. 

The only points in which they differ from the above description 
are: the flagellum of the first antenna has only 4 joints and the Ist 
peduncular joint is stouter, not more than twice as long as broad; 
the mandibles also are stouter, the trunk not so pointed and the 
palp shorter, the 3rd joint not more than half the-length of the 2nd 
joint, with fewer setae. 

These differences between the littoral and deeper water specimens 
may well be ascribed to habitat, and ‘consequently }both may be 
identified with Stimpson’s species; at any rate until specimens are 
obtained from his locality (Simon’s Bay in False Bay), 


350a Annals of the South African Museum. 


Famiry HURYDICIDAE. 


1905. Hurydicidae, Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. 
Suppl. Rep. 23, p. 10. 
1908. He id. S.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 45. 


Gen. HKURYDICH, Leach. 


1815. Hurydice, Leach, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 11, p. 370. 
1820. i Hansen, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 362. 


1905. ie id. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 29, pp. 340, 356. 

1905. 7 Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 123. 

1910. Me Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 14, pt. 1, 
je e)5y 


HURYDICE LONGICORNIS (Studer). 


1883. Cirolana longicornis, Studer, Abh. K. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1882, 
p. 28, pl. 2, figs. 15 a-c. 


1890. Hurydice ys Hansen, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. ser. 6, 
vol. 5, p. 375. 
LOO: a ‘5 Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 421. 


Since this species is only known from Studer's brief, yet for 
purposes of identification quite sufficient, description, the details of 
the appendages may here be given. 

First antenna with 5-jointed flagellum, the 1st joint much the 
longest, equal to the Ist peduncular joint. 

Second antenna with 4-jointed peduncle, Studer having evidently 
overlooked the short Ist joint, 4th joint equal to 2nd and 3rd 
together, flagellum ca. 24-jointed. 

Upper lip transverse, twice as broad as long, clypeus triangular 
with a projecting point. 

Mandible as figured by Hansen for the other species of the genus, 
palp with 2nd joint 24 times length of 1st, 3rd joint a little shorter 
than lst, 2nd and 3rd joints setose. 

First and second maxillae and maxilliped as figured by Hansen. 

First peraeopod with 3rd and 4th joints strongly produced 
externally, 4th joint underriding 5th, inner margin with ca. 8 stout, 
blunt spines, inner margin of 6th joint with 6 spines. 

Seventh peraeopod, inner margin of 3rd joint with 5 marginal and 
3 submarginal groups of 3 spines each, inner apex with 6 spines, 
outer apex with 3-4 spines, 4th joint with 3 marginal and 3 sub- 
marginal groups of 5 spines each, inner apex with ca. 9 spines, outer 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 3851a 


margin with 2, outer apex with 3 spines, 5th joint with 2 groups of 
ca.9 spines each (not divided into marginal and submarginal groups), 
inner apex with 4 spines, outer margin with 2, outer apex with 
4 spines, 6th joint with 2 groups of 5-6 spines each, inner apex 
with 4, outer apex with 1 spine, unguis strong, a stout seta in 
place of secondary unguis. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, short, 
very stout, almost obovate, apices rounded. 

First to third pleopods with 4 hooked setae on inner apex of 
peduncle. Male stylet on 2nd pleopod arising half-way along margin 
of ramus, extending a little beyond apex of ramus, apex slightly 
enlarged with its inner margin setulose and a minute terminal point 
(see Hansen, 1890, Le. pl. 6, figs. 2g and 3h.). 

Uropods, outer and inner apices of peduncle each with 1 spine, 
inner ramus rather longer than telson, very broad, outer ramus rather 
shorter, inner distal margins of both rami with long plumose setae. 

Telson with posterior margin denticulate, one plumose seta 
springing from each indentation, apex with 6 spines in addition. 

Epimera with postero-inferior angles acute, slightly produced, the 
posterior margin concave. 

Locality: Salt River near Cape Town, in brackish water. 
August, 1896. (R. M. Lightfoot.) gg and @ 2 with embryos. 
(S.A.M. No. A265.) 


Gren. CIROLANA, Leach. 


1818. Cirolana, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 347. 

1905. Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23, p. 11. (References.) 

1910. ee Thielemann, Abh. Ak. Wiss. Munich, IT. Suppl. Bd., 
3. Abh, p. 8. 

1910. o Richardson, Wash. Bur, Fish. Doce. 736, p. 4. 


CIROLANA VICINA, N. Sp. 
(Plate XXX. B.) 

Body minutely granular. Head with minute rostrum, not 
separating the first antennae. Frontal lamina pentagonal, longer 
than broad. Posterior margins of peraeon segments scarcely or not 
at all denticulate. Posterior margins of pleon segments minutely 
denticulate. Fifth pleon segment without free lateral margins. 
Telson triangular, sides straight, apex subacute, with plumose setae 
and 13-14 spines. 


3520 Annals of the South African Museum. 


First antenna reaching a little beyond end of peduncle of 2nd 
antenna, flagellum 13-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching to posterior margin of 5th peraeon seg- 
ment, flagellum 34-jointed. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint with 1 spine and 2 setae on outer apex, 
4th joint with 5 blunt spines on inner margin. 

Second peraeopod, 3rd joint with 2 spines and 2 setae on outer 
apex, 2 blunt spines on inner apex, 4th joint not produced externally, 
outer apex with 2 spines, inner margin with 4 large blunt spines 
near base, 3 at apex and 3 smaller ones between these two groups. 

The other peraeopods slender. Seventh peraeopod, 2nd joint not 
expanded, oblong, inner margin slightly convex. 

Male stylet on 2nd pleopod slender, a little longer than ramus, 
apex acute. 

Uropods similar to those figured by Hansen for C. cranchit young 
? (1890 Cirolanidae, pl. 3, fig. 32), but apex of inner ramus is 
sub-bifid, inner margin with 10 spines, outer margin with 3 spines 
near apex, both margins with plumose setae ; outer ramus apically 
sub-bifid, inner margin with 5 spines, outer with 10, both margins 
with plumose setae. 

Length: 13 mm.; breadth: 3°75 mm. 

Colour : Whitish, tinged on back with grey, caused by numerous 
minute stellate specks. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. April, 1901 (Dr. W. F. 
Purcell), and 29/4/12 (K.H.B.). 2 3 g under stones at low-tide. 
(S.A.M. Nos. 9856 and A2560.) 

This species is intermediate between C. parva, Hansen, and 
C. cranchii, Leach. The former has been found in the West Indies, 
Kast Indies, Ceylon, and Red Sea; the latter is a Huropean form, 
but under the name of “ Nelocira swainsoni”’ has been recorded from 
Senegambia by Miers (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 8, p. 204, 1881). 

The relationships between the three species may be best seen from 
the following table :— 


C. parva. C. cranchii. C. vicina. 

Frontal lamina ......... hexagonal pentagonal pentagonal 
Peraeopods:, ./..2esssxeete: slender stout slender 
Fourth joint of the 2nd 

and 3rd peraeopods... not produced produced —_ not produced 
Apices of the uropods bifid acute sub- bifid. 
Number of spines on 

telsomicvapexq pe -nnee 8 10-12 13-14. 


Size, case ee eee 7-8 mm. 15 mm. 13 mm. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 353a 


CIROLANA PARVA, Hansen. 


1890. Cirolana parva, Hansen, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. ser. 6, vol. 3, 
pp. 321, 340, pl. 2, figs. 6-60, pl. 3, 


figs. 1-ld. 

1901. ap eS Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 23, 
p. 014. 

1902. i - Moore, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. vol. 20, 
pt. 2, p. 167, pl. 8, figs. 6-8. 

1905. PA ,,  Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. 
Suppl. Rep. 23, p. 12. 

1905. 3 Fs Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, 
p. 111, figs. 93-95. 

1910. me *: Stebbing, Journ. Linn. Soe. Lond. Zool. 


vol, oil, p. Qi’. 


Length: 5mm.; breadth : 2 mm. 

Colour: Yellowish-grey. 

Locality: Mozambique (Conducia Bay). 15/11/12. (K.H.B.) 
1 ovigerous ? at low-tide. (S.A.M. No. A2216.) 

Geogr. Distribution: West Indies and Samoa (Hansen); Florida 
and Gulf of Mexico 25 fathoms (Richardson); Porto Rico (Moore) ; 
Ceylon 8-11 fathoms (Stebbing) ; Red Sea (Stebbing). 


CIROLANA UNDULATA, Nn. Sp. 
(Plate XXX. A.) 


Body smooth, nearly three times as long as broad. Head with 
minute rostrum, not separating the first antennae. 

Frontal lamina quadrate, a little longer than broad, the free 
anterior margin longer than posterior margin, which is joined to 
the clypeus. 

Peraeon with posterior margin of all the segments finely crimped, 
the crimping strongest at the sides and on the posterior segments. 
Pleon with posterior margins of first 5 segments denticulate, though 
only faintly so on the first segment. The fifth segment without 
free lateral margins. Telson longer than broad, triangular, sides 
straight, apex subacute with 2 short blunt spines close together, 
flanked on either side by 6 stout spines. The interstices between 
the spines with short plumose setae, scarcely longer than the 
spines. Surface with a median carina which is grooved almost to 
the base, lateral margin anterior to the spines with 5 rugae running 
inwards towards base of telson, where they divide irregularly. 

First antenna reaching end of peduncle of second antenna, 


3044 Annals of the South African Museum. 


2nd joint longer than Ist, not subequal as in C. swlcata, Hansen. 
Flagellum not quite as long as peduncle, 12-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching posterior margin of third peraeon 
segment, flagellum longer than peduncle, 25-jointed. 

Upper lip, distal margin strongly emarginate, setose. 

Mandibles, maxillae and maxillipeds normal. 

First peraeopod, inner apex of 3rd joint with 1 blunt tubercle, 
outer apex of 4th joint with 2 small spines and inner margin 
with 8 blunt tubercles, inner margin of 6th joint with 4 low 
rounded bosses and small spines between them. 

Second peraeopod, inner apex of 38rd joint with 3 blunt 
tubercles, outer apex with 2 strong spines, outer apex of 4th 
joint with 1 strong spine and inner margin with 10 blunt tubercles, 
inner margin of 6th joint smooth with 4 small spines. 

Fourth to seventh peraeopods, as in C. sulcata, second joints not 
enlarged nor furnished with natatory setae. 

Uropods, both branches a little longer than telson, inner angle of 
peduncle extending half-way along inner branch, inner branch with 
inner margin furnished with 11 short spines with short plumose 
setae between them, apex subacute not bifid, the outer margin at 
the apex very slightly emarginate, outer ramus with 3 short spines 
on inner distal margin and 2 on the outer, apex subacute, slightly 
bifid, 

Length: 15 mm.; breadth: 6 mm. 

Colour: Whitish, with grey stellate specks. 

Locality : Sea Point, near Cape Town. 15/11/13. (K.H.B.) 5 2? 9 
with embryos and 3 very young specimens just hatched. Low-tide, 
beneath stones and encrusting algae. (S.A.M. No. A2614.) Some 
specimens taken out of crevices in an old piece of iron wreckage 
were completely rust-red in colour. 

This species at first sight resembles C. sulcata, Hansen, but is 
abundantly distinguished by the following characters: the orna- 
mentation of the peraeon and telson, the marginal armature of 
the latter, the frontal lamina, the number of antennal joints, the 
number of tubercles on the anterior peraeopods, and the uropods. 
The specific name refers to the undulate appearance of the margins 
of the telson. 


CIROLANA VENUSTICAUDA, Stebbing, var. SIMPLEX, n. 
(Plate XX XVII. F.) 


Differs from the typical form in the following particulars : 
smaller size; the denticulations on the posterior margin of 6th 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 355a 


peraeon segment much weaker, almost obsolete in some cases ; 
those on posterior margin of 7th peraeon segments and 2nd, 
3rd, 4th, and 5th pleon segments also weaker; the tubercles at 
base of telson and along the margins absent; the median carina 
simple, without the basal tooth, and not followed by any tubercles ; 
the telson is longer than broad, apex more obtuse, no spines or 
setae along the margins and only 10 spines on the apex; outer 
distal angle of inner uropod rounded, the distal margin consequently 
more convex. 

The more marked of the above differences can be recognized 
in the young of the two forms. Specimens of venusticauda 
taken from the brood pouch already show 20 spines round the 
end of the telson, whereas those of the variety show only 7 
or 8. 

The distribution seems to point to this being a local variety of 
the more ornate typical form. The former has not yet been found 
on the west coast of the Cape Peninsula. Stebbing recorded the 
typical form from Somerset West in False Bay, as well as from 
Table Bay. These ‘Somerset West’’ specimens I have not myself 
seen; but it is not likely that the above-mentioned differences 
were overlooked, nor is one justified in supposing that the 
‘“Somerset West’? specimens had been wrongly labelled. How- 
ever, all efforts to discover (at least by shore-collecting between 
tide-marks) the typical form in False Bay, or the variety in 
Table Bay, have so far failed. The two forms seem distinctly 
confined to their respective sides of the Cape Peninsula. 

Length: g11mm., 910 mm.; breadth: g4mm., ?3°5 mm. 

Colour : Grey, mottled. 

Locality: St. James and Kalk Bay, False Bay (Dr. W. F. 
Purcell) ; Plettenberg Bay, 3/7/02, s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure’; St. James, 
15/2/14 (K.H.B.), ¢ ¢, 2 2, and juv. (S.A.M. Nos. 8830, 150055, 
Ad0, and A2685 respectively.) 


PONTOGELOIDES, n. g. 


Fifth pleon segment with free margins ; bases of first and second 
antennae completely separated, flagella subequal, not long; epistome 
projecting ; mandibular palp with only two joints, the second very 
long; second maxilla normal, the middle plate not narrower than 
the outer; maxillipeds 7-jointed, inner plate with 2 coupling-hooks ; 
peraeopods stout; first pleopod not indurated, inner ramus nearly 
as broad as outer; male stylet on second pleopod not reaching end 


3060 Annals of the South African Museum. 


of ramus; peduncle of uropods very broad, outer ramus narrower 
but not shorter than inner. 

Very similar to Pontogelos, Stebbing (Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. 
vol. 14, pt. 1, p. 97, 1910), especially as regards the mandibles and 
maxillipeds, but differmg in the antennae, second maxillae, uropods 
and peraeopods. 


PONTOGELOIDES LATIPES, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXX. C.) 


Body very convex, smooth. Head with small median rostrum 
meeting the frontal lamina, which is narrow, anteriorly broader than 
posteriorly, in side view strongly curved; eyes oval, black, in the 
lateral angles. Peraeon segments 4—7 with a low transverse carina 
running a short way across the segments from the middle of the 
sutures with the epimera. Epimera without oblique grooves, rather 
broad, postero-lateral angles subacute but not produced. Pleon 
equal in length to peraeon segments 2-7 together. Telson rounded, 
broader than long, margin minutely serrulate apically, with a few 
plumose setae. 

First antenna reaching to posterior margin of 1st peraeon segment, 
anterior margin of Ist joint produced along the 2nd joint, but not 
directed forwards, 3rd joint nearly as long as but much more slender 
than 2nd joint, flagellum thrice as long as peduncle, 16- or 17- 
jointed. 

Second antenna subequal to first antenna, peduncle 5-jointed, very 
stout, inner margin of 4th joint and inner apex of 5th joint with long 
setae, flagellum scarcely as long as peduncle, 12-jointed. 

Epistome (clypeus) triangular, prominently projecting. 

Upper lip transverse, 2} times as broad as long, distal margin 
excavate. 

Mandibles with cutting-edge tridentate, molar as in Cirolana, palp 
2-jointed, 2nd joint nearly thrice length of Ist joint, apex rounded 
with 3-4 long setae. 

First maxilla normal, outer plate with 11 spines, inner plate with 
3 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla normal, outer and middle plates a little narrower 
than inner plate, each with ca. 9 setae, the inner plate with several 
stout plumose setae and smaller simple setae. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint (in g) twice as long as broad, 4th and 5th 
joints broad, all joints strongly setose, inner plate narrow, equal in 
length to 2nd joint, tapering to a blunt point with 2 small plumose 
setae, outer margin with ca. 8 strong plumose setae, inner margin 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 357a 


with 1 coupling-hook near base and a larger one a little beyond the 
middle. 

First peraeopod, inner margins of 4th, 5th, and 6th joints 
respectively with ca. 20, 6 and ca. 8 closely set sharp spines. 

Seventh peraeopod, 2nd joint cylindrical, not swollen, with 1 
bunch of setae at inner apex and another just before apex; inner 
apex of 3rd joint with 2 spines, outer apex with |; inner margin of 
4th joint with 3 spines, outer apex with 1; outer and inner margins 
of 5th joint with 3 spines; inner margin of 6th joint with 4 spines ; 
7th joint half length of 6th. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, very short 
and stout. 

First to third pleopods, inner apical angle of peduncle with 3—4 
hooked setae and several plumose setae, inner ramus nearly as broad 
as outer. 

Second pleopod, male stylet arising at 4 along the inner margin, 
short, not reaching apex of ramus, stout, apex acute. 

Uropods, peduncle very broad, nearly 24 times as broad as long, 
outer apical angle with 1 spine, inner margin fringed with long 
plumose setae; rami extending a little beyond telsonic apex; inner 
ramus triangular, base as broad as peduncle, apex subacute, inner 
margin, apex and distal portion of outer margin with long plumose 
setae, outer margin with deep subterminal indentation ; outer ramus 
much narrower and scarcely longer than inner ramus, narrow- 
lanceolate, apex with plumose setae. 

Length: 9mm.; breadth: 3°75 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, whitish with obscure indications of grey stellate 
markings. 

Locality: Fish Hoek, False Bay, 26/5/96, 1 g, and Jan., 1898, 
g g and nonovigerous ? ? (R. M. Lightfoot); March, 1901, 3 ¢g 
‘' and nonovigerous 2 2 (W. F. Purcell). In pools some little 
distance from sea. (S.A.M. Nos. A256, A245, and 9861.) 


Famitry CORALLANIDAKE. 


1890. Corallanidae (part), Hansen, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. ser. 6, vol 5, 
pt. 3, p. 280. 
1890. Alcironidae (part), id. ibid. pp. 285, 312, 390. 
1893. Corallanidae (part), Stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 345, 
1893. Alczronidae, id, ibid. p. 346. 
28a 


358a Annals of the South African Musewm. 


1904. Corallanidae, id. in Gardiner’s Fauna, Mald. Lacead. Archip. 
vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 703. 

1905, 34 id. in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. Rep. 
BY, Os dus). 


GEN. CORALLANA, Dana. 
1853. Corallana, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 748, 773. 


1879. - Schioedte and Meinert. Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 3, 
vol. 12, p. 286. 
1904. 4 Stebbing, Le. p. 704. 


CORALLANA AFRICANA, N. sp. 
(Plate XXX. D.) 


Body with a few scattered hairs, chiefly on the lateral portions. 
Head without sculpturing, eyes large, oval, black. Epimera visible 
in dorsal view, postero-lateral angles acute, but not sharply pro- 
duced or spinose. Pleon of 5 segments plus telson, 5th segment 
with a low, inconspicuous median tubercle (in young specimens 
quite obsolete), telson as long as basal width, lateral margins slightly 
sinuous, apex blunt, with 6 stout spines, interspersed with plumose 
setae, which extend up the lateral margins. 

First antenna scarcely reaching to end of peduncle of second 
antenna, basal joint stout, flagellum 7-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching to posterior margin of 3rd peraeon seg- 
ment, peduncle 5-jointed, 2nd and 3rd joints short, 4th and 5th 
joints subequal or 4th slightly longer than 5th, flagellum 1+ times 
length of peduncle, 16-19-jointed. 

Upper lip nearly thrice as broad as long, emarginate. 

Lower lip, lobes twice as long as broad, apically rounded, with a 
small pointed accessory lobe near the end. 

Mandibles elongate, apex not greatly elongate, bifid in the left, 
entire in the right, palp 3-jointed, 2nd joint longest, with setae on 
outer apex, 3rd joint ovate, with long setae. 

First maxilla sickle-shaped, unguis well developed and strongly 
chitinized. 

Second maxilla apparently absent, as no trace of it could be 
found, 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint a little longer than 3rd—7th joints together, 
3rd and 4th joints small, 5th joint circular, as long as 3rd and 4th 
together and almost equally wide, with 1 long spine and 2 small 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 369 


setae on inner apex, 6th joint slender, narrower than any of the 
preceding, 7th joint minute with apical tuft of setae. 

First peraeopod, 38rd and 4th joints subequal, 4th with 5 blunt 
tubercles on inner margin, 5th joint small, triangular, 6th joint 
tapering slightly, 7th joint strong and only slightly curved. 

Seventh paraeopod, 2nd joint equal to 5th-7th together, 3rd joint 
slightly expanded posteriorly, with apical setae, 4th joint with 1 
spine in middle of and 2 at apex of inner margin, 5th joint with 
1 and 38 spines respectively and also a tuft of plumose setae on 
posterior apical angle, 6th joint with 1 spine in both of the above- 
named positions and an apical tuft of setae, 7th joint strongly 
curved. 

Second pleopod, male stylet reaches nearly to end of rami, straight, 
narrow, apex blunt. 

Uropods, rami subequal in length, only just reaching beyond 
telsonic apex, inner ramus about twice as wide as outer, with 
bluntly rounded apex, outer lanceolate, apex subacute, both rami 
fringed with plumose setae. 

Length: 7mm.; breadth : 2°5 mm. 

Colour: Yellowish-grey with darker mottlings, a more or less 
distinct dark median stripe. 

Locality: Gwartkops River, Port Elizabeth. May, 1913. ¢ ¢ 
and 1 @ with 9 embryos. (Mrs. Patterson.) (S.A.M. No. A2267.) 


Gen. LANOCIRA, Hansen. 


1890. Lanocira, Hansen, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. ser. 6, vol. 5, pt. 3, 
pp. 313, 391, 395. 


1904. x Stebbing in Gardiner’s Fauna Mald. Laccad. 
Archip. vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 706. 

1905. ‘3 id. in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep: 23, p. 19. 

NOLO: as id. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 31, p. 217. 


LANOCIRA CAPENSIS, 0. Sp. 
(Plate XX XI. A.) 


1913. ? Lanocira, sp., Tattersall, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 49, 
pt. 4, p. 880. 


Body from about 5th peraeon segment onwards densely setose, 
more so in the female than in the male, but nearly glabrous in 
the young. Head with a small upturned rostrum in g’, the pair 
of tubercles adjacent to the eyes very low, surface of the head 


360 Annals of the South African Museum. 


between them concave; in the 9? only the median longitudinal 
concavity present. First peraeon segment longer than 2nd or 3rd, 
but subequal to 4th and 7th, dth and 6th a little longer than 
lst. Pleon resembling that of LZ. gardineri, Stebbing, except for 
its denser covering of setae; 6 apical spines on telson. 

First antenna equal to peduncle of second antenna, 3rd joint a 
little over half the length of the fused Ist and 2nd joints, flagellum 
equal to peduncle, 6-jointed, with sensory filaments. 

Second antenna reaching to about middle of 2nd peraeon seg- 
ment, 4th joint equal to Ist, 2nd and 3rd together, 5th a little 
shorter, flagellum equal to peduncle, 12-jointed, setose. 

Frontal lamina pentagonal. 

Upper lip thrice as broad as long, slightly emarginate. 

Lower lip, lobes broad with truncate apices. 

Mandibles most resembling those figured for L. latifrons, Steb- 
bing, cutting-edge bidentate, secondary cutting-edge bidentate, 
molar conical with a few minute apical setules, palp strong, rather 
longer than trunk of mandible, 2nd joint a little longer than Ist, 
3rd joint shortest, 2nd and 3rd setiferous. 

First maxilla, the curved spine on outer plate is of moderate 
length, about + that of outer plate. 

Second maxilla, 2nd joint with 3 apical setae, 3rd joint very 
slender with 2 apical unequal setae. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint scarcely longer than broad, basal joint in 
yg very large, with plumose setae on its inner produced apex, 
epipod in @ (vibratory plate) reaching to 6th joint, margin with 
plumose setae. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint with spine on outer apex and 2-3 
setules on inner apex, 4th joint with 4 strong spines on inner 
margin (the apical one the largest) and 2 spines on outer apex, 
6th joint with 3 long setae on inner apex, in g the unguis is 
rather longer and more strongly curved than in @. 

Second and third peraeopods, 3rd joint with 1 spine on outer 
apex and 2 stout spines on inner apex (the apical one the larger), 
4th joint as in first peraeopod. 

Seventh perueopod resembling that of L. gardinerz, Stebbing. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, short, 
with blunt apices. 

Second pleopod, male stylet long, slender, acute, extending a 
short distance beyond apex of ramus. 

Uropods, inner ramus extending only a very little beyond _tel- 
sonic apex, apex broadly rounded with 9 spines and numerous 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 361 


long setae, outer ramus a little shorter than inner, with ca. 9 
spines as well as long setae on outer and apical margins. 

Length: § 6mm., 2° 7:5mm:; breadih: ¢ 26 mm., 2 3 mm. 

Colour: Whitish, with fairly numerous minute stellate black 
specks. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. April, 1901. 1 @ with em- 
bryos (Dr. W. F. Purcell), and 29/4/12. 1 g, 2 22? with 
embryos. (K.H.B.) Amongst the tubes of the reef-building worm 
Sabellaria capensis, low-tide. (S.A.M. 9857 and A2561.) 

This species resembles very closely L. gardineri, Stebbing, but 
differs from the latter in the form of the mandibles, the length of the 
spine on the second maxilla and in having 4 spines, instead of 4, 
on the 4th joint of the first peraeopod. Moreover, it differs not 
only from L. gardineri, but from all other species of the genus 
in the length of the male stylet on the second pleopod. 

This is most probably the same species as the mutilated speci- 
men briefly mentioned by Tattersall. The smaller number of spines 
on the uropods of the latter may well be due to injury. Tattersall 
compares the first maxilla of his specimen with that of L. zeylanica, 
Stebbing, but in the present specimens it is not so strongly developed, 
and moreover his specimen is 12mm. long and is therefore, after 
allowing for the effects of injury and the method of preservation, 
considerably larger than the St. James’ specimens. 

Tattersall’s specimens came from Saldanha Bay, 8-10 fathoms. 


Faminry AKGIDAE. 


1879. Aegidae, Schioedte & Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 3, vol. 12, 
p. 325. 

1905. ef Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23, p. 20. 


Gen. AHGA, Leach. 


1815. Aega, Leach, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 11, p. 369. 

1879. ,, Schioedte & Minert, l.c. p. 334. 

1901. ,, Whitelegge, Sci. Res. “ Thetis,” pt. 3, p. 229. 

1905. ,, Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 167. 

1905. ,,  stebbing, l.c. p. 20. 

1910. ,, Thielemann, Abh. Ak. Wiss. Munich, 2 Suppl. Bd. 
3 Abt. p. 28. 

1910. ,, Richardson, Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc. 736, p. 11. 


362 Annals of the South African Museum. 


AEGA GRACILIPES, Hansen. 


1895. Aega gracilipes, Hansen, Isop. Plankton Exp. p. 15, pl. 1, 
figs. 6-6¢ (¢). 


1901. ‘ Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 23, 
p. 533. 
1905. - id: Ball. “UJS. Nat. Mus: No..54; jo ei8a: 


figs. 1675168: 


Flagellum of first antenna 14-jointed. Second antenna extending 
to posterior margin of 2nd peraeon segment, flagellum 17-jointed. 

Length: 24 mm.; breadth: 12 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, uniform yellowish, 

Locality: Cape Point N.E. 3 N. distant 39 miles. 310-560 
fathoms. 17/9/08. 1 ovigerous ?. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. 
No. 150980.) 

Geogr. Distribution: N. Atlantic, 59° N. 8:5° W., 1524 metres 
(Hansen); Gulf of Mexico, 730 fathoms (Richardson). 


AEGA MONOPHTHALMA, Johnston. 
(Plate XXXI. B.) 


1834. Adega monophthalma, Johnston, Lond. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. 7, 
p. 233, figs. 43a, b, nec c. 


18685); . Bate & Westwood, Brit. Sessile-eyed 
Crust. vol. 2, p. 286. 

LEhe a Schioedte & Meinert, l.c. ser. 3, vol. 11, 
jou teie): 

LST es, ‘ id. lic. ser. 3, vol. 12, p. 89. 

1897. 55 Pe Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 62, pl. 26, 
fig. 1; 


Body glabrous, very finely punctate, the 5th-7th peraeon 
segments and the whole of the pleon appearing somewhat eroded. 

Head, with the exception of a small triangular portion in the 
middle of the posterior margin, completely occupied by the eyes, 
which are in contact for about 9 rows of facets ; rostrum completely 
separating the bases of 1st antennae, curving downwards and meeting 
the frontal lamina. The latter is shield-shaped, longer than broad, 
concave, anterior margin bisinuate with the median lobe projecting 
further than the lateral lobes (more strongly bisinuate than in Sars’ 
figure). 

First peraeon segment slightly the longest, 7th the shortest, the 
vest subequal, anterior margin of lst segment deeply bisinuate, 
posterior margins of all segments granular. Epimera distinct on 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 363 


all segments except 1st, granular, especially the posterior ones, each 
with a slight hollow above the oblique carina; a carina is also 
present on lateral margin of Ist segment; epimera of 2nd and 3rd 
segments posteriorly rounded, of segments 4-7 becoming gradually 
more produced and acute, but never sharply pointed, epimeron 
of segment 6 reaching postero-lateral angle of Ist pleon seg- 
ment, of segment 7 reaching middle of lateral margin of 2nd pleon 
segment. 

First segment of pleon very short, but not completely concealed 
dorsally by the 7th peraeon segment, other segments subequal, 
posterior margins granular, postero-lateral angles of Ist-4th seg- 
ments subacute; telson subtriangular, apex rounded with median 
projecting point, surface granular, excavate at base on either side of 
the median carina which extends to apex, margin fringed with 
plumose setae and crenulate, with a stout spine springing from 
each indentation (ca. 12 on each side). 

First antenna extending to middle of eye and nearly to end 
of 5th peduncular joint of 2nd antenna, Ist and 2nd joints strongly 
expanded, 2nd joint shorter than lst, exterior apex produced, 3rd 
joint slender, not extending far beyond external apex of 2nd, 
flagellum a little longer than Ist peduncular joint, 8-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching to posterior margin of 2nd peraeon 
segment, peduncular joints increasing in length, dth joint equal 
to Ist joint of 1st antenna, flagellum half as long again as peduncle, 
22-jointed. 

Mandible with apex incurved at right angles to trunk, tapering, 
acute, palp longer than trunk, 2nd joint twice as long as Ist and 
thrice as long as 3rd, outer margin of 3rd and apices of 2nd and 
3rd joints setose. 

First maxilla slender, apex with 5 apical hooked spines and one 
smaller subapical. 

Second maxilla with trunk broad at base, rapidly narrowing, 
outer lobe broader than apex of trunk, with 3 strong curved 
spines, inner lobe half length and width of outer, with 4 curved 
spines. 

Maxilliped, Ist joint very short, 2nd joint 24 times as long as 
broad, 3rd joint short, 4th joint triangular, produced internally, 5th 
joint also triangular, inner apex produced with 4 spines, 6th joint 
twice as broad as long, inner margin with 5 strong hooked spines 
and 2 smaller ones, 7th jot wide but very short, with 4-5 setae ; 
inner plate extending half-way along 4th joint, narrow, apex with 
2 setae. 


364 Annals of the South African Museum. 


First peraeopod, inner apex of 3rd joint without spine, inner 
margin of 4th joint with 1 basal and 2 apical spines. 

Second paraeopod, inner apex of 3rd joint with 1 spine, inner 
margin of 4th joint with 3 basal and 2 apical spines. 

Third peraeopod, inner apex of 3rd joint with 2 spines, inner 
margin of 4th joint with 3-4 (right and left peraeopods respectively) 
basal and 2 apical spines. 

Fourth peraeopod, 3rd and 4th joints subequal, as also the 5th 
and 6th, the number of spines as follows: inner apex 2nd joint 
2 small ones, outer apex of 3rd joint 2, inner margin of 3rd joint 
1 near base 2 in middle and 2 at apex, outer apex of 4th joint 3, 
inner margin of 4th joint 1 basal 3 median and 3 apical, outer 
apex Sth joint 3, inner margin of 5th joint 1 basal 3 median and 
4 apical, outer apex of 6th joint 1 spine and 2 setae, inner margin 
of 6th joint 1 basal 1 median and 2 apical. 

Seventh peraeopod more slender than preceding, perhaps due to 
immaturity of the specimen; the spines are as follows: inner apex 
of 2nd joint 2, outer apex of 3rd joint 3, inner margin of 3rd joint 
1 basal 1 median 2 apical, outer apex of 4th joint 5, inner margin 
of 4th joint 1 basal 2 median 4 apical, inner margin of 5th joint 
1 basal 2 median and whole of apical margin with spines, outer 
apex of 6th joint 2 small spines and 1 seta, inner margin of 6th 
joint 1 basal 2 median and 3 apical. 

Second pleopod with 9 hooked spines and 8 plumose setae on 
inner margin of penduncle. 

Uropods, peduncle # length of inner ramus, rami scarcely as long 
as telson, inner ramus truncate, distal margin slightly emarginate, 
both outer and distal margins fringed with plumose setae, denticulate, 
each with ca, 10 spines; outer ramus narrower than inner, apically 
rounded, margins fringed with plumose setae, outer and distal 
margins faintly denticulate, ca. 12 spines on outer margin and 4 
round apex. 

Length: 23 mm.; breadth: 10:5 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, uniform yellowish. 

Locality: TWast London NW. 4 N. distant 20 miles. 400 
fathoms. 17/4/01. 1 immature specimen. s.s. ‘ Pieter Faure.” 
(S.A.M. 150979.) 

Geogr. Distribution: Iceland, Shetland, N. Britain, Norway, 
German Ocean, Skagerak (Schioedte & Meinert). Parasitic on the 
Cod (Gadus morrhua). 

This specimen is in perfect harmony with the description of 
Schioedte & Meinert, except in the lesser number of flagellar joints 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 365 


of the 1st and 2nd antennae, and the spines on the 4th joint of the 
Ist-3rd peraeopods. Since the specimen is immature and only 
the length of the smallest measurements given by the above authors, 
these differences may be ascribed to difference in age as well as local 
variation, 

The above description is rather detailed in order to facilitate com- 
parison with European specimens, since the discovery of this 
northern form in deep water off the South African coast bears on 
the interesting question of Bipolarity. 


AEGA MONILIS, N. sp. 
(Plate XX XI. C.) 


Body with the usual fine scattered punctation, glabrous. Head 
with rostrum curving downwards but not completely separating 
bases of Ist antennae, and not reaching the nodular, rhomboidal 
frontal lamina. Eyes large, oval, contiguous for 5 rows of facets. 
Peraeon segments 1-3 and 7 subequal, 4-6 a little longer, anterior 
margin of Ist segment not bisinuate, posterior margin of each 
segment with a tranverse row of granules or small tubercles, faint 
on the first 3 segments ; these segments have in addition a transverse 
carina across the middle, which is smooth in segment 1, but 
granulate in segments 2 and 3. HEpimera of segments 2-4 as long 
as segments, posteriorly truncate, postero-inferior angles rounded, 
that of segment 5 similar but a httle longer than segment, those of 
segments 6 and 7 one-third as long again as segments, postero- 
inferior angles subacute, that of 7th segment reaching to middle of 
2nd pleon segment, all epimera with an oblique carina, above which 
surface is concaye, those of 4th—7th segments with a second weaker 
carina anterior to the other. 

Pleon with 1st segment short, the rest subequal, none of the 
postero-lateral angles produced, posterior margins with a transverse 
row of small tubercles; telson subtriangular, sides rounded ; in 
one specimen the apex has a blunt median point, flanked on either 
side by a spine arising from a small indentation, posterior margin 
finely crenulate and fringed with plumose setae; in the other 
specimen (from East London) the apex is subtruncate, with the 
margin as in the first specimen; surface granulate, without median 
keel or excavations at base. 

First antenna reaching to middle of Ist peraeon segment and end 
of peduncle of 2nd antenna, Ist and 2nd joints not expanded, 2nd a 
little shorter than Ist, 3rd longer than Ist and 2nd_ together, 
flagellum equal to peduncle, 9—-11-joited. 


366 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Second antenna reaching to end of 2nd peraeon segment in one 
specimen, to end of 3rd in the Kast London specimen, Ist joint larger 
than 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th increasing in length, flagellum half as 
long again as peduncle, 15-17-jointed. 

Mandibles, trunk stout, apex entire, not very acute nor curving 
inwards, palp longer than trunk, Ist and 3rd joints subequal, 2nd 
half as long again. 

First maxilla rather stout, apex with 1 stout spine and 4 smaller 
ones. 

Second maxilla, basal joint rapidly narrowed distally, outer lobe 
rounded with 2 hooked spines, inner lobe smaller with 3 not strongly 
hooked spines, 

Maxilliped, apex of 4th joint with 2 setae, of 5th with 2 spines and 
1 seta, 6th joint not broader than long, with 3 hooked spines, 7th 
conical, small, with 1 long apical seta and 2 smaller ones, inner plate 
reaching to middle of 4th joint, unarmed. 

First peraeopod inner apex of 3rd joint unarmed, inner margin of 
4th with 3 blunt spines, of 6th with 1 sharp apical spine and 1 very 
small subapical one. 

Second and third peraeopods, apex of 3rd joint with 1 spine, inner 
margin of 4th joint with 5 blunt spines, of 6th as in first peraeopod. 

Fourth to seventh peraeopods, 3rd joint not elongate, in 7th 
peraeopod about half length of 2nd, all joints (except 2nd) armed 
with numerous strong spines. 

Second pleopod, male stylet straight, fairly stout, tapering to an 
acute apex, shorter than ramus, inner margin of peduncle with 6 
hooked spines and numerous plumose setae. 

Uropods, peduncle three-quarters length of inner ramus; inner 
ramus only just reaching beyond telsonic apex, apex truncate, inner 
angle rounded, outer angle acute, posterior margin with 4 in- 
dentations from each of which arises a spine, outer distal margin 
with 1 large spineless indentation and 2 smaller ones with spines, 
posterior and outer margins in addition finely crenulate and fringed 
with plumose setae; outer ramus shorter than inner and scarcely 
half as wide, lanceolate, apex acute, inner margin with 2, outer with 
ca. 8 spines, margins not crenulate but fringed with plumose setae. 

The Hast London specimen difters slightly in having 6 spines 
and much stronger indentations and crenulations on posterior margin 
of inner ramus. 

Length: 18 mm.; breadth: 7:5 mm. 

Colour : In spirit, uniform yellowish or pinkish. 

Locality: Lion’s Head SE. $4 EH. distant 42 miles (off Cape 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 367 


Peninsula). 156 fathoms. 9/3/00. 1g. Sandy Point N. } E. 
distant 10 miles (off East London). 95 fathoms. 14/8/01. 123. 
s.s. ‘Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. Nos. 150982 and 150981.) 

Resembles rather closely A.ophthalmica (M. Edw.), which how- 
ever has a bisinuate anterior margin to 1st peraeon segment, a larger 
number of flagellar joints in Ist antenna, 10 long slender spines on 
inner margin of 4th joint of anterior peraeopods, and the telson 
basally excavate. 

A, megalops, Norm. & Stebb., 1904, is easily distinguished by 
having the anterior peraeopods unarmed, though otherwise very 
similar to the present species. 

The specific name in allusion to the bead-like ornamentation of 
the peraecon and pleon segments. 


AEGA UROTOMA, h. sp. 
(Plate XXXIT. A.) 

Exceedingly close to Ae. truncata, Richardson (1910, Lc. p. 14, 
fig. 13). 

Body finely punctate. Head with a small median rostrum not 
nearly as large as in de. truncata, eyes large, oval, their distance 
apart equal to one-third their greatest diameter instead of one-half, 
occupying therefore a relatively larger portion of the head. First 
peraeon segment longer than 2nd, 3rd and 7th, but subequal to 
4th, 5th and 6th, with its anterior margin straight not bisinuate. 
Epimera of 2nd and 38rd segments as long as their segments, 
postero-inferior angles rectangular, pointed, of 4th, 5th, 6th and 
7th segments a little longer than their segments, postero-inferior 
angles acute, pointed, each with one oblique carina on the lateral 
surface and another where the lateral surface passes into the 
ventral, Ist peraeon segment with a carina on lateral margin but 
no epimeron. Lateral margins of pleon segments 1-4 with a 
carina, ‘Telson a little asymmetrical, with two shallow but distinct 
hollows at base, sides straight, posterior margin slightly concave, 
postero-lateral angles rounded. 

First antenna reaching to end of peduncle of 2nd antenna or the 
eyes, Ist and 2nd joints dilated, but Ist longer than broad, 2nd 
shorter than Ist, 3rd extending beyond anterior apex of 2nd joint 
for 2 of its length, flagellum 14-jointed. 

Second antenna with Ist, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, 4th and 
5th also subequal, flagellum on both sides incomplete. 

First maxilla with 7 hooked spines on apex. 


368 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Second maxilla with 3 simple spines on outer lobe and 2 plumose 
setae on inner. 

Maxilliped without recurved spines on the terminal, all joints 
as well as the large epipod fringed with plumose setae, posteriorly 
directed laminar expansion of the Ist joint very large, posterior 
margin rounded, The loss of the terminal recurved spines and 
the enlargement of the epipod and basal joint are evidently features 
of the ovigerous female. The first is correlated with the fact that 
ovigerous females are never captured on the host like the males 
and immature specimens, but are found free-living on the sea- 
bottom where they probably take no food. The epipod and the 
basal plate serve to produce a current of water through the 
marsupial pouch, the same structure being found in other families, 
e.g., Astacillidae (see Hansen, Cirolanidae, 1890, p. 287). 

First to third peraeopods with 6 spines on inner margin of 4th 
joint instead of the 7 found in Ae. truncata. 

Second pleopod with 10 hooked spines and numerous plumose 
setae on inner margin of peduncle. 

Uropods as in Ae. truncata, but with stout spines as well as 
plumose setae; outer margin of outer ramus with 2 spines and 
indications of 2 more, posterior margin of inner ramus with 6 spines 
on the right, 2 on the left, the rest having been broken off. 

Length: 53 mm.; breadth: 24 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, uniform yellowish. 

Locality: Cape Point N. 50° E. distant 18 miles. 180 fathoms. 
27/2/02. 1 ovigerous 9. s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. No. 
150971.) 


Gen. ROCINELA, Leach. 


1818. Rocinela, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 348. 
1905. Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23. p. 23. 


RoOcINELA ORIENTALIS, Sch. & Mein. 
(Plate XXXVII. D.) 


1879. Rocinela orientalis, Schioedte & Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr. 
Ser. "35,1 VOL. alli sp, YS 95 cople non esies: 


I 2Cs: 2): 
1884. mg af Miers, Rep. Zool. H.M.S. “ Alert,” p. 304. 
1898. Me i Richardson, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. 


volia1, No: doses. Sela: 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 369 


1905. Rocinela orientalis, Stebbing, l.c. p. 24, pl. 6 C. 
1910. + ap Richardson, Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc. No. 
136; pz lit. 

The flagella of both pairs of antennae are incomplete. As regards 
the shape and armature of the telson and uropods, the single 
specimen agrees with the description and figures given by Stebbing. 

Length: 18 mm.; breadth: 6 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, uniform yellowish white. 

Locality: Umblangakulu River mouth NW. by N. distant 74 
miles (Natal). 50 fathoms. 14/3/01. 1 immature ¢. s,s. “ Pieter 
Faure.’ (S.A.M. No. 150983.) 

Geogr. Distribution: Philippine Islands and Calcutta (Sch. & 
Mein.); Prince of Wales’ Channel, 7-9 fathoms (Miers); Moreton 
Bay, Ceylon and Gulf of Suez (in Brit. Mus. fide Miers) ; 
Ceylon, 8-20 fathoms (Stebbing); Philippine Islands, 12 fathoms 
(Richardson). 


ROcINELA GRANULOSA, n. sp. 
(Plate XXXI. D.) 


Body irregularly and minutely granular, the granulations 
strongest on the posterior margins of peraeon and pleon segments, 
glabrous. Head triangular, front produced into a blunt rostrum, 
eyes oval, their distance apart equal in g to the length, in ¢@ to 
the width of eye, 2 small ocelli between eyes. Anterior margin of 
lst peraeon segment bisinuate, in 3 all peraeon segments are 
subequal, in 2 Ist, 4th and 7th are subequal, 2nd and 8rd shorter, 
5th and 6th longer, postero-lateral angles rounded, not produced. 
Epimera narrow, postero-lateral angles subacute in 3, acute in 
?, not strongly produced. First pleon segment completely con- 
cealed dorsally in 9,in g nearly so, not wider than 7th peraeon 
segment, postero-lateral angles acute, but not produced, segments 
2, 3 and 4 wider than Ist, postero-lateral angles acute, slightly pro- 
duced. ‘Telson triangular, apex rounded, sides very slightly convex, 
faintly and irregularly crenulate, with an occasional small spine 
and fringed with plumose setae, a very shallow and obscure median 
longitudinal groove. 

First antenna reaching to middle of 5th peduncular joint of 
second antenna, 2nd joint twice length of 1st, with 2 plumose setae 
on inner apex, 3rd joint a little longer, flagellum equal to or a little 
longer than 38rd peduncular joint, 5-jointed, 5th joint minute, a 
pair of sensory filaments on 2nd—5th joints. 

Second antenna reaching to posterior margin of 2nd peraeon 


370 Annals of the South African Museum. 


segment, 3rd and 4th joints subequal, 5th joint longest, flagellum 
equal to peduncle, 12-jointed. 

Mandibles, palp with Ist joint longest, 3rd shortest, narrow and 
tapering. 

First maxilla very slender, apex with a short stout spine and 
3-4 setules. 

Second maxilla about thrice as broad as first maxilla, apex 
bilobed, each lobe with a small apical point. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint 34 times as long as broad, with 1 long 
plumose seta on outer apical angle, 3rd joint equal to apical width 
of 2nd, apical joint with 3—4 recurved spines. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint with 1 strong spine and 1 seta on outer 
apex, 4th joint with 3 spines on outer apex, inner margin with 1 
small spine at base and 2 unequal blunt spines near apex, dth joint 
with 1 small spine on inner margin, 6th joint with inner margin 
obliquely produced, apex with 2 low and blunt teeth and 4 sub- 
marginal spines, in ? the teeth are obsolete and 3rd joint has only 
1 apical spine on inner margin. 

Second and third peraeopods similar, but 4th joint has on inner 
margin 1 stout, blunt spine at base and 2 unequal, blunt spines 
at apex. 

Fourth to seventh peraeopods, 3rd joint shorter than 2nd in 4th 
and 5th peraeopods, subequal in 6th and 7th, inner margin of 3rd, 
4th and 5th joints with numerous blunt tubercles as well as fairly 
numerous spines, spines at the apices of the joints strong. 

Second pleopod, outer ramus larger than inner, inner apex of 
peduncle with 4 hooked and several simple setae, male stylet 
slender and tapering to an acute apex, shorter than ramus. 

Uropods scarcely reaching telsonic apex; peduncle extends 
nearly to end of inner ramus; inner ramus obovate, apex rounded, 
margins crenulate and fringed with plumose setae, 2 spines on 
outer distal margin, in @ similar but more feebly crenulate ; outer 
ramus subequal to inner ramus in 4, lanceolate, apex acute, 
margins denticulate, outer margin in addition with 6-7 teeth, 
increasing in size distally, each with a spine springing from its 
posterior basal angle, fringed with plumose setae, in @ rather 
shorter than inner ramus, tapering rather more abruptly to the 
acute apex, teeth on outer margin not so strong. 

Length: 3 14mm., 9 12 mm.; breadth: g¢ 65 mm., 9 6mm. 

Colour : In spirit, uniform yellowish. 

Locality: Umbhloti River mouth NW. 4 W. distant 15 miles 
(Natal). 100 fathoms. 19/12/00. 1 g¢, 1 juv. Umbhloti River mouth 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, .371 


N. by W. $ W. distant 8 miles. 40 fathoms. 18/12/00. 2 ovigerous 
2? @. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” (8.A.M. Nos. A246 and 150986.) 

ft. granulosa is in many respects close to R. tuberculosa, Rich., 
but is clearly distinguished by the weaker sculpturing on the body, 
the shape and armature of the 6th joint of the first 3 pairs of 
peraeopods and the acute apex of the outer ramus of uropods. 
The last but one character and the absence of ornamentation on 
the telson serve to distinguish it from R. signata, Sch. & Mein., 
and F&. aries, Sch. & Mein. 


Faminry CYMOTHOIDAH. 


1867. Cymothoidae, Bate & Westwood, Brit. Sessile-eyed Crust. 
vol, 2, p. 274. 

1900. 3 Stebbing, 8.A. Crust. pt. 1, p.55. (References ) 

1910. A Thielemann, Abh. Ak. Wiss. Munich, 
2 Suppl. Bd. 3 Abt. p. 33. 


Gen. NEROCILA, Leach. 


1818. Nerocila, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 351. 
1902. es Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 55. (References.) 
1905. rs Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 219. 


NEROCILA RHABDOTA, Koelbel. 


1979. Nerocila rhabdota, WKoelbel, Sitzber. K.K. Ak. Wiss. Wien 
(Math, nat. Ki) Bd 78), Abt. 1, 
Jahrg. 1878. 

1881. . a Schioedte & Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr. 
ser, 3, vol. 13; p:.99) spl) 25 ies: 10,6 
(ovigerous @ ). 

Among several specimens of N. cephalotes, Sch. & Mein., collected 
by the s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure,’ are two specimens which agree with the 
description and figures of N. rhabdota given by the joint authors 
except in one respect: the inner ramus of the uropods. According to 
the description it is ‘‘ narrow, obtuse, extending only a little beyond 
the apex of telson,’ whereas in one of the South African specimens 
(immature ?) it resembles the inner ramus of N. cephalotes, 1.e., 
it is acute, with a tooth on inner distal margin, but it does not 
extend so much beyond the telsonic apex as in the latter species. 
In the other specimen both inner rami are broken off short. 


372 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Since in all other respects, especially as regards the lateral 
margins of the peraeon segments and the epimera, both specimens 
cannot be separated from the typical N. rhabdota, the variation in 
the uropods must be looked upon as local. 

Length : 33 mm. ; breadth: 13 mm. (not including lateral spines). 

Colour : In spirit, uniform yellowish. 

Locality : Bakkoven Rock W. +N. distant 3 mile (False Bay). 
22 fathoms. 7/6/00. limmature @. Flesh Point N. by E. + E. 
distant 4 miles. 29 fathoms. 28/1/04. 1 ovigerous ? (‘‘ taken from 
a branching sponge’’). 33° 24'S. 26°12’ KE. 20-30 fathoms. 15/3/99. 
1 ovigerous 9. s.s. ‘Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. Nos. 150969, 150970 
and A2713. ) 

Geogr. Distribution : Senegal, from pectoral fin of Psettus seba, 
C. & V. (Koelbel). 


NEROCILA TRICHIURA (Miers). 


1847. Aniloera trichiura, White, List. Crust. Brit. Mus. p. 108. 
Nulla deser. 


1877. 4 ms Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1877, 
p.. O17, pl. 69 shess ‘biGas 
1881. Nerocila * Schioedte & Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr. 


ser. 3, vol 13, p. 83, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2 
(ovigerous @ ). 

1910. x2 a Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 
vol: 145 jt. ty pie lo2: 


One immature 9, 24 mm. long, 8 mm. broad, is in the ‘ Pieter 
Faure ”’ collection, but without record of exact locality. (S.A.M. 
No. A2564.) 

Geogr. Distribution : Indian Ocean (White); Mauritius (Miers) ; 
Atlantic Ocean (Schioedte & Meinert); Philippine Islands ? 
(Schioedte & Meinert); Great Chagos (Stebbing). 

Parasitic on Flying-fishes (Hrocoetus spp.). 


Gren. IRONA, Schioedte & Meinert. 


1884. Irona, Schioedte & Meinert, Naturh. Tidsskr. ser. 3, vol. 14, 
p. 3d1. 

1897. », Hansen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. vol. 31, No. 5, 
p: 110: 

1905. ,,  stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23, p. 27. 

1905. » Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, No. 54, p. 268. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 373 


IRONA MELANOsTICTA, Schioedte & Meinert. 


1884. Irona melanosticta, Schioedte & Meinert, lc. p. 388, pl. 17, 
figs. 3-5 (2). 

L910. Ks 7 Thielemann, Abh. Ak. Wiss. Munich, 
2 Suppl. Bd. 3 Abt. p. 45, pl. 2, 
figs. 28, 29. 


The ? agrees well with the original description except in a few 
particulars. The epimera are scarcely subpendulous or declivous 
on the right, on the left side not at all so, but continued in the 
same plane as the segments; the epimera of segments 2 and 3 are 
the narrowest, that of 4th segment much the largest, those of 
segments 5-7 intermediate in size. The uropods are not shorter 
than telson, but the inner ramus extends a little, the outer for 
nearly half its own length, beyond the telsonic apex. Both pairs 
of antennae are §8-jointed, the division between peduncle and 
flagellum indistinct. Peraeon segments, except Ist, with an obscure 
median depression ,on anterior margin, deepest on the 2nd—4th 
segments. The specimen is curved to the right. 

The g is more symmetrical, the head proportionately larger, 1st 
peraeon segment longest, the rest subequal. Antero-lateral angles 
on 2nd and 3rd segments not marked off by oblique grooves as in ?. 
Epimera pendulous, those of 2nd and 3rd segments deepest, 
posterior margins truncate, that of 4th segment small, those of 5th— 
7th segments subequal, posterior margins rounded. First and 
lateral portions of 2nd pleon segments concealed, posterior margin 
of 5th segment not sinuous. Telson almost as long as broad, apex 
broadly rounded. 

First and second antennae 8-jointed, peduncle and flagellum not 
distinct. 

Upper lip very faintly emarginate, not 4-lobed as in I. nanoides, 
Stebbing. 

Mandibles, palp stout, Ist and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd small, all 
joints without setae. 

First maxilla, apex with 3 spines, but the other two appear to 
have been broken off. 

Second maxilla, apex of trunk apparently with 2 small lobes each 
bearing 3 hooked spines. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint 24 times as long as broad, inner margin bent 
inwards at right angles to outer surface, 3rd joint 4 as long as 2nd, 
4th joint half length of 3rd, apex with 3 hooked spines. 

First and second pleopods, outer ramus broader but not so long 

29 


374 Annals of the South African Museum. 


as inner, male stylet on second pleopod arising from base of and 
extending 2 along ramus, apex blunt, peduncle with prominent oval 
‘epipod”’ on outer margin, inner apical angle without setae. 

Uropods much longer than telson, inner ramus 4 as long again as 
telson, outer ramus 1% times as iene as telson. 

Length: 315mm., ? 22 mm.; breadth: §¢ 6mm., 2? 13 mm. 

Colour : Yellowish-white with Pine bluish tinge, talon except the 
posterior margin bluish black, eyes black. 

Locality: Chinde, mouth of Zambezi River. 4/11/12. 1¢,19 
with embryos. (K.H.B.) In left branchial cavity of Tylosawrus 
choram, Forsk. (S.A.M. No. A267.) 

Geogr. Distribution: Japan, Sandwich Islands (Sch. & Mein.) ; 
Japan, on Belone sp. (Thielemann). 


Faminry SPHAHROMIDAE. 
For references see Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. 1910, p. 426. 
Also :-— 


1908. Baker, Tr. and Proc. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr. vol. 32, p. 138. 
1910. id. ibid. vol. 34, p. 75. 
pots id. abid: vol. 30, p.. Sa: 


Group HEMIBRANCHIATAH, Hansen. 


Gren. EXOSPHAEROMA, Stebbing. 
1900. EHxosphaeroma, Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 553. 


1910. " id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 428. 
1913, te Tattersall, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 49, pt. 4, 
p. 882. 


EXOSPHAEROMA GIGAS (Leach). 
1818. Sphaeroma gigas, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 346. 


1843. 53 jurinu, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust. p. 65 (non 
Audouin). 

1900. Exosphaeroma gigas, Stebbing, l.c. p. 553, pl. 39. 

1902. Aa 3) ddqis. Aime. Crust. pi: 2.) 0569: 

LSU), », id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 428. 


LILO: Supariaies Juri, id. ibid. p. 427. (Quotes Krauss.) 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 375 


I follow Hansen (1905) and Stebbing (in 1902) in keeping EL. gigas 
(Leach) and #. lanceolatwm (White) separate, and the above 
synonymy refers only to the form known as #. gigas and figured by 
Stebbing in 1900. Stebbing included the species in the South 
African fauna from an examination of specimens from the Buffalo 
River. These specimens however are immature. I have 
examined a large series of all ages collected in the Cape Peninsula ; 
those of the same size as Stebbing’s specimens are in all respects 
indistinguishable from his, but the adults have the uropods extending 
to the end of the telson and of a different shape. There seems 
therefore to be some little doubt as to the specific identity of the 
Cape and the Falkland Islands specimens. Owing to the absence of 
authenticated specimens of H. gigas from the latter locality I am not 
at present able to carry out a detailed comparison of the two forms. 

On the other hand, the identity of Krauss’ guriniz with the form 
here called gigas is certain (see Introduction). 

Specimens from Salt River (Cape Town) in a ‘pool half a mile 
from sea’ (Dr. W. F. Purcell, S.A.M. No. 9869) have the inner 
ramus of the uropods sparsely setose, the outer ramus apically 
subacute and minutely serrulate on outer distal margin, both 
margins setose, the inner margin especially so. The uropods of the 
Buffalo River specimens identified by Stebbing are also setose, but 
the other specimens from Table Bay have the uropods nonsetose or 
very nearly so; this is the case also with the Falkland Islands 
specimens. 

Stebbing recorded also HE. lanceolatum (White) from Sebastian 
Bay. I have collected other specimens in Table Bay which appear 
to be referable to that species. Dr. W. M. Tattersall has kindly 
examined them and states that he considers the identification correct. 
However, as I have seen no authentic specimens of lanceolatwm I 
think it best to exclude description and localities of the South 
African form from this present paper. 


EXXOSPHAEROMA KRAUSSI, Tattersall. 
(Plate XXXII. D.) 


1843. Sphaeroma tristense, Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust. p. 65 (non 
Leach). 
1910. o 7 Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 427. 
(Quotes Krauss.) 
1913. Hxosphaeroma krausst, Tattersall, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 
vol. 49, pt. 4, p. 884, pl. figs. 
2,0) (2): 


376 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Dr. Tattersall assures me that adult specimens, which I had sent 
to him, are the same as his species, so that I am able to add the 
description of the adult g¢ and @. Moreover I am able to confirm 
his suspicion that this was the species which Krauss mistook for 
tristense (Leach); if Dr. Tattersall had seen an adult g (as was 
Krauss’ specimen) he would have had no difficulty with the 
adjective ‘‘stumpfe,” as applied to the telsonic apex, in Krauss” 
diagnosis. 

Male. The tubercles are obsolete on the anterior peraeon seg- 
ments and those that are present on the posterior segments are 
less conspicuous than in the female. The swellings at the junctions 
of the epimera and body segments are however as strong or even 
slightly stronger. Tubercles on 4th pleon segment (not 3rd as in 
Tattersall’s description) not quite as strong. Telson with 2 blunt 
basal carinae and a median apical one, which latter is fainter in g 
than in ?. The sides slightly concave, apex obtusely pointed. 

Uropods much larger proportionately than in @ ; inner ramus 
nearly reaching telsonic apex, apically subtruncate, with very fine 
indentations on apical margin; outer ramus reaching telsonic apex, 
ovate, apex subacute, outer distal margin minutely serrulated. 

Apex of inner ramus of adult ? blunter than in Tattersall’s figure 
and more resembling that of 3. 

The following details apply to both sexes :— 

Anterior margin of head with 2 semicircular indents on either side 
of median point, the flat, straight keel between these indents and the 
eyes rather strongly produced, 

The epimera, as compared with those of H. gigas, are more 
separated, squarer, the antero-lateral angles less rounded. 

First antenna reaching to middle of lst peraeon segment, 1st 
joint rather less than twice as long as broad, 2nd as long as_ broad, 
nearly 4 Ist, 3rd equal to 2 Ist, flagellum equal to Ist and 
2nd peduncular joints together, 11-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching almost to end of 3rd peraeon segment, 
1st—4th joints gradually increasing in length, 5th equal to Ist and 
2nd together, flagellum longer than peduncle, 17-jointed. 

Epistome, width across proximal end nearly equal to that across 
the arms, proximal margin flatly rounded, sides deeply concave. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge tridentate, secondary cutting-edge in left 
bidentate, spine-row with 6 spines in left, 10 in right, palp with 
1st joint stouter than 2nd and 3rd, Ist and drd subequal, 2nd 
longer, 2nd and 38rd with strong fringe of doubly denticulate 


setae. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 377 


First maxilla, outer plate with 8 spines, innermost 2 denticulate, 
inner plate with 4 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, all lobes subequal in width, outer and middle ones 
both with 8 spine-setae. 

Maxilliped normal. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, apically blunt, 
distance apart equal to the width of one of them. 

First to third pleopods with 4 hooked setae on inner apical angle 
of peduncle. 

Male stylet on 2nd pleopod + as long again as ramus, tapering to 
a fine point. 

Length: §¢ 12 mm., ? 10mm.; breadth: 6:5 mm., 2? 5:25 mm. 

Colour: Usually a uniform yellowish brown, the borders of the 
segments and the tubercles of a brighter and deeper hue; or the 
male has head, lateral parts of 1st peraeon segment, whole of 5th, 
6th and 7th segments, the two tubercles on 4th pleon segment, 
posterior half of telson and uropods pale whitish, the central part of 
lst peraeon segment, whole of 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments, 1st—4th 
pleon segments and basal half of telson sepia-brown ; the femaie 
corresponding to this form either resembles the ¢ or has the head, 
peraeon, pleon and basal central part of telson brown, the remainder 
of telson and the uropods pale ; both sexes with a light brown band 
across the middle of the uropods. Specimens also occur of a nearly 
uniform slaty-grey colour, or grey-brown with lighter mottlings, or 
(very rarely) pure white. 

Locality : Various places in Table Bay (R. M. Lightfoot, K.H.B.), 
(S.A.M. Nos. A243, A2283, A2565, and A2605); St. James, False 
Bay (Dr. W. F. Purcell, K.H.B.), (S.A.M. Nos. 9859 and A26777) ; 
Smitswinkel Bay, False Bay. 5/7/12. (K.H.B.) ¢ g and ovigerous 
2 @ (S.A.M. No. A2467); Saldanha Bay. 5/9/12. (K.H.B.) 3 3 
and ovigerous ? ? (S.A.M. No. A2462); Hast London. 3/7/01. 
s.s. “ Pieter Faure’ (S.A.M. No. A241). Between tide-marks. 

Saldanha Bay (Tattersall). ; 

The specimens from False Bay and Hast London are smaller than 
those from Table Bay. 


EXOSPHAEROMA BREVITELSON, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXXIT. B.) 
Body moderately convex, smooth, epimera visible in dorsal view. 
Anterior margin of head with 2 shallow indents on either side of 
median point, Peraeon segments without any tubercles, only a 


378 Annals of the South African Museum. 


slight swelling on either side of junction of epimera with body- 
segments, Epimera separated, antero-lateral angles well rounded. 
Pleon segments 1-4 without tubercles. Telson triangular, broader 
than long, margins straight, apex subacute in g, rather more 
rounded in @?, in both sexes 2 submedian longitudinal carinae 
begin near base and extend to centre, where they break up into 
separate tubercles which join to form a single median carina 
(usually broken up into separate tubercles) extending almost to 
apex. Surface of the telson in addition with a number of small 
scattered granules. 

First antenna reaching to end of 1st peraeon segment, Ist joint 
14 times as long as wide, 2nd joint as long as width of 1st, 3rd joint 
3 length of Ist, flagellum not quite as long as peduncle, 11-jointed 
in g, 9-jointed in 9. 

Second antenna reaching to end of 2nd peraeon segment, joints 
of peduncle increasing gradually, flagellum equal to peduncle, 
14-jointed. 

Epistome, proximal angles bevelled off, proximal margin straight, 
sides straight, not concave (i.e., as far as point where the arms 
bend outwards). 

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge in left 
tridentate, spine-row with ca. 10 spines in left, ca. 14 in right, 
1st joint of palp not stronger than others, 2nd longest, 2nd and 3rd 
with strong fringe of doubly denticulate setae. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates both with 10 spine-setae. 

Maxilliped normal. 

First peraeopod, inner apical angle of 4th and dth joints with 
1 strong, apically bifid seta, 6th joint with 3 such setae and 1 doubly 
serrulate spine at apex. 

Seventh peraeopod, fur on 6th joint weaker than in other 
peraeopods, 4 apically bifid spines on inner margin, 5th joint 
with apical circlet of doubly serrate spines. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, apices blunt, 
distance apart equal to the width of one of them. 

First to third pleopods with 4 hooked setae on inner apical angle 
of peduncle. 

Male stylet on 2nd pleopod half as long again as ramus, tapering 
to a fine point. 

Uropods in ¢ large, lamellar, extending beyond telsonic apex, 
inner ramus broader distally than basally, apex truncate, inner 
apical angle just beyond telsonic apex, outer ramus nearly as long, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 379 


but not quite as broad as inner, broader distally than basally, apex 
rounded-truncate ; in 9 extending almost to telsonic apex, general 
shape the same asin g but smallerand narrower; margins of both 
rami in both sexes entire. 

Length: 3 9°5 mm. (excl. uropods), 9 75 mm.; breadth: 3 
oS mm., 9? 4 mm. 

Colour : Head and peraeon brownish, segments 5-7 lighter than 
the anterior segments, especially at the sides, margins of the 
segments as well as those of epistome and peduncles of antennae 
orange, pleon dark brown, telson and basal half of uropods dark 
brown, the apex of telson to half-way along margins and the distal 
half of uropods white, basal margins of uropods orange. 

Locality: Sea Point near Cape Town. 29/11/13. (K.H.B.) 
3 Ss ovigerous ? 2 and juv. (8.A.M. No. A2628.) Low-tide, 
under stones. 


HXOSPHAEROMA VARICOLOR, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXXII. C.) 


Body rather strongly convex, smooth, the epimera scarcely visible 
in dorsal view. Anterior margin of head with 1 fairly deep and 
1 shallow indentation on either side of median point. Peraeon 
segments quite smooth; in some ¢ g there are 2 very obscure 
submedian tubercles (mere indications), which however are totally 
absent in other # g andin 2 ?. Epimera bent downwards almost 
vertically, not so separated as in H. gigas, the antero-lateral angles 
obsolete, the postero-lateral subacute. Pleon with 2 very obscure 
submedian tubercles on hind margin of segment 4 in both sexes. 
Telson as long as broad, sides almost straight, apex rounded, surface 
smooth with 2 blunt, submedian carinae, with groove between them, 
on basal portion, the carinae more prominent distally than basally. 

Antennae similar to those of the last species, flagellum of Ist 
10-jointed, of 2nd 14-jointed. 

Epistome similar to that of the last species but sides concave. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate in left, 3-dentate in right, 
secondary cutting-edge in left 3-dentate, spine-row with ca. 6 spines 
in left, ca. 9 in right, palp stout, 2nd joint longest, 2nd and 3rd 
joints strongly fringed. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates both with 10 spines. 

Maxilliped normal. 

First peraeopod, 2nd joint with 1 strong outstanding spine on 
middle of outer margin, inner apical angles of 4th, 5th and 6th joints 


380 Annals of the South African Museum. 


each with 1 strong, apically bifid spine, fur on 4th, 5th and 6th 
jeints very thick. 

Seventh peraeopod, circlet of serrate spines on apex of dth joint not 
well developed, inner margin of 6th joint less furry than in other 
peraeopods, with 4 strong spines. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, apices blunt, 
distance apart equal to the width of one of them. 

First to third pleopods with 3 hooked setae. 

Male stylet on 2nd pleopod half as long again as ramus, tapering 
to a fine point. 

Uropods almost three-quarters the length of telson in both sexes, 
both rami ovate, apically rounded, inner ramus a little longer than 
outer, with apex slightly more pointed. 

Length: 8 10:5 mm., ¢ 6 mm.; breadth: g.525 mm., ¢ 
3 mm. 

Colour: Very variable: uniform pure white or grey; or white 
with head and 1st peraeon segment brown, or peraeon segments 
1 and 4 brown, or peraeon segments 1—4, pleon and lateral portions 
of telson brown; or white or grey speckled with darker; or grey 
mottled with darker patches; or white with purplish-brown trans- 
verse bands, 1 across head and each peraeon segment, 1 across the 
united pleon segments 1-4 and 3 more or less curved, across the 
telson, the last one corresponding with the curve of the distal 
margin. This last form is characteristic of ? 9, as only one g 
with such colouration has been found. The other common form 
of ? is white with head and Ist peraeon segment brown. 

Locality : Woodstock Beach. 1896. (Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist.) 
Saldanha Bay. 5/9/12. (K.H.B.) Sea Point, near Cape Town. 
29/11/13. (K.A.B.) 33%, 22 with ova and embryos, and juv. 
(S.A.M. Nos. A85, A2559 and A2629 respectively.) Low-tide, under 
stones. 


EXOSPHAEROMA PLANUM, 0. Sp. 
(Plate XXXII. F.) 

Body very flat, inferior margin of epimera not visible in dorsal 
view. Head irregularly granular, anterior margin with a fairly 
deep indentation on either side of median point. Peraeon 
segments with short longitudinal rugae on lateral portions, the 
rugae breaking up into irregular granules in centre; 7th segment 
without any process; junctions of epimera with body segments 
rather sunk; the epimera rather swollen, curved over on to the 
ventral surface, overlapping (not separated as in H. gigas), 2 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 381 


longitudinal rugae and some irregular granules on dorsal surface 
and one ruga where the dorsal and ventral surfaces meet, only 
one ruga on the epimeron of 7th segment. Pleon segments 
minutely granular but otherwise without ornamentation. Telson 
triangular, a little broader than long, minutely granular, the 
granules being largest on the central raised portion; this part 
bears 2 sharp longitudinal keels, slightly more prominent in ? 
than ¢g, which run from base of telson to the centre, where they 
unite and continue as a single median, less well-defined keel, to 
the apex; side margins nearly straight, apex subacute. 

First antenna reaching to middle of Ist peraeon segment, Ist 
joint 14 times as long as wide, 2nd joint + length of Ist, 3rd joint 
3 length of Ist, flagellum as long as 1st and 2nd peduncular 
joints together, 1l-jomted in g¢, 10 in 9. 

Second antenna reaching to end of 2nd peraeon segment, joints 
gradually increasing in length to 4th, 5th joint very little longer 
than 4th, flagellum a little longer than peduncle, 17-jointed in 
har lo inane 

Kpistome, proximal angles bevelled off, proximal and lateral 
margins straight, a deep oval pit occupying the greater portion 
of the proximal end. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge obscurely bifid, secondary cutting-edge 
in left tridentate, spine-row with ca. 10 spines in left, ca. 14 in 
right, palp stout, Ist and 3rd joints subequal, 2nd longer, a strong 
fringe of serrate setae on 2nd and 3rd joints. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines, inner plate with 4 
plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates each with 12 spines. 

Maxilliped, length of 2nd joint equal to twice width at distal end 
but not twice that of basal width, 1 coupling-hook on inner plate, 
4th, 5th and 6th joints lobed internally. 

Peraeopods stout; 7th peraeopod with circlet of doubly serrate 
spines on apex of 5th joint and 5 stout spines on inner margin of 
6th joint, fur on 6th joint also less dense than in the other 
peraeopods. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment stout, apices blunt, 
distance apart equal to the width of one of them. 

First to 3rd pleopods with 4 hooked setae on inner apex of 
peduncle. Male stylet on 2nd pleopod half as long again as 
ramus, tapering to a fine point. 

Uropods in g extending to end of telson, inner ramus truncate 
apically, inner apical angle subacute, outer apical angle rounded,, 


382 Annals of the South African Museum. 


outer ramus subequal in size, ovate, apically rounded; in ¢ similar 
in shape but not quite reaching telsonic apex. 

Length: g 15 mm., 9 12 mm.; breadth: g¢ 75 mm., ° 6mm. 

Colour: Brown, inclining to orange on the margins of the seg- 
ments, with the front of head, epistome, posterior margin of 4th 
pleon segment, whole of telson and uropods white with very faint 
tinge of grey due to minute pigment specks; one specimen wholly 
white, only 1st-4th pleon segments brown. 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 14/12/13. (K.H.B.) 
3 S, ovigerous ? andjuv. (S.A.M. No. A2651.) Low-tide, under 
stones. 


EXOSPHAEROMA PORRECTUM, 0. Sp. 
(Plate XXXII. E.) 


Body nearly parallel-sided, slightly wider across the posterior 
peraeon segments than across the anterior ones, glabrous. 

Head with two small angular projections on antero-lateral 
margins and a median tubercle on frontal margin, dorsal surface 
with 4 transverse rows of tubercles respectively 2, 4, 3 and 3 in 
number, the last row being on the posterior margin of head; eyes 
large, black. 

Peraeon with Ist segment twice as long as the others, which 
are subequal, two transverse rows of tubercles on Ist segment, 
the anterior one composed of 5, the posterior one of 7 blunt 
tubercles (2 and 3 respectively on either side of a median one); 
2nd and 3rd segments each with a single row of 7 tubercles; 
4th-6th segments each with a single row of 6 tubercles, the 
median one being absent; 7th segment narrower than 6th with 
4 tubercles and a small indentation on posterior margin at the 
junction of the epimeron with dorsum; junctions between Ist—6th 
epimera and their segments nodular, 2nd—5th epimera bent down- 
wards at right angles, distant from one another and slightly 
excavated in front of a low oblique ridge; bases of epimera inter- 
locking ventrally. 

Pleon longer than peraeon, 4th segment with 2 submedian 
tubercles on posterior margin; telson longer than broad, its 
posterior third rather suddenly narrowed to a long tapering 
dorsally keeled apex; 3 transverse rows of tubercles, the first 
composed of 2 large submedian tubercles, the second of 4, the 
2 submedian ones longer than the lateral ones, the third of 2 
small submedian tubercles; a faint indication of a tubercle at 
the base of the apical keel, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 383 


First antenna reaching to anterior margin of Ist peracon segment, 
Ist joint of peduncle stout, half as long again as broad, 2nd joint 
nearly half length of 1st but narrower, 3rd joint 2 length of Ist, 
slender, flagellum nearly as long as peduncle, 8-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching to posterior margin of lst peraeon 
segment, flagellum as long as peduncle, 11-jointed. 

Epistome prominent in a dorsal view of the animal, proximal 
end straight, angles rounded, margins strongly concave, the arms 
wide and embracing the upper lip. 

Mandibles with cutting-edge entire (or obscurely bifid in the 
left), secondary cutting-edge in the left feebly bifid, spine-row 
with ca. 8 spines in the left and ca. 4 in the right, molar oblique, 
setiferous ; palp with Ist and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd shorter. 

First maxilla with 8 spines on outer lobe, the 4 inmost spines 
serrulate. 

Second maxilla with ca. 8 setae on outer and middle lobes. 

Remaining mouth parts as in normal Hxosphaeroma. 

First peraeopod, outer margin of 3rd joint and apex of 4th each 
with 1 spine, inner margin of 6th joint with 2 spines near apex. 

Second peraeopod, outer apex of 4th joint with 2 spines, 5th joint 
without spines. 

Third to seventh peraeopods, 5th joint with serrate spines all 
round apex, inner margin of 6th joint of 7th peraeopod not furry, 
with 2 distant spines. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, blunt, and some 
distance apart. 

Second pleopod, inner apex of peduncle with 3 hooked spines, 
male stylet half as long again as ramus. 

Third pleopod, outer ramus distinctly 2-jointed. 

Fourth and fifth pleopods, outer ramus membranous and 
2-jointed. 

Uropods not extending more than } length of telson, inner 
ramus parallel-sided, apex feebly bifid, outer ramus rather longer 
than inner, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute and outwardly recurved. 

Length: 5mm.; breadth: 2:5 mm. 

Colour: Light brown with the lateral parts of the 4th peraeon 
segment, the base of the pleon and a band across the telson and 
uropods rather darker, most of the tubercles (especially anteriorly) 
are tipped with yellowish brown, the others white. 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 29/11/13. (K.H.B.) 
3 gg under stones at low-tide. (S.A.M. No. A2625.) 


384 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gren. ISOCLADUS, Miers. 

1876. Isocladus, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 17, p. 228. 

1905. ae Hansen, Q. J. Microsc. Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, pp. 103, 
SE 

1906. ie Richardson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 31 (1907), 
pe Le: 

1910. . Baker, Tr. R. Soe. §. Austr. vol. 34, p. 84. 


ISOCLADUS TRISTENSIS (Leach). 
(Plate XX XIII. B.) 
1818. Sphaeroma tristense, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 345 


(2203): 

1840. aa Fe M. Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, 
p. 207. 

1905. sen an(c)) (use Hansen, l.c. p. 117. 


?1906. Lsocladus magellanensis, Richardson, l.c. p. 114, fig. 18 (3). 

1913. Hxosphaeroma tristense, Tattersall, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 
vol, 495 pt.) p 882; plangit 
(juv.eo)): 

Body perfectly smooth and glabrous. Seventh peraeon segment 
scarcely wider than 6th in 3, with a long backward, slightly curved 
process reaching to the telsonic apex, in 2 quite plain. Junction of 
epimera with segments well marked, but no sutures. Epimera 
triangular, narrowing into blunt backwardly directed processes, 
that of 7th segment not concealing lateral portion of 2nd pleon 
segment. Pleon quite smooth, telson more strongly convex in 9 
than in g, the elongate tubercles at base very obscure, apex sub- 
acute, not produced, with a very shallow ventral groove in both 
SEXES. 

First antenna, 2nd joint one-third length of 1st, which is stout and 
internally concave, 3rd joint ? length of Ist, slender, flagellum as 
long as Ist and 2nd peduncular joints together, 12-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching to end of 3rd peraeon segment, Ist joint 
shortest, 2nd joint a little longer, 3rd and 4th joints subequal, a little 
longer than 2nd, 5th joint equal to Ist and 2nd together, flagellum a 
little longer than peduncle, 14-jointed. 

Upper lip triangular with distal margin straight or sightly concave, 
setose. Epistome broad proximally. 

Lower lip with the lobes oval, apically rounded, setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate in left, obscurely tridentate in 
right, secondary cutting-edge in left tridentate, in right represented 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 385 


by a stout, colourless, bifid spine, spine-row with ca. 10 spines in 
left, 12 in right, molar strong, denticulate, with a tuft of setae, palp 
stout, Ist and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd a little longer. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 8-9 spines, the inner ones den- 
ticulate, inner plate with 4 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, all three plates subequal in width, outer and 
middle each with 13 denticulate spine-setae. 

Maxilliped with inner plate nearly as long as 2nd joint, one 
coupling-hook. 

All peraeopods with thick fur on inner margin of 4th—6th joints 
(except the 6th joint of 7th peraeopod), 3rd joint with 2-3 spines in 
middle of outer margin, 4th joint with 3-4 spines on expanded outer 
apex, 5th joint of 6th and 7th peraeopods with apical circle of 
serrulate spines. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, narrow, 
apices blunt. 

First to third pleopods with 4 hooked setae on inner apex of 
peduncle. Male stylet on 2nd pleopod nearly half as long again 
as ramus. 

Third pleopod with 2-jointed outer ramus, 

Fourth and fifth pleopods, inner ramus fleshy, with transverse 
folds, outer ramus pellucid, 2-jointed, outer margins of outer 
rami of 4th and 5th pleopods and of inner ramus of 4th pleopod 
setulose. 

Uropods extending in @ as far as, in 9 a little beyond, the 
telsonic apex, broad and ovate in g, narrower and lanceolate in 9, 
outer ramus a little shorter than inner. 

Length: g 116 mm., ? 105 mm.; breadih: 3 6mm., 2 5mm. 

Colour: In spirit, dark brownish grey. 

Locality: Tristan d’Acunha. One adult g, several nonovigerous 
2 2 and young of both sexes. (P. C. Keytel.) 1909. (S.A.M. 
No. A249.) 

Geogr. Distribution: Tristan d’Acunha (Leach); Straits of 
Magellan (Richardson); Gough Island (Tattersall). 

With regard to the uropods it may be pointed out that Miss 
Richardson’s figure hardly conforms to her statement that “ the 
branches of the uropoda are alike in size and shape .. .’’; for the 
inner branch is evenly rounded, whereas the outer has a blunt 
rounded projection on the outer distal angle. This however may 
be due to an exaggeration on the part of the artist. In the 
Tristan specimens both branches are rounded at the end, and the 
outer is shorter than the inner. No doubt local influences are the 


386 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


explanation of these small differences, including the slightly longer 
antennae. 

It may also be noted that, where in Miss Richardson’s text ‘“ only 
one specimen, a female”’ occurs, ‘ male” is evidently intended ; the 
explanation to figure 18 is correctly given. 

Dr. Tattersall has kindly examined one of my young ¢ ¢ from 
Tristan, and states that it is exactly the same as his from Gough 
Island. 

Tattersall (I.c. p. 884) has suggested the possibility of S. stimpsoni, 
Heller, S. lewcura, White, and S. integra, Heller, being synonyms of 
Leach’s species. And to include S. stimpsoni and his own speci- 
mens of S. tristense, he has emended the definition of the genus 
Exosphaeroma. This emendation is now found to be unnecessary, 
in view of the fact that S. stempsont 3 has a telsonic notch and that 
the adult 3 of S. tristense is undoubtedly an Isocladus. 

As regards S. leucura I can express no opinion, S. integra, 
Heller, the types of which I have examined, is certainly not 
synonymous with the present species, although it should be placed 
in the genus Isocladus. The three type specimens all have the 
g appendages on the 7th peraeon segment well developed and the 
stylet on the 2nd pleopod free from the inner ramus, but it is 
probable that the adult male with fully developed dorsal process has 
not yet been found. 

Although a detailed description of J. integer (Heller) is hardly 
within the scope of the present paper, the points in which it differs 
from I. tristensis (Leach) may be briefly mentioned. The epimera 
are larger and squarer, the 7th completely conceals the lateral 
portion of the 2nd pleon segment, the telson is not so convex, 
its flattened border proportionately larger, the apex blunter, the 
outer ramus of uropods extending only slightly beyond telsonic apex, 
the inner ramus with inner distal angle produced in a subacute 
point reaching to, but not beyond the telsonic apex, outer margin of 
inner ramus strongly convex (Heller’s figure in Novara Crust. 
pl. 12, fig. 8, is good, the left-hand inner ramus being quite 
correctly drawn), 


Gren. CYMODOCEB, Leach. 


1814. Cymodoce, Leach, Edinb. Encyel. vol. 7, p. 433. 

1902. 5 Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 73. 

19065. . id. in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. Rep. 
23, p. 42. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 387 


1905. Cymodoce, Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, pp. 70, 


104, 119. 

1910. My Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 14, 
pt: Bepy 10s 

1910. Es Richardson, Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc., No. 1736, 
Ds 20 


CYMODOCE AMPLIFRONS (Stebbing). 
1902. Hxosphaeroma amplifrons, Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 64, 


plat (Cs: 

1905. Cymodoce ¥ Hansen, l.c. p. 122. 

1910. es 2 Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. 
p. 429. 


The original description was based on male specimens, but 
Stebbing (l.c. p. 66) mentions a smaller specimen which “ differed 
from the largest and from the one figured by having the telsonic 
apex simple, not trilobed, and by having much-reduced lobes on the 
basal part of the telson.”’ 

Two large females agree with this description. Moreover the 
uropods are shorter and do not reach the telsonic apex. The only 
setae present on the pleon and uropods are: a row along the basal 
margin of 6th segment in advance of the insertion of the uropods; 
a tuft on the outer margin of peduncle of uropod; a tuft on inner 
apical angle of inner ramus; and a tuft on the underside of telson on 
either side of the terminal notch. 

The hind margins of the peraeon segments are not cut into blunt 
denticles as in g, but segments 1-5 are ornamented each with a 
transverse row of 7 tubercles (1 median, 1 medio-lateral and 2 
lateral), and segments 6 and 7 with a row of 6 tubercles (the median 
one being absent). The medio-lateral tubercles gradually converge 
posteriorly. On segments 6 and 7 there is a small inconspicuous 
tubercle between the medio-lateral and lateral tubercles. 

The peculiar pittings on the integument of 3 are inconspicuous 
im 9h 

Though apparently nearly full grown, these specimens are not 
ovigerous, and the mouth parts are not modified. 

Length: 13 mm.; breadth: 7 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, pinkish white. 

Locality: Port Shepstone WNW. distant 24 miles (Natal). 
24 fathoms. 15/3/01. Two nonovigerous 2? 92. ss. “Pieter 
Faure.” (S.A.M. No. A27.) 


388 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


CyMODOCE VALIDA (Stebbing). 
(Plate XX XIII. C.) 


1902. Hxosphaeroma validum, Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 66, 
placa s Ge) 
1905. Cymodoce valida, Hansen, Q. J. Microsce., Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, 
pp. 118-122. (Young ¢.) 
1910. a ss Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 430. 


Stebbing in 1910 included C. setwloswm (Stebbing) in the above 
synonymy as the female on the strength of Hansen’s remarks, (Lc. 
pp. 118-122). However, among the numerous specimens of 
Cymodoce collected by the s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure,” there are 3 adult 
females which I think should be referred to this species as the true 
female. Consequently C. setwloswm should be reinstated as a 
distinct species. There is also a large male agreeing essentially 
with Stebbing’s description, but nearly a third as long again as his 
specimens. 

Adult male. Peraeon smooth, without tubercles. The 4th 
segment of pleon with 2 inconspicuous submedian tubercles and 
another on the lateral portion ; telson with 2 large submedian bosses 
with minute subsidiary tubercles, apex truncate and shallowly 
trifid. 

Flagella of first and second antennae respectively 19 and 18- 
jointed. 

Outer plate of first maxilla with 10 spines. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint with 5-6 spine-setae on outer apex, 
spines on inner margins of 4th, 5th and 6th joints respectively 
8, 5 and 6. 

Male stylet on second pleopod extends beyond apex of ramus, 
curving slightly outwards towards the end and minutely spinulose, 
apex blunt. 

Ovigerous female. Peraeon smooth, without tubercles; pleon 
with 2 inconspicuous submedian tubercles on 4th segment and 2 
bosses on telson, telsonic apex truncate, with a shallow notch but 
without median lobes. Epimera, pleura, telson and uropods with a 
pellucid border and fine scattered setae. 

Flagella of first and second antennae respectively 22 and 16- 
jointed. 

The mouth parts metamorphosed. Lower lip small, consisting of 
2 blunt lobes. Incisive process of mandibles blunt, colourless, with 
a few minute setules, secondary cutting-edge, spine-row and molar 
absent. Outer lobe of first maxilla with blunt apex, marginal setules 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 389 


but no apical spines, inner lobe pointed, with 3 apical setae. The 
long setae on second maxilla are much reduced. Second joint and 
epipod of the maxilliped enlarged, with long marginal setae, the 
inner plate and 4 distal joints furnished only with fine setules. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint with 1 spine on outer apex, inner 
margins of 4th, 5th and 6th joints with 8, 6 and 7 spines respec- 
tively. 

A slightly smaller nonovigerous @ from Natal, with unmodified 
mouth parts, should also be referred to this species, although the 
integument is a little rougher than in the Mossel Bay specimens. 
Also the submedian bosses on telson are low, the tubercles on 4th 
pleon segment obsolete and the apex of outer ramus of uropods 
more pointed. 

Length: 3 22mm., 2? 15 mm.; breadth: g 12 mm., ? 7:5 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, yellowish white or dull pinkish, without trace of 
markings. Dr. Purcell gives the colour of his Kalk Bay specimen as 
‘light brown with coeruleous spots.” This accords well with the 
description which Stebbing gives of his specimens. 

Locality: 33° 6' S. 28° 11' E. (off Hast London). 85 fathoms. 
28/1/99. 1 3; Mossel Bay. 21 fathoms. 24/6/98. 3 ovigerous 
2? 2; Umbhlangakulu River mouth NW. by N. distant 74 miles 
(Natal). 50 fathoms. 14/3/01. 1 nonovigerous ?; s.s. ‘“ Pieter 
Faure.” Kalk Bay (False Bay). Low-tide, March, 1901. 1 non- 
ovigerous @. (Dr. W. F. Purcell.) (S.A.M. Nos. A42, A37, A46 
and 9862 respectively.) . 


CYMODOCE SETULOSA (Stebbing). 
1902. Hxosphaeroma setulosum, Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 2, p. 68, 
jo ay (22) 
1905. Cymodoce sp., Hansen, Q. J. Microsc. Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, 
pp. 118-122. 
ONO: i valida (part), Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. 
p. 430. 

As stated above, I do not think this can be regarded as the female 
of C. valida, but must be separated under its former specific name. 
‘The male is at present unknown. 


CYMODOCE AFRICANA, 0. sp. 
(Plate XX XIII. F.) 
Peraeon segments with 4 inconspicuous widely spaced tubercles, 
posterior margins of segments and the epimera granulate and 


30 


390 Annals of the South African Museun. 


setiferous. Pleon of male granular, 4th segment with 2 submedian 
bosses and one lateral tubercle, telson with 2 submedian tubercles 
near base and 2 more prominent ones in the centre, apex trifid, the 
median lobe not as long as lateral ones. Pleon of female granular 
and setiferous especially towards sides, 4th segment with 2 sub- 
median tubercles, telson with 2 submedian tubercles, apex with a 
notch barely visible in dorsal view, at each apical argle and at the 
top of the notch is a small tubercle. 

Flagellum of first antenna 13-jointed in both sexes, that of second 
antenna 17-jointed in g, 15-jointed in ?. 

Outer lobe of first maxilla in g and unmodified ? with 10 spines. 

Maxilliped of modified @ with a few setules on inner plate and 
the 4 terminal joints quite smooth, 2nd joint with long marginal 
setae. 

First peraeopod, 8rd joint with 1 spine on outer apex, inner 
margin of 4th, 5th and 6th joints respectively with 7, 5 and 6 spines 
in ¢@,o, cand Gin 2: 

First to third pleopods with 3 hooked spines on inner apical angle. 
Male stylet on second pleopod extending beyond ramus. 

Uropoas of % , both rami pointed, outer rather narrower and longer 
than inner, both extending some distance beyond telsonic apex; of @, 
inner ramus truncate, with sharp outer apical angle, outer ramus 
shorter than and folding some way but not completely under inner 
ramus, apex bluntly pointed, both rami minutely setulose and extend- 
ing only a short way beyond telsonic apex. 

A smaller specimen (No. A44), 14 mm. x 6°5 mm., differs from 
the above only in the more conspicuous granulations on the peraeon 
segments, the stronger pubescence on the uropods and the smallness 
of the median lobe of telsonic apex. The East London specimens 
all agree with this smaller specimen; the larger of the two measures 
15mm. x 7d mm. 

Length: § 21 mm., 2? 14mm.; breadth: g 10mm., 2 7-o mm: 

Colour ; In spirit, uniform pinkish or yellowish. 

Locality: Lion’s Head N. 67° E. distant 25 miles (off Cape 
Peninsula). 131 fathoms. 28/3/00. 1 g ; Lion’s Head N. 63° EH. 
distant 34 miles. 154 fathoms. 19/4/00. 2 93%, 2 2 ?; Cape 
Point N. 50° Hi. distant 18 miles. 180 fathoms. 27/2/02. 1 ¢ ; 
Vasco da Gama Point 8. 75° E. distant 13 miles (off Cape 
Peninsula). 166 fathoms. 25/4/00. 1 ovigerous @ and 1 non- 
ovigerous ? ; Butfalo River NW. 4 W. distant 19 miles (off Hast 
London). 300 fathoms. 16/4/01. 3 gg. s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure.” 
(S.A.M. Nos. A43, A2721, A44, A41 and A2279 respectively.) 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 391 


CYMODOCE ACANTHIGER, Nn. sp. 
(Plate XX XIII. E.) 


Head, peraeon, and pleon granular, feebler in ¢, glabrous. 
Peraeon with 2 tubercles on 6th segment and 4 on 7th segment, 
in @ with no tubercles on any of the segments. Pleon in $ with 
4th segment produced into 2 large submedian pointed processes, 
with a small tubercle on the lateral portion, telson with 2 small 
tubercles hidden beneath the processes, apex trifid, the median lobe 
not as long as lateral ones; in ? with 2 large submedian tubercles 
on 4th segment, telson with 2 small submedian tubercles, apex with 
a notch invisible in dorsal view, without median lobe, but the top of 
the notch projects as a very slight tubercle. 

Flagella of first and second antennae respectively 15 and 
18- jointed in 3, 14 and 17-jointed in ¢. 

Outer plate of first maxilla with 9 spines. 

First peraeopod with 3 spines on outer apex of 3rd _ joint, 
inner margin of 4th, 5th and 6th joints with 5, 4 and 6 spines 
respectively. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, stout, apices 
blunt. 

First to third pleopods with 4 spines in g, 3 in 92, on inner 
apical angle of peduncle. Male stylet on 2nd pleopod extending 
beyond apex of ramus, tapering gradually. 

Uropods extending some distance beyond telsonic apex, both 
ramiin g long, narrow and pointed, the outer longer than inner; 
in ? the inner is squarely truncate, the outer shorter and narrower 
than inner, apically pointed, and folding under inner ramus. 

Young males, 15 mm. x 7:5 mm., resemble the female except 
that there are traces of the submedian tubercles on 7th peraeon 
segment. 

Length: § 18mm., 9 14mm_; breadih: $ 9mm., 9 7 mm. 

Colour : In spirit, yellowish white. 

Locality: Buffalo River NW. 4 W. distant 19 miles (off 
East London). 300 fathoms. 16/4/01. 2 33, several nonovi- 
gerous 2 @ and young of both sexes. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” 
(S.A.M. Nos. A40, A465.) 


CYMODOCE COMANS, Nn. sp. 
(Plate XX XIII. D.) 


Head smooth, glabrous. In the male the posterior margins of 
peraeon segments are slightly, the epimera and pleon strongly 


392 Annals of the South African Museum. 


pubescent. In the female the peraeon and pleon are smooth, but 
with irregular reticulations chiefly noticeable on the pleon. The 
epimera with long setae. A transverse row of tubercles on dth 
peraeon segment in g, and 2 rows on both the 6th and 7th seg- 
ments. In @? no tubercles on any of the segments. Pleon in 
3 with 2 submedian tubercles on 4th segment, telson with 2 sub- 
median ridges each with a small pointed tubercle at base and another 
at apex, below the latter the ridge is setose, 2 setose tubercles a 
little outside the posterior ends of ridges, apex deeply trifid, lateral 
and median lobes apically bifid, the median lobe not reaching beyond 
lateral lobes, with a smooth backwardly curving tubercle at its base. 
In @? the pleon is without any tubercles, telson evenly convex from 
base to apex, apex shallowly trifid, setose. 

Flagella of Ist and 2nd antennae respectively 26 and 21-jointed 
in g, 24 and 20-jointed in @. 

First maxilla with 9 spines in g, 11 in 9, on outer plate. 

First peraeopod, outer apex of 8rd joint with 3 spines in g, 2 in 
?, inner margin of 4th, 5th and 6th joints with 6, 4, and 5 spines 
respectively in both sexes. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment elongate, slender and 
tapering. 

First to third pleopods with 3 hooked spines on inner apex of 
peduncle, male stylet on 2nd pleopod extending beyond ramus, 
straight, apex obliquely truncate. 

Uropods, in g both rami extend beyond telsonic apex, inner 
ramus parallel-sided, truncate, outer ramus broader than and folding 
under inner, ovate, with apical denticle, both rami strongly setose ; 
in @ rami extend only a very little beyond telsonic apex, inner 
ramus truncate, the slightly concave truncate margin and the outer 
margin obscurely denticulate, outer ramus ovate, both margins 
obscurely denticulate, both rami with long closely-set setae. 

Length: ¢ 18 mm., ? 13 mm.; breadth: go 8mm., 2? 7 mm: 

Colour: In spirit, uniform dull yellowish, living female ivory- 
white. 

Locality : Near Muizenberg, False Bay. 5-10 fathoms. 12/9/97. 
1 g; Rockland Point NW. by W. 4 W. distant 1 mile (False Bay). 
22 fathoms. 24/9/02. 2juv. 9 ?. ss. “Pieter Faure.” Agulhas 
Bank. 43 fathoms. 23/5/12. (K.H.B.) Inonovigerous ?. (S.A.M. 
Nos. A47, A35, and A2280 respectively.) 

This seems closely allied to C. zanzibarensis, Stebbing (1910, 1.c. 
p- 105, pl. 9D), for the style of ornamentation on the pleon is very 
similar. The details however are not the same; thus in CU. comans 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 393 


only the submedian teeth are present on the posterior margin of 
4th pleon segment, the basal and central submedian tubercles on 
the telson are connected by 2 ridges and the tubercles on the out- 
side of the central ones are separated from the latter by a well- 
marked groove, whereas in CU. zanzibarensis the outside tubercle and 
the central one are combined into one bifid tubercle; the terminal 
boss is absent in C. comans, a small conical tubercle taking its place ; 
and also the median lobe does not extend beyond the apices of the 
lateral ones. 

It must be confessed that the correlation of the females with the 
above male rests only on a general proximity of the localities of 
capture and a fairly close agreement in the details of the appendages, 
especially the armature of the peraeopods. 


CYMODOCE FALCATA, N. sp. 
(Plate XXXIV. A.) 


Closely allied to C. uncinata, Stebbing, 1902, but differing in the 
following particulars: head, peraeon, pleon, and uropods hirsute, 
the hairs on the epimera, lateral margins of pleon and a fringe on 
hind margin of 4th pleon segment being plumose and very long. 
The submedian tubercles on 4th pleon segment partake more of the 
character of bosses and are far more prominent than the submedian 
bosses on the telson, exactly the reverse of what is found in C. wnci- 
nata. Posterior to the bosses on the telson are 2 minute submedian 
tubercles. The median lobe of the trifid apex ends in a recurved 
hook, immediately in front of which is a flat button-lke knob. The 
inner ramus of the uropods is similar to that of C. wncinata, but the 
outer is nearly twice as long as the inner, projecting well beyond 
telsonic apex, lanceolate with acute apex. 

Flagella of 1st and 2nd antennae respectively 13-16-jointed and 
14-17-jointed. 

There are no differences in the mouth parts. In C. wncinata the 
greatest width of the inner plate of the maxilliped is described as 
being in the upper half. I find on examination that this is not 
a constant character. 

The 6th joint of the Ist peraeopod has 4 spines on inner margin 
instead of 6, as in C. wncinata. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment rather more elongate 
and the male stylet on 2nd pleopod tapers more rapidly to the apex 
in the distal third. 

Length: 138 mm.; breadth: 6 mm. 


394 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Colour: In spirit, uniform dirty yellow. 

Locality : Green Point lighthouse 8. + W. distant 24 miles (Table 
Bay). 22 fathoms. 5/3/00. 3 $3 o. ss. “ Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. 
No. A381.) 


CYMODOCE UNGUICULATA, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXXIV. B.) 


Also close to C. wncinata. Body smooth, without sculpturing, 
with thin scattered setae. The margins of the epimera, pleon, 
telson, and uropods with a thick fringe of setae, stronger in g than 
?. Telson with 2 large submedian bosses in both sexes, apex 
in g trifid, the middle lobe projecting a little beyond the lateral 
ones and bearing a button-like knob on its upper surface, apex in @ 
with a notch concealed in dorsal view by a short blunt projection. 

Flagella of 1st and 2nd antennae respectively, 12 and 14-jointed 
in 3g, 17 and 16-jointed in @. 

The mouth parts do not differ greatly from those of C. wnceinata. 
There are 9-10 spines on outer plate of 1st maxilla. In an ovigerous 
? with modified mouth parts the inner plate of Ist maxilla is without 
setae, the other plate minutely setose, 2nd maxilla without long setae 
on any of the plates, terminal 4 joints of maxilliped without setae, 
inner plate with only 2 apical setae and outer margins of 2nd joint 
and epipod setose. 

First gnathopod with 6, 3 and 4 spines respectively on inner 
margins of 4th, 5th and 6th joints in both sexes. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment intermediate in 
length between those of C. wncinata and C. falcata, but similar 
in shape. 

First to third pleopods with 3 hooked spines in 3, 2 in ?, on 
inner apex of peduncle. Male stylet on 2nd pleopod very distinctive. 
As far as the end of ramus it is of equal width, it then broadens out 
into a lanceolate spatula with pointed apex and margins thickly set 
with minute recurved spinules. An approximation to this form of 
stylet is found in Crlicaea whitelegger, Stebbing (1905, lc. p. 40, 
ple, OVA). 

Uropods scarcely reaching beyond telsonic apex, inner ramus 
truncate, as in C. wncinata, outer ramus folding under inner, ovate 
lanceolate, apex acute, curved outwards, with a tooth on inner 
margin and a semicircular indentation on outer margin, in ovigerous 
? @ the apex is usually short and blunt, not falcate. 

Lengih; $ 13 mm., ¢ 11 mm.; breadth: g¢ 2 6 mm. 

Colour: In spirit, uniform yellowish, both pairs of antennae, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 395 


maxillipeds, peraepods, and sometimes the Ist pleopods with minute 
black pigment-specks. 

Locality: Table Bay, sewage outlet. July, 1896. (Dr. J. D. F. 
Gilchrist.) 3 3 9 and several @ ¢, some ovigerous. Saldanha 
Bay, low-tide. o/9/12,” (GB). ovigerous 22 (S:A, ME Nos: 
A84 and A2464.) 


CYMODOCE UMBONATA, nN. Sp. 
(Plate XXXIV. C.) 

Very near to C. wrcinata. Body granular, the granules arranged 
more or less distinctly in two transverse rows on peracon segments, 
stronger and irregularly arranged on pleon. Head nearly smooth, 
rostral point setose. Hach epimeron with a tuft of setae. Fourth 
segment of pleon with 2 low submedian tubercles, each with a tuft of 
setae which are obsolete in the adult g ; telson with 2 narrow and 
obscure submedian longitudinal carinae extending to the middle of 
telson where they end in 2 low tubercules, apex in ¢ trifid, the 
median lobe shaped like a large flat-topped button, in ? obtusely 
pointed with a notch visible from behind but not in dorsal view; in 
young ¢ 3 the apex is faintly trifid, the median lobe more pro- 
minent than the lateral ones, but not button-shaped. 

Flagella of Ist and 2nd antennae respectively 14-16 and 15-17- 
jointed, peduncle of antennae 1 setose on anterior surface. 

Outer plate of 1st maxilla with 9 spines. 

First peraeopod with 3 spines on outer apex of 3rd joint, and 6, 4 
and 4 spines respectively on the inner margins of 4th, 5th and 6th 
joints. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment as in C. wncinata. 

Pleopods 1--3 with 3 hooked spines on inner apex of peduncle, 
male stylet on 2nd pleopod half as long again as ramus, stout, 
tapering rapidly in the distal third to the pointed apex. 

Uropods scarcely reaching telsonic apex, inner ramus truncate, 
outer folding under inner, obovate, apex tridentate, the outer tooth 
being half-way up the outer margin, both notches setose, especially 
the outer one. 

Length: g 15 mm.; breadth: 3 75mm 

Colour : In spirit, uniform yellowish, 

Locality : Cape Hangklip ESE. distant 7 miles (False Bay). 50 
fathoms. 9/1/02. 3d adult g g, 3 nonovigerous @ ?,and 2 imma- 
ture. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.” (S.A.M. No. A39.) 

Though much like C. uncinata, this species is distinguished by 
the granulate surface, the tufts of setae round the anterior and 


396 Annals of the South African Musewno. 


lateral margins of the animal, the much more pronounced tridentate: 
character of the outer ramus of uropods, the large median lobe of the 
telsonic apex which is shaped like a button instead of a recurved 
hook, and also by the armature of the 1st peraepod. 


Gen. CILICAEA, Leach. 


1818. Cilicaea, Leach, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. 12, p. 342. 

1905. Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. Suppl. 
Rep. 23. p. 33. 

1905. % Hansen, Q. J. Microsc. Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, pp. 104, 122. 

1905, a Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, pp. ix, 307. 


In Stebbing’s paper will be found a complete list of references and 
synonyms; and also a key to the species of the genus, in using 
which, however, the papers of Hansen and Miss Richardson must 
be borne in mind, for many of the species included in the key have 
been transferred by these authors to other genera. 


” 


CILICAEA LATREILLEI, Leach. 
(Plate XX XIT. I.) 


1818. Cilicaea latreillei, Leach, l.c. p. 342. 
1884. 43 fe Miers, Rep. Zool. H.M.S. “ Alert,” p. 308. 
(Synonymy.) 
?1902. Cymodoce inornata, Whitelegge, Sci. Res. ‘ Thetis,” pt. 4, 
p. 263, fig. 30 (2). 
1905. Cilicaea latreillec, Stebbing, l.c. p. 36, pls. iii. B. and viii. 
(Synonymy.) 
1905. Cymodoce inornata, id. ibid., p. 43 (2) (? non Whitelegge). 
1910. Cilicaea latrecllet, Richardson, Wash. Bur. Fish. Doc. No. 
136; p. 29. 

A nonovigerous female agrees well with Whitelegge’s description, 
as modified by Stebbing to include a specimen with 2 low bosses on 
telson ; it also agrees with Miers’ description of the @ of C. latrecllet 
and with another South African specimen which has in addition an 
incipient median process on 7th peraeon segment, and is a young 3. 
Details of 2? are as follows :— 

Whole body covered with short thick pubescence. The greatest 
width and the greatest height are in the lst peraeon segment. The 
fore part of the body in consequence appears enlarged. The 4th 
segment of pleon has a hardly perceptible median boss, telson with 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 397 


2 low submedian bosses, apex trifid with the median triangular lobe 
not reaching the apices of the lateral ones. 

Flagella of both pairs of antennae 20-jointed. 

Mouth parts not metamorphosed. Outer plate of first maxilla 
with 10 spines. 

First peraeopod with 3 spines on the much-produced outer apex 
of 3rd joint, inner margin of 4th, 5th and 6th joints with 8, 5 and 6 
spines respectively. 

Inner apex of pedunele of 1st-3rd pleopods with 3 hooked spines. 

Uropods, both rami project beyond telsonic apex, inner ramus 
with apex truncate, outer margin distally emarginate, outer ramus 
folding under inner, lanceolate, apically acute, with deep notch on 
outer margin. 

I therefore regard Stebbing’s Ceylon specimen as undoubtedly 
a 2 latreillei, and would, with perhaps some hesitation on account 
of the smooth telson, make inornata, Whitelegge, also a synonym of 
Leach’s species. 

Length: g 22 mm., juv. ¢ 17 mm., ? 15 mm.; breadih: 3 
9-0) mm, Ose. mame 

Colour : Uniform yellowish, in spirit. 

Locality: Port Durnford NE. by E. distant 9 miles (Zululand 

coast). 13 fathoms. 18/2/01. 2 ¢ g. Beacon E of Kast London 
N. iE. distant 10 miles. 52 fathoms. 12/7/01. ljuv. g. 33°6'S. 
28° 11' E. (off Hast London). 85 fathoms. 28/1/99. 1 nonovigerous 
2. s.s. “ Pieter Faure.’ (S.A.M. Nos. A48, A2743, A36.) 
Geogr. Distribution: Port Jackson 5-7 fathoms, Thursday 
Island 4-5 fathoms, Port Curtis 7 fathoms, Albany Island 3-4 
fathoms, and King George’s Sound, W. Australia (?) (in Brit. Mus. 
fide Miers) ; Port Jackson (Haswell) ; Ceylon (Stebbing) ; Philippine 
Islands 10-29 fathoms (Richardson). 


Gren. PARACILICAEA, Stebbing. 


1910. Paracilicaea, Stebbing, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 14, 
pt. 1, p. 106. 


PARACILICAEA MOSSAMBICUS, Nn. sp. 
(Plate XXXIV. D.) 


Body with a reticulate or eroded appearance. Head practically 
glabrous. Peraeon segments setose, especially at sides, without 
granules or denticles. Pleon minutely granular, setose, 4th seg- 
ment with 2 obscure submedian teeth on posterior margin. Telson 


398 Annals of the South African Museunr. 


with 2 submedian ridges beginning at base, increasing in height 
posteriorly and culminating in 2 large setose bosses, each sur- 
mounted by a small glabrous point, apex trifid, the middle lobe 
rather bulbous dorsally, its apex just exceeding those of the lateral 
lobes, all three lobes apically bifid. 

First antenna, flagellum 15-jointed. 

Second antenna, flagellum 18-jointed. 

Upper lip as broad as long, apex setose; epistome with lateral 
margins angularly convex. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge entire, secondary cutting-edge in left 
mandible bidentate, spine-row with ca. 3 (2) spines in left, 5-6 
spines in right. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines, 3 or 4 inmost ones 
denticulate. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 8 spines. 

First peraeopod, inner margins of 4th, 5th and 6th joints with 5, 
4 and 5 spines respectively, outer margin of 38rd joint with 1 
spine near base, 2 in middle, between these and apex 3-4 small 
spines. 

Seventh peraeopod, 5th joint with 3 groups of 3 spines, the apical 
ones much the largest, 6th joint with 3 spines in middle and 1 at 
apex of inner margin. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, long and 
narrow. 

Second pleopod, inner apical angle of peduncle with 2 hooked 
setae, male stylet half as long again as ramus, straight, tapering, 
minutely spinulose from base to apex. 

Uropods, inner ramus projecting only a little beyond telsonic 
apex, subacute, hirsute, outer ramus twice as long, stout, apex 
bifid, hirsute on outer surface. 

Length: 8mm.; breadth: 3°56 mm, 

Colour : Pale buff, apices of telsonic ridges canary yellow. 

Locality : Mozambique (Conducia Bay). 15/11/12. (K.H.B.) 
Low-tide. 1 g. (S.A.M. No. A2472.) 

Very similar to P. hanseni, Stebbing (l.c. p. 107, pl. 9 C.) from 
Zanzibar, but easily distinguished by the sculpturing of the pleon 
and the absence of denticles on the peraeon segments. 


PARISOCLADUS, n. g. 


Maxillipeds with 4th, 5th, and 6th joints inwardly produced. 
Anterior peraeopods without natatory setae. Outer ramus of 3rd 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Ajricad. 399 


pleopod 2-jointed. Outer rami of 4th and 5th pleopods membranous, 
2-jointed. Seventh peraeon segment with median process in ¢, 
with or without in @. Telson with a notch widening anteriorly 
in $,in ? entire. Uropods lamellate, at least in g. Mouth parts 
in ? not metamorphosed. Marsupial plates overlapping in middle 
line. Development in internal pouches. 

Separated from the following genus, Sphaeramene, by the process 
on 7th peraeon segment and the lamellate uropods, which latter 
character connects it with Isocladus. 


PARISOCLADUS STIMPSONI (Heller). 
(Plate XXXII. G.) 

1843. Sphaeroma perforata, Krauss, Siidafr. Crust. p. 65 (non 
M. Edwards). 

1866, “ stimpsoni, Heller, Novara Crust. p. 139, pl. 12, 
fig. 10. 

1905, Exosphaeroma ,, Hansen. Q. J. Microsc. Sci. vol. 49, 
pix ppp. LG irs: 

TILO: - Oye Pass Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. 
p. 428. 


Heller’s concise and clear diagnosis makes the identification of 
specimens an easy matter. But whereas his description of the 
telson and the process on the 7th peraeon segment applies to the 
female, his figure evidently represents a male. It would seem that 
the specimens in the Copenhagen Museum (if correctly named), 
which Hansen has seen, must be all females, since if he had seen 
the male he could not have assigned this species to Haosphaeroma. 
Stebbing accepts Hansen’s opinion, but draws attention to the 
inconsistency of placing this species in the genus Haosphaeroma 
as defined by Hansen. 

The transverse rows of tubercles on the peraeon segments are 
not present in Heller’s specimens. And indeed these are very 
variable, being sometimes quite obsolete, sometimes (especially in 
specimens from False Bay) very distinct ; the posterior ones being 
always more distinct than the anterior ones. The full complement 
is 6 tubercles in a transverse row on each segment, sometimes there 
is also a minute one on each epimeron. Two small tubercles on 7th 
segment, one on either side of the process. 

The process on the 7th peraeon segment is apically bifid (in side- 
view) in g, entire in 2. 

The epimera are not distinct from the segments, and each bears 


400 Annals of the South African Museum. 


a sharp keel which forms the lateral margin of the animal when 
viewed from above, below this keel the epimera are vertical. 

Pleon with a short lst segment, almost concealed under 7th 
peraeon segment, 2nd segment wider than the others, its rounded 
pleura entirely concealing the epimera of the 7th peraeon segment 
ventrally, 4th segment with 2 small submedian tubercles on 
posterior margin; telson with 2 low submedian carinae, outside 
of which on either side is an elongate tubercle, and behind the 
carinae 2 minute submedian tubercles. The distinctness of these 
4 tubercles is very variable, in adult males they are often obsolete. 
Sometimes also both the elongate tubercles are divided into 2 
circular tubercles. Apex acute, in the male with a narrow slit 
widening anteriorly into an oval longitudinal foramen, in the 
female entire with a dorsal longitudinal carina. In the young 
male the apex is bifid with a narrow A-shaped groove on dorsal 
surface. 

First antenna, Ist joint longest, with sharp carina on anterior 
margin, 2nd joint shortest, flagellum shorter than peduncle, 12- 
jointed. 

Second antenna, 3rd and 4th joints subequal, Sth longest, 
flagellum a little shorter than peduncle, 14-jointed. 

Epistome short proximally rounded, the arms narrow ; upper lip 
with slightly convex distal margin, setose. 

Lower lip with short, broad lobes, apices rounded setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge bluntly and obscurely tridentate, second- 
ary cutting-edge in left tridentate, spine-row in both with ca. 8 
spines, molar well developed, denticulate, with tuft of setules, 
palp stout, 2nd joint not longer than Ist or d5rd, 1st slightly longer 
than 3rd. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines, the inner ones den- 
ticulate. 

Second maxilla, outer and inner plates both with 8 denticulate 
setae. 

Maxilliped, outer margin of 2nd joint sinuous, inner plate ? length 
of 2nd joint, slender, 1 coupling-hook, lobes of 4th—6th joints and 
apex of 7th setose. 

First peraeopod, inner margin of 4th—6th joints with short, thick 
fur, inner margin of 7th with blunt denticles. 

The other peraeopods similar to Ist, but becoming successively 
longer and 5th joint nearly as long as 4th, not triangular. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, some distance 
apart, apices blunt. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 401 


Marsupial plates overlapping in middle line, development in 
internal pouches. 

First to third pleopods with 3 hooked setae on inner apex of 
peduncle, 

Male stylet on 2nd pleopod narrow, longer than ramus, apex 
acute. 

Fourth pleopod with outer margin of Ist joint of outer ramus 
sparsely setose. 

Uropods in adult males extending slightly beyond, in females and 
immature specimens as far as telsonic apex, inner apical angle 
of both rami slightly prominent, outer distal margin of outer ramus 
serrulate. 

Length: Largest § 16mm., ?11mm.; breadth: g 8mm., 25mm. 

Colour: Ground colour and markings rather variable; head and 
peraeon usually slaty, speckled with lighter dots, the 4th peraeon 
segment with a median semicircular blue mark, open behind, the 
process on 7th peraeon segment nearly white, continued in the male 
as a light median streak on 6th and 5th segments; telson rather 
paler than rest of body, its borders distinctly paler, each with 2 
dark greenish-brown patches; uropods variously mottled with brown 
and green with lighter speckles, the green usually forming a trans- 
verse apical band on inner ramus and 2 apical patches on the outer. 
The outer margin of the inner ramus and the inner margin of the 
outer each have a semicircular transparent patch about the middle, 
which when the uropods are expanded appear like a circular hole 
through the uropods. 

Locality : Table Bay (Camps Bay, Three Anchor Bay, and Sea 
Point). (R. M. Lightfoot.) False Bay (Kalk Bay, St. James and 
Smitswinkel Bay). (Dr. W. F. Purcell, K.H.B.) Port Shepstone, 
Natal. 23/12/12. (KH.B) 1 g. Under stones and in rock 
crevices from high-water mark downwards. (S.A.M. Nos. A242, 
A259, A263, A2456, A2468, and A2715.) 

Types (28 9,3 2 @?) in the k.k. naturh. Hofmuseum in Vienna, 

The Natal specimen differs slightly in minor details from the 
Cape specimens: the tubercles on the peraeon, except the two on 
the 7th segment, are practically obsolete, on the other hand the 
tubercles posterior to the two keels on the telson are rather more 
numerous, the apical slit is proportionately wider anteriorly and 
there is just a suspicion of a median tooth, the serrations on outer 
distal margin of outer uropods very well marked. It measures only 
8 mm. x 4 mm., although it is full grown; but in this connection 
it may be mentioned that specimens from the east side of the 


402 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Cape Peninsula in False Bay are smaller than specimens from 
the west side in Table Bay (see Introduction). 


PARISOCLADUS PERFORATUS (M. Edw.). 
(Plate XXXII. H.) 
1840. Sphaeroma perforata, M. Kdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, 


pei 
1866. be nd Heller, Novara Crust. p. 139, pl. 12, 
fei. 0 
1905. Dynamenella (?) ,, Hansen, Q.J. Microse. Sci. vol. 49, 
pt. Le pp. eek, 126: 
1910. Cycloidura (?) ,, Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 431. 


Body very minutely shagreened, not granulate except on the 
telson, where the granules are well developed and hirsute, body 
glabrous except on the epimera, telson and uropods, the female 
less strongly granulate and hirsute than the male. 

In the male peraeon widening gradually to the 6th segment, 7th 
narrower, its lateral margins overlapped by 6th, with a stout process 
reaching to the middle of the telson, apex of the process with a 
tuft of setae and a notch on underside, a minute tubercle at base 
on either side. In the female peraeon nearly parallel-sided, 7th 
segment without a process, but posterior margin with a slight 
median rounded lobe. 

Pleon in male with 2 very obscure submedian tubercles on 4th 
segment (often quite obsolete), telson with 2 small submedian 
tubercles in centre and numerous irregularly scattered granules, 
apex acute, with a narrow slit widening anteriorly into an oval 
transverse foramen. In the female 4th segment 2 minute sub- 
median tubercles, telson with 2 submedian humps each with 1 or 2 
minute points, apex subacute, rather upturned, with deep ventral 
grooye, scarcely visible in dorsal view. 

First antenna, Ist and 2nd joints not stout, nor internally keeled, 
2nd a little over half the length of Ist, 3rd # length of Ist, flagellum 
as long as pedunele, 10-jointed. 

Second antenna reach to end of 2nd peraeon segment, Ist joint 
short, 3rd and 4th subequal, longer than 2nd, 5th twice length 
of 2nd, flagellum a little longer than peduncle, 13-jointed. 

Epistome triangular, proximal end shortly truncate, the arms 
not embracing more than half of the upper lip, whose distal margin 
is rounded and setose. 

Lower lip with short and broad lobes, apices subrotund. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 403 


Mandibles, cutting-edge tridentate, secondary cutting-edge in left 
tridentate, in right feeble and colourless, spine-row with ca. 6 spines 
in left, ca. 8 in right, molar quadrate in left, denticulate, in right 
oblique and more strongly denticulate, all three joints of palp 
subequal, on the Ist rather shorter than the other two. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 8 spines, the inner ones 
denticulate. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates each with 8 denticulate 
setae, all three plates subequal in breadth. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint a little longer than inner plate, 4th—6th 
joints inwardly produced and, like the apex of 7th, setose. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint not apically expanded, outer margin 
with 2 spines in middle and 1 near base, 4th joint with 3-4 spines 
on produced outer apex, inner margin of 4th-6th joints with 
thick fur. 

Second to sixth peraeopods similar to 1st, but becoming succes- 
sively longer, 5th joint oblong instead of triangular, 4th joint not 
so strongly produced on outer apex. 

Seventh peraeopod the longest and most slender, 5th joint a little 
longer than 4th, 6th equal to 3rd, inner margin of 4th and Sth, but 
not that of 6th, furry. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment stout, contiguous, 
apices blunt. 

First to third pleopods with 2-3 hooked setae on inner apex 
of peduncle. 

Male style on 2nd pleopod half as long again as ramus, slender, 
tapering to a fine point. 

Outer margins of both outer and inner ramus of dth pleopod 
setose. 

Uropod with rami subequal in ¢, lamellate, oval, extending just 
beyond telsonic apex, apices subacute, outer distal margin of outer 
ramus minutely serrate, margins of both rami setose; in ? outer 
ramus rather shorter than inner, neither rami reaching telsonic apex, 
narrow lanceolate, outer distal margin of outer ramus minutely 
serrate, margins of both rami finely setose. 

Length: g 6mm., 2? 5mm.; breadth: g 3mm., 2? 2°5 mm. 

Colour: g Grey or brown, mottled with small darker spots or 
patches, the 7th peraeon segment dark, the process whitish con- 
tinued forwards on segments 6 and 5 as a whitish median stripe, 
widest on segment 5, bordered on either side with dark brown 
or grey, pleon and uropods usually lightish, sometimes whole 
animal is greyish white with scarcely any dark colouring: ? orange- 


404 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


brown, mottled with darker, a light circular median patch on peraeon 
segments 5 and 6, narrowing to a median stripe on segment 7, 
uropods banded and mottled; young specimens usually more 
uniform, peraeon brown, the epimera, head and pleon lighter. 

Locality : St. James and Buffels Bay (False Bay). June, 1912, 
and 28/9/18. (K.H.B.) Sea Point, near Cape Town. November, 
19138. (K.H.B.) 3 g, ovigerous 9 2? and young. Under stones, 
at low-tide. (S.A.M. Nos. A2442, A2522, and A2606.) 

Geogr. Distribution.—St. Paul (M. Edwards, Heller). I have not 
seen M. Edwards’ type, but seeing that both his and Heller’s speci- 
mens came from the same locality there would seem little reason for 
doubting that they are both the same species. The four tubercles 
on the peraeon segments mentioned by M. Edwards are absent in 
Heller’s specimens (as in the Cape ones), but little weight can 
be attached to this point (see P. stimpsoni for variation in respect to 
dorsal tubercles). There is no doubt that the Cape specimens are 
the same species as Heller’s; the only points of difference being : 
the latter are larger, reaching 9-10 mm., the process on 7th peraeon 
segment is of the same width throughout and ends squarely instead 
of slightly tapering to a blunt point, the tip overhangs and is 
hollowed beneath exactly as in the Cape specimens, there are 10 
denticulate setae instead of 8 on the outer and middle plates of the 
second maxilla. These slight differences can only be local variations. 

Heller seems to have made some curious mistakes in his report 
on this species. After expressing the opinion that M. Edwards’ 
diagnosis was ‘‘based on females only,’ he gives a description 
of the male which is applicable to his fig. 9b, yet this figure is 
labelled 9. Asa matter of fact fig. 9b represents a young g; there 
are no ? @ at all amongst Heller’s material. One of the bottles 
contains 5 juv. 3 ff labelled “g’’, the other contains 1 adult g 
and fragments labelled “2”. Fig. 9a is correctly labelled 3, but 
does not truly represent the terminal slit and foramen. 

I have some little doubt as to whether these two species should 
be regarded as congeneric. Besides the presence of a process on 
the 7th paraeon segment in the 9 of stvmpsoni and its absence in 
perforatus, there is a very noticeable difference in the male stylets 
on the 7th peraeon segments. These in stimpsoniz, which I regard 
as the genotype, are a good distance apart, whereas in perforatus 
they are contiguous. Although this character has not yet been taken 
into account in defining the genera of Sphaeromidae I am inclined 
to attach a more than specific importance to it. There are at 
least three types of male appendages in the family: (1) where the 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 405 


two appendages are a little distance apart, characteristic of 
Hxosphaeroma; (2) where they are contiguous, characteristic of 
Cymodoce and Dynamenella; (3) where they are fused in part, the 
only example of this case known to me being Dynoides serratisinus 
n.g. et sp. (see infra). The other genera, so far as known to me, 
can be arranged in either the first or the second group. 


SPHAERAMENEH, n. g. 


Maxillipeds with 4th, 5th and 6th joints inwardly produced. 
Anterior peraeopods without natatory setae. Outer ramus of 3rd 
pleopod 2-jointed. Outer rami of 4th and 5th pleopods mem- 
branous, 2-jointed. Seventh peraeon segment without processes, 
Telson in 3 with a slit widening anteriorly; in ? entire. Uropods 
not lamellar. Mouth parts in ? not metamorphosed. Marsupial 
plates not overlapping. Development in internal pouches. 


SPHAERAMENE POLYTYLOTOS, Nn. sp. 
(Plate XXXIIT. A.) 
1905. Sphaeroma (?) scabriculum, Hansen, Q. J. Microsc. Sci. vol. 49, 
pt. 1, pp. 102, 103, 116 (non 
Heller). 
1910. Hxosphaeroma i Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. 
p. 429. 

Head, peraeon and pleon with flat-topped, button-like tubercles 
with the posterior margins projecting freely. They are disposed as 
follows : the head has a small rostral point, behind this 2 transverse 
rows, the anterior ones being the larger, near the posterior margin 
of head 2 small median tubercles, 1 large submedian and 2 small 
ones between this and the eye. 

The first peraeon segment, which is slightly longer than any of 
the following segments, bears 6 large tubercles with intermediate 
smaller ones, the epimeron has 2 large tubercles, the one anterior 
to the other. Each of the remaining peraeon segments bears 6 large 
tubercles with 3 smaller intermediate ones, the epimera each bear 2 
large tubercles (except the 7th which bears only 1), the one dorsal to 
the other, and a small tubercle on the junction with the segment, 

Whole of 1st and central portion of 2nd and 3rd pleon segments 
hidden beneath 7th peraeon segment, which is without any pro- 
cesses. Lateral portions of the 2nd and 3rd segments with 
2 small tubercles. The 4th segment bears 6 tubercles, the 2 sub- 

31 


406 Annals of the South African Museum. 


median ones being large, the lateral portion bears 1 tubercle. 
Ventrally the pleuron of 2nd segment does not hide the 7th peraeon 
segment. 

The telson has 5 transverse rows of tubercles, the 1st with 4 
small, the 2nd with 6 large, the 3rd with 6 small, the 4th and 5th 
each with 4, of which the 2 submedian ones in the 4th row are 
large, the rest small; telsonic apex in g with a narrow slit widening 
anteriorly into a transverse oval foramen, in ? entire, subacute, a 
little upturned with 2 (in adult, 1 in young) small tubercles. Ventral 
groove in both sexes very shallow and open. 

First antenna, 1st joint stout, 2nd half as long as Ist, 3rd slender, 
longer than 2nd, flagellum equal to first 2 joints together, 18 
joints. 

Second antenna, reaching to middle or end of 4th peraeon seg- 
ment, 2nd—4th joints subequal, 1st shorter, 5th half as long again as 
4th, flagellum a little longer than peduncle, 17-jointed. 

Epistome not greatly expanded distally, proximal end transversely 
bifid, labrum with distal margin slightly convex, setose. 

Lower lip with short, broad lobes, apices rounded. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge in left 
tridentate, spine-row with ca. 10 spines in left, ca. 15 in right, palp 
stout, lst and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd a little shorter. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 8-9 spines, inner ones denticulate, 
inner plate with 4 setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates each with 11 denticulate 
setae. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint as long as inner plate, which has 1 coupling- 
hook about the middle of the margin, 3rd, 4th and 5th joints 
internally lobed. 

First peraeopod, middle of outer margin of 3rd joint with 1 out- 
standing spine, 4th joint externally produced, with 3 spines on apex, 
5th small triangular, inner margins of 4th—6th joints thickly furred, 
inner margin of 7th minutely denticulate. 

Second to seventh peraeopods similar to 1st, but 5th joint oblong, 
apex of 5th in 3rd—7th peraeopods with spines all round, apex of 4th 
with 6 or more spines ; fur on 4th and 5th joints in 7th peraeopods 
not so strong as on other peraeopods, absent on 6th which is sparsely 
setulose. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment short, stout, some 
distance apart, apices blunt. 

Marsupial plates not overlapping, the brood developed in internal 
pouches. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 407 


First to third pleopods with 4 hooked spines on inner apex of 
peduncle. 

Second pleopod, male stylet extending beyond apex of ramus, 
narrow, tapering to an acute apex. 

Uropods, inner ramus narrow oblong, apex bifid, with rounded 
inner apex, a longitudinal row of 6 tubercles down the centre (but 
the number is subject to variation); outer ramus lanceolate, apex 
acute, turned outwards, without tubercles; both rami extending a 
little beyond telsonic apex. 

Length: § 17 mm., ? 16mm.; breadth: ¢ GJmm., 2 8 mm. 

Specimens from Kalk Bay and St. James measure: ¢ 11x5mm., 
ovigerous ? 9x45 mm. 

Colour: Brownish grey, some or all of the tubercles of a sienna- 
brown or sometimes orange-brown. 

Locality: Plettenberg Bay. 3/7/02. 1 @ with embryos, s.s. 
“ Pieter Faure.”’ Kalk Bay, False Bay. 26/5/96. (R. M. Lightfoot.) 
2 ovigerous ? 2. Sea Point, near Cape Town. Nov. and Dec., 
1918. (K.H.B.). ¢ %, ovigerous 2 ? and immature specimens. 
St. James, False Bay. 15/2/14. (K.H.B) 2 $3, 1 2 and 
young. Also 2 $$, 1 ovigerous @ and 1 young ¢ from the 
“Pieter Faure’’ collection without locality. (S.A.M. Nos. A49, 
A262, A2647, A2679 and A2455 respectively.) 

They are found at low-tide occasionally under stones, but most 
frequently in the holes and crevices of the reef-like masses of tubes 
formed by the worm Sabellaria capensis. 

On sending specimens of this species and of the species which I 
took to be the true Sphaeroma scabricula of Heller to Dr. H.J. Hansen, 
he informed me that my surmise was correct, that he had not seen 
the true scabricula and that the species to which he referred on 
pp. 102, 103, 116 of his Revision of the Sphaeromidae was in reality 
the present new species. This justifies the above synonymy. 


DYNOIDHES, n. g. 


Maxillipeds with 4th, 5th and 6th joints inwardly produced. 
Anterior peraeopods without natatory setae. Outer ramus of 3rd 
pleopod unjointed. Outer ramus of 4th and 5th pleopods mem- 
branous, without folds, 2-jointed. Seventh peraeon segment un- 
armed. Pleon (4th? segment) with median process. Telson 
with a slit with small median lobe at its anterior end. Female 
unknown. 


408 Annals of the South African Museum. 


DYNOIDES SERRATISINUS, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXXIV. EF.) 


Body parallel-sided, rather strongly convex, minutely granulate 
and finely setulose, the setules being thickest on the epimera. Head 
and peraeon smooth, without any trace of tubercles, 7th segment of 
peraeon bordered laterally by the epimera of 6th segment, epimera 
rather long, quadrate. Pleon segments 1—4 so intimately fused that 
sutures are invisible. From the posterior margin arises a large, 
triangular, conical process extending to middle of telson, its basal 
width equal to half that of the segment. Telson strongly convex in 
centre, where it is covered with scattered granules (stronger than 
those on the rest of body), near the margins and especially at the 
apex, it is flat, apex pointed, with a deep parallel-sided slit whose 
anterior end has a small triangular median lobe and whose sides are 
furnished with 7 backwardly-directed acute teeth. The median lobe 
and the outer distal margins are setulose. 

First antenna reaching to middle of 1st peraeon segment, 1st joint 
equal to 2nd and 3rd together, 3rd a little longer than 2nd, flagellum 
as long as pedunele, 13-jointed, Ist joint equal to 3rd peduncular 
joint. 

Second antenna reaching to beginning of 2nd peraeon segment, 
1st and 4th joints subequal, 3rd shortest, 5th longest, 2nd inter- 
mediate in length between 4th and dth, flagellum longer than 
peduncle, 20-jointed, the joints strongly setose. 

Epistome, distance from proximal margin to base of upper lip less 
than width across the arms, proximal end rounded, sides very slightly 
concaye, distal margin of upper lip rounded setose. 

Lower lip, lobes oval, apically subacute, strongly setose. 

Mandible, trunk straight, somewhat stout, cutting-edge 4-dentate, 
secondary cutting-edge in left 3-dentate, spine-row with 5 spines in 
left, 6 in right, molar quadrate, strongly denticulate and setose on 
posterior margin, palp with 1st joint stout, 2nd and 3rd slender, Ist 
and 2nd subequal in length, 3rd a little longer, 2 long setae on apex 
of 2nd, margin of 3rd with gradually lengthening setae. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 6 spines. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 4 spines, the 2 largest 
denticulate, all three plates subequal in width. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint 3 times as long as broad, 4th, 5th and 6th 
joints lobed internally, 6th not so strongly as the other two, inner 
plate half the length of 2nd joint, apex rounded with plumose setae, 
1 coupling-hook. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 409 


First peraeopod, 3rd joint nearly equal to 2nd, with a group of 
spinules on outer distal margin, 4th rather strongly expanded on outer 
apex, outer apical angle with 1 long seta, inner apical angle of 6th 
joint with 1 long seta, both inner and outer margins of all the joints 
setulose, the inner margins more strongly so than the outer. 

Second peraeopod, 4th, 5th and 6th joints more strongly furred on 
inner margin. 

Seventh joint in all peraeopods with 3 lamella-like teeth, secondary 
unguis strong. 

Male appendage on 7th peraeon segment long, narrow, the distal 
half divided into two slender tapering portions. 

First pleopod, lobes subequal in length, with long plumose setae. 

Second pleopod rather longer than 1st, 3 stylet arising from base 
of inner ramus, 24 times length of ramus, stout basally but tapering 
to a fine point, at about half its length doubled on itself. Both 1st 
and 2nd pleopods with 2 hooked spines on inner apex of peduncle. 

Third pleopod longer than 1st or 2nd, outer ramus unjointed. 

Fourth and fifth pleopods inner ramus strongly plicate, outer 
ramus membranous, without plicae, 2-jointed, rather obscurely so in 
5th, squamose projections in 5th small, outer margin of 4th nonsetose, 
of 5th with very fine setules. 

Uropods extending slightly beyond telsonic apex, subequal, inner 
ramus ovate, apex rounded-subtruncate, distal margin indistinctly 
serrulate, setose, outer ramus ovate, apex rounded, outer distal 
margin indistinctly serrulate, whole outer margin setose. 

Length: 5 mm.; breadth: 2°65 mm. 

Colour : Brownish, a lighter longitudinal median patch on peraeon 
segments 4-7 and extending on to the process on pleon, portions of 
the telson and uropods also lighter. 

Locality: Port Shepstone, Natal. 23/12/12. (K.H.B.) 1 ¢. 
Low-tide. (S.A.M. No. A2716.) 

In one character this species differs from all other Sphaeromids 
known to me: the male appendages on the 7th peraeon segment 
instead of being separate throughout their length, are here fused in 
the basal half. 

But for the Hemibranchiate character of the 4th and 5th pleopods 
this species might be placed in the genus Dynamenella. On the 
other hand, it cannot be included in any of the Hemibranchiate 
genera hitherto established on account of the unjointed outer ramus 
of pleopod 3 (Sphaeroma and Hemisphaeroma being the only genera 
presenting this feature). 

A new genus is thus unavoidably necessary. This genus together 


410 Annals of the South African Museum. 


with the two previous ones, Parisocladus and Sphaeramene, appear 
to represent a third section of the Hemibranchiate Sphaeronunae, 
equal in value to Hansen’s Sphaeromint and Cymodocini. This 
section is intermediate between the Hemibranchiatae and the 
Eubranchiatae, combining the pleopods of the former with the 
telson of the latter. Within the section, Parisocladus and Sphaera- 
mene are nearer the typical Hemibranchiatae in having a 2-jointed 
outer ramus to pleopod 3, while Dynoides is nearer the Eubranchiatae 
in having the outer ramus of pleopod 3 unjointed. 


Group HUBRANCHIATAH, Hansen. 


Gen. DYNAMENELLA, Hansen. 


1905. Dynamenella, Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, 
pps 107, 126. 


1905. i Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. ix. 

1906. * id. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 31 (1907), p. 14. 

1907. ss Nobili, Mem. Ace. Sci, Torino, ); vol. 0%; 
p. 422. 


Hansen gives as one of the characters of this genus ‘‘ without real 
processes,’ and Miss Richardson accepts this (l.c. 1906, p. 14). 
However in the type species D. perforata (Moore) the 7th peraeon 
segment is produced backward in 2 rounded lobes (Richardson, 1905, 
lie. p. 300, fig. 319). To a less extent the same is the case in 
D. australis, Richardson, and D. scabricula (Heller). There seems 
therefore no reason why D. dioxvus, n. sp., should not be included 
in the genus, at least for the present; and this I have done. To 
the definition of the genus thus modified—namely, 7th peraeon 
segment with or without processes in g¢ —can be added: mouth 
parts in ? not modified, brood developed in internal pouches. 

The terminal notch is variable, being sometimes of the same width 
throughout, sometimes widening anteriorly into a foramen, but it is 
always similar in both sexes, though often rather deeper in the g 
than the ?. The cordiform shape of the aperture in D. dioxus, n. sp., 
invites comparison with D. platwra, Nobili (1907, l.c. p. 423, pl. 2, 
fig. 12), and Cymodocea cordiforaminalis, Chilton (1882, Tr. N.Z. Inst. 
vol. 15, p. 188, plate 22a, fig. 1). The two last-mentioned species in 
fact appear to be very closely allied if not actually identical. The 
figure of the telson of the female which Nobili gives (fig. 12a) may 
very possibly be that of an immature specimen in which the apical 
notch has not reached its full development. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 411 


The South African representatives of this genus can be divided 
into three groups, characterized as follows :— 


Seventh peraeon segment without pro- 
minent processes, one or more of the 
peraeon segments tuberculate, telsonic | 
notch widening anteriorly but with- 
out median lobe. 


D. scabricula (Heller). 
D. australis, Richardson. 
D. bicolor, n. sp. 


minent processes, telsonic notch 
widening anteriorly, with median 
lobe. 


we) 


. dioxus, Nn. sp. 


D. krausst, n. sp. 
+ D. macrocephala (Krauss). 
D. ovalis, n. sp. 


Peraeon segments all smooth, telsonic 
notch not widening anteriorly. 


Seventh peraeon segment with 2 al 
D. scabricula and D. dioxus both occupy rather isolated positions, 


the first on account of its mandibles and uropods, the second in 
possessing well-developed processes on the 7th peraeon segment. 


DYNAMENELLA SCABRICULA (Heller). 
(Plate XXXYV. A.) 
1866. Sphaeroma scabricula, Heller, ‘‘ Novara”’ Crust. p. 141, pl. 12, 
fig elle 

As mentioned above under Sphaeramene polytylotus, the specimens 
assigned by Hansen in 1905 to Heller’s species were in reality not 
that species ; the Sphaeroma (?) scabriculum of Hansen therefore 
drops out of the synonymy of D. scabricula (Heller). 

The transverse rows of tubercles on the peraeon segments, which 
are single in the centre, break up laterally into a number of small 
tubercles on each segment. 

The two median tubercles on the 7th peraeon segment in the 3 
are much larger than the rest, in consequence of which the posterior 
margin is slightly bilobed. 

The 1st pleon segment is narrow, only visible laterally ; the 2nd 
segment has the pleuron produced forward as an acute process under- 
riding the epimeron of 7th peraeon segment; 3rd and 4th segments 
also narrow. 

There are two small and obscure submedian tubercles on the 4th 
pleon segment, and 2 submedian rather elongate tubercles at the base 


412 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


of the telson between the two ‘“carinae.”” Heller uses the word 
‘“carinae,” but it would be better to say ‘‘ humps,” tuberculate 
externally, smooth internally. 

In the female the tubercles on the peraeon are barely visible 
except on the posterior segments, where they are nevertheless 
smaller than in the male. The tubercles on the pleon are also 
smaller in the female, and the telsonic notch is less expanded 
anteriorly. 

Epimera not distinctly separated from segments, not keeled, the 
inferior margins forming the outline of the animal in dorsal view, 
epimeron of 7th segment not hidden ventrally by pleuron of 2nd 
pleon segment. 

First antenna, 1st joint longest, 2nd joint shortest, both with upper 
and lower margins sharply keeled, inner face of Ist joint hollowed 
for reception of first 2 peduncular joints of second antenna, that of 
2nd joint with median longitudinal keel, 3rd joint cylindrical and 
slender, flagellum 8-jointed, not quite as long as lst peduncular 
joint. 

Second antenna reaching to posterior margin of 3rd peraeon 
segment, 5th joint longest, 2nd and 4th subequal, 1st shortest, 
flagellum equal to peduncle, 16-jointed. 

Upper lip distally rounded, setose, only the proximal third 
embraced by the epistome, the proximal end of which is bluntly 
pointed, 

Lower lip, lobes fairly elongate with rounded and setose apices. 

Mandibles resembling those figured for D. perforata by Moore 
(Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. vol. 20, pt. 2, 1902, pl. 10, fig. 14) elongate, 
cutting-edge bluntly rounded, secondary cutting-edge in left obscurely 
bidentate, spine-row with ca, 5 spines in left, ca. 8 in right, molar 
not prominent, denticulate, with tuft on setae on posterior margin, 
palp slender, joints decreasing in length, 2nd and 3rd setose. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines, the inner ones denticu- 
late, inner plate with 4 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 8 spines. 

Maxilliped 2nd joint elongate, 4th, 5th and 6th joints internally 
obed. 

The mouth parts project rather prominently owing to their 
elongate character. 

First peraeopod, 4th joint strongly produced and furry on outer 
apex, fur on inner margins of 4th, 5th and 6th joints, thick and 
rather long, secondary unguis not bifid, inner margin of 7th joint 
denticulate. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 413 


Second to seventh peraeopods similar, outer margin of 2nd joint 
expanded and keeled, most prominently on the 6th peraeopod. 

Marsupial plates overlapping in the middle line. Position of 
developing embryos not determined, as no ovigerous females have 
been seen, 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, short, stout, 
with blunt apices. 

First to third pleopods with 2 hooked spines on inner apex 
of peduncle. Outer ramus of 1st pleopod larger than inner, with 
prominent outstanding spine in middle of outer margin. Male stylet 
on 2nd pleopod a little longer than ramus, stout, slightly enlarged 
subapically, apex blunt. ; 

Uropods extending slightly beyond telsonic apex, more so in g 
than in ?, inner ramus broad, apex roundly truncate, outer ramus 
narrower and rather longer than inner, inner margin straight, outer 
convex, apex pointed. 

Length: 3 16 mm., ? llmm.; breadth: 3g 8 mm., ? 5d mm. 

Colour : Heller gives a good description of one colour variety. 
Other variations are as follows: Slaty grey, either uniform or with 
the darker patches mentioned by Heller, these patches being so 
arranged as to leave a dumb-bell-shaped light grey median stripe, 
one end of which is on segments 3 and 4, the other end on the 
telson, where it is flanked on either side by a longitudinal dark 
band (characteristic of young specimens from St. James); brown 
with the head, a median patch on peraeon segments 3 and 4, and on 
pleon segments 1-4, telson and uropods white ; white with head and 
peraeon segment and the lateral portions of pleon segments 1-4 
red-brown ; whitish with a black V-shaped mark, diverging anteriorly, 
on peraeon segments 3-5, the pleon, telson and uropods mottled 
with black, on the posterior portion of the body the white 
ground colour hecomes a brilliant green which however is soon 
lost in spirit (this last variety characteristic of large males from 
Sea Point). 

Locality : Dassen Island, April, 1897 (R. M. Lightfoot); Hout 
Bay, 11/2/14 (K.H.B.); Sea Point, near Cape Town, 13/4/14 
(K.H.B.); St. James, False Bay, March, 1901 (Dr. W. F. Purcell), 
May, 1912 (K.H.B.), and 9/2/14 (S. H. Haughton). ¢ 3%, ovigerous 
? ? and juv. In crevices of rocks which are left dry at low-tide, 
where they harmonize well with the encrusting algae. (S.A.M. 
Nos. A2549, A2669, A2727, 9855, A2284 and A2668 respectively.) 

Types (8 ¢ ¢) in the k.k. naturh. Hofmuseum in Vienna. 


414 Annals of the South African Museum. 


DYNAMENELLA AUSTRALIS, Richardson. 
(Plate XXXV. E.) 


1906. Dynamenella australis, Richardson. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 
vol, dl (1907) spo, tie, a9: 

To Miss Richardson’s excellent description the following details 
may be added: Hpistome intermediate between that of D. scabricula 
and D. krawssi, main and secondary cutting-edges of the mandibles 
tridentate, ca. 8 spines in the spine-row, the smaller unguis on 
peraeopods distinctly and deeply bifid, the fur on inner margins 
of 3rd—6th joints thick but short, inner apex of peduncle of 1st—3rd 
pleopods with 6 hooked setae, outer ramus of pleopod 1 with an 
outstanding spine on outer margin, male stylet on pleopod 2 a little 
longer than ramus, slightly enlarged subapically as in D. scabricula, 
the whole body minutely granular and setose. 

Length: 9 mm.; breadth: 4°56 mm. 

Colour : “The body .. . is marked with patches of black over 
a light surface. The abdomen is dark, as well as the head, and 
there is a broad stripe of the darker colour on the inner uropod”’ 
(Richardson). In living specimens the colouration is as follows: 
Whitish with the lateral margins of the peraeon, the anterior margin 
of the head, and the antennae reddish, on peraeon segments 4 and 5 
two dark red oblique stripes diverging posteriorly, and on segments 
6 and 7 two similar stripes or patches converging posteriorly, thus 
forming a diamond-shaped mark on segments 4-7, the tubercles and 
the apices of telson and uropods pinky red. 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 28/12/13. (K.H.B.) 
4 6v6.. Houty Bay. 1/2/14... (KER) Sg a(S nev Nos: 
A2666 and A2670.) 

Types in the U.S. National Museum. 


DYNAMENELLA BICOLOR, DN. sp. 
(Plate XXXVI. A.) 


Body very finely shagreened, glabrous. Peraeon with a transverse 
row of eight low tubercles on each segment, becoming obsolete 
anteriorly, but quite distinct on segments 5-7. Pleon with two low 
tubercles on 4th segment, telson with a transverse row of 4 tubercles 
near base, the two inner ones being smaller than the outer, beyond 
these 2 large submedian tubercles, a large tubercle just anterior to, 
and partly concealing in dorsal view the terminal notch, which is 
narrow and deep, slightly wider anteriorly than posteriorly. 

First antenna reaching to posterior angle of lst peraeon segment, 
flagellum 11-jointed. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 415 


Second antenna reaching about as far as first, flagellum 13-jointed. 

Epistome with sides straight, proximal end obtuse. 

Mandibles as in D. kraussi, cutting-edge in left mandible obtusely 
tridentate, in right entire, secondary cutting-edge in left strongly 
chitinized, entire, in right pale and transparent, serrulate ; spine-row 
with 5 spines, 

Peraeopods, with thick but short fur on 38rd—6th joints; Ist 
peraeopod with a strong doubly-serrate spine-seta on inner apices of 
4th—6th joints; smaller unguis feebly bifid; 7th peraeopod with 
several long setae on outer margin of 3rd joint and apices of 4th and 
5th joints, outer margin 6th joint not setose. 

Pleopods 1-3 with 3 hooked setae on inner apex of peduncle ; 
pleopod 1 without outstanding spine on outer margin of exopod; 
pleopod 2 with male stylet # as long again as ramus, stout, apex 
subacute. 

Uropods scarcely extending beyond telsonic apex, both oval with 
rounded apices, subequal in length, the outer a little broader than 
inner, 

Length: 8mm.; breadth: 4:5 mm. 

Colour: Head and peraeon segments 1-4 pinky brown, with a 
round whitish median patch extending over segments 2-4, and on 
these same segments 2-3 small round bluish-black spots on either 
side of the median patch; segments 5-7, telson, uropods and 
median portion of 4th pleon segment whitish, the telsonic tubercles 
pinkish; lateral portions of 4th pleon segment brown with 2 bluish- 
black spots. 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 15/11/13. (K.H.B.) 
3 3 gf ; the largest specimen is in process of moulting, probably for 
the last time since the male stylet and penis are fully developed ; 
the length of a full grown specimen will therefore be a little more 
than that given above. (8.A.M. No. A2609.) 

This species is close to D. australis, Richardson, in the general 
scheme of sculpturing of the pleon, but differs in the number of 
tubercles as well as in the following characters: The single row of 
tubercles on peraeon segment 7 and the presence of tubercles on 
the segments anterior to this, the shape of the uropods, the epistome 
and the details of the peraeopods and pleopods. 


DYNAMENELLA KRAUSSI, nl. Sp. 
(Plate XXXV. B.) 


1843. Sphaeroma savignii, Krauss, D. Siidafrik. Crust. p. 65. (non 
M. Edwards.) 


416 Annals of the South African Museum. 


1910. Sphaeroma savignit, Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. p. 432. 
(Quoted from Krauss.) 


Body nearly parallel-sided, convex, smooth and glabrous. 

Head as long as Ist peraeon segment, which is not much longer 
than the following segments, 7th segment entirely without trace of 
tubercles or lobes. Epimera not distinct from segments, continuing 
in same plane as segments, their free ends quadrate, 6th and 7th 
slightly produced backwards. 

Pleon with lst segment not concealed, even in median line, 
segments 1-4 without ornamentation. Telson convex, rounded, 
apex with a small semicircular notch, ventrally grooved. 

First antenna, Ist and 2nd joints stout, upper and lower margins 
keeled, whole of inner face of 2nd and distal end of lst with a 
median keel, 3rd joint slender, almost equal to 2nd, flagellum as 
long as Ist joint, 12-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching to 3rd peraeon segment, Ist joint small, 
2nd and 4th subequal, 3rd a little shorter and 5th a little longer, 
flagellum a little longer than peduncle, 19-jointed. 

ipistome proximally truncate, lateral margins convex ; upper lip 
distally straight with slight median prominence, setose. 

Lower lip, lobes short and broad, apices rounded, setose. 

Mandibles stout, cutting-edge blunt, entire, secondary cutting-edge 
in left tridentate, in right represented by 2 translucent plates 
with truncate and denticulate apices, spine-row with ca. 6 spines 
in left, ca. 8 in right, palp with Ist joint longest, 2nd and 3rd 
subequal. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 7 spines, the 3 outer ones denticu- 
late on their outer edges, the 4 inner ones on their inner edges, 
inner plate with 4 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates each with 6 denticulate 
spines. 

Maxilliped, inner plate shorter than 2nd joint in g, almost as 
long in 2, with 1 coupling-hook. 

First peraeopod stout, 3rd joint distally expanded externally, 
setulose, with 1 outstanding spine, 4th joint also expanded, 5th 
small, triangular, 6th ovate, inner margin of 4th, 5th and 6th joints 
with short, thick fur, inner margin of 7th with regular close-set 
denticles. 

Second to seventh peraeopods similar but longer, 2nd and 38rd 
joints subequal, 4th not so prominently expanded, 5th oblong, 
6th elongate-oblong. Secondary unguis on all peraeopods simple, 
entire. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 417 


Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, stout, 
apically obtuse. 

Marsupial lamellae overlapping in the middle line, the brood 
developed in internal pouches. 

First to third pleopods with 6 hooked spines on inner apex of 
peduncle. 

First pleopod with outer ramus a little longer than inner, without 
spine on outer margin, outer ramus and the uncovered portion of 
inner ramus indurated, pigmented. 

Second pleopod with outer ramus half length of inner, male stylet 
stout, longer than ramus, apex acute. 

Third pleopod with outer ramus $ length and 
ramus. 

Uropods, inner ramus as long telson, oval, apex rounded, outer 
ramus smaller, 

Length: $ 13 mm., ¢ 10 mm.; breadth: § 65mm., ? 5mm. 
Male specimens from the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula 
frequently attain a size of 16 mm. x 8 mm. 

Colour : The ground colour varies from maroon to greenish brown, 
some specimens are uniform, but more frequently there is a row 
of lighter spots near the epimeral satures and at the base of the 
uropods, and 3 or 4 lighter, rather irregular, patches down the 
middle of the back, one covering the posterior part of the head 
and anterior part of the 1st peraeon segment, another on 2nd—4th, 
another on 5th-7th peraeon segments, the fourth, if present, 
at the base of the pleon. These spots and patches are either 
whitish, or pale reddish, or green. Peraeopods not dark. Young 
specimens are usually uniform, but may have a whitish patch on 
the epimera and sides of the peraeon. 

Locality: Green Point, near Cape Town, March, 1899 (Dr. 
W. F. Purcell), 1 g ; Sea Point, near Cape Town, Nov. and Dec., 
1913 (K.H.B.), 33, 2 2 and young; St. James, False Bay, April, 
1901 (Dr. Purcell),and June, 1912 (K.H.B.),9 ¢, 2 ?; Buttels Bay, 
False Bay, 28/9/13 (K.H.B.), 3 3, 2.2 and young; Atlantic coast 
near Cape of Good Hope, 29/9/13 (K.H.B.), gd, 2 2 ; St. James, 
15/2/14 (K.H.B.), ¢ 3, ovigerous 2 2? and young; Port Shepstone, 
Natal, Dee., 1912 (K.H.B.), gf and immature specimens. 
(S.A.M. Nos. 13548, A2604, 8829, A2448, A2520, A2528, A2678, and 
A2238 respectively.) 

Krauss obtained his specimens from the Natal coast. 

This species lives amongst the red and brown seaweeds near low- 
water mark. 


width of inner 


bole 


418 Annals of the South African Museum. 


DYNAMENELLA OVALIS, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXXV. D.) 


1913. Sphaeromidae inc. sed. (2) Tattersall, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 
vol. 49, pt. 4, p. 888, pl. figs. 9, 10. 

Very similar to D. kraussi, but well differentiated by its smaller 
size and oval shape, the width being 3 of the length instead of 4 
as in the latter. Also the body is much flatter and the epimera 
do not continue in the same curve as the dorsa, there being a 
distinct though shallow groove between them. The notch at the 
end of telson is shallower. 

Epistome rather stouter, inner margins of arms convex, not 
straight or slightly concave, ends of the arms squarely, not 
obliquely, truncate. 

Third joint of 1st peraeopod not strongly expanded at outer 
apex. 

First to third pleopods with 4 hooked spines on inner apex of 
peduncle. Male stylets not developed externally, g being 
immature. 

In other respects resembling D. kraussi. 

Length: § T75mm., 2? 55mm.; breadth: ¢ 5mm., 2? 3 mm. 

Colour ; Olive-brown, with fine darker mottlings and minute black 
specks, peraeon with scattered metallic golden specks, peraeopods 
not dark. 

Locality: St. James, False Bay. June, 1912. (K.H.B.) 1 3, 
3 ovigerous 9? 9,2juv. (S.A.M. No. A2444.) 

Dr. Tattersall has kindly confirmed the identity of my specimens 
with the single 2 obtained by the ‘‘ Scotia’ in Saldanha Bay. 


DYNAMENELLA MACROCEPHALA (Krauss). 
(Plate XX XV. C.) 
1843. Sphaeroma macrocephala, Krauss, Die Siidafrik. Crust. p. 65. 


1910. - Wa Stebbing, Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust. 
p. 432. (Sphaeromidae incertae 
sedis.) 

Krauss’ brief description is as follows: ‘‘ Body somewhat 


flattened, smooth, light green with darker spots. Head very broad 
and nearly as long as first two thoracic segments. Abdomen very 
convex, obscurely bituberculate, triangular, the apex shallowly 
notched. Branches of the uropods as long as the abdomen, the 
upper [ = inner] oblique and rounded, the lower [= outer] elongate 
oval. In algae on the Natal coast. Length 2 lines.” 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 419 


After examining, as far as possible, Krauss’ exsiccated type speci- 
men, I decided that the characters were not definite enough to 
separate it from D. kraussi (the Sphaeroma savigni of Krauss). 
It might very well be a young and abnormal specimen of that 
species. Since then, however, specimens have been collected in 
Table Bay, which prove to be adult and which show the bituber- 
culate character of the telson very much more pronounced than 
in Krauss’ specimen. 

Though described as “smooth,” the body is in reality (both in 
the type specimen and the Table Bay specimens) very finely 
granular. In respect to convexity it is intermediate between 
D. kraussi and D. ovalis. 

The following details are taken from the fresh specimens :— 

First antenna scarcely reaching middle of first peraeon segment, 
the keel on the upper margin of 2nd peduncular joint very promi- 
nent, flagellum 9-jointed. 

Second antenna reaching nearly to middle of 3rd peraeon segment, 
flagellum 16-jointed. 

Hpistome as in D, ovalis, the proximal margin scarcely marked 
off from the lateral margins. 

First peraeopod, third joint not very strongly expanded on outer 
distal margin. 

Male appendages on ‘7th peraeon segment contiguous, stout, 
apices blunt. 

First to third pleopods with 4 hooked spines on inner apex of 
peduncle. 

Length: 65 mm.; breadth: 3:5 mm. 

Colour : Grey with greenish or brownish spots and streaks, the 
anterior portion of pleon usually darker than, the telson lighter than, 
the peraeon, 2nd joint of all peraeopods dark brownish. 

Locality : Sea Point, near Cape Town. 15/11/13. (K.H.B.) ¢ 3, 
ovigerous ? 2 and young. (S.A.M. No. A2608.) 

Type in the Stuttgart Museum. 


DYNAMENELLA DIOXUS, N. sp. 
(Plate XXXIV. E.) 


Body finely granular, with long scattered hairs, most numerous 
on the epimera. First peraeon segment nearly as long as head 
and longer than the other segments. Seventh segment with two 
large submedian processes extending to middle of the telson and 
almost completely concealing the anterior segments of the pleon. 


420 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Telson with 2 small, round, rather widely-spaced tubercles. Apex 
with a V-shaped foramen, wider anteriorly, with a median lobe. 

In the ? there are no processes on the 7th peraeon segment 
and the median lobe in the telsonic foramen is smaller, 

First antenna, first joint nearly 3 times length of 2nd, exterior 
margins of lst and 2nd setose, 3rd joint slender, flagellum equal 
to 1st peduncular joint, 6-jointed. 

Second antenna, peduncle a little longer than that of 1st antenna, 
1st joint shortest, 2nd and 4th subequal, 5th longest, flagellum 
equal to peduncle, 7-jointed. 

Upper lip triangular, distal margin slightly convex, setose, 
epistome short, rounded proximally. 

Lower lip with rather broad lobes, apices rounded, setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge quadridentate, secondary cutting-edge 
tridentate, stronger in left than right, spine-row with 7 spines, molar 
oblique, denticulate, setose on posterior margin, palp with 2nd and 
3rd joints subequal, a little shorter than Ist. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 8 spines, the inner ones denticulate, 
inner plate with 4 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 5-6 denticulate 
setae, inner plate not much broader, with numerous plumose setae. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint, strongly setulose on outer margin, inner 
plate not quite as long, broadest in middle, apex rounded, 1 coupling- 
hook, 4th—6th joints strongly lobed internally and, like the apex of 
the slender 7th joint, setose. 

First peraeopod, 3rd joint not strongly expanded on exterior 
margin, outer and inner margins of all joints setulose, inner apices 
of 4th—6th joints each with 1 large serrulate spine, unguis strong, no 
secondary unguis but a spine in its place. 

Second peraeopod longer and more slender, with secondary unguis, 

Remaining peraeopods rather stouter, except the 7th, which is 
about as slender as the 2nd. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment close together, tapering, 
apices subacute. 

First to third pleopods with 3 hooked setae on inner apex of 
peduncle. 

Second pleopod, outer ramus shorter than inner, male stylet 
somewhat enlarged distally, apex subacute, extending beyond inner 
ramus. 

Third pleopod, outer ramus shorter than inner, one-jointed. 

Fourth and fifth pleopods, both rami branchial, with about 6 folds. 

Uropods, inner ramus as long as telson, apex obliquely truncate, 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 421 


outer ramus a little shorter, obovate, apex rounded, distal margins 
of both rami minutely crenulate and setose. 

Length : 35 mm.; breadth: 1:3 mm. 

Colour: Purplish brown (turning pinkish in spirits) with an hour- 
glass-shaped light patch on back of peraeon. 

Locality : Sea Point, near Cape Town. 15/11/13. (K.H.B.) One 
adult and 1 immature g,and 2 nonovigerous ? ?. St. James, False 
Bay. 15/2/14. (K.H.B.) 1 nonovigerous ¢. Low-tide. (5.A.M. 
Nos. A2610 and A2682.) 


Gren. CYMODOCELLA, Pfeffer. 


1887. Cymodocella, Pfeffer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamburg, vol. 4, 
pps 187205169: 


1905. 25 Stebbing in Herdman’s Ceylon Pearl Fish. 
Suppl. Rep. 23, p. 30. 

1905. 3 Hansen, Q. J. Microse. Sci. vol. 49, pt. 1, 
pp: 80, 107, 126: 

1910. ae Stebbing, Gen. Cat. 8.A. Crust. p. 450. 

1910. 2 Hodgson, Nat. Antarct. Exp. vol. 5, p. 31. 


Besides C. tubicauda, Pfeffer (l.c.), the only other species of this 
genus is C. algoense (Stebbing) (1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 15, 
p. 186, pl. 15 A, figs. 3, 3a). The latter was described from a 
specimen ;4, inch in length, which appears to be immature, judging 
from the shape and size of the posterior peraeon segments and the 
uropods ; also the circular foramen on the telsonic apex is incom- 
plete and not directed dorsally. Although both the species 
described below are’ very common at the Cape, the smallest 
specimens I have yet come across are } inch in length and cannot be 
correlated with C. algoense. Until therefore further and adult 
specimens of CU. algoense are obtained from Algoa Bay (if the 
original specimen did in reality come from that locality, on which 
point there is a little doubt), the name algoense cannot be applied to 
either of the present species. 

From C. twbicauda, Pfeffer, as described by Hodgson (l.c. p. 31) 
and figured by him (Crust. of the ‘‘ Southern Cross,” pl. 33, fig. 2), 
both the Cape species are abundantly distinct. Thus C. twbicauda 
has small eyes, both rami of the uropods are lanceolate, not oval, 
the outer ramus of Ist pleopod is a little longer than inner, no 
mention is made of the 2nd peraeopod being much more slender 
than the other peraeopods, nor of the pectinate spines on apex of 
Sth joint of 7th peraeopod, no mention is made in the description 

32 


422, Annals of the South African Musewm. 


of tubercles on the telson, though from the figure there would 
appear to be 4 such, the general shape is more oval. 

C. tubicauda seems to be essentially an antarctic form, not having 
been found north of 50° 8, latitude. 


CYMODOCELLA SUBLEVIS, N. sp. 
(Plate XXXVI. B.) 

Body very finely. shagreened, visible chiefly on posterior margins 
of peraeon segments. Head with eyes of the normal Sphaeromid 
size. Seventh segment of the peraeon narrower than, and laterally 
overlapped by, the 6th segment. Epimera not distinctly separated 
from segments, almost vertical. Pleon with lst segment con- 
cealed beneath 7th peraeon segment, 4th segment with 2 very 
obscure tubercles, telson convex basally, with 2 obscure tubercles, 
lateral margins bent inwards ventrally forming a tube curving 
upwards with the apical foramen directed dorsally. 

First antenna, Ist joint stout, twice as long as 2nd or 3rd, which 
are subequal, 3rd more slender than 2nd, flagellum 7-jointed, equal 
to 1st and 2nd peduncular joints together. 

Second antenna, Ist and 3rd joints subequal, 2nd a little longer, 
4th and 5th a little longer than 2nd, subequal, flagellum 10-jointed, 
as long as peduncle. 

Epistome triangular, proximally narrow, widening rapidly but 
embracing hardly more than the basal third of upper lip, which is 
broader than long, distal margin rounded. 

Lower lip with lobes short, broad, apically rounded. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge bidentate, secondary cutting-edge well 
developed in left, spine-row with ca. 6 spines, molar strong, oblique, 
denticulate, palp slender, Ist joint slightly longer than 2nd, 38rd 
shorter. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 9-10 spines, the inner ones 
denticulate, inner plate with 4 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates each with 4 minutely 
denticulate spine-setae. 

Maxilliped, inner plate equal to 2nd joint, with 1 coupling-hook, 
4th, 5th and 6th joints internally lobed. 

First peraeopod with 4th joint produced on outer apex, with 
1 strong spine, inner apices of 4th, 5th and 6th joints each with 
1 strong doubly pectinate spine, fur on these same joints not very 
thick or long. 

Second peraeopod longer and much more slender than first, 3rd and 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 423 


6th joints subequal, nearly equal to 2nd joint, 5th joint elongate, as 
long as inner margin of 4th, inner apices of 4th and 5th joints with 
1 long seta. 

Third to seventh peraeopods as stout as 1st peraeopod, but increas- 
ing in length, 5th joint in 7th peraeopod with an apical circle of long 
pectinate spines, outer margin of 3rd joint with 2 long spines and 
2 shorter ones. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, very long, 
narrow and tapering to fine points. 

First to third pleopods with 8 hooked setae on inner apex of 
peduncle ; inner ramus of Ist pleopod half as long again as outer ; 
both rami of 2nd pleopod subequal, male stylet 24 times as long 
as ramus, rather stout basally, tapering gradually to a fine point; 
inner ramus of 8rd pleopod rather shorter than the unjointed 
outer ramus. 

Uropods, rami not quite reaching telsonic apex, outer a little 
shorter than inner, lamellar, obovate, with rounded apices, outer 
margin of outer ramus and inner margin of inner ramus thickened. 

Length: 3°3 mm.: breadth: 1°75 mm. 

Colour: Dark purplish brown, either uniform or with a whitish 
telson. 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 29/11/13. (K.H.B.) 
3 $3, 1 ovigerous ? and several immature. (S.A.M. No. A2623.) 


CYMODOCELLA PUSTULATA, ND. Sp. 
(Plate XXXVI. C.) 


Body covered with granules, which are strongest on the peraeon 
segments, weakest on the head. Seventh peraeon segment narrower 
than 6th, the posterior margin strongly bilobed (the lobes rather 
gibbous but not tuberculate). Fourth segment of pleon with 
2 small submedian tubercles, telson with 4 tubercles at base, the 
2 middle ones largest and rather elongate, behind these 2 submedian 
tubercles, apex tubular, upturned, the foramen directed dorsally. 
The females and immature specimens are less strongly tuberculate 
and the 7th peraeon segment is scarcely bilobed. 

Flagella of 1st and 2nd antennae respectively 10 and’11-jointed. 

Male appendages on ‘7th peraeon segment moderately long, 
contiguous, apices acute. 

Male stylet on 2nd pleopod extends half its own length beyond 
apex of ramus, its apex blunt and slightly enlarged, inner ramus 
half as long again as outer. 


424 Annals of the South African Museum. 


In other respects this species resembles C. swblevis. The young 
(2°5-3 mm.) of the two species are difficult, if not impossible, to 
separate except by the colouration, which seems quite distinctive. 

Length: 4:5 mm.; breadth: 2°2 mm. 

Colour : Greenish or reddish brown; in young specimens the 
head, 1st peraeon segment and pleon (either the whole or only the 
anterior portion) are dark, the intervening portion light, sometimes 
a reddish band across the lighter peraeon segments; the older the 
specimens, the more they tend towards a uniform colouration. 

Locality: St. James, June, 1912; and Buffels Bay, 28/9/18 
(both in False Bay). (K.H.B.) 2 ¢¢; Sea Point, near Cape 
Town. 15/11/13. (K.H.B.) gd, 2 9 and young from 2-5 mm. 
in length upwards. (S.A.M. Nos. A2447, A2548 and A2607 
respectively.) 


Famity IDOTEIDAE. 


For references see Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 1, p. 51, 1900, and 
pt. 2, p. 55, 1902. Also: Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus:, vol, x pts 7, 
p. 203, 1914. 


Gren. PARIDOTEA, Stebbing. 


1900. Paridotea, Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 1, p. 52. 
1909. A Chilton, Subant. Is. New Zeal. vol. 2, p. 660. 


PARIDOTEA RETICULATA, N. Sp. 
(Plate XXXVI. D.) 


Body parallel-sided, smooth, not very convex. Head with frontal 
margin concave with median notch, eyes irregularly round, black. 
Peraeon with postero-lateral angles of segments 1-3 rounded, of 
segments 4-7 subacute. Hpimera of 2nd and 3rd segments narrow, 
the former a little more than half the length of its segment, the 
latter 2 length of its segment; epimera of 4th to 6th segments as 
long as their segments, their postero-lateral angles subacute ; epi- 
meron of 7th segment a little longer than its segment, postero-lateral 
angle acute. All the epimera are without lateral keels, the upper 
surface passing into the ventral surface without a break. The sterna 
of 4th—7th segments are quadrate, with postero-lateral angles rounded, 
posterior margin emarginate with (on 6th and 7th sterna) a small 
median and a small submedian notch. Pleon nearly equal to the 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 425 


6 posterior peraeon segments together, conSisting of a single segment 
with 3 lateral sutures, the basal one of which is very faintly marked 
up to the median line, where however it disappears entirely. Telson 
with straight sides and a low rounded median keel, on either side of 
which the telson is nearly flat, not convex ; the apical margin between 
the acute postero-lateral angles is straight or very slightly convex; a 
short but distinct keel runs along the postero-lateral angles. 

First antenna reaching to end of 2nd peduncular joint of second 
antenna, resembling that of P. wngulata (Pallas). 

Second antenna reaching to middle or posterior margin of 5th 
peraeon segment, inner apex of 3rd, 4th and 5th peduncular joints 
produced, flagellum with from 24 joints in a small specimen to 32 in 
the largest specimens. 

The mouth parts resemble those of P. wngulata except that the 
lateral margins of the epistome are angular, not evenly convex, and 
the inner lobe of the first maxilla has only 3 plumose setae. 

Peraeopods stout, 6th joint of Ist peraeopods setose on inner 
margin, with a short spiniform tubercle near the base; 6th joint of 
2nd and 38rd peraeopods not setose, with spine near base and 2-3 
setae at apex, in ? the basal spine is absent but represented by a 
tuft of 2-3 setae; 6th joint of remaining peraeopods with 2 tufts of 
2-3 setae, one near base, the other at apex; 3rd and 4th joints not 
produced externally on any of the peraeopods. 

Pleopods as in P. wngulata. 

Uropods with strong rounded longitudinal keel on peduncle, ramus 
2 as long as broad, apical margin truncate. 

Length: 63 mm.; breadth: 16 mm. 

Colour: Deep orange-brown with black reticulations, a median 
stripe on peraeon and base of pleon and telson and the postero- 
lateral angles of telson green ; peduncular joints of second antennae 
and the joints of the peraeopods with dark apical bands. 

Locality: Table Bay (washed up on beach), April, 1913. 1 ¢ 
and 1@ with young. (L. Péringuey, jun.); Table Bay. 26/3/96. 
1 immature?.  s.s. ‘‘ Pieter Faure.” Sea Point, near Cape Town. 
13/4/14. (K.H.B.) 3g d, ovigerous 2? ? and juv. On the stalks 
and fronds of the Sea Bamboo (Hcklonia buccinalis) at low-tide. 
(S.A.M. Nos. A2645, A7 and A2724.) 

Although on a cursory glance this species appears very similar to 
P. ungulata, it is nevertheless easily separated by a number of 
characters, viz.: the lesser convexity of the body, the shape of the 
epimera and sterna (in P. wngulata the sterna are rounded posteriorly, 
without the postero-lateral angles and with only a median notch), the 


426 Annals of the South African Museum. 


composition of the pleon, the keel on the telson and the shape of the 
telsonic apex, the length of the 2nd antennae and the produced 
peduncular joints of same (out of many examples of P. wngulata 1 
have not seen one in which the 2nd antennae exceed the posterior 
margin of the 3rd peraeon segment), the inner lobe of the 1st maxilla 
(P. ungulata has 5 plumose setae), the nonproduced 3rd and 4th 
joints of the peraeopods and the armature of the 6th joint, the keel 
on the peduncle and the shape of the ramus of the uropods (in 
P. ungulata the ramus is nearly square, not evidently broader than 
long), and lastly the colouration. 

Young specimens taken from the brood pouch show the distinctive 
produced joints of the peduncle of the 2nd antennae. The telsonic 
apex has a well-marked semicircular notch, and the postero-lateral 
angles are rounded. The young of P. wngulata, also from the brood 
pouch, have the telsonic apex only slightly emarginate. 

As to the genus in which this species should be placed, it will be 
noticed that it differs from P. wngulata, the type species, in the 
number of setae on the inner plate of the Ist maxilla and the com- 
position of the pleon. In the possession of 3 lateral sutures on the 
pleon it agrees with Glyptidotea, Stebbing, and Pentias, Richardson ; 
with the former it also agrees as regards the 1st maxilla (no descrip- 
tion has been given of the Ist maxilla of Pentias hayi, Richardson, 
the only species), but it differs from both as regards the epimera. 

Inasmuch as it agrees with Paridotea in all except these two 
features, and taking into account the fact that the pleon appears to 
be subject to considerable variation, even within the same species 
(see Chilton’s discussion in Tr. New Zeal. Inst. vol. 22, 1890, p. 199, 
on this feature in Idotea (Paridotea) peronii, M. EKdw.), there can be 
little doubt that it should be placed in the genus Paridotea. 


PARIDOTEA RUBRA, 0. sp. 
(Plate XXXVIT. A.) 


Body rather flat, smooth, glabrous. Head broader than long, 
anterior margin arcuate, antero-lateral angles acute, eyes about in 
middle of lateral margins, dark. Peraeon, lst segment wider than 
head, antero-lateral angles rounded, postero-lateral angles of 2nd—7th 
segments rectangular. HEpimera as long as their segments, except 
those of 2nd and 3rd segments, large, rounded, postero-inferior 
angles of those of 2nd—5th segments rounded, of 6th rectangular and 
of 7th subacute. Posterior margins of sterna nearly straight, with 
rather deep median incision, Pleon with 1 complete and 2 incom- 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 427 


plete lateral sutures, lateral margins sinuate, apex excavate, postero- 
lateral angles rounded. 

First antenna reaching to middle of antepenultimate peduncular 
joint of 2nd antenna, flagellum with 8 groups of setae and sensory 
filaments. 

Second antenna reaching to posterior margin of 3rd peraeon 
segment, peduncular joints not produced, 2nd and 3rd_ joints 
subequal, 4th and 5th joints subequal, flagellum 21-jointed. 

Upper lip rounded, strongly setose. 

Lower lip, lobes broad, rounded, strongly setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge 
tridentate, spine-row with ca. 7 spines, molar quadrate in left, 
oblique in right. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 spines, the 2 innermost 
denticulate, inner plate with 3 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 3 setae, inner plate 
twice as broad as others. 

Maxilliped 7-jointed, epipod reaching to end of 4th joint, apex 
incurved. 

Peraeopods all similar, stout, 6th joint with 1 stout bifid tubercle 
near base and 2 setae just beyond, palm of 6th joint of 1st peraeopod 
has in addition scattered setae, ungues unequal. 

First and second pleopods with ca. 8 hooked setae on inner apex 
of peduncle, male stylet on 2nd peraeopod nearly as long as ramus, 
apex acute. 

Uropods, ramus short, broader than long, especially in ?, apex 
truncate, sloping inwards, no setae on outer apex of peduncle. 

Length: g 47 mm., 2? 38 mm.; breadth: g¢ 15 mm., 2 13 mm. 

Colour: Uniform deep red-brown, with a darker median spot on 
anterior margin of peraeon segments 2-7. . 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 28/12/13. (K.H.B.) 
2 84,1 9° with embryos, and several immature. (S.A.M. No. 
A2664.). Amongst the matted red seaweed growing on the stems of 
the Sea Bamboo (Hceklonia) at low-water mark. 

This species agrees with P. reticuiata in having 3 plumose setae 
on inner plate of Ist maxilla. 


PARIDOTEA FUCICOLA, N. sp. 
(Plate XXXVI. E.) 


Body narrow, parallel-sided in g¢, middle segments of peraeon 
slightly wider in ?, smooth, glabrous. Head with anterior margin 


428 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


slightly emarginate, antero-lateral angles not prominent, eyes in 
middle of lateral margin, dark. Peraeon with both anterior and 
posterior margins of lst segment concave, Ist segment in middle 
line 3 length of 2nd, 2nd—4th subequal, 5th—7th subequal and as 
long as Ist. Epimera of 2nd—5th segments 2 as long as their 
segments, not quite reaching posterior margin, those of 6th and 7th 
segments as long as their segments. Pleon equal in length to last 
4 peraeon segments together, with 1 complete and 2 incomplete 
lateral sutures, slightly tapering to a rounded apex with a small 
shallow semicircular notch. 

First antenna reaching to middle of 3rd peduncular joint of 2nd 
antenna, basal joint stout, enlarged, nearly 3 times as broad as 
2nd joint, 2nd and 8rd subequal, flagellum as long as Ist joint, with 
ca. 13 groups of sensory filaments in pairs and a few setules. 

Second antenna reaching to, ora little beyond, end of 2nd peraeon 
segment, Ist joint smaller than 2nd, excised on outer apical margin, 
2nd—4th joints subequal, 5th a little longer, flagellum a little longer 
than peduncle, 18-21-jointed. 

Upper lip broader than long, distal margin straight or slightly 
emarginate, setiferous. 

Lower lip, lobes stout, inner margin oblique, with strong stout 
setae. 

Mandibles, both geniculate, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary 
cutting-edge tridentate in left, bidentate and weaker in right, spine- 
row with ca, 4 spines, molar denticulate with setules on posterior 
margin. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 7 spines, inner plate with 3 plumose 
setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 6 spines. 

Maxilliped narrow, 7-jointed, 3rd joint very short, 5th produced 
at inner apex, 6th nearly as long as 2nd, 7th semicircular, short, 
inner plate as long as 2nd joint, with 1 coupling-hook, epipod 
reaching to end of 4th joint, narrow, lanceolate, apex blunt, slightly 
incurved, 

Peraeopods not very slender; 1st peraeopod shorter than rest, 
6th joint oblong, not ovate, nor enlarged, inner margin with 3 large 
serrate spines and numerous pectinate setae. 

Second peraeopod, 6th joint with 2 large serrate spines but no 
pectinate setae. Third peraeopod similar to 2nd, but only 1 spine on 
6th joint. 

Fourth to seventh peraeopods with thick fur on inner margin of 
4th—6th joints. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 429 


Ungues in all the peraeopods equal and strong, with a tuft of setae 
at their base. 

Male appendages on 7th peraeon segment contiguous, short, 
apices blunt. 

Marsupial plates overlapping. 

Pleopods narrow; 4 hooked spines on inner apex of peduncle, 
male stylet on 2nd pleopod half as long again as ramus, slender, 
scarcely tapering, apex obliquely truncate. 

Uropods narrow, nearly parallel-sided, suture between peduncle 
and ramus oblique, width of ramus equal to inner margin, 
apex truncate, slightly emarginate, no seta on outer apex of 
peduncle, 

Length: ¢@ 22 mms 2 17 mm; “‘breadihe (so 39° “mum, 
29 4 mm. 

Colour: Greenish brown, often with a darker discontinuous 
median stripe on peraeon segments. 

Locality: Smitswinkel Bay (False Bay). 5/7/12. (K.H.B.) 
3 $f, 1 9 and 2 young; Buffels Bay (False Bay). 28/9/13. 
(K.H.B.) 3 33,1 9 with ova; Atlantic coast near Cape of Good 
Hope. 29/9/13. (K.H.B.) fo, 2 2 with ova, and young; 
St. James, False Bay. 15/2/14. (K.H.B.) 33, ¢ 2? with ova. 
(S.A.M. Nos. A2469, A2525, A2526 and A2684 respectively.) 

Found on brown seaweeds at low-water mark. 

This species appears to be very close to Idotea elongata, Miers, 
although there is considerable difference in the shape of the telsonic 
apex. ‘This difference is noticeable in comparing the Cape species 
with Miers’ figure (Cat. N.Z. Crust. 1876, p. 93, pl. 2, fig. 3), and 
Dr. Calman informs me that Miers’ figure is a very fair representa- 
tion of the actual type specimens. | am unable to give a detailed 
comparison of the appendages owing to a want of specimens of 
TI. elongata. 

Dr. Calman also informs me that the type specimens of J. 2lon- 
gata in the British Museum have 1 complete and 2 incomplete basal 
sutures on the pleon and are therefore referable to Paridotea. This 
does not quite agree with Miers’ description (J. Linn. Soc. 1881, 
vol. 16, p. 54). ‘* Postabdomen . . . having usually indications of a 
lateral suture...” Chilton has commented on the variability of 
these sutures (Subant. Is. N.Z. 1909, vol. 2, p. 658) and says of 
specimens coming, like the type specimens, from the Auckland 
Islands: ‘‘The lateral suture on the pleon is often very indistinct, 
so that the pleon is almost or quite uniarticulate.”’ 

Seeing however that the type specimens show the distinctive 


430 Annals of the South African Museum. 


character of Partdotea, I think it legitimate to include elongata in 
this genus, which will therefore contain the following species :— 


Paridotea ungulata (Pallas). Type species. 
. peronw (M. Edw.). 
‘5 elongata (Miers). 
“ rubra, ni. sp. 
F reticulata, n. sp. 
» « jsucicola, u. sp. 


Among the four common Cape specimens, P. wngulata, rubra, 
reticulata, and fucicola, I have found no variation in the distinctness 
of the pleon sutures. 


Famiry ASTACILLIDAE. 


1908. Astacillidae, Stebbing, S.A. Crust. pt. 4, p. 50. 
1911. Arcturidac, Koehler, Bull. Inst. Océan. Monaco, No. 214, p. 1. 
1914. Astaciliidae, Barnard, Ann. 8.A. Mus. vol. x. pt. 7, p. 206. 


IDARCTURUS, n. gen. 


Body not geniculate, head fused with lst peraeon segment, all the 
segments of the pleon fused into one piece, 4th peraeon segment 
longer than the others in the female only, but not markedly 
elongate, antennae, mouth parts, peraeopods, pleopods and uropods 
as in Astacillidae, 3 appendage on 7th peraeon segment single, no 
appendage on 3rd or 5th segments of g, 3 pairs of marsupial 
plates. 

This genus forms a transition from the typical Astacillids to the 
Pseudidoteids and Amesopus, themselves intermediate between the 
Astacillidae and Idoteidae. But that it must be placed in the former 
family and not the Pseudidoterdae or Amesopidae is clearly shown by 
the appendages, especially the anterior peraeopods. 


IDARCTURUS PLATYSOMA, 0. sp. 
(Plate XX XVII. B.) 

Body flattened, not geniculate, resembling an Idoteid, smooth, 
glabrous. Head united with 1st peraeon segment, but the sutures 
distinct laterally, anterior margin excavate, eyes oval, in middle of 
lateral margins, Peraeon segments 2 and 3 subequal, a little longer 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 431 


than Ist, 4th segment in ? as long as head and first 2 segments 
together, not laterally expanded, segments 5-7 subequal, as long as 
first 8 segments together, in g¢ 4th segment as long as 2nd and 3rd 
together, segments 5-7 subequal, twice as long as 4th and thrice 
length of 3rd. Epimera distinct except on Ist segment, narrow, 
inferior margin of those on 5th—7th segments angular. Pleon nearly 
equal to last two segments of peraeon together, all segments com- 
pletely fused without trace of sutures, but in g the basal portion is 
a little wider than the distal part, tapering very slightly to the 
rounded, entire apex. 

First antenna scarcely reaching end of 2nd peduncular joint of 2nd 
antenna, Ist joint very stout, as broad as long, 2nd joint 4 width of, 
and 4 length of Ist joint, 3rd joint a little slenderer and shorter, 
flagellum 1-jointed, as long as 2nd peduncular joint, apex with 
3 setae and 2 large sensory filaments. 

Second antenna reaching to end of 4th peraeon segment, first 2 
joints short, subequal, 3rd joint equal to Ist and 2nd together, 4th 
joint half as long as 3rd, 5th joint a trifle shorter than 4th, flagellum 
a little shorter than 5th joint, 4-jointed in g, Ist joint longest, 2nd— 
4th subequal, 5th small and ending in a small curved claw-like 
process, all joints with apical setae. 

Upper lip transverse, distal margin rounded, 

Lower lip, lobes short with rounded-trunecate apices, inner angles 
with stout setae. 

Mandibles stout, straight, cutting-edge and secondary cutting-edge 
in both tridentate, apparently no spine-row, molar strong, reaching 
to level of end of cutting-edge, palp absent. 

First maxilla, outer plate with 10 straight simple spines, inner 
plate with 3 plumose setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates each with 4 setae. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint short and stout, inner plate equal to 2nd 
joint, apex truncate with a few plumose setae, 2 coupling-hooks in 
middle of inner margin, dth joint oval, equal to 2nd joint in length, 
6th 4 length of 5th, 7th } length of 6th, 4th—6th joints setose inter- 
nally, epipod in ? reaching base of 5th joint, rounded, broader than 
long, backward projecting plate on Ist joint in ? very large. 

First peraeopod short, closing over the maxilliped, 2nd joint 
longest, 5th and 6th subequal, rather longer than 4th, 7th short and 
slender, equal to width of 6th joint, 4th—6th joints with thick fringe 
of long serrulate setae on inner margin, 7th joint with a few 
terminal setae. 

Peraeopods 2 to 4 similar but becoming successively longer, 2nd 


432 Annals of the South African Museum. 


joint stout in peraeopods 2 and 3, longer in peraeopod 4, 4th—6th 
joints subequal in peraeopod 2, in peraeopods 3 and 4 4th joint a 
little longer than 5th and 6th, inner margins of 3rd—6th joints with 
fringe of long setae, 7th jot minute, ending in a curved unguis. 

Peraeopods 5 to 7 subequal in length and similar to one another, 
stout, 2nd joint longest, twice as long as wide, outer margin with 
blunt tubercles (obscure on peraeopod 5), 5th joint shortest except 
7th, which is triangular and ends in a short but strong curved unguis, 
with a strongly chitinized ‘‘ pad’ on inner margin before the unguis. 

Male appendage on 7th peraeon segment single, tapering gradually 
to a subacute apex. 

Marsupial plates 3 pairs, on segments 2-4, that on 4th segment has 
no inset piece, but posterior margin is setose, inferior margin simple. 

First pleopod with oblique row of 3 (3) or 4( 2) hooked setae on 
middle of peduncle, rami as long as peduncle, outer ramus in g with 
long setae in middle. 

Second pleopod with 3 hooked setae near inner apex of peduncle, 
rami longer than peduncle, male stylet a little longer than ramus, 
distal end enlarged, curved outwards and ending in a finely pointed 
apex. 

Third to fifth pleopods with rami lanceolate, covering ramus 
shorter than the other, with a long plumose setae near apex on 
outer margin. 

Uropods narrow, proximal end rounded, tapering gradually distally, 
exposed ramus small, triangular, longer than broad, outer margin 
slightly concave, margins finely setose, concealed ramus very small 
with 3 terminal setae and 1 subterminal on outer margin. 

Length: g 5mm., 2? 10mm.; breadth: ¢ 1mm., 2 2mm. 

Colour : Uniform claret-colour, 5th joint and flagellum of 2nd 
antennae with lighter bands, eyes black. 

Locality: Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula near the Cape of 
Good Hope and near Cape Town. 29/9/13 and 15/11/13. (K.H.B.) 
2 $4, several 9 9, some ovigerous, and young from 3 mm. 
upwards. On red seaweed at low-tide. (S.A.M. Nos. A2527 and 
A2600.) 

In immature specimens peraeon segments 4-7 are subequal, and 
specimens under 4 mm. in length lack the peraeopods on 7th peraeon 
segment. 

The specific name is in allusion to the flattened shape of the 
animal, in consequence of which it is exceedingly difficult to see; it 
is the exact colour of the weed, lies along the smaller branches and 
clings very tenaciously. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fawna of South Africa. 433 


Faminy JAKRIDAE. 


1910. Jaeridae, Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. vol. 31, 
No. 207, p. 224. (References.) 


GEN. JAERA, Leach. 


1814. Jaera, Leach, (? Tr. Linn. Soe. vol. 11, p. 373), Edinb. Encycl. 
vol. 7, p. 434. 

1825. ,,  Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 316. 

1840. ,»  M. Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. vol. 3, p. 147. 

1840. Jaeridina, id. ibid. p. 150. 

1887. Jaera, Pfeffer, Jahresber. Hamb. wiss. Anst. vol. 5, p. 134. 

1893. ,  stebbing, Hist. Crust. p. 379. 

1897. Jaera, J. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 103. 

1905. Jaera, Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 449. 

1905. » Tattersall, Fish. Ireland Sci. Invest. 1904, No.2, p.d1. 


JAERA SERRATA, N. Sp. 
(Plate XXXVIITI. A.) 


Body glabrous except for a few scattered setae on the sides. 
Head without rostrum, anterior margin nearly straight, antero- 
lateral angles acutely produced, lateral margins with six teeth and 
scattered setae, eyes oval, black. 

Peraeon segments subequal, antero-lateral angles of first segment 
each with a stout spine, no marked gap between the anterior four 
segments and the posterior three. 

Pleon nearly equal to last three peraeon segments, longer than 
broad, oval, lateral margins with scattered setae and towards apex 
with six teeth, notches for uropods well marked, leaving a median 
point. 

First antenna reaching to end of dth peduncular joint of second 
antenna, Ist joint very stout, 2nd and 8rd slender, not distinguished 
from the 3-jointed flagellum. 

Second antenna about twice length of head, 3rd joint with a dis- 
tinct scale bearing 2 setules, 5th and 6th joints subequal, flagellum 
as long as peduncle, 15-jointed., 

Upper lip as in J. marina. 

Mandibles as in J. marina, the molar very prominent, the joints of 
the palp slightly increasing in length from the first. 

Maxillipeds, 4th and 5th joints larger than 38rd or 6th joints, but 


434 Annals of the South African Museum. 


not greatly expanded, epipod with outer margin angular not rounded 
as in J. marina, reaching to middle of 5th joint. 

Peraeopods all similar, the posterior ones rather longer, the first 
apparently uniunguiculate, the rest biunguiculate. 

First pleopods elongate, outer angle of peduncle produced into a 
long thin point exceeding in length the rami, which are well developed 
with blunt setose apices. 

Second pleopods, peduncle ovate, apically acute, setose on apical 
distal margin, outer ramus large, bilobed, near apex of peduncle, 
inner ramus (= penial filament) very bulbous at base, the distal 
portion narrowing to a long thread nearly twice length of pleopod. 

Third pleopods, inner ramus with 2 apical setae, outer ramus 
about as long, 2-jointed, the second joint setose. 

Fourth pleopods, inner ramus with 2 apical setae, outer ramus 
shorter, narrow, pointed, 1-jointed. 

Fifth pleopods, small, only one ramus (with apical setae ?). 

Uropods short, peduncle stout, setose around the bases of the 
rami which are elongate lanceolate, the inner longer than the 
outer. 

Length: 2mm.; breadth: -5 mm. 

Colour : Whitish. 

Locality: Sea Point, near Cape Town. 29/11/13. (K.H.B.) 1 ¢ 
(S.A.M. No. A2633.) . 

Though assigned to the genus Jaera this species is not in full 
accord with the definition of that genus or the figures of J. marina 
given by Sars. Firstly, the presence of a distinct scale on the third 
peduncular joint of the second antennae brings it into harmony with 
the great majority of the genera in the family; Jaera (as defined by 
Sars) and Jaeropsis being the only genera in which it is lacking. 

Secondly, the maxilliped resembles that of Jana, and differs 
completely from that of Jaera marina in having an angular outer ~ 
margin to the epipod. 

Thirdly, the first pleopods are quite peculiar, but as Tattersall (l.c.) 
has shown that this pair of pleopods differ very considerably in 
Jaera marina and Jaera nordmanni, two species otherwise very 
hard to separate, this feature has little importance in deciding on the 
systematic position of the present species. These pleopods approxi- 
mate somewhat to those of Janira, as do also the third pleopods. 

Fourthly, the elongate, parallel-sided body is rather different from 
the more oval shape of the typical species. 

However, the shape of the head, the peraeon segments without 
distinct epimera, the short first antennae and the uropods all 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 435 


make a near approach to Jazra, and for the present the species 
may remain in this genus. 


Gen. IAIS, Bovallius. 


1886. Jais, Bovallius, Bib. K. Svenska, Vet. Ak. Handl. vol. 2, 
No. 15, pp. 4, 50. 

1886. Jaera (part), Beddard, Challenger Rep. vol. 17, p. 19. 

1887. Iais (Janthe), Pfeffer, Krebse von Siid-Georgien, p. 18. 

1900. ,, Stebbing, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 548. 


Jats PUBESCENS (Dana). 
(Plate XX XVIT. C.) 
1853. Jaera pubescens, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. vol. 13, p. 744, pl. 49, 
figs. Ja-d. 


1900. Lars , Stebbiug, Le. p. 549, pl. 38(¢). (Synonymy.) 
1904. ,, se id. Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 2, pt. 5, p. 10. 
1909. _ ,, 3 Chilton, Subantarct. Is. New Zealand, Crust. 


vol. 2, p. 649. 


It appears that the male has so far escaped observation. It does 
not differ essentially from the female except as regards the mandibles. 
These have the incisive process very much prolonged, gently curved 
and tapering gradually to a subacute, entire apex, with a strong 
seta about half-way along the inner margin, spine-row with 4 spines, 
molar similar to that of @ but rather weaker, palp as in ?, arising 
from a short process. 

The lobes of the lower lip are short, almost semicircular, the 
inner margin straight, the apical angles being internal therefore and 
not external as in Stebbing’s figure. 

First pleopods fused basally, not diverging distally, the outer 
margins sinuous, rami well developed, oblong with rounded apices, 
sparsely setulose. 

Second pleopod with peduncle longer than broad, apex subacute, 
outer ramus arising some little distance from apex, male stylet 
extending as far as, not beyond, the apex of peduncle. 

Third pleopod similar in both sexes, inner ramus stout, suture 
between the 2 joints oblique, 2nd joint apically truncate, with 2-4 
denticles, outer ramus half width of inner, curving inwards, apex 
pointed, margins setulose, an obscure suture dividing off the 
distal third, 

Length : 2°5 mm. 


436 Annals of the South African Musewmn. 


Colour : White or pale pinkish, the ova salmon-coloured. 

Locality : Several localities near Cape Town in Table Bay both 
free-living on the underside of stones and commensal with the 
following Sphaeromids: Hxosphaeroma gigas, HE. kraussi, H. brev- 
telson, E. varicolor, E. planum, Parisocladus stimpsoni, P. perforatus, 
Sphaeramene polytylotos, Dynamenella scabricula, D. kraussi 
(K.H.B.); Saldanha Bay on Hazosphaeroma krausst (K.H.B.); 
St. James and Buffels Bay in False Bay on Dynamenella scabricula, 
D. kraussi (K.H.B.). 

Tristan d’Acunha on Isocladus tristensis. (P.C. Keytel. 1909.) 

Geogr. Distribution : Terra del Fuego (Dana), Straits of Magellan 
(Bovallius), Kerguelen (Smith and Beddard), Falkland Islands 
(Stebbing), South Georgia (Pfeffer), in each case on Hxosphaeroma 
gigas ; Tasmania (G. M. Thomson), on ? Sphaeroma quoyana; New 
Zealand (Chilton) free and on ? Sphaeroma obtusa ; Ceylon (Stebbing), 
in the burrows of Sphaeroma terebrans. 

When found on Sphaeromids, they are among the bases of the 
peraeopods, though on Sphaeramene polytylotos they seem to prefer 
to live among the pleopods. As a rule there is only one adult ¢ 
and one @, with or without one or two immature ones, on each 
“host.” On Dynamenella scabricula in Table Bay, however, I have 
found them extremely abundant, as many as 12 or 15 being taken 
from a single large g. They are found more frequently on ¢ 
Sphaeromids than ?, and it is rare to find any on young specimens. 


Gen. JANIRA, Leach. 
For references see: Barnard, Ann. §.A.M. x. pt. 7, p. 219, 1914. 


JANIRA EXSTANS, 0. sp. 


(Plate XX XVIII. B.) 


Body apparently smooth and glabrous, but much overgrown with 
foreign substances. Head with antero-lateral angles well marked, 
anterior margin strongly produced into a broad rounded process, 
length of head (incl. process) equal to width, eyes on the lateral 
margins, prominent. 

Peraeon in ¢g with Ist segment nearly twice as long as any of 
the succeeding ones, in @ equal to or a little shorter than the 
others, the last three segments distinctly shorter than the anterior 
ones, lateral margins rounded, epimera indistinct. 

Pleon broadly oval, longer than broad, margins entire. 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa, 437 


First antenna reaching to end of 4th peduncular joint of 2nd 
antenna, Ist joint stout, 2nd a little longer, flagellum longer than 
peduncle, 4-jointed, 3rd joint longest, 4th minute. 

Second antenna, 3rd joint without scale, 5th and 6th subequal, 
longer than first 4 joints together, flagellum nearly twice as long as 
peduncle, ca. 38-jointed in J, ca. 24 in @. 

Upper lip short, as broad as long, apex rounded. 

Lower lip with short, broad lobes, inner apex strongly setose. 

Mandibles, cutting-edge 4-dentate, secondary cutting-edge in left 
4-dentate, spine-row with 5 spines, molar fairly prominent, palp 
with 3rd joint shorter than 2nd, with apical seta, no marginal setae 
on 2nd or 3rd joints. 

First maxilla, outer platexwith ca. 10 (?) spines, inner plate with 
5 setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates with 4 spines each. 

Maxilliped, inner plate nearly as long as 2nd joint, 2 coupling- 
hooks near base, 4th and 5th joints not expanded, epipod reaching 
end of 4th joint, narrow lanceolate, outer margin slightly angular, 
apex acute tapering. 

First peraeopod in 3 stout, subchelate, 2nd and 3rd joints sub- 
equal, inner surface of 3rd joint with 7 transverse rugae on inner 
margin, 4th joint with 1 stout spine on outer apex, 5th joint tri- 
angular, distally produced on inner side, with 1 stout spine on 
inner apical angle and another further along distal margin, 6th joint 
curved, inner margin distally serrulate, 7th joint half as long as 
6th, biunguiculate. In ? prehensile but scarcely stouter than the 
other paraeopods, 3rd joint without rugae, 5th joint with 1 long 
spine on inner apical angle, inner margin of 6th joint not serrulate. 

Second to seventh peraeopods similar, the posterior ones longer 
and rather more slender than anterior ones, 2nd and 3rd joints sub- 
equal, 4th with 2 spines on outer apex, 5th and 6th subequal and 
equal to the 2nd and 3rd, inner margin of 6th with 4 spinesin 3, 
3 in ?, 7th joint biunguiculate. 

First pleopod g, peduncle narrowing rather rapidly, apex not 
expanded, but outer angle with 1 spine, ramus rounded truncate, 
setose. 

First pleopod 2 (operculum) rather pear-shaped, as broad as 
long, tapering to a broadly rounded apex, with a few scattered 
setae. 

Second pleopod 3 narrow, outer margin nearly straight, apex 
subacute, setose, ramus at some distance from apex, very small, 
male stylet stout, reaching to apex. 

33 


438 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Third pleopod inner lobe broad, apex rounded with 2 setae, outer 
lobe 2-jointed, a little longer than inner. 

Uropods three-quarters length of pleon, inner ramus longer than 
outer, both longer than peduncle, with strong apical setae. 

Length: £ 2°6 mms) eo Me 7o mm. ; “breadth= “3 - To mm, 9 
(ovigerous) ‘75 mm. 

Colour: Pale grey, eyes reddish, ova salmon-coloured. 

Locality: Buffels Bay (False Bay). 28/9/18. (K.H.B.) ¢ g and 
? 2 with ova, under stones at low-tide; Sea Point, near Cape 
Town. 14/12/13. (K.H.B.) 1 2 with ova; Hout Bay. 11/2/14. 
(K.H.B.) ¢ ¢ and 9 2 with ova. (S.A.M. Nos. A2546, A2658 and 
A2674.) 

In respect to thestout, subchelate Ist peraeopods this species may 
be compared with three other species of small size: J. minuta, 
Richardson, 1902, J. nana, Stebbing, 1905, and J. crosslandi, Steb- 
bing, 1910. The absence of a scale on the 3rd joint of the 2nd 
antennae, however, is distinctive and brings the species into conflict 
with the definition of the genus Jamra. The shape of the head 
also is peculiar and recalls that of Nannoniscus, Sars, and Austro- 
nanus, Hodgson, 1910. It is in allusion to these last two features 
that the specific name is chosen. 


Faminry MUNNIDAE. 


1882. Munnidae, Sars, Vidensk. Forhl. Christ. No. 18. p. 17. 
1897. a G. O. Sars, Crust. Norw. vol. 2, p. 105. 
1905. - Richardson, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 54, p. 479. 


an, 


KUPHOMUNNA, n. gen. 


Resembling Munna in general shape, but head produced anteriorly 
into a rostrum, lst peraeon segment much larger than any of the 
others, gibbous, epimera visible on posterior segments only, uropods 
not very small, composed of a peduncle and two rami, palp of 
maxilliped slender, 

Generic name from kv@oc, hunch-backed, and Munna, in allusion 
to the enlarged 1st peraeon segment. 


KUPHOMUNNA ROSTRATA, D. Sp. 
(Plate XXXVITI. C.) 
Body apparently glabrous, but much overgrown with Diatoms, ete. 
Head with anterior margin sinuate, produced below the anterior 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 439 


margin into a long and broad rostrum, with 4-5 teeth on lateral 
margins and a bluntly rounded apex, eyes well developed on the 
lateral projections. 

Peraeon with 1st segment very large, swollen and gibbous, as long 
as the 3 following segments together, segments 2-4 equal in length, 
lateral margins subquadrate, with 1 spine on antero-lateral angle, 
segments 5-7 equal and a little longer than the anterior segments, 
diminishing gradually in width, lateral margins rounded, with 1 spine 
on antero-lateral angles. Epimera visible only on segments 5-7, 
with 1 spine. 

Pleon of one piece, oval, margins entire. 

First antenna, peduncle stout, 2nd joint half length of Ist, 
flagellum 3-jointed. 

Second antenna, first 3 peduncular joints stout, short, 4th and 5th 
elongate, subequal, flagellum nearly as long as peduncle, 15-jointed. 

Upper lip with rounded, setose distal margin. 

Lower lip, lobes rather short, ovate, outer margin distally setose, 
inner margin distally emarginate, apex subacute. 

Mandibles narrow, cutting-edge tridentate, secondary cutting-edge 
on left tridentate, absent on right, spine-row with 5 spines in both 
mandibles, molar prominent, no trace of a palp. 

First maxilla outer plate with 7 spines, some denticulate on outer 
margin, inner plate with 4 setae. 

Second maxilla, outer and middle plates each with 4 spines. 

Maxilliped, 2nd joint increasing in width distally and passing into 
inner plate without distinct suture, outer margin of inner plate 
oblique, setose near apex, 2 coupling-hooks at base, 3rd joint short, 
4th and 5th joints subequal, 6th a little longer and 7th a little 
shorter, epipod reaching to about middle of 4th joint. 

First peraeopod, 2nd joint longest, 3rd with 3 spines on outer 
apex, 4th strongly produced externally, with 2 spines on subacute 
apex, dth triangular, outer margin spinose, distal margin with 
7 stout blunt spines, each with a cilium near apex, 6th oval, 
palm with 3 spines, 7th slender as long as 6th, with a single 
slender unguis, 

Second to seventh peraeopods similar to one another except that 
2nd is a little stouter and has 5th joint elongate-oval instead of 
oblong; 6th joint longest, 7th short, with 2 ungues. 

First pleopod g, peduncle tapering, apices curved outwards, 
acute, a group of fine setae half-way along outer margin, ramus 
obscurely separated from peduncle, with 2 spines. 

Second pleopod ¢, peduncle elongate-lanceolate, apex acute, outer 


440 Annals of the South African Museum. 


ramus inserted a little beyond the middle of inner margin and a long 
way from apex, male stylet reaching to end of peduncle. 

Third pleopod, outer ramus apparently single-jointed, apex acute, 
inner ramus with blunt apex (without setae ?). 

Fourth pleopod, outer ramus single-jointed, apex acute, inner 
ramus with 3 strongly plumose setae on apex. 

Fifth pleopod with 1 branch only (apparently). 

Uropods well developed, peduncle longer than rami, of which the 
inner is longer than the outer. 

Length ; 2mm.; breadth : 1 mm. 

Colour: Whitish, head and 1st peraeon segment grey, the latter 
with darker mottling, rostrum with a tinge of red. 

Locality: Buffels Bay (False Bay). 28/9/13. (K.H.B.) 1¢. 
Low-tide. (S.A.M. No. A2543.) 


(441 ) 


[N.B.—Pages 325 to 358 having been unfortunately duplicated, the second 
appearance of these thirty-four pages (only) is indicated by an “a” after each page 
number. Pages 325-358 appeared in Part X.; 325a-358a are in this Part, XI.] 


INDEX. 
A D 
PAGE PAGE 
acanthiger (Cymodoce)............... 391 deltoides (Apseudes) ............+00++ 327a 
PAH See goagonandebs ons sasbO0uSC spp BEOCNGHOC 361 dioxus (Dynamenella) .............+. 419 
/:NKEMUDYVAMD) Aeqococodsds FOOD eee 361 dubia (Apanthura)............ . -..++ 342a 
africana (Apanthura) .......... ..... 840a@ | Dynamenella ...............066 12 sees 410 
africana (Corallana) .. ............+6 858a | Dymoides)  o..cse...cee-enseeecencaesmer 407 
africana (Cymodoce).................. 389 
africana (Gnathia) ......... . ....-- 333a E 
ATL CERONEDAE) Sanccusccsocesceerte 357a estuaria (Cyathura) RE AO Sa em 334a 
amplifrons (Cymodoce) ............ 387 Eubranchiatae(SPHAEROMIDAE)410 
annectens (Tanais) ............0000+ BOLA || Hurydiceccss.c.ansaet atesicseerrer ee: 350a 
Amthelura, eesscseen aeeeenes eens 338) || MURVDICIDAR) seen oD OG 
/ Natit al p02) aagnnanoaeqvos>ec8 sen ccaccododace Bese) || Tabematdmineth cagnonsdsooansnden Seonaouoone 336a 
AINA U SHO PEA NDAD) Soocanponoupocbaanass0od 3840 | Hxospha@eroma. ¢...2....0.00cesmnecwne- 374 
APANtHULA, scsescieassoeessee/-ereecaccet 3400, | exetans (Samira) sscsccocsessreren se: 436 
JST NSEC IES) paocepopaonodebocqoban6cbondootad 327a 
J MEST LO DIBDYNION cacageocooageeeqddes.08e 327a F 
ARCTURIDAE....eeeeectece cerns 430 | faleata (Cymodoce) ........2::.:00085 393 
ASDA CHET TDA ene. ceeersescesses ccs 430 | taurei (Iheptamthura) | ceasceeeees 345a 
australis (Dynamenella) ............ 414 | fucicola (Paridotea) .........4++10 427 
avicularia (Apseudes) ..............- 329a 
G 
B gigas (Exosphaeroma) ...........+++- 374 
(GaP RA OWE coopoc nop noo bbcanapeedosgouwesoos 333a 
bicolor (Dynamenella) ............... 414 | GNATHIIDAE ...........seeeeeeeeees 333a 
brevitelson (Hxosphaeroma) ...... Sith gracilipes (Aega) .........26e.e2-eeee 362 
granulosa (Rocinela)............-..++5 369 
C 
° . G H 
capensis (Lanocira) .............6.. 359 Hemibranchiatae (SPHAEROM- 
catenula (Mesanthura) ............... 343a TDAH) eae eee 374 
(GHIGENEHR coapseodocoosocoddbuc ceabascuose 396 
(fio Gapendocostooeanoonassoooddans6N6 351a il 
comans (Cymodoce) .................- 391 Bis RPC ret Beer tre OE oe ene 433 
Coralllanacenrecetece esses screcrisaccee B08G:. |) Taig oko ee ee 435 
CORALLANIDAE ................. 35a) Idarcturusiesesee-eereretreseceeeen: 430 
Ciyahluraisaesmenemensecemeurciepuisse tees 334a | TDOTHID AW eesacsceecteeseen sees 424 
@ymodoceeasnceneccesnssse eee ereeere 386 inornata (Cymodoce) — ...........406- 396 
Cymodocelllaiacecceccecsertess sacscees 421 I Onaie Paseceeecmeerecer eects 372 
(CHA OMIUIEIOODVNID), G55 205 acnseac0neoses 371 Tsocladusisi-ccccusceceveeeence secs eness 384 


442 Index. 
J PAGE 
paGE | platysoma (Idarcturus) ............... 430 
J ROL ATR eencsmcneae sept sce teetec eens 433 polytylotos (Sphaeramene) ......... 405 
PATH LDV | Goncanooosasceesoaadscened 433 Pontogeloidesis-ssssseteceneeeereenete 355a 
SOCTIUING 2. crxascideh Aedease Renee aeeee 433 porrectum (Hxosphaeroma) ......... 382 
JANIE) ccs corsage ttaeee eee eee eee 436 | pubescens (Iais) ............... 435 
Dante va aeeascansoreneteeses- cen saatee 435 punctata (Paranthura) ............... 348a 
Jurinit (Sphaeroma) ........6...606 374 pustulata (Cymodocella) ............ 423 
s R 
oe CD geese tS aces » S15" | remipes (Anthelura) ..........2....00 338a 
raussi (Exosphaeroma) ............ 375 : i 
upbormennat ees 438 reticulata (Paridotea) Saale npetoseeee 424 
rhabdota (Nerocila) ................0 371 
ROCINE] Bi ease ete ce ee Loe sceeeenteneeret . 3868 
I, rostrata (Kuphomunna) ............ 438 
IBPHAVYON ED) cosenoseuden den conaccodogeonbobec 359 mupran(Paridoten)\y ....2-cessemeseoess 426 
latipes (Pontogeloides) .............. 356a 
latreillei (Cilicaea) .................. 396 R 
Te ptawtlhuraecsstecersscees seeceecreenere 3450 | 
longicornis (Eurydice) ............... 350a | scabricula (Dynamenella)  ......... 411 
scabriculum (Sphaeroma) .........+6 411 
M Serratia (Sera) cscceseeeeeeen se rcs 433 
| serratisinus (Dynoides)............... 408 
macrocephala (Dynamenella) ...... 418 setulosa (Cymodoce) ...............06 389 
macrura (Hxanthura) ......... ..... 337d simplex (Cirolana venusticauda 
magellanensis (Isocladus)  ......... 384 VED) chase ale 354a 
melanosticta (Irona) .................. 373 Sphaeramene .............-0.---- 405 
Mesanthurancsescesaesssescrecceascces 3434 | SPHAERROMIDAE .............c00e: 374 
vankoyanllUys} (UNF) Garicnobaosopecoatasae coc 365 stimpsoni (Parisocladus) ...... 399 
monophthalma (Aega) ............... 862 | sublevis (Cymodocella) ..........406+. 422 
mossambicus (Paracilicaea)......... 397 
MUNNUIDAR, i. aectececcssedscmsseeece ss 438 
AU 
N AWUNYMODYNIO) Goceon  caooaocaaeooqunenG 331a 
: PAM AISI ecesetseeseeecs jane ceopraer aaceevaee 331la 
Nec p et ee ene sa |) triebiura (Nerocila) .2i:...--) jesse 372 
tristense (Sphaeroma)  ........0.0e00+ 375 
O tristensis (Isocladus) ............... 384 
orientalis (Rocinela) ............-...++ 368 
ovalis (Dynamenella)............ 418 U 
| umbonata (Cymodoce) .............4 395 
P | undulata (Cirolana) ..........0...0+ 3530 
Paracilicaea s..uscrec.ocuereesseseecces 397 | unguiculata (Cymodoce) ............ 394 
Paranthuray eee csesceeeeeeecease sent 347a | urotoma, (Aega) ... . ......0:ccceeeseee 367 
Paridobeay .c.iscsassssseesesmeeecaee a. 424 
Parisocladusgoscsstsesscesse sree 398 | ¥ 
parva (Cinolana) tenses coccsascscerel 353a | 
perforata (Sphaeroma) ............ -. AQ2 | -validai(Cymodoce))\ cascecsesesecseaee 388 
perforatus (Parisocladus) ............ 402 | varicolor (Exosphaeroma) ......... 379 
planum (Exosphaeroma) ............ 380) J vicina; (Cirolama))eccssoseeacaneccees 351la 


= 


a 


- 


Puate XXVII. A. 
Apseudes avicularia, n. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 13 times, with 
6th pleon segment and telson further enlarged. 

a.;, a... First and second antennae. 

prp.:- (gn.). First peraeopod with apices of 6th and 7th joints further enlarged. 

prp.2. Second peraeopod. 


Pratt XXVII. B. 
Apseudes deltoides, n. sp. 


rostr. Anterior margin of head with rostrum and bases of Ist and 2nd antennae. 
a.;, a... First and second antennae. 

mand. r. Right mandible with spine-row further enlarged. 

mand. 1. Cutting-edge, secondary cutting-edge, and spine-row of left mandible. 
prp.. (gn) First peraeopod. 

prp.2, prp.;. Second and third peraeopods. 

tels. + urop. Sixth pleon segment, telson and uropods. 


PratE XXVIII. C. 
Tanais annectens, n. sp. 


a.;, a... First and second antennae. 

l.s. Upper lip. 

li. Lower lip. 

mxp. ep. Maxilliped with epipod. 

prp.; (gn.). Sixth and seventh joints of Ist peraeopod. 


Prats XXVII. D. 
Cyathura estuarius, n. sp. 


&.z, a... First and second antennae with flagellum of 2nd further enlarged. 
mand. Mandible with cutting-plate further enlarged. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.;, prp.». First and second peraeopods. 

tels. + urop. Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods. 


Ann. S$. Afr.Mus.Vol.X. 


Plate XXVII. 


| 


mand. 
K.H.B.del. 


West, Newman lith. 
A.APSBUDES AVICULARIA z.sp. B. APSEUDES DELTOIDES wz. sp. 
C. TANAIS ANNECTENS ww. sp. D. CYATHURA ESTUARIUS z.sp. 


Puate XXVIII. A. 
Exanthura macrura, n. g. et sp. 


a.;, a... First and second antennae. 

mand. Mandible with cutting-plate further enlarged. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.:- First peraeopod. 

tels. + urop. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson, and inner and outer rami 
of uropods. 


Puate XXVIII. B. 


Anthelura remipes, n. sp. 


Q.2, a... First and second antennae with flagellum of each further enlarged. 
mand. Mandible with cutting-plate further enlarged. 

mxp. Maxilliped with 5th and 6th (?) joints further enlarged. 

prp.,. First peraeopod with inner margin of 5th joint further enlarged. 
prp.2. Second peraeopod. 

tels. + urop. ‘Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods. 


Pruate XXVIII. C. 
Apanthura africana, n. sp. 


a.;, 4.2. First and second antennae. 
mand. Mandible with cutting-plate further enlarged. 


mxp. Maxilliped. 
prp.;, prp... First and second peraeopods with inner margin of 6th joint of 2nd 


further enlarged. 
tels.+ urop. Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods. 


Puate XXVIII. D. 


Apanthura dubia, n. sp. 


a., First antennae. 

prp., Fifth, sixth, and seventh joints of 1st peraeopod. 
prp.,;. Sixth and seventh joints of 7th peraeopod. 

tels. Telson. 

urop. Outer ramus of uropod. 


Ann .S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X. Plate XXVIII. 


prpl 
K.H.B.del. 


West, Newman lith. 


A. EXANTHURA MACRURA 729. e6 sp. B.ANTHELURA REMIPES 7. sp. 
C. APANTHURA AFRICANA z. sp. D. APANTHURA DUBIA zx sp. 


PuatE XXIX. A. 
Mesanthura catenula (Stimpson), n. g. 


a..¢. First antenna of 3. 

a..¢. Flagellum of 2nd antenna of ¢ . 

a..?,4.92. First and second antennae of ?. 

mand. 1. Left mandible. 

mand. r. Right mandible with cutting-plate further enlarged. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.:, prp.2, prp.,, First, second and seventh peraeopods, with inner margin of 
6th joint of 2nd further enlarged. 

tels.+ urop. Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods. 


PrateE XXIX. B. 
Leptanthura faurei, 0. sp. 


a.¢,a..¢. First and second antennae of ¢. 

a.,?,a.¢. First and second antennae of ?. 

mand. Mandible with seta from apex of palp further enlarged. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp..¢. First peraeopod of ¢ with inner margins of 5th, 6th and 7th joints and 
a spine from inner margin of 5th and 6th joints further enlarged. 

prp.,. Fourth peraeopod with spine from inner margin of 6th joint further 
enlarged. 

tels. + urop. Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods. 


Pratt XXIX. C. 
Paranthura punctata (Stimpson). 


a.;, a... First and second antennae. 

mand. Mandible. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.;, prp.,. First and seventh peraeopods. 

prp.2. Fourth-seventh joints of 2nd peraeopod. 

tels.+ urop. Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods. 


Ann.S. Afr. Mus. Vol.X. Plate XXIX. 


K.H.B. del. West,Newman lith. 
A.MESANTHURA CATENULA (Stimpson) n.g. 


B. LE PTANTHURA FAUREI z.sp. C.PARANTHURA PUNCTATA (Stimpson ) 


ene 
7 i i. 5 
yi : 1 j ; 
' = aan 7 o 
; ish 7 i a 
. : 
a % 
% . ico T 1 
i ‘ - 


hy 


s ’ 


. “J . : 


r 


o 


163 


Puate XXX. A. 
Cirolana undulata, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods, with the apices of 
telson and both rami further enlarged. 


Prare XXX. B. 
Cirolana vicina, 0. sp. 


prp.2, prp-;, Second and seventh peraeopods. 
tels. + urop. Telson with inner and outer rami of uropods. 
urop. Inner and outer rami of uropod with apex of inner ramus further magnified. 


Pratt XXX. C. 
Pontogeloides latipes, n. g. et sp. 


hd. + a.;, a... Head and Ist peraeon segment, with 1st and 2nd antennae. 
fl.-+ep. Frontal lamina, epistome and upper lip. 

mand. Mandible. 

mxp. Maxilliped with seta from inner plate further enlarged. 

prp.:, prp-,, First and seventh peraeopods. 

plp... Second pleopod of 3. 

tels.+ urop. Telson and uropods with apical margin of telson further enlarged. 
urop. Right uropod. 


Prats XXX. D. 


Corallana africana, n. sp. 


1.i. Lower lip. 

mand. Mandible. 

mx., First maxilla. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.,. First peraeopod with 4th and 5th joints further enlarged. 

prp.;. Seventh peraeopod with setae from 5th and 6th joints further enlarged. 
tels.+ urop. Fifth pleon segment, telson and inner and outer rami of uropods, 


Ann. S.Afr. Mus. Vol.X. Piaiie XOOe 


f_ ee ee ee 


prp 7 


tee mand 
K.H.B.del. West,Newman lith. 


A.CIROLANA UNDULATA z.sp. B. CIROLANA VICINA 7.sp. 
C. PONTOGELOIDES LATIPES z.g.e¢sp. D. CORALLANA AFRICANA 7. sp. 


® ay 
—— y 
- _ 
= 
r = 
= f 
7Y 
- + | 
- 
r 
* 
4 
? 7 
- ” 
7 
es 
i = 7 
t 
4] 


PuatE XXXI. A. 
Lanocira capensis, n. sp. 


mand.1. Left mandible with molar further enlarged. 

mand. r. Apex of right mandible with secondary cutting-edge and molar further 
enlarged. 

mx.,,mx.,. First and second maxillae. 

mxp. Maxilliped of ¢ with setae from inner plate and epipod further enlarged. 

prp:. Third-seventh joints of 1st peraeopod. 

prp.. Third-seventh joints of 2nd peraeopod. 

plp.,. Second pleopod ¢ with apical seta from ramus further enlarged. 


PuatE XXXI. B. 
Aega monophthalma, Johnston. 


a.;,.+f.1. Anterior portion of head with Ist and 2nd antennae and frontal 
lamina. 

mand. Mandible. 

mx.,;,mx.,. First and second maxillae with apex of 1st further enlarged. 

mxp. Maxilliped with 4th-7th joints further enlarged. 

prp.,. Second peraeopod. 


Pratt XXXI. C. 
Aega monilis, n. sp. 


mxp. Second-seventh joints of maxilliped with 4th-7th joints further enlarged. 
tels. Apical margin of telson. 

urop.;. Apical margin of inner ramus of uropod of East London specimen. 
urop... Apical margins of inner and outer ramus of uropod of Cape specimen. 


PuatE XXXI. D. 
Rocinela granulosa, n. sp. 


mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.2, prp.;- Second and seventh peraeopods, with inner margin of 6th joint of 
2nd further enlarged. 

tels.+ urop. Apices of telson and inner and outer rami of uropods, with the 
margins further enlarged. 


Kea. S Atm. Mus. Voli x. Plate 2OOUdy 


K.H.B. del. West, Newman lith. 
A. LANOCIRA CAPENSIS vz. Sp. B. AEGA MONOPHTHALUMA VJohmston. 
C AKGA MONILIS wz. Sp. D ROCINELA GRANULOSA 7. Sp. 


oT 


y 


a 


= 


Puate XXXII. A. 
Aega urotoma, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. Telson and uropods. 


Prate XXXII. B. 
Exosphaeroma brevitelson, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. ¢ ¢. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ¢ 
and ¢. 


ep. +1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


Prats XXXII. C. 
Exosphaeroma varicolor, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. ¢. Seventh paraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropod of ¢. 
ep. +l.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


PrateE XXXII. D. 
Exosphaeroma kraussi, Tattersall. 


tels. + urop. ¢. Sixth and seventh paraeon segments, pleon, telson and uropod 
of ¢. 


ep.+1s. Epistome and upper lip. 


Prats XXXII. E. 
Exosphaeroma porrectum, n. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 7 times. 
ep. + 1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


Prats XXXII. F. 
Exosphacroma planum, n. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 3 times. 
ep. +1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


Prats XXXII. G. 
Parisocladus stimpsoni (Heller), n. g. 


tels. + urop. ¢ ¢. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropod of ¢ and ¢. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of 7th peraeon segment, pleon and telson of ¢. 

tels. juv. Apex of telson of young ¢. 

ep. + ls. Epistome and upper lip. 

pen. ¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 


PuatE XXXII. H. 
Parisocladus perforatus (M. Edw.). 


n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified 5 times. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of 7th peraeon segment, pleon and telson of 3. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of pleon and telson of ?. 

tels. ?. Hind view of telson of ¢. 

ep. +ls. Epistome and upper lip. 

mand. 1l.mand.r. Left and right mandibles. 

pen. <¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 


PuatE XXXII. I. 
Cilicaea latreillei, Leach. 
n.s. Line representing natural size of 2 specimen drawn in profile magnified 
12 times, 
tels. + urop. Pleon, telson and uropods. 


Ann.S. Afr Mus. Vol.X. Piette xe 
A 
eo 


‘ 


tels +urop 


tels + urop 9 
tels + urop of : 


YUN fi 
Jat L 


iv 
i] 
tels o 
ep +l.s. 
i} 
! 
tels. 
jur. pen. , 
tels + urop. 
K.H.B. del. West, Newman lith. 
. AHGA UROTOMA =z. sp. B.EXOSPHAR ROMA BREVITHLSON vz. sp. 


. EXOSHAHEROMA VARICOLOR z.sp. D.HXOSPHARROMA KRAUSSI TJatters. 
. EXOSHABRROMA PORRECTUM zsp. F.BXOSPHAHROMA PLANUM 7z.sp. 
. PARISOCLADUS PERFORATUS (¥% Fdw). G.PARISOCLADUS STIMPSONI (4éller) 7.9. 


I. CILICABA LATRHILLEI Leach. 


rmop 


Puate XXXIII. A. 
Sphaeramene polytylotos, n. g. et sp. 
n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified nearly 2 
times. 
tels. ¢. Apex of telson of ¢. 


ep.+1s. Epistome and upper lip, with proximal part of epistome drawn in 
profile. 


mand, Mandible. 
pen. <¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 


PuatE XXXIII. B. 
Isocladus tristensis (Leach). 
tels. + urop. ¢ ?. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ¢ 
and ¢. 


ep. +1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 
pen. <¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 


Puate XXXIII. C. 
Cymodoce valida (Stebbing). 


tels. + urop. ¢. Pleon, telson and uropods of ¢. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of pleon, telson and uropod of ¢. 
tels. + urop. ¢. Telson and uropods of ? with margin of telson further enlarged. 


li. ¢. Lower lip 

mand. ?. Mandible 

mx., ¢,mx., ?. First and second maxillae 
mxp. ¥. Maxilliped 


pen. <¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 


of modified ovigerous ¢?. 


PruateE XXXII. D. 
Cymodoce comans, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. ¢. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ¢. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of same. 


tels. + urop. 2. Telson and uropod of ¢ with inner and outer rami of uropod 
further enlarged. 


ep. +l.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


Prate XXXIII. HE. 
Cymodoce acanthiger, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. ¢. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ¢. 

lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of same. 

tels. + urop. ¢. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ¢, with 
apex of telson seen also in hind view. 


Puate XXXIII. F. 
Cymodoce africana, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. ¢. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ¢. 

lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of same. 

tels. + urop. ?. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ?, with 
apex of telson seen also in hind view. 

ep.+1.s. ¢, ¢. Epistome and upper lip of ¢ and ¢. 

pen. ¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 


Ann .S.Afr. Mus. Vol.X. Plate SOOUiL, 


tels +urop 
S 


pen tels+urop od 


— ie oo" 
eptls.9 


ep tls. o ae tal of 


West, Newman lith. 


K.H.B.del. 


A. SPHAERAMENE POLYTYLOTOS z2g.e¢sp. B. ISOCLADUS TRISTENSIS (Leach) 
D CYMODOGE COMANS z sp. 


C. CYMODOCE VALIDA (Stebbing). 
E. CYMODOCE ACANTHIGER 7.sp. F GYMODOCE AFRICANA z.sp. 


ms 
‘e 


a) 


os 


a 


a 
> 
= 
’ 
i 
“ 
Si 
: 
- 
7 
_ 
a 
i 
“ 
a og 


ay 
, 
7 al re 7 
a) 
a) = 
, 
a 
a 
Th . 
x 
° 
“aah 
cos 
— 
” u 
7 7 
i 
a 
-_ 
7 
- 


De 
-_ - 
a7 
at 
’ : 
: 
> 
Sr 
At 
. 
a] 
ae 
» 
7 * 
_ 
: 
= 
> 
a 
«&, 


on 


rr -e 
i] _ 
“a” 
- 
~ 
- 
O 
7 > > 
: - tas 
‘> Pay « 
‘te : 
; iy 
70 : 
mp - - im 
‘ 

: ae 

- ,64 - 

aA : a ; 

' 
> / 
= a = ‘ 
->> 7 
= os 
conuale 
: = te W 
i - = 


52 


Puate XXXIV. A. 
Cymodoce falcata, n. sp. 


tels.4+ urop. ¢. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods of ¢. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of same. 
pen. ¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 


Puate XXXIV. B. 
Cymodoce wnguiculata, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. ¢. Pleon, telson and uropods of ¢. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of same. 


tels. 4+ urop. ¢. Telson and uropod of ¢, with apex of telson seen also in hind 
view and outer ramus of uropod further enlarged. 


e. urop. ¢?. Variation in outer ramus of uropod of ¢. 
pen. ¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 
plp.2. Second pleopod of ¢ with apex of ¢ stylet further enlarged. 


PuatE XXXIV. C. 
Cymodoce umbonata, n. sp. 


tels.-+ urop. ¢. Pleon, telson and uropods of ¢. 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of same. 

tels. ¢ juv. Apex of telson of young ¢. 

tels.+ urop. ?. Pleon, telson and uropods of ?. 


PratEe XXXIV. D. 
Paracilicaea mossambicus, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. Pleon, telson and uropods. 
lat. tels. Lateral view of same. 
ep. +1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


Puate XXXIV. E. 
Dynamenella dioxus, n. sp 


n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified 6 times. 

lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of 7th peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropod of ¢. 
ep. +1s. Epistome and upper lip. 

mand. Mandible. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

plp.:, plp... First and second pleopods of ¢. 


Prats XXXIV. F. 
Dynoides serratisinus, n. g. et sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified 4? times. 


tels. + urop. Apices of telson and inner and outer rami of uropod further 
enlarged. 


mand. Mandible. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

pen. 3 appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 
plp... Second pleopod of ¢. 

plp.,, plp.;. Fourth and fifth pleopods. 


Amn. S.Afr Mus. Vol. X. Plate XXXIV. 


IN 
REI 


H}\ | 
 tels +urop 


i 
tels + urop 


rt >" 


West,Newman lith. 


A. CYMODOCE FALCATA zx.sp. B. CYMODOCE UNGUICULATA x. sp. 
C. GYMODOCE UMBONATA 2.sp. D. PARACILICAEA MOSSAMBICUS zsp. 
E. DYNAMENELLA DIOXUS z.sp. F. DYNOIDES SERRATISINUS 7.7. et sp. 


PrateE XXXYV. A. 
Dynamenella scabricula (Heller). 


n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified 24 times, 
lat. tels. ¢. Lateral view of 7th peraeon segment, pleon and telson of ¢. 
a, First antenna. 

ep. + 1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 

li. Lower lip. 

mand. Mandible. 

mx.;. First maxilla with apex of outer plate further enlarged. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.: First peraeopod with 7th joint further enlarged. 

prp.6«. Second and third joints of 6th peraeopod. 

pen. ¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 

plp.;-, plp... First pleopod and outer ramus of 5th pleopod. 

plp.,. Second pleopod of ¢. 


PuatE XXXV. B. 
Dynamenella kraussi, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. Third-seventh peraeon segments, pleon, telson and uropods, with 
apex of telson seen also in hind view. 


a., First antenna. 
ep. +1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


mand. r. Right mandible, with apex further enlarged, the secondary cutting-edge 
still more so. 


mand. 1. Secondary cutting-edge and spine-row of left mandible. 
prp.,. First peraeopod with 7th joint further enlarged. 

pen. 4¢ appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 

plp.;. First pleopod. 

plp... Second pleopod of ¢. 


Puate XXXV. C. 
Dynamenella macrocephala (Krauss). 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 33 times. 
lat. Lateral view of specimen. 


PrateE XXXY. D. 
Dynamenella ovalis, n. sp. 
n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 4 times. 
ep. + l.s. Epistome and upper lip. 
PuatE XXXYV. E. 
Dynamenella australis, Richardson. 


ep. + ls. Epistome and upper lip. 


Ann.S. Afr Mus. Vol.X. Plate XXXV. 


nu 
1 
1 
1 
1 
f 


K.H.B.del. West, Newman lith. 

A.DYNAMENELLA SCABRICULA (feller). B. DYNAMENBLLA KRAUSSI z sp. 

C.DYNAMENELLA MACROCEPHALA (Arauss). D. DYNAMENELLA OVALIS zsp. 
E.DYNAMENELLA AUSTRALIS Acchardson. 


Prate XXXVI. A. 
Dynamenella bicolor, n. sp. 


tels. + urop. Sixth and seventh peraeon segments, pleon, telson and uropods. 
ep. + 1.s. Epistome and upper lip. 


PratE XXXVI. B. 
Cymodocella sublevis, n. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 8 times. 

lat. tels. Lateral view of pleon and telson. 

ep. + ls. Epistome and upper lip. 

li. Lower lip. 

mand. r. Right mandible. 

mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.:- First peraeopod with spine from inner margins of 4th—6th joints further 
enlarged. 

prp.2. prp.,. Second and seventh peraeopods. 

pen. ¢ Appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 

plp.:, plp.;, plp.,, plp.;. First and third-fifth pleopods. 

plp... Second pleopod of ¢. 


Pratt XXXVI. C. 
Cymodocella pustulata, n. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 53 times. 
lat. tels. Lateral view of 7th peraeon segment, pleon and telson, 

pen. ¢ Appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 

plp. 2. Second pleopod of ¢. 


PratE XXXVI. D. 


Paridotea reticulata, n. sp. 
tels.r. Telson. 
urop. r. Uropod. 
st.r. Seventh sternal plate. 


Paridotea ungulata (Pallas). 


tels. u. Telson. 
urop. u. Uropod. - For comparison with those of P. reticulata. 
st.u. Seventh sternal plate. ) 


Pratt XXXVI. E. 
Paridotea fucicola, n. sp. 
n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified 13 times, with 
apex of telson further enlarged. 
a.,. First antenna. 
l.s. Upper lip. 
mxp. Maxilliped. 
prp.:, prp.,. First and fourth peraeopods. 
pen. ¢ Appendages on 7th peraeon segment. 
plp.2. Second pleopod of ¢. 
urop. Uropod. 


oars. Ate. Mas: Vol. xX: Plate XXXVI. 


lat.tels. 


f= = — — — - — - ee. 


<o— 


pen | 


K.H.B. del. ee West, Newman lith. 
A. DYNAMENELLA BICOLOR z.sp. B. CYMODOCELLA SUBLEVIS 7. sp. 


C. CYMODOCELLA PUSTULATA zsp. D. PARIDOTHA RETICULATA 27.sp. 
& P. UNGULATA (fallas). PARIDOTHA FUGICOLA 7. sp. 


-—— : hd a el aie) tl es | 
adel ne | 
- : 
it 
e 
nq keg i. - te 
oa cv 
e 7 +4 
La 4° 
a ‘s 
i oe 
- fy 
; ~ 
mt 
~ ™% - 
| : 
1 7 r 
* : ° 7 
; 
ma) 
ft 
: ( 
; d 
a. 
" 
7 ‘ 


Puatt XXXVII. A. 
Paridotea rubra, n. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified 1} times. 
prp.:. Fifth, sixth and seventh joints of 1st peraeopod. 
urop. Distal portion of uropod. 


Prats XXXVII. B. 
Idarcturus platysoma, n.g. et. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of ¢ specimen drawn magnified 53 times. 
a., First antenna. 

li. Lower lip. 

mand. 1. Left mandible. 

mxp. @. Maxilliped of ?. 

prp.;, prp.;-. First and seventh peraeopods with 7th joint of 7th further enlarged. 


prp., ?. Fourth peraeopod of ¢ with marsupial plate, apex of 6th and 7th joints 
further enlarged. 


per. ¢ appendage on 7th peraeon segment. 
plp.;. First pleopod. 
plp... Second pleopod of ¢ with apex of ¢ stylet further enlarged. 
urop. Uropod. 
Pratt XXXVII. C. 


Iais pubescens (Dana). 
li. Lower lip of 3. 
mand, Mandible of ¢. 
mxp. Maxilliped of ¢. 
plp.:. First pleopod of ¢. 
plp... Second pleopod of ¢. 
operc. ?. Operculum of ?. 
Pratt XXXVII. D. 


Rocinela orientalis, Sch. & Mein. 


prp.2. Second peraeopod with inner margin of 6th joint further enlarged. 


Prats XXXVII. E. 
Gnathia africanus, Brnrd. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of ovigerous ¢ drawn magnified 94 times. 
on.;. + mars. pl. First gnathopod with marsupial plate of ?. 


Puate XXXVII. F. 
Cirolana venusticauda, Stebbing. 
Var. simplex, n. 


tels. + urop. Seventh peraeon segment, pleon, telson and uropods with apices of 
telson and inner and outer rami of uropods further magnified. 


Ann. S.Afr Mus.Vol.X. Plate SOC. 


oa 


[ Ne 


SSG OE 


K.H.B.del. West, Newman lith. 


A. PARIDOTEA RUBRA 7.sp. B. IDARCTURUS PLATYSOMA z.9. e¢ sp. 

Cc. JAIS PUBESCENS (Zana) D. ROCINELA ORIENTALIS Sch &Meen. 

E. GNATHIA AFRICANUS Zrard. F. CIROLANA VE NUSTICAUDA S%teéd. 
yar, SIMPLEX vz. 


i. 


4 
is 
‘ 
‘ of ( 
sa at 
, 
} 
7 
* 
=n . 
at 
= 
at 
= 
an = 
. a 
- 
. 
a 
# 


PuatE XXXVIII. A. 
Jaera serrata, n. sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 14 times. 
hd. + a.,, a... Head with lst and 2nd antennae and upper lip. 
mand. Mandible. 


mxp. Maxilliped. 
plp.:, plp.c, plp.;, plp.,, plp.;. First-fifth pleopods of ¢. 
tels. + urop. Telson and uropods with uropod further enlarged. 


PuatE XXXVIII. B. 
Janira exstans, Nn. sp. 


hd. + a.,, a... Head with 1st and 2nd antennae. 
mand. Mandible with cutting-edge further enlarged. 
mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.:d, prp..?. First peraeopod of ¢ and °. 
plp.:, plp.2. First and second pleopods of ¢ and ?. 
plp.;- Third pleopod. 

operc. ?. Operculum of ?¢?. 

tels. + urop. Telson and uropod. 


PuaTtE XXXVIII. C. 
Kuphomunna rostrata, n. g. et sp. 


n.s. Line representing natural size of specimen drawn magnified 20 times. 

l.s., li. Upper and lower lips. 

mand.1l. Left mandible. 

mand. r. Right mandible with cutting-edge further enlarged. 

mx.,,mx.,. First and second maxillae with spine from apex of 1st further enlarged. 
mxp. Maxilliped. 

prp.:. First peraeopod with spines from apex of 5th joint further enlarged. 

prp.;. Seventh peraeopod. 

plp.:, plp.., plp.;, plp.,, plp...  First-fifth pleopods of ¢. 


Ann. 5S. Afr. Mus.Vol.X. Plate XXXVII. 


‘ 
iN 
Fiqh 
ia 


telst+urop. | mand.r. 


opere & mand.!. 
K.H.B. del. West, Newman lith. 
A. JAAHRA SHRRATA v.sp. B. JANIRA EXSTANS vz.sp. 


C. KUPHOMUNNA ROSTRATA 7.9. et sp. 


( 448 ) 


17.— Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa.— 


By K. H. Barnarp, M.A., Assistant. 
4.—A New Species oF Nebalia. 


(Plate XX XIX.) 


No representatives of the Phyllocarida (or Leptostraca) have 
hitherto been recorded from South African waters; the following 
form is interesting therefore in that it fills a gap in the distribution 
of the group and also is distinct from any of the known species. 


TS79: 


1880. 
1887. 
1896: 


1850. 
1857. 
1896. 


1874. 
1879. 
1896. 
HENNE 


PHYLLOCARIDA. 


Phyllocarida, Packard, Amer. Natur. Feb., 1879, and 
A.M.N.H. (5), vol. 3, p. 459. 
Leptostraca, Claus. Grundziige d. Zool. ed. 3. 
Phyllocarida, G. O. Sars, Challenger Rep. vol. 19, pt. 56, p. 3. 
” id. Fauna Norvegiae, vol. 1, p. 4. 


Faminry NEBALIIDAE. 


Vebaliadae, Baird, Brit. Entomostr. Ray. Soe. p. 31. 
Nebaliidae, G. O. Sars, l.c. p. 6. 
Hila IG ORG) 


” 


Gren. NEBALIA, Leach. 


Nebalia, Leach, Zool. Mise. vol. 1, p. 99. 

G. M. Thomson, A.M.N.H. ser. 5, vol. 4, p. 418. 

7 GOh Sars, le. Psat 

Ohlin, Crust. Swed. Arct. Exp. Bih. Svenska Akad. 
vol. 26; 4, No: 12: 


444 Annals of the South African Museum. 


1904. Nebalia, Thiele, Wiss. Ergebn. D. Tiefsee. Exp. vol. 8, pt. 1, 


[On 3 
1905. if id. Deutsche Siidpolar Exp. vol. ix. (Zool. vol. 1, 
pt. L);apa Gil 


1909. 4, Chilton, Subantarctic Is, N. Zeal. vol. 2, p. 669. 


NEBALIA CAPENSIS, 0. Sp. 


Carapace oval, smooth, glabrous, without row of setae on hind 
margin. Rostrum linguiform, 2 times as long as broad, apex 
rounded without spiniform projection. Pleon with posterior margins 
of second to seventh segments dentate, the teeth not triangular but 
oblong with bluntly rounded apices, placed very closely and 
regularly, posterior margin on underside of fifth and sixth segments 
excavate on either side of a median pointed projection, postero- 
lateral angles of fourth segment acutely pointed, eighth segment 
with two triangular flaps below the uropods. 

First antenna: first joint shortest, second joint longest, fourth 
joint with two spines and three setae on outer apical angle, inner 
angle with a very long and stout seta extending beyond the antennal 
scale, which is bluntly rounded and strongly setose on outer and 
apical margins, flagellum equal in length to peduncle, 7-jointed ; 
the length is nearly the same in both sexes. 

Second antenna: in ¢ as long as entire animal, in 2 reaching to 
about base of 1st pleopods, first and second joints subequal, third 
and fourth coalesced, outer margin proximally with spines and longer 
setae, both inner and outer apices with plumose setae, flagellum as 
long as peduncle, 11-jointed, the first joint long and probably com- 
posed of several joints coalesced. 

Eyes as figured by Sars for N. bipes (Lec. pl. 2, fig. 4), perhaps a 
little broader, without prominence on upper margin, the pointed 
squamiform plate at the base a little smaller. 

Mandibles: the small prominence representing the cutting-edge is 
feebly bifid, without trace of the ‘“‘comb-like lamella’’ figured by 
Thiele for N. bipes var. valida (l.c. pl. 4, fig. 75). The molar portion 
has a series of finely fluted transverse lamellae. The palp has the 
joints gradually increasing in length, setae on third joint in two 
series, the distal one much shorter than the other. 

First maxilla: outer masticatory lobe larger, setae on its margin 
mostly bifid, palp long, setose. 

Second maxilla: masticatory lobes three, the middle one smaller 
than either of the other two, the small rounded projection at the 


Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 445 


base of the endopod with 4 plumose setae, endopod stout, slightly 
wider at distal end than at base consisting of only one joint, exopod 
shorter ending in a long spine. 

Peraeopods : endopod very obscurely segmented, apex recurved, 
with long plumose setae, scarcely reaching beyond margin of 
carapace ; endopod broad with median longitudinal rib, outer margin 
with a few setae; epipod well developed, apex subacute, outer 
margin emarginate. 

First pleopod: peduncle with a spine at each apical angle, and a 
seta on the inner margin near apex, another on outer margin near 
base ; endopod as long as peduncle, apex with one long spine, inner 
margin glabrous, outer margin setose ; exopod shorter and stouter, 
inner margin setose, outer margin with short serrate spine-setae, 
apex with 4, 2 long alternating with 2 short, stout spines ; 
retinaculum oblong. 

Second and third pleopods: peduncle with one spine on outer 
apex and a seta near base, inner margin with two groups of 2-4 
setae, one near base, the other near apex; endopod with both 
margins setose ; exopod with 6 pairs of spines on outer margin and 
3 spines at apex; scale between exopod and endopod lanceolate ; 
retinaculum with one margin expanded and serrate. 

Fourth pleopod: similar to second and third but outer apex of 
peduncle with a quadrate projection and no spine, inner margin with 
one seta near base. 

Fifth pleopod : basal joint short, second joint twice as long, inner 
margin setose, the truncate apex with ca. 6 spines and a few setules. 

Sixth pleopod: smaller than fifth, 1-jointed, 4 strong spines on 
outer distal margin and one small one on inner apex. 

Uropods: in $ equal to last two segments combined, in ? nearly 
half as long again as last pleon segment, regularly narrowed to 
subacute apex, inner margin with long plumose setae, outer margin 
spinose, apex with two long spines, the inner one being rather 
stouter than the outer. 

Length : 7 mm. from rostrum to end of uropods. 

Colour : Yellowish white, eyes dark red. 

Locality: Cape Town, sewage outlet, July, 1896. 2 2 ?, one 
with embryos. (Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist.) Sea Point, near Cape Town. 
15/11/13. 1g. 15 2 2 with ova and embryos. (K.H.B.) (S.A.M. 
Nos. A1574 and A2618.) 

This species is well distinguished from both the other species of 
the genus: N. bipes (Fabr.) with its several subspecies (Thiele) and 
N. longicornis, G. M. Thomson, by the character of the dentation on 


446 Annals of the South African Museum. 


the pleon segments, the number of spines on the fourth joint of the 
first antenna, the proportionately shorter uropods and the un- 
jointed endopod of the second maxilla. 

This last character is of generic value according to the table given 
by Thiele (lc. 1904, p. 24). In Paranebalia, Nebaliopsis and 
Nebailiella the endopod is unjointed, so that there is nothing very 
remarkable in a species of Nebalia also possessing this feature. In 
all other respects the present species cannot be separated from 
Nebalia. 


PuatE XXXIX. 


Nebalia capensis, n. sp. 
rost. Rostrum. 
oc. Hye. 
a.;, a... First and second antennae. 
mand. Mandible. 
mand. p. Palp of mandible. 
mx.,;, mx... First and second maxillae. 
prp.c. Sixth peraeopod. 
plp.,. First pleopod with retinaculum and a spine from exopod further enlarged. 
plp... Second pleopod with retinaculum further enlarged, 
plp.,. Peduncle of 4th pleopod. 
plp.., plp.c. Fifth and sixth pleopods. 
pl.,, ;. Median and lateral portions of 4th and 5th pleon segments. 
urop. Eighth pleon segment and uropods with seta from inner margin further 
enlarged (the setae omitted from the one uropod). 


Ann.S.Afr.Mus.Vol.X. Plate XXXIX. 


urop. 


K.H.B. del. West, Newman lith. 
NEBALIA CAPENSIS z.sp. 


18.—List of South African Tabanidae (Diptera) in the South 
African Museum, with Descriptions of New Species.— By 
Miss G. Ricarpo. 


PANGONINAE. 


Genus PANGONIA, Lair. 
Hist. Nat. d. Crust. et. d. Ins. iii. p. 437 (1802). 


PANGONIA HOTTENTOTA, 0. Sp. 


Tyee, female, and another female from Cape Colony (Bushman- 
land, Jackals Water, and Een Riet, R. M. Lightfoot). 

A species allied to Pangonia bifasciata, Wied. Abdomen yellowish 
with black median spots on the anterior half, the posterior half 
blackish with a grey band. Antennae and legs black. Wings tinged 
with brown, the first posterior cell closed. Length 15-164 mm., 
proboscis 8mm. face covered with greyish white tomentum and 
with yellowish or white pubescence, which is thickest and longest 
on the cheeks. Beard the same colour. Palpi black, pubescent, 
pointed. Proboscis black. Antennae black, the first two joints with 
a few hairs on their upper borders. Forehead wide, darker coloured 
than the face, with some scattered white and black hairs, width at 
vertex 1 mm. Eyes naked. Thorax dark olive green, covered with 
short ferruginous pubescence, anteriorly with some longer whitish 
hairs, a tuft of white hairs above wings; breast with a broad stripe 
of white hairs similar to the tuft. Scwtellwm covered with ferru- 
ginous pubescence. Abdomen reddish yellow, the first segment with 
a small black spot below the scutellum, the second with a large 
median spot, the third with a similar spot, a faint whitish tomentose 
band is apparent on the posterior border of the second segment, on 
the third segment at sides appears another black spot, the fourth 
segment reddish yellow with a grey tomentose posterior border, 
anteriorly it is largely black, last segments wholly black, the 
pubescence yellowish or white on the lighter parts and on grey band, 
elsewhere black : underside inflated, reddish yellow, reddish brown 
on the anterior borders of third and fourth segments, the grey band 


448 Annals of the South African Museum. 


distinctly marked on the fourth segment, apex black, pubescence 
largely white anteriorly, then black at apex. Jegs blackish, with 
long white hairs on the coxae and short white pubescence on femora. 
Wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown on fore border and 
several veins. Appendix present. 


PANGONIA BIFASCIATA, Wied. 
Dipt. Exot, i. p. 102 (1828). 

A female from Cape Colony (Table Mountain) and a male and 
female from Cape Peninsula. 

In these specimens the first posterior cell is not closed at or before 
the border of the wing, but is open, though very narrow, and very 
nearly closed on one wing. The male has no prolongation on the 
second joint of fore tarsi. 


PANGONIA ROSTRATA, Linn. 
Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 421 (1764). (Labanus.) 


Females from Cape Colony (Springbok, Namaqualand, and 
Cape Town). 


PANGONIA CoNJUNCTA, Walker. 
List Dipt. i. p. 1385 (1848). 
A female from Cape Colony (Kalk Bay). 


PANGONIA ATRICORNIS, Wied. 
Dipt. Exot. i. p. 58 (1821). 
Females from Cape Colony (Grootfontein, W. F. Purcell; Stellen- 
bosch, L. Péringuey ; Wyk’s Vley, E. G. Alston; Dumbrody, J. A. 
O’Neil, 1902; Kentani, H. P. Abernethy). 


PANGONIA ADJUNCTA, Walker. 
List Dipt. i. p. 185 (1848). 
Transvaal (Potchefstrom, T. Ayres). 


PANGONIA ANGULATA, Fabr. 
Syst. Antl. p. 91 (18085). 
Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Paarl, Caledon, Bushmanland. 


List of South African Tabanidae (Diptera). 449 


PANGONIA oLpir, Austen. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 215 (1908). 
Southern Rhodesia (Lomagundi, R. Jack). 


Sus-Genus CORIZONEURA, Rond. 
Archivio per la Zool., Modena iii, 85 (1863). 


CoRIZONEURA BRUNNIPENNIS, Loew. 
Dipt. Sid. Afrik. p. 18 (1860). (Pangonia.) 


Two females from Transvaal (Barberton, H. Edwards). 


CoRIZONEURA SPILOPTERA, Wied. 
Dipt. Exot. i. p. 57 (1821). (Pangonia.) 
Females from Cape Colony (Grootfontein, W. F. Purcell; Klip- 


fontein, Namaqualand, Aug., 1892; Giftberg, Van Rhynsdorp, 
Sept., 1912, R. M. Lightfoot). 


CoRIZONEURA AETHIOPICA, Thunberg. 
Nov. Act. R. Soc. ix. Sci. Upsala, p. 67 (1827) (Lanyglossa) ; see 
Austen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 345 (1908). 


Syn. Pangonia varicolor, Wied., and Pangonia appendiculata, 
Macq. 


Females from Cape Colony (Knysna, Graham’s Town, East 
London, Kentani); males and females from Durban, Natal, ete. 


CorIZONEURA LATERALIS, F'abr. 
Syst. Antl. 91 (Pangonza) 1805. 


One male from Cape Colony (Stellenbosch). 


CoRIZONEURA PALLIDIPENNIS, Ricardo. 
Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 110 (1900). 

A series of females from Transvaal (Barberton, H. Edwards, 
Noy., 1911); Natal (Durban), Cape Colony (Dunbrody, Rev. 
O'Neil, 1900; Seymour, L. Péringuey); Zululand (M’fongosi, W. E. 
Jones); and two males from Transvaal (Barberton, H. Edwards, 
Nov; 1911). 

The males are similar to the females. Palpi reddish yellow, the 
second joint conical, with black pubescence. Eyes do not 
actually join for more than half their length, barely that in one 


450 Annals of the South African Museum. 


specimen, the large facets occupy the upper part, reaching the apex 
of the frontal triangle and attaining the vertex. 


CoRIZONEURA ALBIFACIES, n. sp. 


Type (female) from Cape Colony (Hex River); and another female 
from Triangle (L. Péringuey). 

A small blackish species, with a short stout abdomen marked with 
grey tomentose bands. Antennae and palpi blackish, forehead very 
wide. Face covered with long white hairs. Legs red. Length 
13 mm., proboscis 5 mm. Jace covered with grey tomentum and 
with long white hairs, beard thick and white. Palpi small, the 
first as long as the second joint which is narrow and conical, 
reddish yellow in colour, dusky at tips, with some grey tomentum, 
pubescence white below, black at apices. Proboscis stout, pointing 
downward. Antennae black, the first two joints yellowish red, the 
first with two or three long yellow hairs on its upper borders, both 
with shorter black hairs. orehead quite a third the width of 
head, about 14 mm. wide at vertex where it becomes narrower, 
covered with a rather yellowish tomentum becoming duskier near 
ocelli, the pubescence very noticeable, consisting of white hairs 
anteriorly above and around the antennae, posteriorly of short erect 
black hairs, with white hairs on back of head and around eyes. 
Thorax black covered with thick fulvous tomentum and with pale 
fulvous pubescence, white tufts of hair are apparent above and 
below the root of wings, and a few white hairs are intermixed with 
the fulvous pubescence on dorsum. Scwtellwm same as thorax. 
Abdomen stout, convex above and below, the ground colour black, 
the first four segments with greyish white tomentose bands on 
their posterior borders, on the first narrow in centre becoming 
broad at the sides, leaving no black colour visible, but a reddish 
ground colour appears beneath it, the second band almost equal in 
width taking up more than the width of the segment, the third 
band narrower, inclined to be reddish in colour (owing to denuda- 
tion only), the fourth slightly broader than the third band, the fifth 
and sixth bands narrow, the last segment has no band, pubescence 
on dorsum not very noticeable, chiefly white on the pale bands and 
elsewhere black, underside similar, but the second segment is wholly 
covered with greyish white tomentum, the pubescence is thicker 
and almost wholly white and yellow. Legs pale reddish, duskier at 
apices, the pubescence black, white on the femora. Wzngs hyaline, 
the veins shaded pale brown, most noticeable on the transverse 


List of South African Tabanidae (Diptera). 451 


veins, yellowish on fore border; veins reddish, a short appendix 
present. In the second females, the thorax has five distinct fulvous 
narrow stripes, hardly noticeable in the type. 


CoRIZONEURA DISSIMILIS, n. Sp. 


Type (female) and two other females from Cape Colony (Van 
Wyk’s Vlei, E. G. Alston, 1890). 

A species nearly allied to Corizoneuwra albifacies n. sp. but at 
once distinguished by the blackish legs and absence of a whitish 
band on the third segment, the forehead is not so broad, and the 
long white hairs on face are absent. Length of type, 13 mm., 
others 104 mm. 

Face blackish, covered with greyish tomentum, with a few short 
silvery white hairs, intermingled with darker ones, becoming 
numerous on the cheeks. Beard white, scanty. Palpr black, the 
first joint longer than the second, which is small, swollen at base, 
ending in a short point. Proboscis 2 mm. long, pointing outwards. 
Antennae black, the first two joints with a few pale hairs. Forehead 
same colour as the face, the same width throughout, barely 14 mm. 
wide, the pubescence on forehead short and white. Thorax black, 
covered with short but dense white pubescence, which becomes 
slightly fulvous posteriorly, sides with fulvous pubescence. Scutellwm 
same as thorax. Abdomen not so stout and convex as thorax in 
Corizoneura albifacies n. sp., the colour not such a deep black, the 
first segment almost wholly covered by the whitish tomentose band, 
the second band not half as wide as the segment, the third segment 
with no band, the fourth segment with a narrow band, the next 
segment transparent yellow on its posterior border, and the last two 
segments largely yellow, pubescence on dorsum black, not noticeable, 
the bands with longer silvery white hairs; underside reddish with 
the grey bands reduced to a minimum, those on the second and 
fourth segments discernible. Legs blackish, the tibiae and knees 
dull reddish brown, pubescence on femora yellow, elsewhere black. 
Wings hyaline, very faintly tinged yellow, veins yellow, appendix 
present. 

Genus RHINOMYZA, Wied. 
Nova Dipt. Gen. 8 (1820). 
RHINOMYZA COSTATA, Loew. 

Dipt. Stid Atrik. i. p. 26 (1860). 

Three males from Cape Colony (Hex River, Clanwilliam, 
Dunbrody) ; one female (O’Okiep, E. Warden). 


452 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Male.—This species, described very briefly by Loew, is easily 
distinguished by its uniform black colour, hyaline wings and the 
palpi tipped with red. The antennae are Yabanus-like in shape, 
the third joint broad at its base and red in colour, situated on a 
tubercle formed by the subeallus. The face is concave in the 
centre, the cheeks swollen and covered with black hairs. Proboscis 
2mm. in length. Eyes hairy, ocelli and spines on hind tibiae are 
present. The species does not appear to have been noticed by 
any author since Loew described it, and though its appearance 
is totally unlike that of the typical species of Rhinomyza it does 
not appear to belong to any other genus as yet described. The 
female mentioned above has not been examined by me. 

The type, a male, came from the Cape of Good Hope. 


RHINOMYZA ZOULOUENSIS, nN. sp. 


Type (female) from Zululand (M’fongosi, W. E. Jones). A 
typical species of this genus, distinguished by the black markings 
on the first four abdominal segments forming four broken and 
irregular stripes. Antennae red with long upper branch of third 
joint. Abdomen and legs yellowish. Wings brown at base with 
a brown band across wing. Length 15 mm., proboscis barely 
2 mm. 

Face shining, pale yellow-ochre colour, cheeks with some grey 
tomentum, very few hairs discernible on face. Beard composed 
of scanty yellowish hairs. Palpi long, more than half the length 
of proboscis, the first joint the colour of cheeks, the second reddish 
yellow with black short hairs, almost the same width throughout, 
more than twice as long as the first joint. Antennae reddish yellow, 
the first two joints paler, the third dusky at its apex, the long 
upper branch as long as the first division of joint. Morehead same 
colour as face, shining, a little narrower at vertex, nearly twice 
as long as it is broad anteriorly. Hyes bare, ocelli distinct on 
black triangle. Thorax dull yellowish with three mahogany-coloured 
stripes, some grey tomentum on dorsum and scattered short 
yellowish pubescence. Scutellum mahogany coloured, with a 
paler border. Abdomen pale yellow on the first two segments, then 
dull reddish brown, the black marks consist of four spots on the 
first segment, those at the sides taking up the whole width of 
segment, inclined inwards from their bases, the two in centre 
shorter, on the second segment the four spots are united at their 
bases by a narrow dark band, the two median ones large, irregular 
in shape, not quite reaching the anterior border of segment, the 


List of South African Tabamdae (Diptera). 453 


side ones much narrower, but nearly as long, on the third segment 
each lateral spot is united to the median spot near it, leaving a 
clear and round spot in the middle, the median spots leave a semi- 
circular yellow space in the middle which almost reaches the 
posterior border of segment, the fourth and fifth segments have 
a black lateral spot, and the sixth has the trace of a similar spot, 
dorsum of abdomen almost bare, some short black pubescence 
visible on the first two segments, and yellow on the posterior ones ; 
underside the same colour but no black markings are present. 
Legs pale yellow, the femora reddish, apical joints of tarsi reddish. 
Wings hyaline, yellow on foreborder, brown on the basal halves 
of the basal cells, brown in the extreme base of anal cell, in the 
apex of which is a paler brown spot, the dark band begins at the 
stigma and reaches across the apex of discal cell into the fifth 
posterior cell, the foreborder is still narrowly yellow above the 
stigma melting into a brown spot at the apex of wing; stigma 
and veins yellow. 


RHINOMYZA DENTICORNIS, Wied. 
Ausszweifl. Ins. i. p. 111 (1828). 


From many parts of South Africa. 


Genus CADICERA, Macq. 
Dipt. Exot. Suppl. v. p. 42 (1854). 


CsDICERA CHRYSOPILA, Macq. 
Hist. Nat. i. p. 194 (1834). (Pangonia.) 
[? Pangonia nobilis, Wied, Ausszweifl. Ins. ii. p. 662 (1830). See 
Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 56 (1908). ] 
A female from Cape Colony (Triangle, L. Péringuey); another 


female from an unknown locality. 
There is a female in the Brit. Mus. Coll. from Transvaal 


(Barberton). 
Judging from the descriptions, Macquart’s and Wiedemann’s 


species are probably identical. 


CADICERA CHRYSOSTIGMA, Wied. 


Ausszweifl. Ins. i. p. 100 (1828). 
34 


454 Annals of the South African Museum. 


CADICERA MELANOPYGA, Wied. 
Ausszweifl. Ins. i. p. 98 (1828). 


Cape Colony (Cape Town, Graham’s Town, Dordrecht); Orange 
River Colony (Smithfield). 


CADICERA RUBROMARGINATA, Macq. 
Dipt. Exot. Suppl. v. p. 43 (1854). 


Cape Colony (Knysna, Triangle); Transvaal (Potchefstroom, 
T. Ayres); Southern Rhodesia (R. Pillans). 


CADICERA QUINQUEMACULATA, Austen. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 209 (1908) 
Cape Colony (East London). 


Grnus SILVIUS, Meig. 
Syst. Beschr. iii. p. 27 (1820). 


SILVIUS DECIPIENS, Loew. 
Dipt. Siid. Afrik. p. 25 (1860). 


Two females from Southern Rhodesia (Mafungabusi Mts. and 
Bulawayo, R. Jack), 


Genus CHRYSOPS, Meig. 
Nouy. Class. 25-33 (1800). 


CHRYSOPS STIGMATICALIS, Loew. 
Dipt. Siid. Afrik. p. 29 (1860). 
From nearly all parts of South Africa. 


CHRYSOPS WELLMANNI, Austen. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xx. p. 512 (1907). 
N. Rhodesia (Chilanga, R. C. Wood). 


Genus ADERSIA, Austen. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p. 4 (1912). 


Inst of South African Tabanidae (Diptera). 455 


ADERSIA OESTROIDES, Karsch 
Berlin. Ent. Zeit. xxxi. p. 371. pt. iv. fig. 1 (1887). (S¢lvius.) 
A female from Cape Colony (Stellenbosch, L. Péringuey) ; a male 


and a female from Mossel Bay (Bro. J. H. Power). 
This species has only been recorded in the past from E. Africa. 


Genus HINEA, Adams. 
Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull. iii. p. 150 (1905). 


HINEA PERTUSA, Loew. 
Dipt. Sid. Afrik. p. 22 (1860). 


Males from 8S. Rhodesia (Bulawayo, G. Arnold); Zululand 
(M’fongosi, W. E. Jones). 


Genus TABANUS, Linn. 
Syst. Nat 10th Ed. p. 601 (1758). 


GROUP I (Surcouf and Ricardo). 
TABANUS AFRICANUS, G. R. Gray. 
Griffiths, Animal Kingdom, xv. p. 794 (1832). 


Females, Cape Colony, Kentani (Miss Pegler), N.W. Rhodesia 
(C. W. Wood); Mozambique (Lorenzo Marques). 


TABANUS FASCIATUS, Fabr. 
Syst. Ent. p. 788 (1775). 


Female, Damaraland. Female, Sierra Leone. 


GROUP Ti: 
TABANUS BIGUTTATUS, Wied. 
Ausszweifl. Ins. ii. p. 693 (1830). 


Male and females, Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, Zululand, 
Mozambique, 8. Rhodesia. 


GROUP VI. 
TABANUS CoMBUSTUS, Bigot. 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France (7) i. p. 368 (1891). 


A female from Transvaal (Rustenburg, Miss Schunke). 


456 Annals of the South African Museum. 


TABANUS MEDIONOTATUS, Austen. 
Bull. Ent. Res. iii. (3) p. 329 (1912). 
From $. Rhodesia (Kariba Gorge); Mozambique (Inhambane, 
K. H. Barnard), 
TABANUS PAR, Walk. 
List Dipt. Brit. Mus. v. Suppl. i. p. 235 (1854). 
Mozambique (Lorenzo Marques, J. de Coster); N.W. Rhodesia 
(Katunga). 


GROUP VII. 
TABANUS UNITAENIATUS, Ricardo. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 312 (1908). 
Three females from S. Rhodesia (Moffat), 1910. 


TABANUS ALBILINEA, Walk. 
List Dipt. i. p. 176 (1848). 
A female from Natal (Newcastle), and another from locality not 
specified. 


GROUP Vit. 
TABANUS TAENIOLA, P. de Beauvois. 
Ins. Recueiilis en Afrique et Amérique, p. 56 (1805-21). 


A series of females from Mozambique (Delagoa Bay); S. Rhodesia 
(Moffat), 1910; S.E. Africa (Beira), 1900. 
Tabanus socius Walker is now merged in this species. 


TABANUS SAGITTARIUS, Macq. 
Dipt. Exot. i. p. 127 (1838). 
A female from Transvaal (Potchefstroom, T. Ayres), and another 
from Ovampoland (Omaromba, Erickson. 1888). 


TABANUS FRATERNOS, Macq. 
Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i. p. 159 (1844). 
Female, S. Rhodesia (Victoria Falls). 


TABANUS CONIFORMIS, Ricardo. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) p. 321 (1908). 
N. Rhodesia (Kafue Riv.; Broken Hill). 


List of South African Tabanidae (Diptera). 457 


TABANUS DISTINCTUS, Ricardo. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 326 (1908). 


Female from unspecified locality. 


GROUP XI. 


TABANUS UstTUs, Walker. 
Zoologist vill. Appendix xey. (1850). 
Three females from Natal (Durban, J. H. Bowker); one female 
from N.W. Rhodesia (Kafue River). 


TABANUS INSIGNIS, Loew. 
Dipt. Sid. Afrik. p. 44 (1860). 


Female from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E. Jones). 


GROUP Xie 


TABANUS DIVERSUs, Ricardo. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 330 (1908). 


A female from N.W. Rhodesia (Kafue River). 


TABANUS ATRIMANUS, Loew. 
Dipt. Sid. Afrik. p. 40 (1860). 
Female, 8. Rhodesia (Umfuli River) ; Zululand (M’fongosi, W. E. 
Jones). 


GROUP XIII. 


TABANUS OBLIQUEMACULATUS, Macq. 
Dipt. Exot. i. p. 127 (1838). 
T. leucostomus, Loew, Dipt. Sid. Afrik. p. 115 (1860). 


A series of females from Cape Colony (Bushmanland, Henkries. 
R. M. Lightfoot; Wyk’s Vlei, E.G. Alston). 


TABANUS ALBIPALPUS, Walker. 
Dipt. Saund. p. 44 (1850). 
Females from Natal (Estcourt and Neweastle, A. E. Hunt), and 
Cape Colony (Hex River, L. Péringuey). 


£58 Annals of the South African Museum. 


TABANUS MINUSCULARIS, Austen. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ix. p. 31 (1912). 
Females from Zululand (M’fongosi, W. E. Jones, 1911). 
The type came from Portuguese Hast Africa, Umbelusi River, 
20 miles south of Lorenzo Marques. 


TABANUS GRATUS, Leow. 
Dipt. Siid. Afrik. p. 42 (1860). 
Female, 8. Rhodesia (Umfuli River). 


GROUP XIV. 


TABANUS DITAENIATUS, Macq. 
Dipt. Exot. i. p. 130 (1838). 
A female from Cape Colony (Dumbrody, Father J. O’Neil), and 
another from Natal (Newcastle, A. E. Hunt). 


TABANUS FUSCIPES, Ricardo. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) i. p. 332 (1908). 
S. Rhodesia (Salisbury, R. Jack). 


GROUP XV. 


TABANUS MACULATISSIMUS, Macq. 
Dipt. Exot. 1. p. 125 (1838). 
Females, Cape Colony (Kentani, Miss Pegler). Transvaal 
(Barberton, H. Edwards). 


GROUP XVI. 
TABANUS TAENIATUS, Macq. 


Hist. Nat. i. p. 207 (1834). 

Three females from Cape Colony (Hex River, L. Péringuey ; Car- 
narvon, E. G. Alston); one female from Natal (Newcastle, A. EH. 
Hunt). 

TABANUS VEXANS, Loew. 
Dipt. Siid. Afrik. p. 34 (1860). 

Two females from Port Nolloth. They agree in almost every 

particular with Loew’s description of his type from the Cape. 


List of South African Tabandiae (Diptera). 459 


He speaks of the forehead as relatively narrow. In these females 
the forehead is hardly three times as long as it is wide. The 
species may be recognized by the shining subcallus, and by the 
yellow-haired bands on the abdomen. Length of these females 
124 and 14 mm. 

Cape Colony (Namaqualand). 


Genus HAEMATOPOTA, Meig. 
Illig. Mag. ii. p. 267 (1803). 


HAEMATOPOTA OCELLATA, Wied. 
Zool. Mag. ili. p. 38 (1819). 
Male and female from Cape Colony (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, 
Paarl, Worcester, Knysna). 


HAEMATOPOTA VITTATA, Loew. 
Dipt. Siid. Afrik. p. 50 (1860). 
Male and female from Zululand (M’fongosi, W. HE. Jones) ; 
S. Rhodesia (Bulawayo, Rhodesia Museum), 


HArMATOPOTA MACTANS, Austen. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), il. p. 106 (1908). 
S. Rhodesia (Bembesi, R. Jack; Bulawayo, Rhodesia Museum). 


HAEMATOPOTA DISTINCTA, Ricardo. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. pp. 100, 106 (1906). 
S. Rhodesia (Mafungabusi, R. Jack). 


HAEMATOPOTA SANGUINARIA, Aust. 
S. Rhodesia (Victoria Falls); N.W. Rhodesia (Katanga, N’Dola). 


A 


see eeeteoses 


aethiopica (Corizoneura) 
ADERSIA 
adjuncta (Pangonia) .................. 
africanus (Tabanus) 
albifacies (Corizoneura) 
albilinea (Tabanus) 
albipalpus (Tabanus).................. 
angulata (Pangonia) 
appendiculata (Corizoneura) 
atricornis (Pangonia) 
atrimanus (Tabanus).... 


B 


bifasciata (Pangonia) 
biguttatus (Tabanus).................. 
brunnipennis (Corizoneura)......... 


C'ADICERA (sic curemsoaseeacneweceesesedee 
chrysopila (Cadicera).................. 
WHRYSORS soe onesinacutaemensseancenssscnine 
chrysostigma (Cadicera) 
combustus (Tabanus) 
coniformis (Tabanus) 
conjuncta (Pangonia) 
CorIzONEURA 


decipiens (((Silvius)js-5.---.ceesssseereee 
denticornis (Rhinomyza) 
dissimilis (Corizoneura) 

distincta (Haematopota) 

distinctus (Tabanus) .................. 
ditaeniatus (Tabanus) 
diversus (Tabanus) 


F 


fasciatus (Tabanus) .................. 
fraternus (Tabanus) ......... ........ 
fuscipes (Tabanus).........0:..2..0+c-. 


( 460 ) 


INDEX 
G 
PAGE PAGE 
4491) eratus (Rabans\seesssseseeeeene cee: 458 
454 
448 
455 zB 
AS OW | ElAB MAT OPOTAI Sa yeatenee ese eee eee ene OO 
AREY || CEMNIAS ). Hoceey cone ceehcoaade ae aas ee eee 455 
457 | hottentota (Pangonia) ... 447 
448 
449 I 
448 
457 | wmsignis(Tabanus) ..............0.+-0-. 457 
L 
448 | lateralis (Corizoneura) ............... 449 
455 | leucostomus (Tabanus) ...... . os cleise 457 
449 
M 
mactans (Haematopota) ............ 459 
453 | maculatissimus (Tabanus) ......... 458 
453 | medionotatus (Gaibamis)eeeecee sce 456 
454 | melanopyga (Cadicera) ...........0.+- 454 
; pys 
453 | minuscularis (Waibamus) Fee eerste 458 
455 
456 
448 NN 
449 | nobilis (Cadicera) .............0+--+-+ 453 
451 
O 
obliquemaculatus (Tabanus) ...... 457 
454 | ocellata (Haematopota)............... 459 
453 | oestroides (Adersia) .................. 455 
Apt |oldina (Rane onic) peeesseerenscecesctceecs 449 
459 
457 Pp 
458 
457 | pallidipennis (Corizoneura) ......... 449 
IPAN GONTAQ aetoamesracetorse reece acetone 447 
eruusal (limes) Peeccemeceseeecereee 455 
455 
456 ® 
458 | quinquemaculata (Cadicera)......... 454 


RAINOMYZA ......... 


rostrata (Pangonia) 
rubramarginata (Cadicera) 


S 


sagittarius (Tabanus).................. 
sanguinaria (Haematopota) ......... 


POTTVLU Ste iiceisicscectecs 
socius (Tabanus)... 


spiloptera (Corizoneura) ............ 
stigmaticalis (Chrysops) ............ 


SIUABANTUSuiemeieececece 


Se eae ey 


taeniatus (Tabanus) .................. 


faeniola (Tabanus) 


Se ee ey 


Index. 461 


U 

PAGE 

unitaeniatus (Tabanus)............... 456 

WISHES (SURV OP WOIUIS)) Goncncasuscotoaeuaodbace 457 
Vi 

varicolor (Corizoneura)............... 449 

vexans) (Habamus)) s.c.scsssccseocsesee 458 

| vittata (Haematopota) ............... 459 
W 

wellmanni (Chrysops) .............. 454 
Z 


) | zoulouensis (Rhinomyza)............ 452 


( 463 ) 


19.—Description of a New Genus and Species of Termitobious 
Pselaphidae (Coleoptera).—By A. RAFFRAY. 


GASTEROTROPIS, nov. gen. 


OBLoNGus, subparallelus, sat convexus. Caput transversum ; fronte 
angustiore ; temporibus valde obliquis et deflexis; cantho post- 
oculari valido; oculi magni, medio siti. Palpi maxillares validi, 
articulis 1 minuto, 2 elongato, apice clavato, 3 globoso, 4 magno, 
ovato, acuminato, apice appendice acuto praedito, 2 et 3 extus 
appendice minuto, setiformi munitis. Antennae crassae, articulis 
1 magno, deplanato, quadrato, sequentibus valde transversis, 9, 10 
majoribus, infra deplanatis, 11 magno, apice rotundato, infra dentato 
et excavato. Prothorax latitudine sua fere aequilongus, capite 
paululum angustior, subcordatus, trifoveatus. Elytra magna, 
humeris obliquis ; lateribus postice sinuatis ; angulis posticis 
notatis ; margine posteriore sinuata ; sutura postice utrinque 
tuberculata; stria suturali fere nulla, sed sutura praesertim basi, 
depressa; sulco dorsali lato, post medium evanescente. Abdomen 
elytris subaequale, late marginatum, basi cava transversa, pro- 
funda trilobata praeditum ; segmentis dorsalibus, 1, 2, 3 subaequalibus, 
1, 2 valde tricarinatis, 3 unicarinato, apice angulato, 4 ogivali, 
breviore. Metasternum magnum, postice emarginatum. Segmentis 
ventralibus 1 brevi, 2, 3 magnis, subaequalibus, 4, 5, 6 brevioribus, 
7 (3) magno, transverso, ovato; pygidio infra conspicuo. Coxis 
intermediis paululum et posticis magis distantibus, trochanteribus 
intermediis sat elongatis, apice oblique truncatis; pedes validi ; 
femoribus parum incrassatis ; tibiis simplicibus ; tarsis mediocribus 
et gracilibus, articulis 1 minuto, triangulari, 2, 3 cylindricis, 3 
secundo longiore; unguibus cinis minutis, aequalibus. 

This new genus resembles T'mesiphorus by its carinate abdomen, 
the last antennal joints, deformed and excavated underneath in the 
$, and its general facies, but it is strongly differentiated by the 
shape of the maxillary palps, the last joint of which is simply ovate 


464 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


instead of being externally and transversely dilated at apex as in 
Tmesiphorus. It is more closely related to the Indian genus 
Aphanetrix, Raffr., in which the last joint of the palps is also simple, 
and not dilated, but it differs from it in many points: the palps, 
also affecting the same shape, are much smaller than in Aphanetrix 
and much more slender, the head is longer than broad instead of 
being transverse, the antennae are elongated, comparatively slender, 
with all the joints plainly moniliform, and the club is simple; the 
abdomen bears traces only of very obsolete costae, which impart to 
Aphanetriz a very different appearance. 


GASTEROTROPIS POWERI, 0. Sp. 


Totus cinnamomeus, elytris paulo dilutioribus, antennis pedibusque 
obscurioribus, palpis et tarsis dilute testaceis ; corpore toto alutaceo 
et setis squamulosis minutissimis et brevissimis obsito. Caput 
deplanatum ; fronte lata, late sed parum profonde impressa, antice 
recte truncata ; in vertice foveis duabus lberis ; temporibus et 
cantho oculari una valde obliquis, cantho oculari oculos paululum 
superante et apice obtuso; margine postica leviter sinuata, abrupta ; 
collo conspicuo. Prothorax convexus, lateribus post medium 
compressus et fovea laterali oblonga leviter sinuatus, foveola ante 
basali media minuta. Elytra latitudine suo fere aequilonga ; humeris 
valde obliquis; lateribus pone humeros vix perspicue et posticis 
magis sinuatis; angulis posticis notatis et leviter prominulis; stria 
suturali fere nulla sed sutura praesertim basi, late depressa; sulco 
dorsali lato, basi profundo, pone medium evanesente; sutura ante 
apicem utrinque tuberculo triangulari, deplanato et acuto armata. 
Abdomen valde carinatum. Metasternum sulcatum. Segmento 7 
ventrali, transversim ovato, depresso et albido ciliato. Tibiis anticis 
ad apicem leviter elevatis, intermediis ante apicem intus perparum 
sinuatis, postices vix incurvis. ¢. 

Long. 3°50 mm. 

On the elytra there is a moderately raised but wide and rounded 
carina formed by the dorsal furrow and the depression of the sutural 
part, the outer posterior angles are somewhat prominent, and very 
slightly reflexed obliquely, the posterior border is sinuate, and the 
sutural angle rounded ; above the angle and on each side there is an 
horizontally directed triangular prominent tubercle which is acumin- 
ated behind. The margin of the abdomen is wide and slightly 
rounded outwardly especially on the first tergite, the carinae are 
very strong and nearly black at apex. 


New Genus and Species of Termitobious Pselaphidae. 465 


My friend, Dr. L. Péringuey, the Director of the South African 
Museum, has sent me a ¢ example of this species, found by Brother 
J. H. Power, at Kimberley, Cape Province, in the termitarium of 
Termes trinervius. 


1. Gasterotropis powert. 
2. Ultimate joints of ¢ viewed from underneath. 
3. Maxillary palp. 


( 467 ) 


20.—Descriptions of New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the 
South African Musewm.—By W. Warren, M.A., F.E.S. 


Faminry ACRONYCTIDAE. 
Sup-Hamiry ACRONYCTINAR. 


Gen. THALATHA, WIk. 


1. THALATHA VARICOLOR, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 12.) 


Forewing : Grey, slightly greenish-tinged in places; costal area to 
beyond middle paler, ochreous with a greenish flush, with oblique 
black spots at origin of lines; inner line black, connected with base 
by a black streak in submedian fold and preceded by a black spot in 
cell; basal area below cell filled in with blackish grey ; claviform 
stigma large, edged with black; orbicular a flattened oval, whitish 
edged with black, its centre brown; reniform large filled up with 
grey edged inwardly with chestnut brown, defined by black ; median 
shade black, thick, oblique to reniform stigma, then interrupted, 
followed in submedian interval by a black blotch to outer line ; lower 
half of median area whitish grey; outer line black, dentate lunulate, 
double filled in with grey, the lunule on submedian fold with white ; 
area beyond outer line dark grey; subterminal line pale, ill-defined 
with patches of chestnut brown and dark grey preceding it; a series 
of black terminal lunules connected by a wavy black line; fringe 
pale grey, doubly mottled with black. 

Hindwing : White in basal half, dark fuscous in terminal, with 
dark cellspot and traces of dark outer line edged with paler; a 
black waved terminal line; fringe white. 

Underside white at base and along inner margin; the forewing 
becoming blackish fuscous before termen ; cellspot black ; fringe as 
above; hindwing speckled with blackish, with dark outer line and 
large black cellspot. 

30 


468 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Head brownish grey ; palpi marked with black externally; tegulae 
and patagia paler, lichen grey; metathorax tinged with fulvous ; 
dorsum ochreous grey, the segments slightly marked in blackish ; 
palpi below, venter, pectus, and legs white; tarsi and spurs black 
and white. 

Expanse of wings: 34 mm. 

1? from Cape Town, 1911. (P. C. Keytel.) 


Famity NOCTUIDAE. 
Susp-Faminy EUXOINAH. 


Gen. EUXOA, Hbn. 


2. EUXOA CONTINGENS, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 3.) 


Forewing: Pale grey brown; costal edge dark grey above a pale 
subcostal streak ; subbasal line pale with black edges; inner and 
outer lines black conversely edged with pale, the inner twice acutely 
angled below costa and there indistinct, outcurved and strong 
between median vein and vein 1, strongly excurved below vein 1; 
the subcostal, median, and vein 1 finely pale; cell filled up with 
brownish fuscous, the orbicular, somewhat flattened, and the 
reniform brownish with pale anuuli outlined with black; the 
claviform long, dark brown, with black outline; outer line quadrately 
excurved round cell, touching and forming part of outer edge of 
reniform ; subterminal line whitish, minutely waved, and close to 
termen, preceded by black wedge-shaped blotches from 6 to 2; arow 
of black terminal lunules; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing : Luteous white, with darker veins; fringe white. 

Underside of forewing ochreous grey, the costa whiter; of 
hindwing white with large dark cellspot; both wings with traces of 
dark outer line. 

Head grey brown ; the tegulae and patagia much mixed with white ; 
the former with black middle line, the latter with black submarginal 
line angled in front with a white patch beyond it; dorsum pale 
brownish grey; palpi externally black ; legs dark fuscous with the 
joints white. 

Expanse of wings: 36 mm. 

1 3 from Calvinia District, Loeriesfontein, September, 1891. 
(G. Alston.) 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 469 


Antennae strongly pectinated to apex; the truncate conical 
‘process of frons somewhat flattened laterally. 


3. HUXOA SORDIDA, spec. noy. 
(Plate XL., fig 1.) 


Forewing : Sordid fuscous, darkest in cell; lines black with pale 
edging ; placed much as in the previous species contingens ; but the 
outer line is crenulate and well outcurved beyond cell, the reniform 
being followed by a pale space; cell and stigmata as in contingens, 
but much more obscure; veins black lined with pale; terminal area 
is dark fuscous, darker before the obscure subterminal line, which 
preceded by obscure wedge-shaped marks; fringe fuscous with a 
pale line at base. 

Hindwing: Dirty whitish, with costa and apex darker; all the 
veins dark. 

Underside of forewing dull dirty fuscous; of hindwing whitish 
with the costal area dark grey. 

Head and thorax brownish grey ; the abdomen paler grey; palpi 
externally dark fuscous, the terminal segment ochreous. 

Expanse of wings: 3) mm. 

1 3 from Ookiep, Namaqualand, April, 1887. (G. Worden.) 


Susp-Famiry CUCULLIANAE. 


Gren. RHIZOTYPE, Hmps. 


4, RHIZOTYPE PALLIATA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 2.) 


Forewing: Purplish black in basal two-thirds and again narrowly 
beyond subterminal line, the intervening area reddish fawn colour ; 
inner margin of basal area pale ochreous with a thick black streak 
above it ; inner and outer lines double, filled in with ochreous; the 
inner marked on costa by an outwardly oblique whitish mark above 
orbicular, then obscure and incurved before orbicular stigma to 
median vein, then distinct, oblique outwards and sharply angled 
inwards below vein 1; outer from an inwardly oblique white mark 
above reniform stigma, bent outwards to apex of reniform, outwardly 
oblique to vein 5, then inwardly and slightly waved; orbicular 
stigma oval, oblique, ochreous with dark centre ; reniform large with 


470 Annals of the South African Museum. 


the edges ochreous, elongate, with both edges concave outwards,. 
rectangularly bent on median vein, along which it runs inwards to 
below orbicular; the median vein showing whitish on the dark 
interior; the veins in terminal area dotted with white ; subterminal 
line pale, irregularly crenulate, preceded by a brown shade containing 
black wedge-shaped marks at middle; terminal area purple grey 
edged by a waved black terminal line; fringe black brown, with 
ochreous basal line and rayed with ochreous beyond veins. 

Hindwing: Whitish ochreous, with an inwardly diffuse grey sub- 
marginal border, a crenulate outer line, and dark cellspot; a row of 
distinct blackish terminal lunules; fringe greyish ochreous. 

Underside of forewing dull dark grey, speckled with paler ; only the 
outer line darker, marked by a pale spot at costa; hindwing 
ochreous, along costa and round apex speckled with dark; a 
prominent black cellspot; a crenulate outer line and wavy black 
terminal line. 

Head, thorax, and pectus purple blackish; metathoracic tuft 
ochreous tipped with fuscous: dorsum fuscous becoming pale 
ochreous at base; legs black, ringed with pale. 

Expanse of wings: 40 mm. 

1 ¢ from Cape District, Hout Bay, May, 1901. (W. L. Selater.) 


Susp-Famity AMPHIPYRINAE. 


Gen. IAMBIA, WIk. 


5. IAMBIA BRUNNEA, Spec. Nov. 
(Plate XL., fig 13.) 

Forewing : Ochreous straw colour, washed with pale brown to 
outer line, and dusted with blackish ; the inner half of inner margin 
remaining pale, without markings; a thick black streak from base 
along submedian fold to outer line, interrupted by the pale inner 
line, which is double, black, filled in with ground colour, obliquely 
curved to submedian fold, then waved; outer line also double, 
black ; sharply bent outwards below costa, then vertical, oblique 
below vein 4, the outer arm blacker; median line black, strongly 
outcurved and running parallel and close to outer line below middle ; 
orbicular and reniform large, of raised shiny scales edged with 
black; subterminal line pale, only visible in costal half, where it is 
preceded and followed by black shading; two black lines in the 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 471 


intervals on each side of vein 5, confluent internally ; black terminal 
dots between veins ; fringe brown with a double black line. 

Hindwing : Brownish grey, darker along termen ; cellspot dark ; 
fringe pale. 

Underside ochreous speckled with dark grey and fuscous ; outer 
lines marked; cellspot of hindwing distinct; apex of forewing 
‘dark. 

Head and thorax blackish fuscous and ochreous mixed; dorsum 
dark grey on an ochreous ground; legs ochreous, the tibiae and tarsi 
black, with pale joints and mottling; palpi black, with the tips 
paler. 

Expanse of wings: 31 mm. 

1 g from the Coast District, Natal, 1879. (W. D. Gooch.) 


Gren. ACRAPEX, Hmps. 


6. ACRAPEX TRISTRIGATA, Spec. Nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 18.) 

Forewing: Shining ochreous with pale brown suffusion ; a streak 
from base along upper half of submedian fold, another from middle 
of cell to near termen, and an oblique streak from apex to vein 6 
dark brown; a slight brown tinge along costa at #; the median 
nervure and its nervules, the submedian fold and vein 1, and veins 6 
and 7 creamy ochreous; a fine dark terminal line; fringe grey 
brown with a fine pale line at base. 

Hindwing : Pale ochreous. 

Underside ochreous suffused with grey brown; the costal half of 
forewing darkest. 

Head, shoulders, patagia, and abdomen ochreous, thorax dark 
brown. 

Expanse of wings: 20 mm. 

1 $ from Smithfield, Orange Free State, 1910. (Kannemeyer.) 


Gen. CENTRARTHRA, Hmps. 


7. C. OSSICOLOR, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 10.) 


Forewing; Pale grey tinged along costa and below median vein 
with pale brownish ; a strong black streak from base below median 
vein to end of cell, edged above by a white streak; the subcostal 
area whitish, with the veins and cell folds finely marked in grey 


472 Annals of the South African Museum. 


brown; patches of white scaling between veins 2 and 3, 3 and 4 at- 
their base, the bases of both veins and the median vein at its 
extremity thickened with black scales; reniform stigma white with 
black lateral edges; the cell before it, and the space beyond and 
below it olive brown; veins towards termen faintly pale, the 
intervals with black streaks, ending in terminal black spots; an 
oblique brown grey, dentate-edged, shade from below apex to end of 
cell, and another, less marked, from vein 4 at termen to submedian 
fold; the black streak in interval between veins 5 and 6 beyond 
reniform thicker and edged above with a white streak; vein 1 pale, 
edged on both sides with black throughout ; a black streak on inner 
margin beyond middle; lines scarcely marked; the outer faintly 
oblique to vein 7, then vertical, marked by dark dots on veins, 
inwardly oblique below median and obscurely dentate ; fringe white 
at apex and anal angle, brown grey between, finely rayed with 
black, 

Hindwing : White slightly washed with brownish; the bases of 
veins 2, 3, and 4 more prominently stained ; a broad terminal border 
pale brownish; fringe white; the terminal dots in the intervals 
black. 

Underside white tinged with luteous; costa and apex of both 
wings brownish speckled with darker; terminal black dots in the 
intervals; fringe of hindwing white. 

Head grey brown with a mixture of ochreous; tegulae and patagia 
bone-colour ; dorsum dark grey; the anal tuft ochreous with darker 
tips. 

Expanse of wings : 42 mm. 

1 g from Murraysburg. Cape. 

Antennae with tuberculate fascicles of cilia. 


8. CENTRARTHRA FULVITINCTA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 9.) 

Resembles C. ossicolor, but the ground colour of forewing greyer,. 
speckled with blackish; the costal streak blackish grey ; the black 
streak from base, except along base of median vein, more diffused 
and extending along base of submedian fold and vein 2, without a 
white streak above it in cell; the veins towards termen edged with 
black scales ; the dark streaks of the intervals hardly marked; the 
shade before, beyond, and below reniform diffused blackish; an 
orange mark in cell; the reniform larger white, marked laterally 
with orange, and obliquely bisected by a black line; the white. 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 473 


patches at base of veins 2 to 4 replaced by orange; a narrow, 
irregularly waved, dark subterminal shade in the place of the two 
oblique shades ; the streak in interval between 5 and 6 orange; the 
black terminal dots inwardly edged with orange; the lines more 
distinct; the inner indicated by a black dot on vein 1, the outer by 
dots on veins 6, 2, and 1; the fringe blackish grey cut by pale rays 
beyond the veins; no black streak on inner margin, nor black 
edging to vein 1. 

Hindwing: Uniform brownish fuscous, with black terminal dots 
and white fringe. 

Underside of forewing brownish ochreous, thickly speckled with 
darker; the dark basal shade and the reniform showing through ; 
hindwing pale ochreous with dark speckling and a large blackish 
triangular cell mark. 

Head, thorax, and pectus whitish with minute dark atoms; 
abdomen ochreous grey with dark speckling, especially on under- 
side; legs ochreous with darker speckling, the tarsi fuscous with 
pale joints. 

Expanse of wings: 43 mm. 

1 ? from Calvinia District, Loeriesfontein, Cape, September, 
1891. (G. Alston.) 


9. CENTRARTHRA CRETACEA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 11.) 

Forewing: Chalky whitish, speckled with grey; the costa 
narrowly dark grey; median vein at base and submedian fold finely 
blackish, containing between them an olive fuscous streak to end of 
cell with a white streak above it in cell; veins 2, 3, 4 finely edged 
with black at base, the intervals at extreme base white edged faintly 
with fulvous; reniform stigma white with black lateral edges; an 
oblique olive fuscous shade from termen below apex to reniform 
stigma, and a slighter one from vein 4 to submedian fold, forming 
patches in the intervals separated by the white veins; distinct 
black terminal dots in the intervals; fringe white mixed with pale 
grey ; lines brownish grey; the inner vertical to median vein, then 
strongly and bluntly outcurved and bent on submedian fold; the 
outer oblique to vein 7, vertical and marked by blackish vein spots 
to vein 4, thence well marked and wavy to 2 of inner margin. 

Hindwing: White; the terminal border broadly grey ; inwardly 
bounded by a line of blackish vein dashes; a black mark at base of 
veins 3,4; fringe white. 

Underside of forewing dingy white; the cell and broad terminal 


474 Annals of the South African Museum. 


space grey; cellspot and a curved outer shade-line darker; costa 
grey-speckled ; veins towards termen pale; hindwing white; the 
costa and terminal border brown-speckled; a black spot at bases 
of veins 3, 4; both wings with black terminal dots. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi externally blackish ; 
tarsi black with the joints white. 

Eixpanse of wings: 42 mm. 

1 g Kalk Bay, Cape, April, 1869. 

This may be a pale form of C. ossicolor, the coloration being 
assimilated to the chalk environment. Antennae with tuberculate 
fascicles of cilia. 


10. CENTRARTHRA PALLESCENS, spec. noy. 
(Plate XL., fig. 8.) 

Forewing : Ochreous grey, thickly and finely dusted with dark; 
median vein, vein 1, and terminal veinlets yellowish ochreous, 
all dotted with black ; a white patch between veins 2 and 8 at base 
and a smaller one between 3 and 4; lines blackish, obscure ; inner 
at = vertical, outcurved above and below median and again below 
vein 1; outer at %, outbent below costa, vertical to vein 4, then 
inwardly oblique, distinctly lunulate dentate; a grey subterminal 
cloud ; terminal spots in the intervals black ; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing: Pale luteous, with broad grey marginal border ; outer 
line marked by black vein-dashes; fringe whitish. 

Underside of forewing greyish luteous, grey-speckled; a dark 
outer shade and black terminal dots; hindwing bone colour, dusted 
with dark along costa and apical region. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous grey ; tarsi black with pale 
joints. 

Expanse of wings: 34 mm. 

1 g§ from Smithfield, Orange Free State, September, 1910. 
(Kannemeyer.) 

Antennae pectinated. 


11. CENTRARTHRA BRUNNEA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 7.) 
Forewing: Dark brownish fuscous ; the costa narrowly blackish ; 
a short thick black streak from base along median vein ; the median 
vein black in outer half, with a short black blotch below it before 
vein 2; an obscure black cloud marking reniform towards end 
of cell; inner line at 4, angled’ outwards above and below median 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 475 


vein and below vein 1; outer dentate-lunulate at 2, outbent below 
costa, vertical to vein 4, thence inwardly oblique and distinct; a 
faintly darker submarginal shade, oblique above from below apex 
to reniform; fringe concolorous beyond dark terminal lunules. 

Hindwing: Dull luteous grey, clouded with-darker along termen ; 
the veins dark brown; a dark grey cellspot on lower half of disco- 
cellular ; a row of blackish terminal lunules ; fringe pale grey, with 
a darker waved line near base. | 

Underside paler brown; both wings with dark cellspots and 
outer lines. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like forewings ; palpi blackish. 

Expanse of wings: 34 mm. 

1 3 Saldanha Bay, Cape, October, 1903. (Shortridge.) 

Antennae with tuberculate fascicles of cilia. 


12. CENTRARTHRA ALBIAPICATA, Spec. Nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 6.) 

Forewing: Dark grey; costal vein and subcostal veinlets finely 
black ; a slender black line from base below subcostal vein; a thick 
black streak from base along median vein; a white streak with 
some black scales above median vein in cell; reniform stigma grey 
with lateral black edges; base of veins 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 grey with 
black edges, the intervals between 2 and 4 white at base; the ter- 
minal veins pale with black edges, the intervals with strong black 
streaks ending in black terminal spots; a white streak from apex 
above a dark oblique shade ; fringe dark grey. 

Hindwing : Fuscous, paler at base; the fringe white. 

Underside of both wings whitish in basal half, grey brown in 
terminal dusted with blackish ; a large cell lunule in hindwing ; both 
wings with black terminal spots, those of hindwing large; fringe of 
forewing dark grey, of hindwing white. 

Head and thorax grey mixed with white; abdomen luteous 
grey. 

Expanse of wings: 36 mm. 

1 2 from Clanwilliam, Cape, November, 1909. (Lightfoot.) 


13, CENTRARTHRA FULVINOTATA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 4.) 
Forewing: Tawny grey brown, varied in places with patches 
of pinkish fulvous ; a broad oblique whitish grey streak, from below 


476 Annals of the South African Museum. 


apex to upper angle of cell, above a triangular fuscous patch on 
termen; a pinkish fulvous spot at base of median vein and the 
median vein itself narrowly fulvous; a patch below median before 
vein 2, and above it at middle of cell, the reniform stigma, and 
patches between veins 2 and 4 at base all pinkish fulvous; a fulvous 
streak along inner margin dusted with black scales; vein 1 and vein 
6, and the costa beyond middle also fulvous-tinged ; a fulvous shade 
along termen; outer line only marked, outbent below costa and 
inwardly oblique below vein 4, indicated by black vein-dashes ; the 
intervals towards termen with irregular black streaks ; fringe brown 
rayed with pale beyond veins. 

Hindwing: Somewhat glossy, uniform brownish grey, rather 
darker along termen ; fringe whitish, mixed with grey in costal half. 

Underside brownish grey, the hindwing paler. 

Head dull fulvous; terminal segment of palpi blackish; tegulae 
and patagia tawny brown with their edges dull fulvous ; abdomen 
fulvous. 

Expanse of wings: 34 mm. 

1 g from Kimberley, Cape. (H. Feltham.) 

Antennae with tuberculate fascicles of cilia. 


14. CENTRARTHRA ARGENTEA, Spec. NOV. 
(Plate XL., fig. 5.) 


Forewing: Glossy whitish grey, speckled with blackish; area 
below median vein greyer ; outer line oblique outwards to 7, hardly 
marked, then vertical and straight, marked only by 4 veinspots. 
on 4, 5, 6, 7, thence incurved and obscure; a slightly darker 
subterminal band; a row of black dots before termen; reniform 
stigma irregularly triangular, dark grey with black edging; a slight 
streak of black scales below base of cell; fringe mottled pale and 
dark grey. 

Hindwing : Dark brownish grey with basal area whitish; a dark 
diffuse cellspot ; fringe white. 

Underside dark grey; costal area of both wings, terminal area 
of forewing and base of hindwing white with black speckling ; 
cellspots dark; fringe of forewing dark brown rayed with white. 

Head, thorax, and dorsum whitish grey speckled with dark ; the 
patagia and basal segments of dorsum white. 

Expanse of wings: 44 mm. 

1 ? from Bushmanland, Hen Riet, Cape, October, 1911. (Light- 
foot.) 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 477 


Susp-Faminy HRASTRIANAH. 


Gen. PENISA, Warr. 


15. PENISA ALBIGRISEA, spec. Nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 21.) 

Forewing : Whitish grey suffused in places with darker grey ; 
basal area pale; subbasal and inner lines black, inwardly oblique, 
the latter irregularly waved ; outer line blackish, oblique outwards 
to vein 6, then irregularly crenulate and sinuous inwards, finely 
edged with white; a diffuse dark spot at end of cell followed by 
a whitish space to outer line; median area dark below middle,. 
especially its basal half; subterminal line diffusely whitish, indented 
beyond cell and forming a large white spot above anal angle; 
terminal area with a deeper grey patch on each fold; terminal 
black spots; fringe pale grey. 

Hindwing: Dark grey with narrow wavy median and diffusely 
waved subterminal white lines. 

Underside of forewing dull grey, of hindwing whitish, with 
obscure markings. 

Palpi and frons (worn) brownish white; vertex and thorax pure 
white; abdomen greased, probably pale grey. 

Expanse of wings : 20 mm. 

1 ¢ from M’fongosi, Zululand, October, 1911. (W. E. Jones.) 

Nearest to P. leprosa, Hmps., from India. 


Gren. OZARBA, WIk. 


16. OZARBA REGIA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 20.) 


Forewing : Basal ? dull deep orange ; outer area leaden purplish ; 
costa in basal area with dark spots marking rise of subbasal and 
inner lines, which can be traced across wing by slightly lustrous 
scales; an oblique purplish black antemedian band, outwardly 
toothed on median vein; a dark dot at end of cell; median and 
outer lines excurved round cell, then incurved; the median very 
fine; the outer lunulate dentate; the costal area between them 
orange, and a slight orange band beyond outer line ; termen and 
fringe deep leaden purple. 

Hindwing: Purple brown, dull orange towards base. 


478 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Underside of forewing dark leaden grey; of hindwing pale grey, 
dark speckled. 

Head and thorax dull greyish orange; dorsum leaden grey. 

Expanse of wings: 22 mm. 

1 ¢° from M’fongosi, Zululand, September, 1911. (W. EH. Jones.) 


17. OZARBA ILLIMITATA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 23.) 


Forewing: With nearly the basal half dull orange, its outer 
margin curved and not limited by a dark band; outer half purplish 
orange brown, with no distinct lines except a slightly metallic 
subterminal ; fringe leaden grey. 

Hindwing: Dull fuscous. 

Underside shining purplish fuscous. 

Head, tegulae, and patagia orange; thorax greyish; dorsum 
fuscous. 

Expanse of wings: 12 mm. 

1 2 from M’fongosi, Zululand, October, 1911. (W. EH. Jones.) 

Smaller and with more acute apex to forewing than in regia. 


Gen. RHODOTARACHE, gen. nov. 


Tongue well developed ; frons with a truncate conical prominence 
with raised rim, containing in centre a small blunt projection; palpi 
upturned close to face, slender and smooth, the third segment 
pointed; antennae (?) broken off; tibiae smooth ; forewing elon- 
gate triangular; the apex prominent, blunt; termen oblique, curved 
at tornus only; an areole present; vein 2 from just beyond middle, 
3, 4, 5at even distances apart; hindwing normal. Type A. 
roseofusca, spec. nov. 


18. RHODOTARACHE ROSEOFUSCA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 17.) 

Forewing: Deep rosy ; two deeper rosy bands oblique from inner 
margin, the inner close to base, slightly edged outwardly with 
yellow, not reaching above median vein; the outer before anal 
angle, broader, edged on both sides with yellowish narrowed off 


and inangled beyond cell, becoming broad and diffuse before apex ; 
fringe worn, 


New Species of Lepiodoptera Heterocera. 479° 


Hindwing : Brownish grey. 

Underside dull grey. 

Head and thorax rosy; dorsum brown grey, rosy-tinged at. 
base. 

Expanse of wings: 26 mm. 

1 2 from Albany, Cape, August, 1872. 


Sup-Faminy KUTELIANAE. 


Gren. EUTELIA, Hbn. 


19. HUTELIA FULVIGRISEA, Spec. NOV. 
(Plate XL., fig. 16.) 

Forewing: Pale grey slightly speckled’ with darker; the inner 
marginal area washed with pale fulvous and the costal area between 
outer and subterminal lines with a deeper fulvous patch; a diffuse 
pale grey streak in cell ending in whitish streaks along vein 3 and 
above vein 5, limited by dark grey streaks along upper half of cell 
and of submedian fold forking from base of cell; lines brownish, 
indistinct except below middle; inner line angled on median vein, 
brown inwardly edged with pale below middle, grey above, preceded 
by a similar pale grey line ; median line angled at end of cell, brown 
only below submedian fold; outer line angled on vein 6, then 
incurved and sinuous, fairly distinct throughout, brown towards 
inner margin, and externally pale-edged ; subterminal line an oblique 
white bar from costa to vein 6 limiting the fulvous costal patch, 
interrupted in middle and faintly whitish above anal angle; some 
dark terminal dashes before the whitish fringe. 

Hindwing : Whitish in basal half becoming grey before termen ;. 
a sinuous curved grey brown line beyond middle, and a broad 
fulvous somewhat diffuse band in subterminal area ending in tornus ; 
fringe white beyond a dark terminal line. 

Underside with outer and subterminal lines marked in both 
wings; hindwing with a dark cell lunule; the fulvous costal patch 
distinet in forewing. 

Head, thorax, and dorsum pale grey; the patagia with faint. 
fulvous tinge; legs mottled, fulvous brown and whitish. 


Expanse of wings: 32 mm. 
1 ¢@ from M’fongosi, Zululand, 1911. (W. EH. Jones.) 
The termen of forewing is strongly oblique below vein 3. 


480 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Sus-Faminy CATOCALINAEH. 


Gen. EHUONYCHODHS, gen. nov. 


Tongue strongly developed; frons rough-haired ; palpi porrect, 
the second segment shaggily haired beneath, the third long, smooth, 
and blunt; antennae of @ simple; thorax and patagia long-haired; 
abdomen smooth; pectus and femora with rough woolly hairs; all 
the tibiae spined; the fore tibiae with a long claw at extremity on 
the inside and a shorter one on the outside; forewing with veins 
7, 8 and 9, 10 stalked, 8 and 9 anastomosing to form a very long 
areole, 10 rising from its apex; vein 5 from close to 4 in forewing; 
a little above it in hindwing; costal and subcostal of hindwing 
approximated for $ of cell. Type H. albivenata, spec. nov. 

Differs from Acanthonyx, Hmps., by the spined fore tibiae and the 
two claws at extremity; Acanthonyx has only one claw and no 
‘spines. 


20. HUONYCHODES ALBIVENATA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 14.) 


Forewing: Olive grey, tinged with olive brown and with black; 
the veins pale; costal area above subcostal vein as far as outer line 
and inner margin below vein 1 of the pale ground colour, speckled 
with darker; the cell black with some olive brown at centre, closed 
by an oblique deep black lunule, followed by an olive ochreous 
diffuse patch ; submedian interval black with an olive brown streak 
along middle; the bases of intervals and more slightly their extremi- 
ties before the pale outer line black; outer and subterminal lines 
approximated between veins 5 and 2; the intervals before termen 
blackish with pale centres; terminal black lunules; fringe olive 
grey. 

Hindwing : Olive brown in basal half; a broad black curved outer 
band, followed by a whitish band before a diffuse blackish sub- 
terminal shade with dentate outer edge; terminal area olive before 
black terminal lunules. 

Underside yellowish grey with yellow veins; both wings with 
black cellspots, black outer bands edged with whitish, and dentate 
edged dark subterminal shades ; hindwing with the termen whitish, 
forewing with only an apical patch. 

Head, thorax, and dorsum olive ochreous mixed with black. 

Expanse of wings: 32 mm. 

1 @ without exact locality label. 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 481 


GEN. PLECOPTERODES, Hmps. 


21. PLECOPTERODES DEPRIVATA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 15.) 


Forewing: Grey tinged with rufous, especially in terminal half, 
and finely dusted with dark atoms; inner line thick, dark brown, 
vertical, slightly waved; outer line slightly outcurved to vein 2, 
then straight, followed by a pale line; discocellular spot an erect 
flattened ring with dark outline; subterminal line obsolete; a 
terminal row of dark spots; fringe dark grey with a clear white 
line at base. 

Hindwing: Greyish white in basal half traversed by a dark 
median line; terminal third dark fuscous; fringe as in forewing, 

Underside whitish, tinged with yellowish along costa, and 
speckled with grey; terminal border broad, blackish fuscous ; faint 
traces of an outer line. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey; pectus, legs, and palpi 
externally whiter. 

Expanse of wings: 32 mm. 

1 ¢ from Ovampoland, 


22, PLECOPTERODES MODERATA, Wlngyrn. 
ab. SUBFLAVA, ab. nov. 


Differs from the type form in having the upper side of hindwing 
‘dull orange ; the underside of both wings bright yellow, with broad 
black terminal border. 

2 9 2 from Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia, February, 1912. (H. C. 
Pead.) 


Susp-Famiry HYPEHNINAE. 


Gen. NAARDA, WIk. 


23. NAARDA OVALIPLAGA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 19.) 


Forewing : Purplish fuscous, darker terminally; lines darker, very 
obscure, subbasal, inner, median, and outer, the last with slightly 
paler spots below costa; fringe concolorous; a small round yellow 
spot in cell towards base and a large erect oval one at its end. 

Hindwing: Purplish fuscous, the basal half somewhat paler ; 
traces of a pale subterminal line. 


482 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Underside luteous whitish, densely brown speckled, with broad 
dark terminal border ; faint cellspots and outer lines. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen shining grey. 

Expanse of wings: 24 mm. 

1 ? from Bulawayo, S. Rhodesia, February, 1912. (H.C. Pead.): 


Gren. CHUSARIS, WIk. 


24, CHUSARIS VENATA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XL., fig. 22.) 


Forewing: Paler grey than in relatalis, Wlk.; the veins towards. 
termen pale; the outer line more strongly bent outwards beyond 
cell, oblique to vein 6, vertical to 4, then incurved and again vertical 
to inner margin, preceded throughout by black spots between the 
veins ; terminal third darker grey traversed by a pale curved line ; 
discocellular vertical, whitish, preceded by a black erect blotch and 
followed by some black scaling; terminal line black; fringe grey. 

Hindwing: Paler grey, with traces of pale outer and subterminal 
lines; a dark cellspot, and blackish terminal line. 

Underside shining pale grey, much speckled with blackish. 

Head and shoulders white; thorax and abdomen grey; palpi 
externally black, the tips of second segment and the third segment, 
except a subapical ring, white. 

Expanse of wings: 22 mm. 

1 g from Johannesburg, Transvaal, January, 1912. (H. Feltham.) 


Famity GEOMETRIDAE. 
Susp-Faminy GEOMETRINAE. 


Gren. CAMPSICERAS, gen. nov. 


Tongue and palpi very slight; antennae of g bipectinate nearly 
to apex, the shaft thickened above with scales for 4, then bent 
outwards ; dorsum with depressed crests ; legs short and stout; the 
hind tibiae much swollen, with terminal spurs only; forewing 
triangular, the termen bent at vein 3; hindwing narrow, the apex 
rounded, the anal angle rectangular; neuration of forewing; cell 
half as long as wing, broad; the discocellular concave outwards ; 
vein 2 at 2,3 just before 4; 5from just above middle of discocellular ; 
6 from upper angle of cell; 10, 7, 8, 9 stalked from the same point ; 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 483 


11 separate ; in the hindwing 3, 4 and 6, 7 are quite shortly stalked ; 
vein 5 as in forewing; costal approximated to subcostal for about 
4 of cell. Type C. dyschlorata, spec. nov. 


25. C. DYSCHLORATA, Spec. nov. 


Forewing: Slightly scaled; pale pink in colour; the costa and 
veins a little darker ; traces of a curved darker line from costa before 
middle to before middle of inner margin; outer line at 2, slightly 
sinuous. 

Hindwing : With outer line only ; fringe pink in both wings. 

Underside whitish. 

Upper half of face and tips of palpi deep red ; vertex whitish ; 
thorax and abdomen pinkish white; the dorsum, with its tufts, 
deeper red; fore and middle legs red in front. 

Expanse of wings: 30 mm. 

1 g from M’fongosi, Zululand, April, 1911. (W. E. Jones.) 


Sus-Famiry STERRHINAE. 


Gen. STERRHA, Hbn. 


96. STERRHA FULVILINEA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 13.) 


Forewing: Pale lilac grey sparsely dusted with black; lines 
oblique, parallel to termen ; inner and outer composed of fulvous 
and black scales; the inner showing two larger spots of mixed 
scales above and below vein |; the outer lunulate dentate, preceded 
by a pale space which is inwardly edged by a very faint median 
line, and followed by a grey band which is limited by the diffuse 
pale subterminal line; cellspot and terminal dots small and 
black. 

Hindwing : Paler grey without speckling; fringe in both wings 
worn. 

Underside shining pale grey; the inner 3 of forewing suffused with 
darker and towards costa tinged with ochreous. 

Head and palpi fulvous brown; thorax and abdomen lilae 
grey. 

EXxpanse of wings: 24 mm. 

1 g from M’fongosi, Zululand, April, 1911. (W. E. Jones.) 

36 


484 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Gen. EMMILTIS, Hbn. 


27. EMMILTIS BIGEMINATA, Warr. 
ab. RUFIFIMBRIA, ab. nov. 


The specimens of this species from Barberton in the Transvaal 
are all slightly reddish tinged, and, in particular, show the fringe 
reddish ; they may, in fact, be specifically distinct; for the hind- 
wings haye the termen more strongly rounded or bent than 
bigeminata, and show an additional line beyond the cellspot. 


Gen. SYNELYS, Hbn. 


28. SYNELYS MELLIFLUA, Warr. 
ab. DISCATA, ab. nov. 

Differs from the type in having a large brown cellspot in the 
forewing, followed by a small diffuse brown cloud; in the hind- 
wing there is a large diffuse brownish-grey cloud reaching from 
vein 6 to 2, including the cellspot on its inner edge, and ex- 
ternally reaching beyond the median line; neither the cellspots 
nor the dark clouds accompanying them are expressed on the 
underside. 

1 3 from Durban, Natal, December, 1902. (G. F. Leigh.) 


Gren. PALAEASPILATES, Warr. 


29. PALAEASPILATES INOFFENSA, Warr. 
ab. RUBIDA, ab. nov. 


Forewing : Suffused throughout with dull brick red; the outer 
band thicker. 

Hindwiny : Tinged with reddish in terminal half. 

Head and thorax brick red; the abdomen pale grey, as in the 
type form. 

Underside of both wings dull red; the speckling denser. 

1 ? from Dunbrody, Cape. (Father J. O’Neil.) 

In the British Museum Collection several specimens from the 
Cape are partially red-tinged. 

I originally placed this genus and species in the Oenochro- 
minae; they are better referred, as Mr. Prout proposes, to the 
Sterrhinae. 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 485 


Sus-Famiry HYDRIOMENINAH. 


Gen. PERIZOMA, Hbn. 


30. PERIZOMA EVISCERATA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 12.) 

Forewing: White speckled with blackish, crossed by three 
blackish bands; the first limiting the basal patch, curved inwards 
to base of inner margin, the patch itself traversed by a curved 
pale line; inner line excurved above and below median vein, the 
pale interval before it filled with dark dusting leaving the edges 
white; second band immediately following inner line; outer line 
strongly angled outwards on 6 and 4, indented on cell fold, and 
incurved with three sinuses from 4 to inner margin, preceded 
by the third dark band, which is separated from the second by 
an oblique pale band containing the dark cellspot; a white band 
with a black central thread follows the outer line; subterminal line 
white, interrupted, preceded on costa by a blackish patch; terminal 
area dark grey; a row of black terminal lunules; fringe mottled 
black and white. 

Hindwing: Grey with a white excurved outer line, and dark 
cellspot. 

Underside of forewing dark grey; the costa white with black 
spots ; costal part of outer line and of the praecostal blotch white ; 
hindwing white black-speckled; an inner and median dark line, and 
outer and subterminal waved and curved bands separated by a white 
band; black cellspots in both wings. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish speckled with dark. 

Expanse of wings: 18 mm. 

1 g from Saldanha Bay, Cape, October, 1912. (Péringuey.) 


Sus-Famity DEILINIINAE. 


Gren. ZAMARADA, Moore. 


31. ZAMARADA DECEPTRIX, spec. nov. 

Forewing: Hyaline whitish, with a faint greenish tinge; dusted 
and suffused with brown and blackish, except the space immediately 
preceding outer line; costa brown with darker striae; basal, inner 
marginal, and terminal areas brown; inner line black at 4+; a large 


486 Annals of the South African Musewn. 


oval black cellspot on discocellular, followed by a brown median 
shade, darkest on costa, widened and diffused below middle ; outer 
line at 2, black and slightly lunulate, bent outwards above vein 4 and 
forming a subquadrate sinus between 4 and 2; submarginal line 
black, zigzag from costa to vein 4, accompanied by black scales 
and deeper brown suffusion ; veins 2, 3, 4, and the median vein 
thickly black; a row of black terminal lunules ; fringe pale brown. 

Hindwing : With cloudy black base, a small dark celldot, with an 
obscure brown inner line below it to inner margin; the outer 
line as in forewing; the submarginal dentate lunulate through- 
out, but darker towards costa; median area slightly tinged with 
brownish. ji 

Underside whitish; costal and terminal areas dull ochreous 
blotched with fuscous brown, darkest in apical half; both wings 
with large black cellspot; costa of both wings with fuscous 
striae. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous speckled with brown ; basal 
segment of abdomen with a broad black belt; antennae black 
speckled with white. 

Expanse of wings: 28 mm. 

1 ¢ from Durban, Natal, September, 1587. (J. H. Bowker.) 


32. ZAMARADA METALLICATA, Spec. Nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 14.) 


Forewing: Hyaline whitish, densely striated throughout with dark, 
and tinged with bronzy fulvous along costa and inner margin, in 
basal area, and in the interval between outer and subterminal lines ; 
the median shade fulvous; a distinct black inner line; cellspot 
ocelloid, with thick black outline and faint metallic centre ; outer line 
black, shortly oblique outwards at costa, obliquely incurved beyond 
cell and forming a sinus outwards from 2 to 4, then straight to inner 
margin, edged outwardly by a broad lustrous leaden line ; subter- 
minal line metallic, waved, preceded by black sealing below costa and 
above inner margin, and followed by darker scaling on both folds ; 
an interrupted black terminal line; fringe leaden grey. 

Hindwing: With black blotch at base; median area whiter, 
especially in costal area; the rest as in forewing, but the sinus of 
outer line slighter, and a small black blotch only before subterminal 
line in cell fold; the cellspot black and round. 

Underside yellowish hyaline with greyish strigae ; terminal border 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 487 


in both wings broadly black brown; cellspots black, that of fore- 
wing large; costa of forewing yellow with black strigae. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous thickly speckled with black ; 
the segmental divisions of dorsum black. 

Expanse of wings: 22 mm. 

1 @ from M’fongosi, Zululand, October, 1911. (W. E. Jones.) 


Sus-Famity BISTONINAE. 


Grn. ILLA, gen. nov. 


Forewing: Narrow; costa somewhat shouldered at base and 
indented at middle; the apex bluntly prominent; termen curved, 
suberenulate ; inner margin straight. 

Hindwing ; With termen rounded, crenulate ; the inner margin 
with slight fold beneath, causing a curved ridge above and fringed 
with long hairs; cell in both wings more than half the length 
of wing. 

Forewing with the two halves of cell beneath filled with long silky 
hairs ; pectus and femora woolly ; hind tibiae greatly swollen ; all the 
tarsi short; palpi shortly rostrate, rough-haired; tongue absent ; 
antennae lamellate with short close curved teeth. Type Illa nefanda, 
spec. nov. 

Allied to Haggardia and Omphalucha. 


33. ILLA NEFANDA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 5.) 

Forewing : Grey with darker speckling, suffused nearly throughout 
with purplish fuscous; the grey basal area limited by a curved black 
line; outer line black, sinuate, subdenticulate above middle, concave 
outwards between veins 3 and 1, then shortly oblique inwards; a 
large dark cellspot; subterminal line crenulate, pale grey, preceded 
by a darker tint, running parallel to outer line and termen ; fringe 
concolorous. 

Hindwing: Pale grey, with base more ochreous and termen 
darker grey; a blackish dash at rise of veins 3, 4, and on vein 
2 below it. 

Underside of forewing pale slate grey ; the costa red mottled with 
yellowish spots and strigae; fringe slate grey, with the tips deep 
chocolate brown; hindwing grey dark-speckled, flushed with pale 


488 Annals of the South African Musewmn. 


brown as far as subterminal line ; both wings with outer line marked 
in black below costa and with slight cellspots. 

Head and thorax dark like forewings; dorsum not so dark ; fore 
and mid tibiae dark, hind tibiae glossy slate grey; all the tarsi dark 
with pale joints. 

Expanse of wings : 38 mm. 

1 3 from Cape Town, August, 1903. (Lightfoot.) Bred from 
larva. 


Susp-Famity ASCOTINAKE. 


Gren. MYRIOBLEPHARA, Warr. 


34. MyRIOBLEPHARA DECISA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 11.) 


Forewing : Whitish, tinged in places with pale brown and slightly 
speckled with dark atoms; the lines black and well marked, 
thickened at costa ; inner line projecting outwards in cell, vertical to 
vein 1, then inwardly oblique to inner margin, where it is preceded 
by a blotch of black scales; median outcurved in upper half, then 
incurved and marked by black vein spots; outer line outeurved to 
vein 6, then incurved parallel to median, minutely lunulate dentate, 
inangled on vein 1, along which it is connected by a fine black line 
with angle of inner line, then oblique outwards, followed by a pale, 
brown band, which is swollen into a double blackish blotch between 
veins 2 and 4; the interval between median and outer lines below 
subcostal vein white ; subterminal line pale, ill-defined, with a brown 
cloud on costa before it and the terminal area brownish beyond it, 
with a darker blotch beyond cell; black terminal spots large; 
fringe grey. 

Hindwing : With traces of blackish inner and outer lines on inner 
margin, the inner preceded by a grey line, the outer followed by a 
fine ochreous one, the whole wing grey-speckled. 

Underside ochreous speckled with brown ; costal areas yellowish ; 
the lines on forewing duller; hindwing with straight thick brown 
inner line, followed by a round black cellspot. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with yellow and 
speckled with black. 

Expanse of wings: 26 mm. 

1 3 without locality label. 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 489 


Sus-Famiry SHEMIOTHISINAE. 


Gren. TEPHRINA, Hbn. 


35, TEPHRINA CONFERTARIA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XLL., fig. 8.) 

Forewing : White sutfused with brownish grey and thickly striated 
with fuscous ; costa dotted white and blackish; inner and outer lines 
black, conversely white-edged; the inner strongly curved, black 
spotted on veins ; outer straight to vein 6, then incurved, the veins 
beyond it thickened with short black striae; subterminal line whitish, 
inflected on vein 5, above which it is preceded by a blackish cloud ; 
a blackish cellspot, traversed by an obscure sinuous median line; 
black terminal lunules; fringe brown with slight pale mottlings. 

Hindwing : Suffused with pale dull grey ; an outer and subterminal 
darker line; beyond the latter the terminal area is whiter; cellspot 
and terminal lunules black. 

Underside of forewing blurred grey, of hindwing white with grey 
speckles ; cellspots and outer and subterminal lines in both wings, 
but much clearer in hindwing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey brown. 

Expanse of wings : 27 mm. 

1 g from Montague Baths, Cape, November, 1902. (F. Purcell.) 


Gen. TEPHRINOPSIS, Warr. 


36. TEPHRINOPSIS BITAENIATA, Spec. nov. 

Forewing : White, thickly speckled with brown ; inner line obso- 
lete; a brown line or shade from below the black cellspot straight to 
inner margin ; a very indistinct outer line, fine and brown, oblique to 
vein 6, then inwardly oblique and often ill-marked; beyond it a 
brown submarginal shade, formed of dark lunules between the veins, 
slightly bent at vein 5, followed by a pale space without speckling ; 
a row of black dashes along termen between veins; fringe with two 
brown lines. 

Hindwing : Similar, but the median line complete; terminal line 
formed of lunules. 

Underside yellowish white ; the two bands brown and conspicuous ; 
the freekling brown. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen white speckled with brown. 

Expanse of wings : 29 mm. 

1 ? from M’fongosi, Zululand, December, 1911. (W. E. Jones ) 


490 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Gen. IDIOTEPHRA, Warr. 


37. IDIOTEPHRA SIMPLEX, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 2.) 


Superficially almost exactly like J. curvivena, the type of the genus, 
but the antennae of the g are not bipectinate, but bear pairs of 
pedicellate fascicles of cilia at right angles to the shaft ; and secondly; 
the neuration of the hindwing is perfectly simple, and no distortion 
of the veins is visible ; the present insect must therefore be placed in 
a second section of the genus, characterized by this difference in 
neuration and in the structure of the antennae of the g. The type 
of curvivena came from the R. Niger, and I have seen a second from 
the Gold Coast. The example of J. simplex is from Cape District, 
Kalk Bay, South Africa, captured in March, 1901, by R. Lightfoot. 
Besides the above-mentioned structural differences, J. simplex differs 
also in being somewhat larger, more densely speckled with dark 
atoms and with larger black cellspots ; the hindwing is grey-speckled 
throughout, whereas the basal 2 in cwrvivena is dull whitish and the 
terminal border dark. The lobe at anal angle of hindwing will at 


once separate curvivend. 


Gren. PETRODAVA, WIk. 


38. PETRODAVA ATRISIGNATA, Spec. Nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 4.) 

Forewing : Brownish olive, with a few dark transverse strigae ; 
costal edge whitish; a small black cellspot; a sinuous partially 
interrupted outer black line, plainest at each extremity; fringe 
concolorous. 

Hindwing : Paler, more yellowish olive, without the brown tinge ; 
a black cellspot and outer line, the latter only plain at extremities, 
followed at costa by two small brown-black blotches ; fringe brown- 
mottled. 

Underside yellowish olive, the strigae thicker and blacker ; costa 
whiter ; outer line black throughout, followed by slight grey scaling 
especially on inner margin of forewing and at costa of hindwing. 

Face, second and third segments of palpi, and antennal shaft 
white ; vertex and thorax concolorous with forewings, abdomen with 
hindwings ; legs white thickly freckled with black. 

Expanse of wings : 33 mm. 

1 3 from N’kandhla, Zululand, 1903. (W. E. Jones.) 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 491 


39. P. LEUCICOLOR, Butl., subsp. 
MUSCOSA, Subsp, nov. 


Differs from typical lewcicolor, Btlr., in the ground colour of both 
wings being pale moss green instead of saffron yellow, covered with 
short transverse olive fuscous and blackish striae ; the median and 
outer bands olive brown, 

Underside with the outer chainlike band red brown edged with 
dark brown, instead of bright rosy edged with carmine. 

1 g from M’fongosi, Zululand, April, 1911. (W. E. Jones.) 


Sus-Faminy SCOTOPTERYGINAE. 


Gen. CATASCIA, Hbn. 


40, CATASCIA APPROXIMANS, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLL, fig. 1.) 


Forewing: Brownish grey, with numerous dark transverse striae, 
thickest in the median area; the costa finely dotted with black ; 
inner and outer lines black; the inner, starting from a small black 
costal spot at +, is strongly and somewhat squarely excurved between 
subcostal and median veins, on the latter of which it is inwardly 
dentate, vertical to submedian fold, then oblique inwards; outer 
from 2 of costa is irregularly curved inwards and dentate-lunulate, 
approaching inner line on submedian fold; a black cellspot on a faint 
dark median shade; subterminal line not marked except by the 
denser striae of the terminal border. 

Hindwing: With the lines less marked, the median shade stronger. 

Underside whitish, striated with dark grey; both wings with strong 
black cellspots and crenulate black outer line, beyond which the dark 
striae are fewer; costa of forewing ochreous yellow with heavier 
dark striae. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. 

Expanse of wings: 42 mm. 

1 g§ from the Coast District, Natal, 1879. (W. D. Gooch.) 

Most probably a Catascia; but the antennae are entirely wanting. 


41. CATASCIA RENITENS, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 3.) 
Forewing: Pale greyish brown, suffused with dark grey to outer 
line; inner and outer lines black, lunuiate dentate; the inner 


492 Annals of the South African Museum. 


excurved above and below median vein; the outer curved mainly 
parallel to termen, the teeth black tipped with white, the line edged 
with white at costa and inner margin ; a large black cellspot ; beyond 
the outer line the dark grey suffusion extends triangularly to costa 
above vein 6; a slight brown crenulate terminal line; fringe with 
pale ochreous basal line and dark brown tips. 

Hindwing: Luteous whitish, minutely dark dusted, brownish 
ochreous along termen ; a dark cellspot and crenulate curved outer 
line; fringe dark grey. 

Underside pale shining yellowish grey, with minute dark dusting ; 
both wings with large black cellspots and black outer lines ; costa of 
forewing rufous. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark grey. 

Expanse of wings: 44 mm. 

1 2 from Seapoint, Cape Town, June, 1877. (R. Trimen.) 


Gren. DYSCIA, Hbn. 


42. DyYSCIA UNILINEATA, spec. nov. 


Forewing: Wood brown, tinged and heavily striated with blackish 
from base as far as submarginal line, which is lunulate outwards 
between the veins and indented on submedian fold, the lunules 
below middle and that between 6 and 7 blacker; a slight black cell- 
spot; terminal area and fringe paler, with fewer striae ; costa with 
distinct black striations. 

Hindwing: Paler, with fewer striae; a black cellspot; outer line 
marked by veindots only. 

Underside paler, the hindwing whitish and more distinctly speckled 
than the forewing, where the striae are confined chiefly to the costal 
area ; both wings with distinct black cellspots. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish speckled with dark. 

Expanse of wings: 44 mm. 

1 g from Cape Town, 1876. (C. A. Fairbridge.) 


Sus-Famiry FIDONIINAE. 


Gren. LOXOPORA, gen. nov. 
Tongue very slight; frons slightly rounded; palpi very short, 
porrect, not reaching in front of face; antennae of g with long 
slender fascicles of cilia; thorax and abdomen without crests; fore- 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 493 


wing elongate triangular; costa straight; apex prominent; termen 
oblique ; vein 6 of forewing from upper angle of cell; 7, 8, 9, 10 
stalked, but 9, 10 coincident; hindwing with costal approximated 
to subcostal for half of cell; veins 7 and 3 from before angle 
of cell. 

Type, L. dentilineata, spec. nov. 


43, LOXOPORA DENTILINEATA, spec. Noy. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 7.) 


Forewing : Pale ochreous, speckled finely with black, in basal area 
and along costa tinged with pale brown; inner line curved, marked 
by black spots on costal, subcostal, and median veins, and by a short 
oblique line at inner margin ; the outer line lunulate dentate, straight 
from beyond middle of inner margin to costa before apex, the lunules 
filled in with dark brown, the whole becoming faint before costa ; 
subterminal line marked by dark spots in the intervals; terminal 
spots large and black ; fringe ochreous ; cellspot black. 

Hindwing, with the lines much fainter ; the spots the same. 

Underside of forewing more discoloured with grey brown, the lines 
dull; of hindwing brighter, with the lines better marked. 

Head and thorax brownish ; abdomen ochreous sprinkled with dark 
atoms ; the first four dorsal segments with black saddle-shaped spots ; 
pectus, venter, and legs brownish-tinged. 

Expanse of wings: 33 mm. 

1 g from Cape Town, April, 1878. 


Gren. PERUSIOPSIS, gen. noy. 


Forewing : Costa curved; termen curved, with a slight elbow 
at vein 4. 

Hindwing with termen well rounded. 

Frons roundly protuberant; palpi short and thick, the terminal 
segment minute; antennae of ? thickened: cell of forewing longer 
than half; vein 3 well before end; discocellular concave outwards ; 
vein 6 from the depressed end of cell; 7, 8 stalked ; 9, 10 stalked, 
anastomosing with 11, then separating; costal and subcostal of hind- 
wing closely approximated for more than half of cell; vein 3 well 
before end of cell. 

Type, P. veninotata, spec. nov. 

The type species superficially resembles that of Loxopora, but the 
neuration is very distinct. 


494 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


44. PERUSIOPSIS VENINOTATA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 10.) 

Forewing : Pale straw-colour, slightly grey-speckled along costa ; 
inner line curved, marked only by brown dots on the subcostal, 
median, and submedian veins and smaller dots on costa and costal 
vein; outer line brown and nearly straight from just before apex to 
2 of inner margin, indistinctly dentate lunulate, the teeth marked by 
black points on the veins; a small brown cellspot; fringe pale 
brown. 

Hindwing: Faintly tinged with grey, especially terminally ; a very 
obscure straight outer line, slightly marked on the veins; fringe 
grey. 

Underside yellower; the costa of both wings with brown speck- 
ling ; outer line marked by vein dashes in both wings. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-colour; frons and prothorax 
slightly browned ; palpi and legs, except tarsi, brown. 

Expanse of wings: 28 mm. 

1 ? from Cape Town, September, 1891. (R. M. Lightfoot.) 


Gren. LIPOSCHEMA, gen. nov. 


Tongue present; palpi abraded; antennae subserrate with very 
long cilia ; forewing with cell half as long as wing; veins 7,8 stalked ; 
fo) ? to} fo) fo} 
9 and 10 missing; 11 running close to 12; hindwing with costal and 
oO? fo) oO 
subcostal anastomosing for half of cell; no radial. 
Type Liposchema bifasciata, spec. nov. 


45. LIpOSCHEMA BIFASCIATA, Spec. Nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 9.) 


Forewing: Ochreous whitish with a few dark speckles; the costa 
spotted with black; a diffuse interrupted line of black scales near 
base; a median black band, somewhat excurved in upper half, 
including a black cellspot; a black lunulate dentate subterminal line, 
insinuate on each fold, the sinus beyond cell preceded by a small 
fulvous patch ; black terminal spots ; fringe abraded. 

Hindwing : The same ; the inner margin black speckled. 

Underside like upper but duller. 

Head and thorax ochreous ; dorsum covered with blackish seales. 

Expanse of wings: 12 mm. 

1 ¢ from Barberton, Transvaal, October, 1911. (H. Edwards.) 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 495 
Grn. CHLORERYTHRA, Warr. 


46. CHLORERYTHRA CARNEA, Spec. Nov. 


Forewing : Ochreous, suffused with rather coarse pale flesh- 
coloured scales; inner and outer lines and the cellspot rather 
deeper ; inner line curved, very obscure, but marked by a small red 
spot on the veins; outer line thick, slightly sinuous, faintly bent 
outwards below costa and insinuate on submedian fold, edged by a 
paler line; fringe flesh-colour. 

Hindwing: Paler, with the outer line and some terminal shading 
flesh-colour. 

Underside paler, more glossy, with outer lines and cellspots 
marked. 

Head, antennae, thorax, abdomen above and beneath, and legs 
flesh-coloured. 

Expanse of wings: 36 mm. 

1 gf from Bushmanland. 


Sup-Famity ENNOMINAKE. 
Grex. PROCYPHIA, Warr: 


47. PROCYPHA LACTESIGNATA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 6.) 


Forewing: Pale flesh-colour ; the costa in basal half with a few 
greyish freckles; lines grey, very indistinct; the inner oblique 
inwards from median vein, apparently incurved above ; outer from a 
dark costal spot at 3, running outwards to vein 6, there bluntly 
angled and oblique inwards, approaching inner line on inner margin ; 
the enclosed area below median vein hyaline whitish with a few dark 
specks, veins 1, 2, and 3 dark-scaled across it; subterminal line indi- 
cated by some dark marks between veins, that between 6 and 7 being 
a hyaline whitish oval outlined with dark; fringe worn, apparently 
concolorous. 

Hindwing : Flesh-colour, dark-speckled at base. 

Underside brighter flesh-colour, with the specklings more numerous 
and blacker. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen flesh-colour; the patagia and pro- 
thorax paler. 

Expanse of wings: 40 mm. 

1 ? from Kowie, Cape, 1883. (Dr. Becker.) 


496 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Susp-Famity PROSOPOLOPHINAE. 


Gren. AGRAMMODES, Warr. 


48. AGRAMMODES MARGARITA, Spec. nov. 

Forewing : Pearly white ; the costal area faintly tinged with grey, 
leaving the veins pale; three bronzy olive streaks; the uppermost 
narrow from base along cell, terminating in a point on vein 7 at }; 
the middle one also from base, running at first narrowly along vein 1, 
then parallel to upper streak, bent upwards and broader from above 
anal angle to a point close below apex; the lowest quite narrow from 
apex parallel to termen, bent at anal angle along inner margin and 
broader, ending in a point at middle; a very fine dark terminal line 
preceded by a narrow grey stripe ; fringe grey with the base white. 

Hindwing : White, slightly grey tinged towards apex ; fringe white 
beyond a fine black terminal line. 

Underside white with markings of upper side showing through ; 
costa of forewing shaded with grey brown; hindwing peppered with 
black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish dusted with grey; the legs 
greyish ochreous. 

Expanse of wings : 32 mm. 

1 ¢ from Smithfield, Orange Free State, 1910. (Kannemeyer.) 


Gen. AXIODES, Feld. 


49. AXIODES BIPARTITA, Spec. nov. 


Forewing: Pale lavender grey, suffused from base to outer line, 
except along costa, with dull olive fuscous ; the costa with irregular 
dark striae; the pale terminal area with sparse black dusting, slightly 
brown-tinged along termen ; median vein and vein | reddish to outer 
line; inner line hardly visible, except as an oblique outward streak 
from costa; outer line oblique from costa close before apex to 3 of 
inner margin, sinuous, incurved at each fold, blackish edged with 
whitish ; cellspot black in a pale ring; the crenulate terminal line 
finely black; fringe grey. 

Hindwing : Pale grey tinged with darker, the veins dull reddish ; 
cellspot and a curved outer line dark. 

Underside grey, paler, more whitish, along inner margins; costa of 
forewing and costal veins of hindwing dull reddish; some black 
speckling along costal areas ; both wings with black cellspots. 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 497 


Head and thorax olive fuscous mixed with grey; the abdomen 
shining grey; pectus woolly, pinkish grey; legs dark with the 
joints pale. 

Expanse of wings: 34 mm. 

1 2 from Cape Town, 1911. (P. C. Keytel.) 


Gen. EULASIA, Warr. 


50. HKuLASIA VALIDA, spec. nov. 


Forewing: Pale canary yellow, sprinkled with fine black atoms ; 
the lines brown ; the inner straight and inwardly oblique; from $ of 
costa to + of inner margin; the outer also inwardly oblique, nearly 
straight, from a little before apex to } of inner margin; a large and 
conspicuous oval black-brown cellspot; fringe olive brown, darkening 
towards apex, above vein 6 preceded by a fine black line. 

Hindwing : With small black cellspot ; outer line brown, curved 
parallel to termen; fringe brown. 

Underside with the speckling coarser, darker, and denser; inner 
line of forewing hardly marked; outer lines thicker and stronger, 
that in forewing forked above vein 5; fringes brown tipped with 
vinous red. 

Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs yellow ; palpi deeper yellow ; legs 
and venter slightly black-speckled. 

Expanse of wings: 34 mm. 

1 @ from Barberton, Transvaal, May, 1911. (H. Edwards.) 


LISSODES, gen. nov. 


In general shape of wings and markings resembling Axtodes, Feld., 
but distinguished by the smooth scaling, the thorax, pectus, and 
femora likewise being wholly without the hairy vestiture of that 
genus ; fore cox in front with a thin ridge of scales; palpi short 
and stout, thickly scaled, the third segment not visible, whereas in 
Awiodes this segment is slender and conspicuous ; tongue present ; 
frons smooth; antennae of g bipectinate; thorax and abdomen of 
more slender build ; the neuration also differs ; the cell is longer than 
half of wing and the discocellular vertical; vein 2 at 2, 3 well before 
end of each cell; 5 from just above middle of discocellular, 6 from 
upper angle; 7 absent (coincident with 8); 8,9 stalked from just 
before end of cell; 10, 11 stalked, 10 anastomosing for a short 
distance with 8,9; in the hindwing the costal and subcostal are 


498 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


approximated for only 4 of cell; the discocellular is concave out- 
wards ; veins 3 and 7 well before angles of cell. 
Type : Lissodes strigifera, spec. nov. 


51. LIissODES STRIGIFERA, spec. nov. 

Forewing : Pale lavender grey, slightly speckled or striated with 
black ; the lines finely black; inner before 4, oblique outwards from 
costa and angled below subcostal, then oblique inwards with a small 
outward curve on submedian fold; outer line lunulate dentate, from 
2 of costa to 2 of inner margin, preceded by darker scaling, and 
joined below middle by a diffuse dark shade from below costa, 
embracing the small dark cellspot; submarginal line not visible 
except below middle, where it is preceded by a darker shading with 
lunulate outer edge, the lunule between veins 3 and 4 being con- 
spicuously blackened; fringe pale grey. 

Hindwing: Pale grey, especially towards base, with an outer 
lunulate dentate line preceded by a brownish suffusion, containing a 
dark cloud from inner margin, and crossed by broken black lines 
and striae; the terminal area with the striae less distinct. 

Underside of forewing pale grey below submedian fold, darker 
grey along termen, the rest of the wing, as far as outer line, washed 
with dull fulvous and marked by coarse blackish transverse striae ; 
hindwing white, thickly covered with grey and black striae; the 
veins fulvous. 

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen pale grey dusted with darker; frons 
brownish grey above, pale below; palpi fulvous mixed with black ; 
the ridge of scales on fore coxae fulvous ; pectus, venter, and legs 
pale grey. 

Expanse of wings: 34 mm. 

1 $ from Cape Town, 1911. (P. C. Keytel.) 


STENOPTILOTIS, gen. nov. 

Forewing : Klongate-triangular; costa faintly sinuous, indented 
beyond middle ; termen obliquely curved, as long as inner margin 
which is somewhat convex. 

Hindwing : Narrow and elongate, twice as long as wide; inner 
margin very short ; termen from anal angle to vein 4 parallel to costa, 
thence rounded, emarginate throughout, the anal angle slightly 
lobed. Palpi short, the second segment triangular, the third minute ; 
tongue present; antennae of ? bipectinate. 

Neuration ; Forewing, cell longer than half of wing ; discocellular 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 499 


vertical, concave outwards; vein 2 at +, 3 close before 4; lower 
radial from a little above middle of discocellular, upper from upper 
angle of cell; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked from the angle, 10 and 11 stalked 
from +; 10 all but touching but not really anastomosing with 8, 9 ; 
hindwing with costal and subcostal closely approximated for } of 
cell ; discocellular inangulated ; vein 2 at $, 3 at 2. 

Type: Stenoptilotis eupitheciata, spec. nov. 


52. STENOPTILOTIS EUPITHECIATA, Spec. noy. 


Forewing : Reddish fawn colour; the central area dark and pale 
cinereous ; costa paler and striated with dark, especially along the 
erey central area; inner line from 4 of costa, excurved to median 
vein, then sharply inbent to submedian fold near base, thence sinuate 
inwards; outer line from 2 of costa to middle of inner margin, 
curved parallel to termen; lunulate dentate, blackish finely edged 
with whitish; the central area is much constricted at submedian 
fold; cellspot black, elongate ; a narrow grey band along termen 
with the veins across it reddish fawn colour; fringe iron-grey 
mixed with fawn colour beyond veins. 

Hindwing : Fawn colour mixed with grey, with traces of a greyer 
central fascia below median, edged by dark lines ; cellspot black ; 
fringe as in forewing. Underside like upper, but the markings 
blurred ; costa of both wings strongly black-speckled. 

Palpi, frons, thorax, and abdomen fawn colour; vertex and 
tegulae grey; third and fourth segments of dorsum with a double 
black mark, separated by a black ring. 

Expanse of wings: 31 mm. 

1 ? from Smithfield, Orange Free State, 1910. (Kannemeyer.) 


Famity PYRALIDIDAE. 
Sus-Fammy CRAMBINAE. 


Gen. PLATYTES, Guen. 


53, PLATYTES AURIPLUMBEA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 16.) 
Forewing: Dull golden yellow; the lines metallic lead colour, 
formed of oblong blotches between the veins; inner line of three 


blotches, the middle one joined by a leaden streak from base along 
37 


500 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


median vein, the lowest by a downcurved streak from base to inner 
margin ; the costa narrowly leaden in basal third ; median line of 
four blotches, two in cell, the third at base of vein 2, the fourth on 
vein 1; above the cell is a narrow linear subcostal mark ; cellspot 
black, of slightly raised scales, followed by two or three irregular 
leaden blotches; outer line outcurved above, incurved below vein 3, 
of nine blotches ; subterminal line formed of coalescent spots from 
below apex ; fringe lead colour; costa towards apex splashed with 
leaden black. 

Hindwing: Leaden fuscous, paler towards costa, with obscure 
darker outer and subterminal band; extreme termen and base of 
fringe yellow; tips of fringe leaden. 

Underside dark leaden fuscous on a yellow ground ; termen and 
base of fringe yellow; forewing with black cellspot and whitish 
inner margin. 

Head, palpi, shoulders, patagia, metathorax, and anal segment of 
abdomen yellow ; thorax and dorsum leaden black ; antennae black. 

Expanse of wings: 16 mm. 

1 ? from Johannesburg, Transvaal, January, 1912. (H. Feltham.) 

Several examples from the same locality in the British Museum 
Collection. 


Sus-Faminry PHYCITINAE. 


Gen. EMATHEUDES, Zell. 


54. EMATHEUDES QUINQUEPUNCTELLA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 17.) 


Forewing : Pale straw-colour, the costa deeper yellow ; inner line 
represented by two black dots on median vein and vein 1, obliquely 
placed ; the outer also by two rather larger ones at upper and lower 
end of discocellular; sometimes a very minute point on subcostal 
vein also in inner line; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing: White, with veins and terminal line dark ; fringe 
white, towards apex yellowish. 

Underside of forewing suffused with fuscous, except termen and 
fringe, both of which remain pure yellow; of hindwing white with 
costa yellowish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen above and below, also the legs yellow ; 
forelegs fuscous. 

Expanse of wings: 20 mm. 

2 $$ from M’fongosi, Zululand, March, 1911. (W. EH. Jones.) 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 501 


Gen. ANCYLOSIS, Zell. 


55. ANCYLOSIS INANGULELLA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 25.) 
ab. RUFITINCTA, ab. nov. 


Forewing: Pale ochreous tinged with grey and fuscous; the inner 
and outer lines pale ; the inner externally at costa and on both sides 
towards inner margin edged thickly with black; the outer preceded 
by black and deeply inangled beyond cell; the area between the 
lines, especially at costa, suffused with fuscous except in cell and, 
more broadly, in submedian fold; a black cellspot; a diffuse 
dark sub-terminal cloud, and blackish terminal line ; fringe shining 
grey. 

- Hindwing: Pale grey with dark terminal line. 

Underside of forewing dark grey, of hindwing paler. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey; the head and thorax slightly 
rufous-tinged. 

Expanse of wings: 20 mm. 

1 g$ from Smithfield, Orange Free State, 1910. (Kannemeyer.) 

A second 3g, from the same locality, smaller, with the forewing 
suffused throughout with rufous, and with no fuscous shading, may 
be separated as ab. rufitincta, ab. nov. 


Gen. BREPHIA, Hein. 


56. BREPHIA INCONGRUELLA, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 21.) 


Forewing: Pale grey, speckled with darker; basal area white ; 
inner line black, interrupted in cell, preceded by a white line, which 
towards inner margin is itself preceded by black scaling; outer line, 
quite near termen, black outwardly white-edged, indented on both 
folds, followed by an ill-defined subterminal cloud; termen grey 
with a black terminal line; median vein white to beyond cell; a 
black dash at each end of the discocellular; the median area darker 
grey than the rest of wing. 

Hindwing : Greyish white. 

Underside of forewing dull grey, of hindwing whitish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey. 

Expanse of wings: 18 mm. 

1 g without exact locality, from the Cape. 


502 Annals of the South African Musewm. 


Gren. HOMOEOSOMA, Curt. 


57. HOMOEOSOMA ANGULILINEA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XLL., fig. 20.) 


Forewing: Pale overspread with grey brown and in places thickly 
dark-speckled ; the costa diffusely pale between the lines; inner line 
white, outcurved at costa, obsolete in middle, straight and inwardly 
oblique from submedian vein to inner margin; outer line white 
sharply angled outwards on vein 6 and oblique inwards, preceded by 
a thick brown shade which thins out at inner margin; cell whiter 
with thick dark speckling, followed by a dark brown spot; another 
spot, less prominent in submedian fold below base of vein 2. 

Hindwing: Whitish; the fringe white. 

Underside glossy, of forewing grey, of hindwing white. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey; the venter dark brown. 

Expanse of wings: 26 mm. 


1 g from Dunbrody, Cape. (Father J. O'Neil.) 


Gen. HETEROGRAPHIS, Rag. 


58. HETEROGRAPHIS ALBIPUNCTELLA, Spec. NOV. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 23.) 

Forewing: Olive greenish; the costal area speckled with dark ; 
crossed by four rose-red bands, the first and second oblique outwards, 
the third and fourth oblique inwards; the first broad and nearly 
touching base at costa, the second outwardly diffuse; the third and 
fourth united along costa and inner margin; fringe rosy; the third 
is preceded in cell by a distinct white spot. 

Hindwing: Glossy fuscous; fringe fuscous with pale line at base. 

Underside bronzy fuscous. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale olive, with glossy metallic scales. 

Expanse of wings: 11 mm. 

1 ¢ from M’fongosi, Zululand, January, 1912. (W. H. Jones.) 


Sus-Faminy PYRALIDINAH. 
Gen. PYRALIS, Linn. 


59. PYRALIS DENTIBASALIS, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLL., fig. 24.) 


Like P. basalis, Wlk., with which it is easily confused; on the 
average rather larger; generally with a reddish brown flush along 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 503 


submedian fold; basal area larger and paler, limited by a pale out- 
wardly dark-edged line, which is strongly angled outwards above 
and below vein 1, the angles followed by wedge-shaped black marks ; 
a black line in basal half of cell, often continued beyond reniform 
stigma to outer line; the reniform with a pale spot before and 
beyond it; veins usually defined by black; costa more distinctly 
spotted black and ochreous; in other respects like basalts. 

Occurs in several localities in South Africa; the type, a ? from 
Smithfield, Orange Free State, 1910. (Kannemeyer.) 


60. PyRALIS EFFULGENS, spec. nov. 

Forewing: Brownish fulvous; the basal and terminal areas deep 
red brown; costa dark brown with 8 pairs of yellowish dots, each 
pair with a red dot at centre ; basal area limited by a silvery white 
line, oblique inwards at 4 from subcostal vein, where it is inbent to 
costa at the fifth pair of dots; outer line finely yellow edged with 
black seales, from 3 of costa to close before anal angle, outcurved 
from vein 8 to submedian fold; a row of black lunules along termen ; 
fringe with a fine pale basal line, the basal third iron-grey, the outer 
two-thirds dark grey, except between apex and vein 4, where they 
are yellow. 

Hindwing : Dark grey, with two white lines converging towards 
inner margin above anal angle, conversely edged with blacker grey, 
and containing a pale yellowish space towards costa; fringe as in 
forewings. 

Underside of forewing blackish grey mixed with reddish, reddish 
along costa, where the 8 pairs of yellowish dots form 8 semicircles ; 
outer line alone distinct, edged with blackish, and bright yellow 
above middle; hindwing reddish, with two broad black bands, 
antemedian and postmedian, the latter edged with yellowish; both 
wings with the terminal black spots strongly marked. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen dull fulvous red; the third segment 
of dorsum with a black belt. 

Expanse of wings: 15 mm. 

1 ? from M’fongosi, Zululand, April, 1911. (W. E. Jones.) 


Gen. BOSTRA,. WIk. 


61. BosTRA FLAVICOSTALIS, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 22.) 


Forewing: Yellow, suffused with reddish fulvous, becoming 
brownish fuscous at termen; the inner margin remains diffusely 


504 Annals of the South African Museum. 


yellowish, and the costal area above subcostal vein between the 
lines concisely yellow; lines slightly darker, but indistinct; the 
inner outcurved at costa and oblique outwards, the outer incurved 
at costa and sinuous inwards; both plainer at inner margin where 
they approximate to each other; cellspot blackish; terminal line 
and fringe blackish. 

Hindwing : Gilded yellow, deeper along termen; terminal line 
black, the fringe whitish. 

Underside brighter and deeper yellow; the costal areas fulvous 
orange; apex of forewing speckled with blackish, of hindwing 
sparingly with brown ; terminal lines and fringes blackish ; cellspot 
of forewing, and outer line of both wings towards costa indicated. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish yellow; palpi fulvous brown ; 
venter and legs greyish fulvous brown. 

Expanse of wings: 33 mm. 

1 ? from Knysna, Cape, October, 1858. 

Closely allied to B. rufimarginata, Hmps. 


62. BostTRA CARNICOLOR, spec. noy. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 19.) 

Forewing : Deep flesh-colour ; the median area slightly darker ; 
outer line at 2, starting from a deeper costal spot and incurved 
parallel to termen; the inner line at 4, visible only below middle, 
running parallel to outer; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing : Rather paler. 

Underside deeper red. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen above and beneath concolorous. 

Expanse of wings: 30 mm. 

1 ? from Durban, Natal, February 1894. (Butler.) 


Gen. CONSTANTIA, Rag. 


63. CONSTANTIA PALLIDICARNEA, Spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 15.) 

Forewing: Pale pink, the terminal area mixed with yellowish ; 
inner line pale yellow, outwardly oblique; outer line deeper pink, 
edged with shining white, oblique and straight from costa before 
apex to vein 6, then irregular and slightly projecting to vein 3, 
where it is curved inwards to below end of cell and again oblique 
to inner margin; termen, especially at apex, flushed with pink; 
fringe yellow. 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 505 


Hindwing: Pale yellow; fringe the same. 

Underside pale yellow, the forewing flushed with dull pink. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen, which is greased, yellowish; the 
prothorax and tips of patagia pinkish; palpi yellow. 

Expanse of wings : 28 mm. 

1? from Bushmanland, Henkries, Cape, October, 1911. (Lightfoot.) 


64. CONSTANTIA GRISESCENS, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 18.) 

Forewing: Pale grey, speckled with dark grey, the wide median 
area darker grey; inner line blackish grey, oblique outwards to 
submedian fold, then inwards, preceded by a diffuse pale band; 
outer line slightly dentate lunulate, slightly projecting from vein 6 
to 3, then incurved to below end of cell and dentate outwards on 
vein 1, followed by a pale line; fringe grey. 

Hindwing : Whitish grey, the terminal area beyond a faint dark 
line somewhat paler. 

Underside dull whitish ; the costal area of forewing grey. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey; face and two basal seg- 
ments of dorsum whitish ; palpi grey externally, white internally. 

Expanse of wings: 24 mm. 

2 ?@ from Bushmanland, Henkries, Cape, October, 1911. 
(Lightfoot.) 

Gen. GLYPHODES, Guen. 
65, GLYPHODES ANGUSTIMARGO, spec. nov. 

Intermediate between G. elealis, Wlk., and G. stenocraspis, Btlr. ; 
pearly white; the costal streak black brown, narrow at base and 
widening outwards; the round black orbicular stigma and the larger 
reniform lying on its lower edge; termen black brown, its inner edge 
straight; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing : White, with the fringe and narrow terminal border 
brown black. 

Underside, with the dark borders duller; the costal streak narrow 
to beyond middle. 

Face and palpi black brown; tongue in front broadly white ; 
vertex, thorax, and abdomen white; dorsum with 3 pale-brown 
saddles ; the penultimate segment fuscous; the anal segment and 
tuft deep black; venter and legs white; the knees black brown; 
antennae white. 

Expanse of wings: 32 mm. 

1 ¢ from Barberton, Transvaal, May, 1911. (H. Edwards.) 


506 Annals of the South African Museum. 


Faminy HEPIALIDAE. 


Grn. GORGOPIS, Hiibn. 


66. GORGOPIS OLIVACEONOTATA, Spec. NOV. 
(Plate XLL., fig. 28.) 


Forewing: Pale grey, marked with rows of olive-brown lunules ; 
costa with a brown white-edged streak at base; then with black 
subcostal dashes; a dark brown wedge-shaped mark at base of 
submedian fold, another at base of cell, and a round spot in fold 
below it; two obliquely placed contiguous olive-brown spots at 
middle of cell, joining on to an incurved brown mark in the fold; 
the cell and fold between these spots white ; a dark lunule in upper 
part of cell beyond, and two olive-brown spots at the end, followed 
by three white blotches coalescing into an oblique streak and then 
by the outer line formed of five brown contiguous blotches from 
vein 5 to inner margin, a brown spot on vein 6 with another above 
it and beyond, and an oblong costal blotch marked on costa by a 
white spot; subterminal line formed of brown blotches, coalescing 
from costa to vein 6, and followed above vein 4 by white spots ; 
below vein 1 there are two or three olive-yellow round spots with 
white scaling interspersed; pairs of short dark dashes at end of 
veins ; fringe shining pale grey with dark basal and middle lines. 

Hindwing: Dull olive grey; the costa at apex with two round 
brown spots. 

Underside shining olive grey; the costa of forewing pale grey 
with dark brown spots at intervals. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive brown and pale grey intermixed ; 
the antennae dark brown ; patagia and shoulders marked with whitish 
hairs. 

Expanse of wings : 32 mm. 

1 g from Mowbray, Cape Town. (Miss Lloyd.) 


67. GORGOPIS ALBIPLUMIS, spec. nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 27.) 

Forewing: Pale sparsely clothed with olive-grey or olive-brown 
scales; these are thickest and darkest along costa and cell; this 
darker area is limited by a diffuse pale space running obliquely from 
inner margin near base to apex, beyond which there are seen three 
ill-defined rows of dark blotches between the veins separated by pale 


New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera. 507 


intervals; veins finely dark; a thick dark terminal line, with glossy 
grey fringe beyond. 

Hindwing: Dark olive grey; fringe and terminal line as in 
forewings. 

Underside uniform olive grey, the white marks of forewing 
showing through. 

Head, thorax, and forelegs dark brown; abdomen grey brown, 
darker on underside. 

Expanse of wings: 30 mm. 

1 g from ‘‘ Mossel Bay Division,’ Cape. 


68. GORGOPIS INTERVALLATA, spec. Noy. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 29.) 

Forewing: White, semihyaline, marked longitudinally with olive 
brown ; all the veins finely dark brown; costa olive brown, more 
broadly in basal half; a slight brown cloud along cell fold touching 
a brown spot at end of cell; broad brown clouding along each vein, 
especially at inner margin, from base to termen, narrowing and 
forming an oblique shade from apex; before this veins 6, 7, 8 and 
9 are thickened with elliptic brown streaks; fringe brown with 
white tips. 

Hindwing: White, with brown veins and slight grey-brown 
suffusion, which is deeper along apex and termen. 

Underside olive grey brown, the pale spaces only grey. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive brown ; the sides of patagia and 
basal segments of dorsum with white hairs. 

Expanse of wings: 32 mm. 

1 g from Fraserburg, Cape, April, 1885. (HE. 8S. Alston. 


69. GORGOPIS PLURIMACULATA, spec, nov. 
(Plate XLI., fig. 26.) 

Forewing : Dull brownish grey with some ill-defined black speck- 
ling ; the costa marked with black pale-edged spots; inner margin 
below submedian fold paler grey, apparently without markings ; 
basal two-thirds of wing darker speckled than the rest, limited by an 
obliquely incurved outer line starting from a black costal spot, which 
is followed by a subquadrate yellowish white patch on costa; a larger 
black spot on costa beyond it, bent out into a dash on vein 8, and 
apparently connected with an obliquely incurved darker band from 
below apex to inner margin with its edges irregular and marked by 

38 


-508 Annals of the South African Museum. 


blackish blotches in the intervals; terminal area dark inwardly 
defined by black spots. 

Hindwing: Dull fuscous; the costa with some black marks. 

Underside grey brown with a rufous tinge ; the costa of forewing 
mottled grey and dark. 

Head and thorax dark blackish brown; abdomen fuscous. 

Expanse of wings: 38mm. 

1 3 without locality, taken in 1899 by Miss Wilman George. 

The type is much worn, and the description consequently somewhat 
inexact. 


(509 ) 


INDEX. 
A D 
PAGE PAGE 
ACT OD CU aawicucessccsseciescceneserscesecs 471  deceptrix (Zamarada) ..............066 485 
NGRONY ORIDAR qossiocleasienicecienecectnee 467  decisa (Myrioblephara) ............... 488 
PAIGRONWOMINAM etc scemsscecseeceeesee meric: AGT. (DEXUINTINAE "scessdeceecstneese bees asorese 485 
PAGHAMIMOUCS aslecoeceseaseasaceestensinoctess 496 dentibasalis (Pyralis) ..............000 502 
albiapicata (Centrarthra) ............ 475 dentilineata (Loxopora) ............... 493 
albigrisea (Penisa) .........ccs.seeee-e 477 deprivata (Plecopterodes) ............ 480 
albiplumis (Gorgopis) ..........00...++8 506 ~— discata ab. (Synelys) .............00006 484 
albipunctella (Heterographis) ...... 502  dyschlorata (Campsiceras) ............ 483 
albivenata (Euonychodes) ............ ASIN JOBE? cogncocootoopaccdopoocandcncadaogqns 492 
AMIPHIPVIRIN ATH! (si ecivicscisedtns\eissiesionstens 470 
AUREOUITSIB. -cascdocepoodbag waccouosoodag acc 501 E 
< rulili 502 2 A . 
angulilinea (Homoeosoma)............ 502 eiulvene (Pyrulis eee ee 503 
angustimargo (Glyphodes)............ 505 e 
; : BMACRCUAES a seceseserecdadseseceeaesesee 500 
approximans (Catascia) ............. 491 2 Ns 
METRES “Gagcsoossccoqnndencaeoune.06000 484 
argentea (Centrarthra) ............... 476 : = 
: HJNNOMINAB secaceecssceeseeeasenecsescets 495 
INSCOMINATE sa cescccisaWeisssiee ss seljesiecemiet ses 488 
oe HRASTRIANAH pascescenseceassennecteoaerecs 477 
atrisignata (Petrodava) ............... 490 = 3 
he H/ULASION cece scenncstrenettcecten eceanescoes 497 
auriplumbea (Platytes) ............... 499 7 Woden 480 
danas 496 ELUONYCROMES....ccereisscsveessrrsoscoesee : 
PAR LOC Commrtietanacsiodiassteteiiese cr erases cists : eupitheciata (Stenoptilotis) ......... 499 
TORAH an ganbccooaancogs dnd N50 3036000 479 
B HUTELIANAE sos. jevcecetectes eden sneseer 479 
bifasciata (Liposchema) A AE aa ae 494 OTE) Bie eocinariceecn Oct nocd sacbocusaudaonn 468 
bigeminata, ab. rufifimbria (Km- BV UXOINAE! (occ cscddiedscacesesostercesieancce 468 
asW NGI}, neoono asAGcoR>oogoOEceGeHaEnOCHOABE 484  eviscerata (Perizoma) ....... paseosesaes 485 
bipartita (Axiodes) ............scceeseee 496 
SISTONINAW Messe nesclisiiesiisescincisc sles 487 F 
bitaeniata (Tephrinopsis) ............ £89" “WIMONTINAWENeteeere eee eee ee 492 
Bostra saelirissiels seca sieinuiseasc sue'spesccas 503 favicostalis (Bostra) ct. eanernte 503 
J 3) }CDIOUG pop opoveecoodoobdaagESdanscheEsedac 501 tulvigrisea (Hutelia)\smsce crete 479 
brunnea (Centrarthra)................. 474 — fulvilinea (Sterrha) ...... ..c.ceeeeee 483 
DLUNNeA (Tamb1A) o. 0.16 -.0.--s0rew accor 470 — fulvinotata (Centrarthra) ............ 475 
fulvitincta (Centrarthra)............... 472 
C 
CONUDSUCENUStenrandovcesehe ne eesencecsnne 482 G 
earnea (Chlorerythra) ..............0... 495 489 
carnicolor ((Bostra)) ...25..00-...0...-s-- 604 | GROMEnRIDAN I gy ih ak ae E 
Gatasci GROMETRINAH sieneeeeeeseeeeeeree ese esan 482 
MUBIEXCUB iocoopaencusee Jadanon seon000dgEndGed 491 BOS 
CATOCATINAE oscddecdoscnasnstoeedsessecses 480 Glyphodes pede Pie aa ag? Ns = 
GEDUERTAUIRG: ob kenarpaosscos doo ood scE00dse™ 471 Song Onss a re OOS ee oe eee tar 506 
(CDUOICLFIIELUIR@ cemppanocane Soc ccconocoCero cae 495, STScscens i ete 
CHUSATIST Becaaneccevescesseasse cesses 482 
confertaria (Tephrina)................+. 489 ; H 
GONSEANMUA a Joncm sun staee sen ssneses sees se 0049) | HEPIATIDAR) eecpeccceerecceesecerepreteicc « 506 
cContingens) (HUX0a)| cock .scsssees.eagtee AGST  LHCCETOGTADIUS ar corneccaceosseseces tae 502 
CRAMBINAT seccecess-ceeccecscsecerenesscse AD ON ELOMOCOSOMG wenavsniecceerieesaesetaanes 502 
cretacea (Centrarthra) .............4 A713) ) SLYDRIOMENTINARY (eseccceeseeriencesseeerie 485 
CUCULUTANAE hccctasscosseesscercnceets ves 469° Eq pentnues. ccc .sessscscees dosserconmeeacee 481 


510 
I PAGE 
TIC BULTC ee Cacepencoebe co: Gaoodc oon ddoBeds0o00C 470 
IGROH OIE Sace6npo5080000 conDSbRNaraAOCO0NC 490 
DG ere tr aatodaoton oragoocscodpcaacousedn 487 
illimitata-(Ozarbai)! W......0.-..5--2000 478 
inangulella (Ancylosis) ............46 501 
incongruella (Brephia) ............... 501 
inoffensa ab, rubida (Palaeas- 
PBI S| cate Senacbrisnacaadaacooascsn de 484 
intervallata (Gorgopis) ...........2++ 507 
lactesignata (Procypha) ............... 495 
leucicolor, subsp. muscosa (Petro- 
GIRINE!)) cononncadeocdoncasoooncadogncaeqaEce 491 
NEPOSCHEMO Tancesen dros elesecteeiece sia 494 
IGPESOCY OB ercbaensdcoobacdndconcCooas080C8 Bec 497 
WG OLOPONG “sacaorvsseconesesetesecsssseevens 492 
M 
margarita (Agrammodes) ............ 496 
melliflua, ab. discata (Synelys) ...... 484 
metallicata (Zamarada) ........00.+0. 486 
moderata, ab subflava (Plecopter- 
OGMES) iradccccecoucvedessnenscecs tansedtarces 481 
muscosa, subsp. (Petrodava).......... 491 
MU TODLEDNONG 04s savcensvece-eiiera secre 488 
N 
AN HERREET,aceenccobccqo0T Go pEOGeCoODSN OOK 481 
mefantd a) (lbs) eecccsecereneacineseecieterser 487 
NOCTUIDAM Stet aeactetsossesseseerocceete ss 468 
O 
olivaceonotata (Gorgopis) ........... « 506 
ossicolor (Centrarthra) ............... 471 
ovaliplaga (Naarda)..............s.ce00 481 
Ozarda ..,06 alee! solefeislofela(ate sierasfers eimai treet 477 
12 
Wal@eas pilates meccdeaseeercecceee secre 484 
pallescens (Centrarthra) ............... 474 
palliata (Rhizotype)................0000 469 
pallidicarnea (Constantia) ............ 504 
I Re POSES 35 Sono gas cooodo eon 000 DCdEGeon CoOL 477 
eniZ OMG wenewaevowcceeceocteeeeecct esses 485 
PEVUSLOPSIS. ~s.02 scx seneniseackeConemccetes 493 
Petr Od AVG cemroaocrtate corecereaescseeeee: 490 
PHYCITINAR + wee s.stervseneveeeweessnceese 500 


Index. 


PAGE 
1 QUITS conc acnnonsogacm casHeddode6a000000 499 
IBlecoptenod eseaseesececeeeen eee cesses 481 
Plurimaculata (Gorgopis) ............ 507 
IPROCUPNA. seeeanccenensostese reese seesees 495, 
PROSOPOLOPHINA) tcnsececesceensesteneer 496 
ER AUIDID AM tee esseceece cesta aeeecans 499 
PY RALTIDINAM Peet oncccecerscceesrceersact as 502 
1 CCS ceniscodbaoseddocor aseaugesenbooada 502 
Q 
quinquepunctella (Ematheudes) ... 500: 
ee 
VES1A (OZATDA))erceececseseweeessweeceoseee 477 
renitens (Catascia) ..........c0l..eeeeee 491 
RRIZOVY PCteacsaneoee reese races eeectees 469 
FYRODOCOMNACTIC Ma rest-enacteaas ssc sence 478 
roseofusca (Rhodotarache)............ 478 
rubida ab. (Palaeaspilates)............ 484 
rufifimbria ab. (Emmiltis) ............ 484 
8. 
SCOTOPTERYGINAE ........ccecccesesseenes 491 
SEMILOMAISUNAM) vepice hence fesiccesessislas 489 
simplex (Idiotephra) ........2......00 490: 
SOLGIG ai (MUxOa))|\eeosresca-esseoes- cere 469 
SLENOPULOLIS) cence sas-ee ten secese ce ences 498 
ISLCRTNG: Covesveres escsesec-cciasessaecesees 483 
STERRHINAM) ..csceaccesscseseecceyeseees 483 
strigifera (Lissodes)................00+0- 498 
subflava ab. (Plecopterodes) ......... 481 
ISUMELYS ere ocistens ceaseciieesecesesesees aa 484 
dy 
MCVNTING mesccccteseseesevenscercctnesees 489 
TP NTINOPS1S) sesecceesscesenccccceegecscese 489: 
TRGUGONGY ore eraccteeonens seeeenoeesnaaects 467 
tristrigata (Acrapex) .......0......s00 471 
U 
unilineata (Dyscia) .........ececessrssee 492 
v 
valida (Hulasia) .....cscecsesesceeecsers 497 
varicolor (Thalatha) ...............06. 467 
venata (Chusaris).........:....seeeeeeere 482 
veninotata (Perusiopsis) ...........66. 494 
Z 
PACER ROKEKE, Goce secadob00e00G8005865000 505000 485- 


—- a 1 a i 
v ye a ey cs ‘ y 
‘ aA a, b. _ - ; 
- 7 wy . : - aa 
i D - 7 : Cs ‘ 
: a 
Ps. _ a ‘ ‘u on ’ 
* . _ = 17 
7 7 ou ns 7 7] - ye 
ne Wi oa 7 . 
- v 7 n ee 
7 oe 7 2 ’ a) 7 
> q | 
7 0 1 in 7 i : te =4f 
: 7 ’ ye P ' : i 5 
7 5 ’ 
A 2 ote : — a te oF 
7 i 7. ‘ a < 8 7 om 
7) = 
i a“ ” —_— I 
| P ron . ola 
¥ nf 7 ’ 4 oe =F 
ro 7 = = 
7 
a a6 an = 
_ : 
: : 
7% a 
a 
FT 
: ¥ + 
1 


: 7 7 
ts 
a e ihe 7: 
cy ug, i! Hie 
an : Prat, fra! 
wt a an A 
moe” ven 
oie Pn enon ae: 
7 we » as et. : “4 
/ 
aM iy 7 
- F i 
: ‘a ne 
S Z . = 7 : 7 
7. "1 
" a -_= : ev 
, i , = 
; n : w ” : te 4] 
: = _ 18 7 ' 7 W 7 
= - ; 7 


* 


e ive 
ae 7 eo § F op 
- i - , rr — . 
i 7 : 7 
: ; = a 7 “ oo 
4 - : 
_ ® 7 _ ' Ms f a _ ~ ‘ Wy 7 s. ; _ 
a Twat ‘ - - . & 
r ’ i; t : i ¢ 
i) PP 
7 i ey ra) 
a 7 - t - : a oe 
= Se 7 1 : = 
ee 
~ : - - 7 - oe > ey : 
’ a 7 = 
- ' : i’ 7 7 


noe 


OOM OR & 


. Euxoa sordida. 
. Rhizotype palliata. 


Euxoa contingens. 


. Centrarthra fulvinotata. 
. Centrarthra argentea. 

. Centrarthra albiapicata. 
. Centrarthra brunnea. 

. Centrarthra pallescens. 
. Centrarthra fulvitincta. 
. Centrarthra ossicolor. 

. Centrarthra cretacea. 

. Thalatha varicolor. 


PLATE XL. 


13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
Wie 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 


Iambia brunnea. 
Euonychodes albivenata. 
Plecopterodes deprivata. 
Kutelia fulvigrisea. 
Rhodotarache roseofusca. 
Acrapex tristrigata. 
Naarda ovaliplaga. 
Ozarba regia. 

Penisa albigrisea. 
Chusaris venata. 

Ozarba illimitata. 


| Ann .S.Afr.Mus.Vol. X. Plate 2h, 


‘i 
J 


Horace Kr 


SOU 


ae ee AKT ATAMmIe 
SOUTH AFRICAN MOTHS. 


| 
| 
| 
/ 


OCOMDNOAIKhWNH 


PRP ere ee 
oF wn —& © 


. Catascia approximans. 
. Idiotephra simplex. 

. Catascia renitens. 

. Petrodava atrisignata. 
. Illa nefanda. 

. Procypha lactesignata. 
. Loxopora dentilineata. 
. Tephrina confertaria. 

. Liposchema bifasciata. 
. Perusiopsis veninotata. 
. Myrioblephara decisa. 
. Perizoma eviscerata. 

. Sterrha fulvilinea. 

. Zamarada metallicata. 
. Constantia pallidicarnea. 


PLATE - XBT. 


16. 
Wie 
. Constantia grisescens. 

. Bostra carnicolor. 

. Homoeosoma angulilinea. 

. Brephia incongruella. 

. Bostra flavicostalis. 

. Heterographis albipunctella. 
. Pyralis dentibasalis. 

. Ancylosis inangulella. 

. Gorgopis plurimaculata. 

. Gorgopis albiplumis. 

. Gorgopis olivaceonotata. 

. Gorgopis intervallata. 


Platytes auriplumbea. 
Ematheudes quinquepunctella. 


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ANNALS 


“SOUTH AFRICAN - MUSEUM 


: PART XII. containing g: reste 


ee uptions “of New ce of Lepidoptera Heterocera wt the 
“ South African Museum. By W. Warren, M.A., F.ELS. 
AE two Coloured ee A cer a 


_; . ISSUED AUGUST 14th, 1914. PRICE 63.’ 


PRINTED FOR THE 
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM 


By Wasr, NEWMAN & Co., Lonpon, 


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